MAPPING OF COs WITH PSOs

# PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5

CO1 M M M M S
CO2 L M M S S

CO3 L M M M S

CO4 L L M S S

CO5 M L M S S

CO6 M L M S S

S – STRONG, M – MEDIUM, L - LOW

CLASSICAL, QUANTUM AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS & RELATIVITY

UNIT I CLASSICAL MECHANICS – LAGRANGIAN FORMULATION

Mechanics of single and system of particles - Conservation of linear momentum - Angular

momentum and mechanical energy for a particle and a system of particles - Centre of Mass and
equation of motion - Constrained motion - Generalized notations - Degrees of freedom and
generalized coordinates - Transformation equations - Generalized Displacement - Velocity -
Acceleration - Momentum - Force and Potential - Principle of virtual work – D’Alembert’s
principle – Lagrange’s equation - Atwood’s machine

UNIT II THE HAMILTONIAN FORMULATION, HAMILTON’S PRINCIPLE

The Hamiltonian function – Hamilton’s equation – Physical significance – Conservation of linear,

angular momenta and time - Application to a simple pendulum – Advantages of Hamiltonian
formulation over Lagrangian formulation - Hamilton’s principle - linear harmonic oscillator-
Lagrange’s equation of motion from Hamilton’s principle

UNIT III WAVE MECHANICS

Failures of Classical Mechanics – de Broglie matter waves– de Broglie wavelength – Phase

velocity – group velocity – expression for group velocity – relation between phase and group
velocities – Davisson Germer experiment – G.P. Thomson experiment – electron microscope –
Principle of complimentarity – Bohr’s correspondence principle – Uncertainty principle–
illustrations for uncertainty principle.
UNIT IV QUANTUM MECHANICS

Linear vector space - Hilbert’s space - Orthogonal functions - Linear operator - Hermitian operator
- Basic postulates of wave mechanics – properties of wave function – probability interpretation of
wave function - Schrodinger’s equation (time independent and time dependent) - Applications of
Schrodinger time independent equation - Particle in a box

UNIT VI STATISTICAL PHYSICS

Phase space – Micro and macro states – Thermodynamic probability – Boltzmann’s theorem on
entropy and probability – Fundamental postulates of statistical mechanics – Statistical equilibrium
– Ensembles – MB distribution law – ideal gas – BE distribution law – Photon gas – FD distribution
law – Fermi gas.

UNIT VI RELATIVITY

Frame of reference - Inertial and non inertial frames of reference – Newtonian relativity - Galilean
transformation equations - The ether hypothesis - Michelson- Morley experiment - postulates of
special theory of relativity - Lorentz transformation equations - length contraction - time dilation
- relativity of simultaneity - addition of velocities - variation of mass with velocity - equivalence
of mass & energy – general theory of relativity and its three main successes

BOOKS FOR STUDY:

1. Classical Mechanics, Gupta, S.L., Kumar, V., and Sharma, H.V., S.Chand & Co.,
New Delhi, 2011.
2. Classical Mechanics, Upadhyaya J.C., Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi, 2006.
3. Quantum Mechanics, ArulDhas.G, PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, 2009.
4. Thermal Physics, Murugesan.R, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, S.Chand & Co.,
New Delhi, 2004.
5. Modern Physics, Murugesan, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2005.
6. Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, P.K. Palanisamy, Scitech Publishers, Chennai, 2007.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. Classical Mechanics (2nd ed.), Goldstein, H., Addison-Wesley, 1980.

2. A text book of quantum mechanics, P.M. Mathews, K.Venkatesan, McGraw-Hill Education
(India) Pvt. Limited, 2010.
3. Elements of statistical mechanics, Gupta, Kumar, Pragathi Prakashan, Meerut, 2001.
4. Fundamentals of Physics, 6/e, D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, NewYork, 2001.
5. The Feynman Lectures on Physics, R.P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton and M. Sands,
Vols.1, 2 & 3, Narosa Publishers, New Delhi, 1998.
 # PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO1 L M M S S
CO2 L M M S S

CO3 L M M S S

CO4 L M M S S

CO5 M M M S S

CO6 M M L S S

S – STRONG, M – MEDIUM, L - LOW

ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

UNIT I FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS AND POWER DEVICES

JFET-construction and operation-static, drain and transfer characteristics of JFET-circuit and

working of common source JFET amplifier-advantages of JFET-MOSFET-construction, working,
drain and static characteristics of depletion and enhancement MOSFET- Comparison of MOSFET
with JFET

Power Devices: UJT, SCR- their construction , working, V-I characteristics

- applications - UJT as relaxation oscillator - SCR as switch, theft alarm and 90 phase control
circuit-Triac.

UNIT II OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS, WAVE FORM GENERATORS AND 555 IC TIMER

Characteristics of ideal op amp- CMRR- slew rate-virtual ground-Inverting, Non-inverting,

Summing and difference amplifier-Integrator-Differentiator-Voltage to current converter-Current
to voltage converter- solving simultaneous equations - solving differential equations

Phase shift oscillator-Wien’s bridge oscillator-monostable multivibrator-astable multivibrator-555

timer internal structure- Schmitt trigger- astable multivibrator -monostable multivibrator.

UNIT III NUMBER SYSTEMS, BOOLEAN ALGEBRA and UNIVERSAL GATES

Representation of Negative Numbers;1’s complement and 2’s complement, Rules and laws of
Boolean algebra, Demorgan’s Theorems, Boolean Expressions and Truth Tables, Standard SOP
and POS forms; Minterms and Maxterms, Simplification of Boolean Expressions, Minimization
Techniques for Boolean Expressions using Karnaugh Map-2, 3 and 4 variables-half adder - full
adder - parallel binary adder - half subtractor - full subtractor- NAND and NOR as universal gates.

UNIT IV FLIP FLOPS AND REGISTERS

Sequential circuits-RS flip flop- clocked RS flip flop - D flip flop- edge triggered D flip flop-flip
flop switching time - JK flip flop - JK Master Slave flip- flop- T-flip flop - Shift registers-Types
of registers: serial in serial out - serial in parallel out- parallel in serial out - parallel in parallel out
. Applications of shift registers-ring counters-Johnson's counter.

UNIT V COUNTERS

Asynchronous counters- Modulo-n counter-definition--up and down counters- 2-bit, 3-bit and
4-bit asynchronous up counters-asynchronous down counters- 4-bit asynchronous up/down
counters –Synchronous counters-basics- comparison between synchronous and asynchronous
counters -applications - digital clock and frequency counter.

UNIT VI PROBLEMS

FET Transistors: Finding the pinch-off voltage- Gate-source voltage-Drain current-

transconductance-amplification factor-Self biasing –voltage divider biasing of FET-voltage gain
of FET amplifier-Transconductance of D-MOSFET & E-MOSFET
Power Devices: Finding interbase resistance-peak voltage-time period of relaxation oscillator of
UJT=Input voltage that trigger the SCR- output voltage
Op-Amp: Calculating common mode gain-output voltage gain- CMRR-slew rate-voltage gain of
inverting and non-inverting amp.-summing-difference amp-solving simultaneous equation &
differential equation
555 timer: Finding time period and frequency of astable, monostable and Schmitt trigger circuits.
Number systems: Adding and subtracting negative numbers using 2’s complement method-solving
Boolean expressions by Karnaugh Map (2, 3 and 4 variable functions)
Counters: Designing modulus counters-drawing timing wave forms.

BOOKS FOR STUDY:

1. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Robert Boylestad and Lowis Nashelsky, 10/e,
Pearson Education, 2009.
2. A Handbook of electronics, Gupta and Kumar, , 38th Edition, Pragati Prakashan, 2012.
3. Introduction to integrated electronics (digital & analog) V. Vijayendran, S.Viswanathan
(Printers and publishers) Pvt. Ltd., 2005.
4. Basic Electronics (Solid State), B. L. Theraja, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., (2006).
5. Op - amps and Linear Integrated Circuits, Ramakant A. Gayakwad, Prentice Hall of India.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. Electronic Devices and Circuits, David A. Bell, 5/e, Prentice Hall India, 2010.
UNIT I PHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEM AND MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
Bio-signal and its characteristics -Transport of ions through cell membrane – Resting and action
potentials - Bio-electric potentials – Nerve tissues and organs - Different systems of human body-
Design of medical instrumentation system - Static and dynamic characteristics of medical
instruments

UNIT II BIO-POTENTIAL ELECTRODES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRANSDUCERS

Electrode potential - Electrode equivalent circuit - Types of Electrodes – Surface, Needle and
Micro electrodes – Chemical electrodes - Pressure transducers – Magnetic induction type
transducers - Piezoelectric type transducer- transducer for body temperature measurement.
UNIT III BIO-POTENTIAL RECORDERS
Characteristics of the recording system - Electrical activity of the heart- Electrocardiogram - Block
diagram of electrocardiograph and recording system – ECG amplifier - Electroencephalography
(EEG) – Action potential of the brain and brain waves – EEG leads - Recording set up of EEG
and analysis - Specification, recording and Interpretation of Electromyography (EMG) and
Electroretinography (ERG)
UNIT IV BIO-MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS

Blood cell counter – Radiation detectors - Photometers and Calorimeters - X- ray tube & X- ray
machine – Radiography and Fluoroscopy - Image intensifiers - Angiography ( Basic idea)
Ultrasonic Doppler blood flow meter - Blood pressure measurement
UNIT V PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSIST DEVICES AND IMAGING TECHNIQUES
Pacemakers - types and operation – Artificial heart valves – Defibrillators - types and working
Dialysis unit – Laser Medicine – instrumentation and imaging – Endoscopes – Nuclear imaging
techniques – Computer tomography – Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

BOOKS FOR STUDY:

1. Biomedical Instrumentation, 2/e, Arumugam, M., Anuradha publications, 1994.
2. Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements,2/e, Leslie Cromwell and Weibell, F.J.,
Pfeiffer, E.A., PHI, 1980.
3. Principle of biomedical instrumentation & measurement, Richard Aston,TMH, London 1990.
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. Hand-book of Biomedical Instrumentation, 2/e, R.S. Khandpur, TMH, 2003.
2. Medical Instrumentation, Application and Design, John G. Webster, 3/E, John Wiley,
2009.

III(A) LASERS, HOLOGRAPHY AND FIBRE OPTICS

UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF LASER

Laser beam characteristics - Induced absorption, spontaneous emission, stimulated emission and
their characteristics - principle of laser - laser components-active medium - metastable states -
population inversion - optical pumping - optical resonant cavity - role of resonant cavity - quality
factor - lasing action - threshold for oscillation - three level and four level pumping schemes -
longitudinal and transverse modes - Einstein’s coefficients and their relation.

UNIT II TYPES OF LASERS

Ruby laser – He-Ne laser - Nd:YAG laser – CO2 laser - dye laser - Argon, Krypton, and Xenon
Ion Lasers - semiconductor diode laser - Liquid lasers – Fiber lasers – Tunable solid state lasers
– Excimer lasers-laser beam characteristics

UNIT III HOLOGRAPHY

Principle of holography - recording of the hologram - reconstruction of the image - coaxial

holography - off axis holography and its theory – holograms - orthoscopic and pseudoscopic
images - holography and photography - important properties of hologram - classification of
holograms - applications of holography.

UNIT IV FIBRE OPTICS

Optical fibre - principle-necessity for cladding - optical fibre system - optcial fibre cable - total
internal reflection - propagation of light through optical fibre - critical angel of propagation -
modes of propagation - acceptance angle - numerical aperture - skip distance and number of total
internal reflections - modes of propagation.

UNIT V CLASSIFICATION OF OPTICAL FIBRES AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Types of rays - classification of optical fibres - single and multi mode step index fibre –graded
index fibre-V-number -losses in optical fibre-distortion - characteristics of fibre - fibre optic
communication system - advantages of fibre optics - applications of optical fibre.

BOOKS FOR STUDY:

1. A text book of optics, Subramanyam, N., Brijlal & Avadhanulu, M. N., S.Chand & Co.
Ltd., New Delhi, 2012.
2. Lasers: Principles, Types and Applications, K. R. Nambiar, New Age International, 2004.
3. Laser theory and applications, K. Thyagarajan and Ajoy Ghatak, Cambridge University
Press, 1999.

4. Introduction to Fiber optics, K. Thyagarajan and Ajoy Ghatak, Cambridge University