FOURTH PILLAR OF CJS: THE CORRECTIONS Page 58

MODULE V
THE CORRECTIONS
THE FOURTH PILLAR IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (CJS)

A. Module Description:

The fourth Pillar of the Criminal Justice System is the correction. This pillar takes
over once the accused, after having been found guilty, is meted out the penalty for a
crime he committed. He can apply for probation or he could be turned over to a non-
institutional or institutional agency or facility for custodial treatment and rehabilitation.
The offender could avail of the benefits of parole or executive clemency once he has
served the minimum period of his sentence. In this module the above mentioned areas or
approaches will be tackled together with the different forms of the community based
correction. The functions of corrections in relation to the administration of CJS will also
be emphasized likewise the purposes and principles of the Bureau of Corrections.

B. Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this module, the students should be able to:

1. Identify the two approaches of Correction.
2. Enumerate the different correctional process.
3. State the difference between the Institutional Correction and Non-Institutional or
Community Based Corrections.
4. Discuss the different correctional institutions in the Philippines.

In this stage, correction, rehabilitation and reorientation of those who are judicially
found guilty will take place.

Correction, Defined

Correction is the branch of criminal justice charged with the responsibility for the
custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of the convicted persons. Without the necessity of
taking punitive action, correction aims to prevent the repetition of unlawful activities.

A. GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF CORRECTIONS IN RELATION TO THE ADMINISTRATION

OF CJS

The following are the general functions of correctional institutions:

1. To maintain the institutions. The correctional component is responsible for

maintaining prisons, jails, and other institutional facilities to receive convicted
offenders sentenced to periods of incarceration;

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2. To protect law abiding members of society. Correction is responsible for providing

custody and security in order to keep sentenced offenders removed from the free
world so that they cannot commit further crimes on society.
3. To reform offenders. Corrections is responsible developing and providing services to
assist them in returning to society and in leading a non-criminal life after his/her
release;
4. To deter crimes. Corrections is responsible for encouraging incarcerated and
potential offenders to lead law-abiding lives.

When does correction enter into the picture in the administration of the CJS?

Correctional institutions enter into the picture, as a rule, when the conviction of the
accused has been completed and the court issues a MITTIMUS for the enforcement of its
decision.

On the other hand, correctional institutions, jails in particular, may receive an

accused for custody or detention only, in which case the court issues a COMMITMENT
ORDER.

What is meant by mittimus?

Mittimus is a warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and the signature of the judge
directing the jail or prison authorities to receive the convicted offender for service of sentence.

What is meant by commitment order?

A commitment order is a written order of a court or authority consigning a person to

jail or prison for detention.

B. PURPOSES OF CORRECTIONS

The following are the purposes of corrections:

1. Deterrence
2. Rehabilitation
3. Reintegration
4. Isolation and Incapacitation
5. Punishment

Explain the concept of deterrence.

Deterrence is one of the most meaningful principles of corrections. Its concept is that
punishing the criminal will reduce the incidence of criminal behavior in a society.

What are the two major applications of deterrence?

1. The concept of general deterrence. This can be thought of as the power of criminal
law and the agencies of criminal justice to deter offenders from committing crimes.

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The threat of arrest, conviction, and imprisonment then prevents a person from
committing a crime. Which in the absence of these sanctions might otherwise commit.
2. The concept of special deterrence. This form of deterrence, theoretically, is designed
to prevent further crimes by someone who has already experienced the sanctions
imposed by the law through the mechanisms of the courts and imprisonment.

Explain the concept of rehabilitation?

The goal in this purpose links the criminal behavior with abnormality or some form of
deficiency in the criminal. It assumes that human behavior is the product of an antecedent
causes in that to deal effectively with any deviant behavior, these various cases must be
identified-be they physical, moral, mental, social, vocational or academic.

Once the problems have been diagnosed and classified for treatment, the offender can
be corrected by the right psychological therapy.

Explain the concept of reintegration?

This model is a more practical and realistic extension of the rehabilitative philosophy.
Like the rehabilitative model, it views the offender as needing help-but at the same time it
recognizes that criminal behavior is often the result of disjunction between the offender and
the society.

The reintegrative model realizes that society and the individual are inseparable, and
therefore the offenders’ environment is also emphasized. If the offenders are to be helped,
then must be assisted in coping with the forces of the everyday environment which they will
return upon release from prison.

Explain the concept of isolation and incapacitation?

The idea of incapacitation rests on the idea that convicted criminals should render
physically unable to continue their criminal acts-whether this is accomplished by
imprisonment and thereby the removal of the individual from society or by the imposition of
death penalty in criminal cases.

In contrast, isolation is the major impetus behind the exile and the method of
transportation of dealing with the offender.

Explain the concept of punishment.

The general concept is that it is the infliction of some sort of pain on the offender for
violating the law. In the legal sense, it is more of an individual redress or personal vengeance.

Punishment therefore defined as the redress that the state takes against the offending
member. Punishment is also a form of disapproval for certain behaviors that is followed by
the imposition of penalty. Punishment makes the offender stigmatized and penalized.

What are the justification of punishment?

The following are the justifications of punishment:

(a) Retribution-or personal vengeance

(b) Expiation or Atonement

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(c) Deterrence
(d) Protection
(e) Reformation.

Enumerate the limitation of punishment?

The following are the limitations of Punishment:

1. Makes the criminal cautions in concealing his criminal activities resulting to

unsolved crimes;
2. Stigmatized the criminal and isolates him from society;
3. Makes him a martyr or a hero;
4. Develop in the criminal an anti-social grudge and strong resentment to authority;
5. Punishment does not deter, repair damage to society or reconstruct the personality
of the offender.

Enumerates some trends of punishment.

The following are some trends of punishment:

1. Development of exemptions
2. Executive clemency
3. Decline in the severity of punishment
4. Growths of modifications in imprisonment
5. Indeterminate sentence
6. Suspended Sentence or Reprieve
7. Probation
8. Conditional Pardon
9. Short Sentences and
10. Fines.

Define penology.

Penology simply means the treatment of criminals.

Bureau of Corrections - is an agency under the Department of Justice mandated to carry

out institutional rehabilitation programs of the government for national offenders, those
sentenced to more than three years and to ensure their safe custody.

C. BUREAU OF CORRECTION PRINCIPLES

Accomplishing its mandated objectives and performing its assigned
functions.

1. To confine prisoners by giving them adequate living spaces as the first conditions
to be met before any effective rehabilitation programs can be undertaken.
2. To prevent prisoners for committing crime while in custody.
3. To provide humane treatment by affording them human basic needs in the prison
environment and prohibiting cruel methods and provide a variety of rehabilitation
program.

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D. TWO APPROACHES OF CORRECTIONS

1. Institutional Based Corrections- rehabilitation or correctional programs take place

inside correctional facilities or institutions such as national penitentiaries and jails.
2. Non-Institutional Based Corrections- rehabilitation or correctional programs within
the community. This is otherwise referred to as community-based correction. This
approach allows the convict to not be placed in correctional facility or jail.

Agencies of the government charged with correctional responsibility

1. Bureau of Correction (BuCor)

2. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
3. Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP)
4. Parole and Probation Administration (PPA)
5. Provincial and Sub-Provincial Jails
6. Department of Social Welfare and Development

D.1. First Approach: INSTITUTIONAL BASED CORRECTION

For centuries, jails and prisons were places to hold people before they were punished
for their crimes, rather than places of punishment for convicted offenders. People were locked
up until they could be executed, pilloried or subjected to other forms of barbaric suffering.
Today, particularly in the Philippines, defendants are held in jails under the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology until judgment is rendered by the court if bail is not available.
After conviction, the convicted person will remain in jail if the sentence is three years of
imprisonment or below. Only when the sentence us more than three years that is convicted
person is transferred from the jail to a correctional facility under the control of the Bureau of
Correction for the service of such sentence.

Penology
 It is the study of the punishment of crime and prison management. It is a section
of criminology that deals with the philosophy and practice to repress criminal
activities via an appropriate treatment and supervision of persons convicted
of criminal offenses.

 Penology, also called Penal Science, the division of criminology that concerns itself
with the philosophy and practice of society in its efforts to repress criminal activities.
As the term signifies (from Latin Poena, “pain,” or “suffering”), penology has stood in
the past and, for the most part, still stands for the policy of inflicting punishment on
the offender as a consequence of his wrongdoing; but it may reasonably be extended to
cover other policies, not punitive in character, such as probation, medical treatment,
and education, aimed at the cure or rehabilitation of the offender; and this is, in fact,
the accepted present sense of the term.

The principal aims of penal science are:

 To bring to light the ethical bases of punishment, along with the motives and purposes
of society in inflicting it;
 To make a comparative study of penal laws and procedures through history and
between nations; and, finally,
 To evaluate the social consequences of the policies in force at a given time.

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D.1.a. THE BUREAU OF CORRECTION (BUCOR)

The BuCor is under the Department of Justice, tasked for the custody, security and
rehabilitation of convicted person with penalty of imprisonment of more than three years.

The Mandates of the Bureau of Corrections (Section 4, RA 10575 approved last May 24,
2013)

a. Safekeeping of National Inmates

b. Reformation of National Inmates

(1) Moral and Spiritual Program;

(2) Education and Training Program;
(3) Work and Livelihood Program;
(4) Sports and Recreation Program;
(5) Health and Welfare Program; and
(6) Behavior Modification Program, to include Therapeutic Community.

Objectives and functions:

1. To confine persons who are convicted by the courts to serve a sentence in the national
prisons.
2. To prevent prisoners from committing crimes while in custody.
3. To provide humane treatment by affording them basic needs in the prison facility and
prohibiting cruel methods of punishment.
4. To provide a variety of rehabilitation program designed to change the prisoner’s
pattern of criminal or anti-social behavior.
5. To engage in agro industrial projects for the purpose of developing prison lands and
resources into productive bases or profit centers, developing and employing inmate
manpower skills and labor, providing prisoners a source of income and reducing the
Bureau’s yearly appropriated funds.
6. To perform other functions that may be directed by the Secretary of Justice or other
competent authorities.

Bureau of Corrections Operating Institutions

1. New Bilibid Prisons (The Oldest) - Muntinlupa City

2. Correctional Institution for Women - Mandaluyong City

3. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm - Puerto Princesa City

4. Davao Prison and Penal Farm - Davao del Norte

5. Sablayan Prison and Penal farm - Occidental Mindoro

6. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm - Zamboanga City

7. Leyte Regional Prison - Leyte

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Receiving of Convicted Person

Checking of Commitment Papers

Identification of the Prisoner

Searching

Briefing and Orientation/ Assignment of Quarters

Figure 6. Procedure of Admission in Correctional Institution Flow Chart

1. Receiving- the new prisoner is received at the Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC).
The new prisoner usually comes from a provincial or city jail where he was
immediately committed upon conviction by the court and escorted by a platoon during
his transfer to the national prison.
2. Checking of commitment papers- the receiving officer checks the commitment
papers if they are in order. That is, if they contain the signature of the judge or the
signature of the clerk of court and the seal of the court.
3. Identification- the prisoner’s identity is established through the picture and
fingerprint appearing in the commitment order. This is to ensure that the person being
committed is the same as the person being named in the commitment order.
Note: Commitment Order- a written order of the court or any competent authority
consigning an offender to a jail or prison for confinement.
4. Searching- this step involves the frisking of the prisoner and searching his personal
things. Weapons and other items classified as contraband are confiscated and
deposited to the property custodian. Other properties are deposited with the trust fund
under recording receipts.
5. Briefing and orientation/ assignment of quarters- the prisoner will be briefed and
oriented on the rules and regulations of the institution before he is assigned to the
RDC or quarantine unit.
Note: Quarantine Unit- this may be a unit of the prison or section of the RDC where
the prisoner is given thorough physical examination including a blood test, x-rays, and
vaccinations. This is for the purpose of insuring that the prisoners are not suffering
from any contagious disease which might be contacted by the prison population.

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D.1.b. BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology is created under Section 10 of R.A.
6975 as amended by R.A. 9263. The BJMP exercises supervision and control overall the city
and municipal jails EXCEPT provincial jails. The provincial jails are supervised and
controlled by the provincial government within its jurisdiction whose expenses shall be
subsidized by the National Government.

What is jail?

Jails are integral parts of the criminal justice system. Although it is considered as aa
sub-system of the corrections component, it plays a far more important role than the
classification would suggest.

Jails serve as the portal to the criminal justice system. It is an important indicator of
the interest and concern with justice, punishment and rehabilitation expressed by society
and the local community.

Jails are the most frequently experienced form of incarceration. There is no exact data
on the number of prisoners admitted in jails, but certainly it is many times the number of
prisoners received in prisons (Tradio, 1999).

Jails are institutions for the confinement of persons who are awaiting final disposition
of their criminal cases and also for the service of those convicted and punished with shorter
sentences.

Who are confined in jails?

1. Those who cannot post bail either because they cannot afford the required bond or the
services of a bail bondsman or who have been denied bail by the courts, while waiting
for their trial.
2. Those who are convicted of a crime and sentenced to serve an imprisonment of up to
three years.
3. Those who are sentenced to serve a prison sentence of more than three years while
awaiting state transfer to the Bureau of Prison.

What are the defects of present day in jails?

1. Inadequate, deteriorated, outmoded building, including failure to plan new

construction at a long term basis;
2. Inefficient personnel to provide safe and suitable supervision;
3. Overcrowding and lack of classification system;
4. Unsanitary conditions, both as to equipment and the management;
5. Existence of unnecessary idleness owing to lack of construction work program;
6. Failure or lack of constructive use of prisoners’ time due to improper educational and
recreational programs;
7. Substandard food services and failure to meet standards on management and
nutrition;
8. Inadequate medical services; and
9. Lack of uniform and record statistics.

JAIL IN RELATION TO THE CJS

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What is the relation of jail with the police? With the courts?

With the Police:

The relationship of the jail t the police is
cooperation, the jail has the responsibility to accept
can be legally received and detained. Because the
machinery of criminal justice begins to move, jail
together.
one of accommodation and necessary
any prisoner who is legally arrested and
jails hold the accused until the formal
personnel and the police have to work

With the Courts:

The jails and the courts must also work in close cooperation. The court both
influences the jail’s activity and in turn is dependent on the jails’ successful handling of the
court imposed workload.

TYPES OF JAIL

a. Lock up- this is a security facility; usually operated by the police stations, for the
temporary detentions of persons held for investigation or awaiting preliminary
investigation before the prosecutor.
b. Ordinary jail- the place of confinement for detention prisoners and sentenced
prisoners serving short sentences.
c. Workhouses, jail farms or camp- these institution house the minimum custody
offenders serving short sentences.

Requirements for Commitment

1. Commitment order
2. Medical certificate
3. Complaint/ information
4. Police booking sheet

GENERAL CATEGORIES OF INMATES

1. Sentence Prisoner (Prisoner) – Convicted with final judgment

Classification of sentenced prisoners and the Place of their Confinement

 Insular or National Prisoner- 3 years and 1 day to life imprisonment. Their place of
confinement is at the National Buerau of Prisons in Muntinlupa.
 Provincial prisoners- 6 months and 1 day to 3years or a fine not more than 1, 000
pesos, or both. Their place of confinement is in the Provincial Jails.
 City prisoners- 1 day to 3 years or a fine not more than 1,000 pesos, or both. Their
place of confinement is in the City Jails.
 Municipal prisoners- confined in Municipal Jail to serve an imprisonment from 1
day to 6 months. Their place of confinement is in the Municipal Jails.

2. Detention Prisoner (Detainee)- Inmate who is undergoing investigation/ trial or

awaiting trial/ sentencing.

Classification of Detainees

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 Undergoing investigation
 Awaiting or undergoing trial
 Awaiting final judgment

Difference between Jail and Prison

Jail
- A place of detention;
- A place where a person convicted or suspected of a crime is detained.
- BJMP
- DILG
- holds people awaiting trial and people sentenced for a short duration.

Prison
- A long term confinement for those convicted of serious crimes.
- Bureau of Corrections
- DOJ
- Holds people convicted of crimes; sentenced for a longer term.

D.2. Second Approach: NON-INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION/ THE COMMUNITY BASED

TREATMENT PROGRAM

The community- based treatment programs are those programs that are intended to
treat criminal offenders with in the free community as alternatives to confinement. It
includes all correctional activities directly addressed to the offender and aimed at helping
him to become a law- abiding citizen.

Alternatives for confinement in order to prevent prison congestion

a. Elimination from the jails of those who belong elsewhere such as those to be at the
mental hospital, training schools, foster homes or to the care of the social welfare.
b. Adoption of the restorative justice’s concept of intervention and diversion programs.
c. Payment of fines instead of imprisonment.
d. Extensive use of probation.
e. Establishment of more farm units and the forestry camps for minimum security
prisoners serving short sentences.
f. Delayed sentence this a procedure which permits a prisoner to pursue his normal job
during the week and return to the jail to serve his sentence during non-working hours.

Concept of community Based correction

Community-based corrections apply not only to changes in the traditional location and
use of prisons but also to the inclusion or specific correctional efforts within this new design.
The government is forced to consider community-based corrections as an alternative to
imprisonment. This is probably the result of an effort to relieve the pressure of a
overcrowding.

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Prison administrators have realized that massive and isolated prisons do not provide
the best setting for correctional efforts. To achieve the correctional goals of imprisonment,
institutional programs and inmates must interact more with the society.

In essence, the basic idea behind community-based corrections is Diversion: directing

offenders away from the traditional process of imprisonment. DIVERSION means diverting
incarcerated offenders to special programs and institutions instead of warehousing them I a
conational prison.

Different community-based programs

At present the following are the known common types of community based corrections
programs:
1. Work release- in this program, selected inmates are released from institution during
the day to go to their job in the community while spending daily after-work hours on
weekends in confinement.
2. Academic-pass or steady-release- this is similar to work-release in that inmates are
permitted to leave the institution to attend school and return to prison or community
facility after class.
3. Conjugal and family visitation- in this program, the spouse and in some instances
the children of the inmate are permitted to visit special facility of the prison. Usually, a
separate section of the prison or small cottages are made available and the inmate
may have the privacy and engage in the physical phase of the conjugal relationship.
4. Home furlough- in this program, the inmate returns home for a few days without
supervision. This is intended to build a solid base of community and family support
before the inmate walks out the front gate of the prison.

What is good conduct time allowance?

This is an allowance given in consideration for the good conduct of the prisoner and as
a motivation for his good behavior while serving his sentence. These allowances are granted
by the Director of Prisons and once given cannot be revoked.
In essence, for good conduct of the prisoner, a number of days are deducted from the
length of years that prisoners have been sentenced to serve.

FORMS OF COMMUNITY- BASED PROGRAMS

I. Probation
 It is a disposition whereby a defendant, after conviction of an offense, the penalty of
which does not exceed 6 years of imprisonment, is released subject to the conditions
imposed by the releasing court and under the supervision of a probation officer.
 It is substitute for imprisonment the probationer is compared to an outpatient, a sick
person who does not need to be hospitalized because his illness is considered less
serious.
 Presidential decree 968 otherwise known as the “Philippine Probation Law” approved
and took effect on July 24, 1976. Section 18, PD 968 as amended states the creation
of Probation administration under the DOJ, which shall exercise general supervision
over all probationers.

Purposes of probation

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1. Promote the correction and rehabilitation of an offender by providing him with

individualized treatment;
2. Provide an opportunity for the reformation of a penitent offender which might be less
probable if he were to serve a prison sentence; and
3. Prevent the commission of offense.

What will happen if a probationer violates the conditions of probation?

1. The court may modify the conditions of probation or revoke the same.
2. If the violation is serious, the court may order the probationer to serve his prison
sentence.
3 The probationer may also be arrested and criminally prosecuted if the violation is
a criminal offense.

There are two kinds of conditions imposed upon the offender under probation:

1. Mandatory or general – once violated, the probation is cancelled.

 To report to the probation officer within 72 hours after he receives the order of the
court granting probation.
 To report to his probation officer at least once a month.
 Not to commit any other offense while on probation.

2. Discretionary or special – additional conditions which the court may additionally

impose for the probationer’s correction and rehabilitation outside prison. The
enumeration is not exclusive, as long as the probationer’s Constitutional rights are not
jeopardized.

How long is the period of probation?

1. Not more than 2 years if the sentence of the offender is 1 year or less.
2. Not more than 6 years if the sentence is more than one year.
3. When the penalty is a fine only and the offender is made to serve subsidiary
imprisonment, probation shall be twice the total number of days of subsidiary imprisonment.

Advantages of Probation

1. The convicted criminal offender can continue to work in his place of employment.
2. It prevents the tendency of broken homes.
3. It relieves prison congestion.

II. Parole

 Parole is the process of suspending the sentence of a convict after having served the
minimum of his sentence without granting him pardon, and prescribing the terms
upon which the sentence shall be suspended. (Cirilo Tradio)
 Parole is a procedure by which prisoners are selected for release on the basis of the
individual response to the correctional institution and the service progress and by

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which they are provided with the necessary controls and guidance as they serve the
remainder of their sentences within the free community.

Elements of Parole

1. That the offender has been convicted;

2. That he served part of his sentence in prison;
3. That he will be released before the full expiration of his sentence;
4. That said release is conditional; and
5. That he remains on parole until the expiration of his maximum sentence.

Who cannot be granted parole?

 Generally, those sentenced to a term of imprisonment of one year or less or to

a straight penalty or to a prison sentence without a minimum term of imprisonment.

Who may grant parole to a prisoner?

 The board of pardon and parole, an agency under the Department of Justice.

When may a prisoner be granted parole?

 Whenever the board of pardon and parole finds that there is a reasonable probability
that if released, the prisoner will be law abiding and that his release will not be
incompatible with the interest and welfare of society and when a prisoner has already
served the minimum penalty of his/her indeterminate sentence of imprisonment.

What happens if a parolee violates the conditions of his parole?

 He shall be rearrested and recommitted or returned to prison to serve the unexpired

portion of the maximum period of his sentence.

Table 4. Difference between Parole from Probation

Parole Probation

Administrative function exercised by the It is a judicial function exercised by courts

executive branch of government
Granted to a prisoner only after he has Granted to an offender immediately after
served minimum of his sentences conviction in prison
It is an extension of institutional It is substitute for imprisonment

Granted by the BPP Granted by the court

Parolee Probationer

Parolee supervised by Parole Officer Probationer supervised by Probationer officer

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III. Executive Clemency

It refers to the commutation of sentence, conditional pardon and absolute pardon may be
granted by the president upon recommendation of the board.
The power of executive clemency is a tacit admission that human institutions are imperfect
and that there are infirmities in the administration of justice. The power, therefore, exists as
an instrument for correcting these infirmities and for mitigating whatever harshness might
be generated by an excessively harsh or strict application of the law.

Forms of Executive Clemency

1. Amnesty- a general pardon extended to a group of person, such a political offender

purposely to bring about the return of dissidents to their home and to restore peace
and order in the community.

2. Commutation of sentence- an act of the president changing/ reducing a heavier

sentence to a lighter one or a longer term into a shorter term. It may alter death
sentence to life sentence or life sentence to a term of years. It does not forgive the
offender but merely to reduce the penalty pronounced by the court.

3. Reprieve- a temporary stay of the execution of sentence especially the execution of the
death sentence. Generally, reprieve is extended to prisoners sentenced to death. The
date of execution of sentenced is set back several days to enable the chief to study the
petition of the condemned man for commutation of sentenced or pardon.

4. Pardon- an act of grace extended to prisoners as a matter of right, vested to the Chief
Executive (The President) as a matter of power.

- A pardon is a deed, to the validity of which delivery is essential, and delivery is not
complete without acceptance. It may then be rejected by the person to whom it is
tendered; and if it be rejected, we have discovered no power in a court to force it on
him.

a. Conditional pardon- It is the conditional exception of a guilty offender for the

punishment imposed by a court.
b. Absolute pardon- It is the total extinction of the criminal liability of the
individual to whom it is granted without any condition whatsoever resulting to
the full restoration of his civil rights.

What is an indeterminate sentence?

It is a kind of correction and rehabilitation where the focus is on the early release of
the sentenced prisoner after serving the minimum of his sentence as previously determined
by the court based on the guidelines provided by law.

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The release from prison is dependent on the offender’s rehabilitation and readiness for
reintegration.

The release date is determined on how quickly the offender is progressing in his
rehabilitation and depending of the judgment of the Parole Board.

E. CORRECTIONAL DISCRETION
1. To determine the prison institution where the offender will be imprisoned;
2. To determine the types of the programs to which the offender will be imprisoned;
3. To determine the degree if custody;
4. To awards privileges;
5. To punish for disciplinary infractions; and
6. To make recommendations to the parole board.

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