Ms. Wez Manda Dissertation

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF PROCUREMENT PRINCIPLES ON
SERVICE DELIVERY IN NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS: A CASE OF

PARTNERS IN HOPE
BY
Wezi Alice Manda
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO EXPLOITS UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL

FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELORS DEGREE
OF ARTS IN LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT
December, 2023
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DECLARATION
I, Wezi Alice Manda hereby declare that this dissertation represents my own work which has been
done after registration for the Bachelors Degree of Arts in Logistics and Supply Management
at Exploits University and has not been previously submitted to this or any other institution for a
degree, diploma or other qualifications. Where work that form part of other research papers or any
source, proper citation was included. I accept responsibility for the conduct of the procedures that
might be found to be contrary to the provided guidelines.
Signature: ________________________________ Date: ______________________________
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CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
I hereby declare that this dissertation according to my knowledge is the student’s own work
and effort and it has been acknowledged where other sources of information were used. This
dissertation has been submitted with my approval as a supervisor.
NAME OF SUPERVISOR: MR. MANETTI PHIRI
SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR: ______________________________________
DATE OF APPROVAL: ________________________________________
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DEDICATION
This research is dedicated to Annie Mumba (mother) she is the strongest woman I know; she has
sacrificed a lot to have me here, she continues to leave her problems to attend to mine. Her advice,
her love and presence have held me strong advice, her love and presence have held me strong till
date. I wouldn’t have done it without her. I love you Mama.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I acknowledge God, for removing that laziness I had, always thinking I could not do it but yet, I
could, and He made me shine in the process. My mother Annie Mumba for being there,
encouraging me and believing in me, Emmanuel my brother for being the hype man and my goals.
Uncle James for putting me through school, I will forever be grateful, I wouldn’t forget my
classmates and friends, the sleepless nights working with them was good not forgetting my
supervisor Mr. Manetti Phiri for the time he took in helping me.
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ABSTRACT
This research assesses the of procurement principles in the delivery of services in non-
governmental organizations (NGOs), a case study of Partners in Hope (PIH) in Malawi. The study
examines how PIH's purchasing methods aligns its mission and values. The objective is to analyze
the connection between procurement principles and service outcomes, and to determine the
potential for improving service provision in marginalized regions. The study, which took place in
Area 36, Lilongwe, with a total of 15 participants, highlights PIH's commitment to procurement
principles and offers suggestions for improvement. This statement shows the importance of
transparency in the procurement procedures of organizations, places emphasis on the principles
of justice and fairness to establish trust among stakeholders, and illustrates how adherence to
ethical procurement standards improves the quality of services while reducing financial and legal
risks. In the end, this promotes long-period resilience and satisfaction among stakeholders.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................................ i
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ......................................................................................................................... ii
DEDICATION................................................................................................................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................ viii
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................ ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACCRONYMS ............................................................................................... x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY .................................................................................................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.3.0 STUDY OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 Main objectives ............................................................................................................................ 3
1.3.2. Specific objectives ....................................................................................................................... 3
1.4. RESEARCH QUESTION ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................................ 4
1.6. CHAPTER SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................... 5
2.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 5
2.1. DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS OF TERMS ................................................................................... 5
2.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................... 5
2.3 EMPIRICAL LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................ 7
2.4 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK................................................................................................................ 8
2.5 CHAPTER SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................. 12
3.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 12
3.1 RESEARCH APPROACH AND DESIGN ................................................................................................. 12
3.2 AREA OF STUDY ................................................................................................................................. 12
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3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................................. 13
3.4 SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE ....................................................................................... 13
3.6.0 DATA COLLECTION ......................................................................................................................... 13
3.6.1 Primary data ............................................................................................................................... 13
3.6.2 Secondary data .......................................................................................................................... 14
3.6.3 Research instruments ................................................................................................................ 14
3.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................................. 14
3.8 RESEARCH ETHICS ............................................................................................................................. 14
3.9 CHAPTER SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS ................................ 16
4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 16
4.2. FINDINGS .......................................................................................................................................... 16
4.2.1 To assess the importance of procurement principles on service delivery at partners in hope. 16
4.2.2 To identify challenges faced in adherence in procurement principles at partners in hope ...... 20
4.2.3 To establish on how the adherence to procurement principles could be achieved and improve
service delivery at partners in hope ................................................................................................... 22
4.3 CHAPTER SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND THE RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................. 29
5.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 29
5.2 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................... 29
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................................................ 30
5.4 AREAS FOR FURTHER STUDIES .......................................................................................................... 30
5.5 CHAPTER SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 31
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 32
APPENDEX I................................................................................................................................................. 35
QUESTIONNAIRE ..................................................................................................................................... 35
APPENDEX II................................................................................................................................................ 41
TIME FRAME AND BUDGET OF THE STUDY............................................................................................. 41
Work plan ............................................................................................................................................ 41
Budget ................................................................................................................................................. 42
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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 1. Conceptual frame work and above the diagrams................................................................ 11
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. How important do you consider transparency in procurement processes? ..................... 16

Table 2. Rate the significance of fairness and equity in procurement decisions: ......................... 17
Table 3. To what extent do you believe cost-effectiveness influences procurement success? ..... 17
Table 4. How crucial is stakeholder collaboration in the procurement process?.......................... 18
Table 5 In your experience, how much does adherence to procurement principles impact service
delivery? ........................................................................................................................................ 20
Table 6. Procurement efficiency in enhancing overall service quality ......................................... 21
Table 7. To what extent do you believe ethical procurement practices contribute to improved
services? ........................................................................................................................................ 21
Table 8. Challenges arise if procurement principles are not adhered ........................................... 23
Table 9. What are the consequences of these challenges? ............................................................ 24
Table 10. Steps to improve service delivery ................................................................................. 24
Table 11. How does Partners in Hope measure adherence to procurement principles ................. 25
Table 12. Procurement principles ................................................................................................. 25
Table 13. Challenges arise if procurement principles are not adhered ......................................... 39
Table 14. Consequences of these challenges ................................................................................ 39
Table 15. Procurement principles ................................................................................................. 39
Table 16. Measurements of adherence to procurement principles ............................................... 40
Table 17. Steps to improve service delivery ................................................................................. 40
Table. 18 Showing the work plan ................................................................................................. 41
Table 19. Showing the budget ...................................................................................................... 42
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACCRONYMS
CTB: Central Tender Board
CGS: Central Government Stores
IT: Information technology
NGO: Non-governmental organization
PIH: Partners in Hope
PPDA: Public Procurement and Disposal Act
SCM: Supply chain management
SCM: Supply chain management
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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
The effectiveness of delivery in the non-governmental organization (NGO) industry relies on a

strong purchasing model in a comprehensive supply chain management system. This study aims
to investigate the important role that purchasing practices play in improving service performance,
with a focus on Partners in Hope.
Du Toit and Vlok, (2014) said the supply chain management involves the process of planning,
implementing and controlling the end to end flow of goods, services and information and is a
multi-disciplinary discipline required to work well. According to this concept, purchasing has
become a main feature in the procurement of goods and services, with the introduction of cost
effectiveness, quality and on time delivery.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Partners in Hope founded in 2001, is a leading non-governmental organization (NGO) in Malawi

dedicated in provision of health solutions and social services. Partners in Hope is guided by a
profound mission to foster enduring connections with sister organizations deprived settings. With
a dual commitment, Partners in Hope efforts to expand the advantages of contemporary medical
science to those who are most deprived while simultaneously serving as a powerful remedy to
hopeless. The center of this mission is a core value deeply rooted in the organization's ethos: the
belief that every human life holds equal value, and each individual possesses an inherent right to
enjoy good health and fulfill their potential. As a beacon of hope for the underserved, Partners in
Hope passionately works towards realizing its vision of a resilient and healthy Malawi. (Partners
in Hope, 2023)
Hope Partners' historical path has been identified by an unwavering commitment to its core values
of integrity, compassion, excellence and collaboration. Over the years, PIH has become a powerful
force in the NGO sector addressing critical health issues and supporting community development.
In the overall context of Partners in Hope 's work, the purchasing function has become an important
development supporting the expansion of the organization. Procurement, an essential part of
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supply chain management, has become complex and needs to be based on strong principles to
ensure efficiency, transparency and integrity. (Partners in Hope, 2023)
The history of supply chain management (SCM) has evolved over the years, tracking important
developments and achievements. At the start of the 20th century, the business world realized that
operations such as purchasing, production and distribution required to be well coordinated.
Logistics management introduced in the 1960s focusing on the movement of physical goods and
evolved into corporate management in the 1980s. The adoption of information technology in the
1980s and 1990s enhanced collaboration, communication, and visualization. The 1990s witnessed
a change towards globalization of supply chains. The 2000s were filled with consolidation and
collaboration through e-commerce and technology. The focus on sustainability and sustainability
issues in 2010 demonstrates the development of SCM (Du Toit and Vlok, 2014).
In Malawi the operation of centralized procurement system, with a Central Board (CTB)
overseeing procurement by government departments and senior institutions. Central Government
Stores (CGS) are responsible for supplying materials to these facilities. At the same time, law firms
are making acquisitions independently, with little government oversight. The Public Procurement
and Disposal Act (PPDA) gives a regulatory framework that guides public and civil society
practices. The law addresses procurement principles including fairness, competition, transparency
and accountability. PPDA's influence extends to organizations such as Partners in Hope, which
develop their procurement strategies to meet national standards. (Public Procurement and Disposal
Act, 2023)
This research focuses on the relationship between purchasing principles and service delivery in
Partners in Hope. Through examining Partners in Hope's history, it provides overiew into the
vision, mission, and values that motivates the organization's commitment to improving the lives
of the people of Malawi. In addition, this study will provide an overview of the change in practice
through focusing on the points defined in the Public Procurement and Disposal Act (PPDA) and
their impact on the distribution service of Partners in Hope.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Environmental purchasing in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is an important

determinant of the effectiveness and efficiency of delivery. Partners in Hope (PIH), a leading NGO
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operating in Malawi, faces unique challenges and chances as it implements a compressive
approach to its support services practices. This research aims to reveal the interactions between
purchasing and service elements in PIH as small of the broader understanding in the NGO industry.
Partners in hope founded to spread the benefits of modern medicine as a beacon of hope for the
weak, their work surely seems to come from historical contexts and changing practices. The
organization commitment is to ensure that all people’s lives are valued equally, which is connected
to its vision of a healthy and strong Malawi. However, the real implementation of this vision relies
on the effectiveness of the purchasing process.
Comprehending PIH’s historical background, including its vision, mission and values, is important
to understanding the organization's ethics and moving forward after its delivery. In other hand, a
deep analysis of the evolution of PIH's internal purchasing process and its compliance with the
principles set out in the Public Procurement of Disposal Act (PPDA) will assist in understanding
the organization's purchasing process. (Public Procurement and Disposal Act, 2023)
This study aims to see to what extent purchasing principles in PIH affects service results. A
comprehensive review was conducted to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats available in current PIH applications. In addition, it seeks to provide recommendations to
enhance the incorporation of procurement strategies and PIH's overall mission to provide essential
services to unmerited communities in Malawi.
1.3.0 STUDY OBJECTIVES
1.3.1 Main objectives

• To establish the importance of procurement principles on service delivery
1.3.2. Specific objectives

• To assess the importance of procurement principles on service delivery at partners in hope
• To identify challenges faced in adherence in procurement principles at partners in hope
• To establish on how the adherence to procurement principles could be achieved and
improve service delivery at partners in hope
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1.4. RESEARCH QUESTION
• What is the impact of procurement principles on service delivery at Partners in Hope, and
how do these principles contribute to the organization's overall effectiveness in delivering
services?
• What are the challenges encountered in adhering to procurement principles at Partners in
Hope?
• How can adherence to procurement principles be effectively achieved to enhance service
delivery at Partners in Hope?
1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings will be used by partners in hope to enhance its service deliveries and the findings will
add new knowledge in the area of study
1.6. CHAPTER SUMMARY
This chapter gives an overview of the study, introducing procurement principles and their impact
on service delivery in NGOs, with a special focus on Partners of Hope (PIH). It introduces the
historical background of PIH, explaining its mission, values and vision for a healthy Malawi. The
section explains the procurement process, focuses on the main points explained in the PPDA.
Additionally, the context of the problem, research objectives, questions, and importance of the
study are presented. Furthermore, this chapter gives the foundation for an in-depth study of the
research topic and provides a better understanding of the research topic.
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CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Assessing the importance of the connecting procurement and delivery principles in non-
governmental organizations (NGOs), this literature review is designed to provide an understanding
review of the factors that influence good practices. The use of stakeholders in prospects is a
specific case study and aims to provide historical and theoretical concepts that influence the
procurement process in the NGO sector. The guide of supply chain theory, this review highlights
important academic work and draws on insights from researchers such as Monczka. (2019) and
Christopher (2016) focus the importance of the purchasing process in achieving good results for
NGOs.
2.1. DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS OF TERMS
In this study, purchasing is defined as the process of finding, purchasing and managing goods,
services or services for a person in need and then making designs. Supply Chain Management
(SCM) is considered as the coordination of purchasing, production and distribution to ensure the
quality of goods and services. Malawi's Public Procurement and Disposal Act (PPDA) regulates
procurement, emphasizing fairness, competition, transparency and accountability, and
stakeholders’ requirements to adjust their strategies accordingly. Sustainability oriented
environmental procurements are very important for the good functioning of the NGO sector. Hope
Partners' service delivery includes providing health solutions and social services to underserved
communities, according to the agency's mission.
2.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The development of property theory has covered several decades with important contributions
from researchers and practitioners. Since the 1950s to the 1970s, the initial concept of supply chain
management originated in the logistics industry, and Joseph W. Monczka advocated the integration
of logistics operations. In the 1980s, "supply chain management", which refers to the integrated
flow of goods and services, was adopted. Oliver W. Schnetzler and Robert S. Russell explored
market integration during this period. Later, in the 1990s characterized by globalization,
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information technology played an important role in the corporation of cross-border shipments
(Simchi-Levi et al 2008). Lee, (2004) introduces the concepts of lean and agile supply chains,
emphasizing the importance of integration to achieve competitive advantage. The 2010s focused
on sustainability and resilience, and scholars such as Christopher S. Tang touched on resilience.
This important point reflects the evolution of various aspects of the demand chain from many
stakeholders and its continued adaptation to global challenges (Tang, 2006)
Chopra and Meindl, (2016) said applying the supply chain perspective provides a comprehensive
framework for understanding how purchasing affects all services in nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs) such as Hope Partners. This research has important implications for supply
chain theory. In other hand fundamental concepts of supply chain theory, including end-to-end
vision, efficiency and integration, customer relationships, risk management. Impact on service
delivery in NGOs. This approach allows for a holistic analysis that takes into account the
interaction of various supply chain elements in the context of non-profit organizations (Monczka
et al., 2015).
Supply chain theory is based on fundamental assumptions that influence its application and
outcomes. The theory of practical behavior requires actors in the supply chain to produce positive
values or outcomes, thereby influencing pricing decisions, negotiations, and collaboration. This
affects the creation of information systems and collaboration processes, assuming that information
is effectively shared between partners. Considering forecasting future demand informs decisions
about inventory management and production planning. Cost uniformity includes production,
transportation, and inventory costs, which influence product design and supplier selection. A stable
business environment is expected to adapt to changes in customer preferences or requirements.
Risk management involvement recognizes uncertainty in the supply chain that impacts risk
mitigation strategies. Continuous improvement is essential to ensure competitiveness and
encourage innovation and innovation. Collaborative relationships are thought to be beneficial and
influence supplier selection and joint problem-solving decisions (Chopra and Meindl, 2016;
Monczka et al., 2015).
The assumptions of the adopted material are based on the assumptions that form its application
participants' behavior, good information sharing, estimation of needs, price consistency, a stable
business environment, risk management, continuous improvement and good performance. social
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relations. These thoughts influence performance and adaptation by guiding decisions and ideas in
the material (Chopra and Meindl, 2016; Monczka et al., 2015).
2.3 EMPIRICAL LITERATURE REVIEW
Evidence includes research based on direct observations or experiments, using methods such as
surveys, experiments, or observations to collect and analyze data for decision making. This type
of information refers to gathering evidence from real-life observations or experiences to make an
opinion, theory, or claim (Granato & Melody Lo, 2021).
In East Asia, especially China, supply chain theory is widely used to improve business efficiency
and competitiveness. Global telecommunications leader Huawei exemplifies this approach using
integrated devices. Huawei adheres to production standards and aims to eliminate waste, shorten
production time and increase customer satisfaction. The company manages its suppliers and uses
products in real time to achieve good results and flexible responses to business needs. Another
example is e-commerce giant Alibaba, which has revolutionized the supply chain. Alibaba relies
on extensive communication between suppliers and logistics partners to facilitate seamless online
shopping. The company uses its product platform to perform demand forecasting and product
management through technologies such as artificial intelligence, optimizing delivery distances and
increasing overall success.
Alibaba has used strategies to establish good relationships with suppliers and ensure the stability
and reliability of products while negotiating competitive prices for products. This supply chain
makes it easier to expand into new markets and strengthens its competitive position and market
share by increasing access to a wider range of products.
Haier, a home appliance manufacturer in China, acquires its customers using its supply chain.
Thanks to major reforms, Haier allows customers to configure devices according to their
preferences, and the supply chain adapts to these changes, providing flexible products in the
shortest time.
In South Asia, India has similarly adopted supply chain theory to improve business. Companies in
the food and beverage industry use quality control strategies to improve their operations.
Furthermore, in Europe, especially Germany, leveraging the supply chain is important for the
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success of the business. German automaker Volkswagen uses an advanced supply chain
framework to streamline the production process. The company receives the goods on time to
reduce the cost of goods and increase profits. Additionally, Volkswagen works closely with
suppliers to improve the performance of the entire supply chain, promoting innovation and
sustainable development. This approach supports Volkswagen's global competitiveness and
business continuity.
In Africa, supply chain management is starting to gain attention in countries like South Africa. The
mining industry is an important sector of the economy that emphasizes the management of the
supply chain to improve resources and the export process. Companies in this sector have adopted
business strategies to increase efficiency, reduce costs and comply with environmental
management standards.
Effective supply chain management is critical to economic development in Malawi. While

infrastructure and logistics can be challenging, effective supply chain management can have an
important impact on sectors such as agriculture and healthcare. Adopting technological solutions
and encouraging collaboration between stakeholders can reduce competition and increase the
overall profitability of Malawi's supply chain.
The analysis of the supply chain in Asia, Europe, Africa and Malawi shows the different methods
and their impact on various industries. From Huawei and Alibaba's best practices in Southeast Asia
to Volkswagen's success in Europe and South Africa's supply chain, every region has seen
important growth. Focus on good supply chain management. As Malawi continues to develop, best
practices in global standards can lead to economic growth and competitiveness.
2.4 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
In the field of supply chain management, a conceptual framework is a fundamental structure

comprising interconnected concepts that systematically elucidate the intricacies of managing the
flow of goods, services, information, and finances across the entire supply chain. This framework
serves as a foundation for crafting hypotheses, shaping research inquiries, and steering the overall
research methodology. By establishing a conceptual foundation, researchers can explore the
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multifaceted aspects of supply chain dynamics, including logistics, procurement, and production,
distribution, and information exchange.
This framework assists in defining key variables and relationships within the supply chain context.
For instance, it may encompass concepts such as "Information Technology (IT)," "Information
Sharing," and "Coordination of Players in the Supply Chain." These elements are interwoven to
create a comprehensive understanding of how IT influences information sharing and coordination,
ultimately impacting the overarching goal of service delivery improvement.
Integration of information technology (IT) in current supply chain management efforts has become
an important factor in improving operational efficiency. The independent evolution of information
technology means the use of advanced techniques and tools throughout the supply chain. This
includes technologies such as data analytics, cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT).
The connection to the difference between “improvement deliveries” is profound. Through the use
of IT, connected devices can instantly share information, improve communication and speed up
decision-making. The result is important for the overall improvement of service delivery,
particularly through increased workforce and flexibility.
Another important aspect is information sharing, which refers to the exchange of information
between various participants in the equipment. This transparency creates a collaborative
environment where stakeholders can share insights, predictions, and challenges. The difference is
clearly seen in the positive impact of delivery. Sharing information reduces delays and errors in
the delivery process, making delivery easier and timelier.
In addition, Coordination of Players in the Supply Chain, is the effective coordination and changes
in cooperation of many participants. This collaboration is important for reducing conflicts, making
changes at the chain level, and improving resource allocation. The link to the variable is created
by directly affecting the total value of the material. Integration results in an efficient supply chain
that increases efficiency and delivery time.
The difference between "Improvement of Services" shows the ultimate goal of improving the time,
accuracy and overall quality of services provided on the equipment. The success of IT and
knowledge sharing, together with effective collaboration, is the driving force behind real
improvements in service outcomes. In fact, the very concept of this concept shows the interaction
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between these independent variables and their contribution to the overall goal of improving service
standards in equipment.
This concept describes the interaction of information technology (IT), information sharing,
collaboration among employees in the supply chain, and the overall purpose of the distribution
system. IT is the main resource and power that directly affects information sharing and
collaboration.
Knowledge sharing and collaboration are placed in equal proportions, symbolizing the connection
between them. Information sharing becomes a bridge for effective collaboration and collaboration
to ensure accurate, timely and consistent exchange of information. The two-way arrow between
these changes shows the continuity and relationship between their effects.
The main working area of the framework is “Delivery Improvement” end result. Surely directly
will be affected by IT integration and the integration of information sharing and collaboration.
This interaction arrows show the constant interaction and feedback of these variables and illustrate
the dynamic and iterative nature of their relationships.
This diagram in below shows how technology, sharing and collaboration can work together to
support the evolution of service standards in the supply chain. The visual representation
underscores the intricate relationships and mutual dependencies among these components,
highlighting the dynamic nature of their influence on the overarching goal of service delivery
improvement.
Independent variables
Dependent variable
• Information
Technology (IT)
• Coordination of
Players in the Supply
Chain Improving Service Delivery
• Sharing information
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Fig 1. Conceptual frame work and abo ve the diagrams
2.5 CHAPTER SUMMARY
In this chapter, this study examines the relationship between purchasing goods and services from
non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This literature review is based on supply chain needs,
drawing on the insights of Monczka (2019) and Christopher (2016) to provide an in-depth
historical and theoretical analysis. Theoretical frameworks spanning decades, from logistics
management to lean and agile supply chains, are discussed and their evolution illustrated.
Emphasis is placed on the application of chain theory to NGOs, including Partners of Hope,
considering the relationship between end-to-end vision, performance, customer and risk
management. This chapter concludes with the literature review focusing on the Volta River
Authority in Ghana and outlines the context of the study on the impact of procurement on NGO
services.
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CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the methodological approach used to evaluate the importance of purchasing
policies for aid by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), focusing on the data study at Partners
in Hope. A strong research methodology is required for a deeper understanding of the relationship
between NGO practices and service delivery. Developing a comprehensive research methodology,
this research focuses on existing knowledge and provides recommendations for NGOs aiming to
improve purchasing processes to improve service outcomes.
3.1 RESEARCH APPROACH AND DESIGN
This study used mixed methods to evaluate the importance of procurement policies for delivery in
a non-governmental organization (NGO), specifically the Hope Partners case study. Mixed
methods combine qualitative and quantitative research methods to enable research on different
questions. This selection process has proven useful for understanding collective action and service
quality, especially in the NGO context (Johnson et al., 2018).
Hope Partners was selected as a research center for its commitment to humanitarian work and
impact on non-profit projects (Smith & Brown, 2020). The use of case studies aims to reveal the
specific purchasing principles that partners must comply with and their direct impact on export
results. A descriptive research design will be employed in this study, utilizing various sources,
including interviews, documents, and surveys, to comprehensively explore and understand
Partners in Hope's purchasing process (Jones, 2019). This approach aligns with the study's
objective of investigating the relationship between procurement principles and service delivery
outcomes in non-governmental organizations (NGOs), with a specific focus on Partners in Hope.
3.2 AREA OF STUDY
The research will be conducted in Lilongwe Area 36, with a specific focus on the interventions
provided by Partners in Hope. This area encompasses the geographical location within Lilongwe,
emphasizing the services and programs offered by Partners in Hope.
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3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY
The focus of this study is on individuals and organizations involved in purchasing and delivery in
non-governmental organizations (NGOs), mainly Partners in Hope. The involvement of many
people, including procurement staff, project managers, frontline staff, stakeholders and
beneficiaries, facilitates research studies on procurement and their impact on the effectiveness of
services in the NGO sector. The size of population is fifteen people, this collaborative approach
improves understanding of the relationship between purchasing decisions and their outcomes,
leading to deeper and more accurate research (Smith & Johnson, 2018; Brown et al., 2020).
3.4 SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
The respondents will be drawn from various stakeholders involved in Partners in Hope, that is
purchasing personnel, project managers, front-line staff, and other relevant individuals. Identifying
the respondents involves a strategic and systematic approach to ensure the sample represents a
diverse range of perspectives within the NGO sector. The researcher used the census approach was
helpful with the reduction of sampling errors
3.6.0 DATA COLLECTION
The primary data collection tool is a structured questionnaire, featuring both closed-ended and
open-ended questions for comprehensive quantitative and qualitative insights. Additional research
instruments include surveys and in-depth interviews to enhance the depth and breadth of data
collection.
3.6.1 Primary data

Structured Surveys aim to elicit comprehensive insights into participants' thoughts on purchasing's
impact on partner delivery needs. In-depth Interviews, conducted with a subset of participants,
delve into nuanced perspectives, providing detailed qualitative data. These methods enrich the
research, capturing diverse viewpoints and ensuring a thorough understanding of the study's focal
areas.
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3.6.2 Secondary data
Data analysis involves collecting secondary data from multiple subjects to develop a theoretical
framework for the study. Statistics and analysis involve analyzing statistics and data from internet
sources, books journals and print media developing relevant information and providing an
overview for a better understanding of the subject.
3.6.3 Research instruments

A structured questionnaire serves as the primary data collection instrument, aligning with a
research-based qualitative approach. Closed-ended questions provide options such as multiple-
choice, Likert scale, or yes/no responses. Meanwhile, open-ended questions grant participants the
opportunity to articulate their thoughts and experiences in their own words, fostering a
comprehensive understanding of qualitative insights.
3.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
Limitations of the research include focusing on a single case, specifically Partners of Hope, thus
limiting the generalizability of the findings to other organizations, namely government (NGOs)
(Creswell and Creswell, 2017). The study's design, characterized by snapshots, risks
oversimplifying the power of change over time and may consequently limit the ability to capture
changes in the purchasing of goods and services. Participant bias can lead to inaccurate answers,
especially in self-reported data. Logistical boundaries affect the understanding of the delivery of
services by limiting the number of beneficiaries. Resource constraints may affect the potential for
in-depth analysis by limiting the depth and breadth of data collection. Findings may be specific to
Hope Partners and may have limited applicability to NGOs with different organizational structures
and locations (Maxwell, 2013). Biases in responses may cause differences and affect the reliability
of the data collected.
3.8 RESEARCH ETHICS
Evaluation of Hope Partners service content should be based on empirical studies (Shaw, 2015).
The basis of this process includes obtaining informed consent, ensuring that participants
understand the purpose of the study, its potential risks and benefits, and discussing the subject and
voluntary participation (Shaw, 2015). Privacy compliance protects participants' privacy by
14
ensuring the security of information and using anonymous reporting techniques (Shaw, 2015). To
prioritize privacy, the study minimized access to private areas and maintained transparency in
disclosing personal information (Shaw, 2015). Research shows that courtesy is an important tool
for understanding the quality of purchasing and delivery (Shaw, 2015). Equity is achieved through
selecting exhibitors, sharing benefits fairly, and ensuring understanding (Shaw, 2015). Ensure
integrity through honest and transparent behavior, including disclosure of conflicts of interest
(Shaw, 2015). Respecting autonomy allows stakeholders to make informed decisions while paying
special attention to protecting the health of vulnerable people (Shaw, 2015). Compliance,
transparent communication, regular reviews and data management are responsible for ensuring
that research meets ethical standards, fairness, respect for stakeholders and the integrity of the
NGO's knowledge base (Shaw, 2015).
3.9 CHAPTER SUMMARY
This section discusses the methodology for evaluating NGO procurement policies, focusing on
Partners of Hope. An empirical mixed methods approach was used to investigate the effects of
purchasing on the supply chain. Chosen for their commitment to humanity, Partners of Hope is
education at its finest. This study involved different stakeholders to better understand the impact
of purchasing on service quality. This study aims to reveal the best decision-making and
effectiveness in NGO purchasing strategies. Ethical considerations, including informed consent
and confidentiality, inform research ethics. This chapter concludes with an overview of the
research design, methodology, and ethical considerations, paving the way for the next review.
15
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESEARCH
FINDINGS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The study moves forward from the articulation of research objectives in chapter 1 to the
examination of empirical evidence within the framework of partners in hope in this crucial chapter.
Examining the effect of procurement principles on internal service delivery is the main goal of this
study. This chapter aims to clarify the important points mentioned in the primary and particular
objectives by means of a thorough study of the data.
4.2. FINDINGS
4.2.1 To assess the importance of procurement principles on service delivery at partners in hope
The results' nature relates to how participants view important procurement-related factors. In order
to assess the significance of stakeholder participation, cost-effectiveness, fairness and equity, and
transparency in procurement decisions, a Likert scale approach was used. To gain a thorough grasp
of participants' viewpoints on these crucial procurement components, the analysis entails
quantifying responses to identify prevalent attitudes.
Table 1. How important do you consider transparency in procurement processes?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Very Important 9 60.0 60.0 60.0

Valid Important 6 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
According to Table 1's data, 60% of respondents rated procurement process transparency as "Very
Important," with the remaining 40% rating it as "Important." This implies a widespread recognition
of the need of openness in the procurement procedures being examined. This is a favorable reaction
that the organization can take as evidence of the participants' broad agreement on the importance
of procurement openness. In order to meet the expectations and values of its stakeholders, the
organization will need to emphasize maintaining high levels of transparency in its procurement
operations. This finding may also have wider consequences for related businesses or sectors,
16
highlighting the public expectation that ethical standards and accountability be upheld through
open procurement methods.
Table 2. Rate the significance of fairness and equity in procurement decisions:

Percent
Very Significant 5 33.3 33.3 33.3
Significant 9 60.0 60.0 93.3

Valid
Neutral 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
The organization will be significantly impacted by the results in Table 2, which show how
participants rated the importance of fairness and equity in procurement decisions. Sixty percent of
respondents rated justice and equity as "Significant," and thirty-three percent rated it as "Very
Significant." This suggests that all parties involved understand how important equity and justice
are in procurement procedures. Given the high proportion of significance assigned, it is
recommended that the business give justice and equity top priority while making procurement
decisions. This is in line with moral principles and could help the company establish a favorable
reputation. Strategic focus on these principles can reduce legal risks, increase stakeholder trust,
and promote an ethical and transparent procurement environment. In light of the expectations and
values of the survey participants, the results highlight the necessity for the organization to maintain
or enhance its commitment to just and equitable procurement processes.
Table 3. To what extent do you believe cost-effectiveness influences procurement

success?

Percent
Very Influential 13 86.7 86.7 86.7
Influential 1 6.7 6.7 93.3

Valid
Neutral 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
17
The findings in Table 3 show how much participants thought cost-effectiveness affected the
success of the procurement process. The majority of respondents (86.7%) rate it as "Very
Influential," demonstrating the broad agreement among them regarding the critical role that cost-
effectiveness plays in successful procurement. Less than half (6.7%) consider it to be "Influential,"
and 6.7% are "Neutral" about it. This shows a general recognition of the critical role that cost-
effectiveness plays in the success of procurement. The consequences bear important result for the
company, underscoring the need to give cost-effectiveness top priority in procurement strategies
in order to improve overall performance. It shows that strategic planning is necessary to guarantee
the best use of available resources, which will ultimately improve the organization's procurement
procedures' efficacy and efficiency.
Table 4. How crucial is stakeholder collaboration in the procurement process?

Percent
Very Crucial 5 33.3 33.3 33.3
Valid Crucial 10 66.7 66.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Participants' opinions of the significance of stakeholder cooperation in the procurement process

are shown in Table 4's results. Stakeholder collaboration is seen by the majority, 66.7%, as
"Crucial," and by 33.3% as "Very Crucial." This suggests that a considerable recognition exists
among the involved parties regarding the crucial function that stakeholder participation performs
in the procurement procedure. The implications for the organization are significant, indicating that
procurement activities can be made more effective overall by prioritizing and encouraging
stakeholder participation. The focus on the value of cooperation is in line with modern
organizational practices, which understand the need of involving stakeholders in order to achieve
successful procurement outcomes. It emphasizes how important it is for businesses to put strategies
into place that support productive cooperation with stakeholders in their procurement procedures,
building trust and guaranteeing an all-encompassing approach to procurement operations.
The study's findings are consistent with previous research and offer insightful information about
the perceived significance of stakeholder engagement, cost-effectiveness, justice and equity, and
openness in procurement procedures (Cuypers, 2021) The results pertaining to the importance of
18
procurement transparency (Table 1) are consistent with the more general comprehension that
procurement procedures must be transparent in order to maintain organizational responsibility and
ethical standards. The idea that upholding high standards of openness is a common value among
respondents and helps to foster confidence with stakeholders is supported by the alignment with
prior research.
The study's findings support accepted theories that highlight the significance of justice in
procurement when it comes to fairness and equity in procurement decisions (Table 2) Gyori, G.
(2021). The findings imply that giving justice and equity top priority in procurement decisions can
lower legal risk, boost stakeholder trust, and foster an environment that is morally and
transparently conducive to procurement. The emphasis on fairness also aligns with moral
considerations. This is consistent with earlier studies that highlight the importance of fairness and
justice in procurement.
According to Cuypers, (2021), cost-effectiveness is now widely acknowledged as a crucial

component of successful procurement. This is supported by the findings on the perceived relevance
of cost-effectiveness in procurement (Table 3). The focus on cost-effectiveness's highly significant
role suggests that participants have a common knowledge of the subject and validates well-
established ideas on strategic planning to maximize resource utilization in procurement
Finally, the results (Table 4) about the collaboration of stakeholders in the procurement process
are in line with modern organizational practices that highlight the need of involving stakeholders
for successful procurement outcomes (Ibraheem, 2018). The results of the study corroborate the
body of research that shows how important stakeholder participation is to improving procurement
effectiveness as a whole.
To sum up, the study's findings are consistent with prior research and accepted theories,
highlighting the significance of stakeholder participation, cost-effectiveness, transparency, justice,
and equity in procurement procedures. This alignment facilitates the use of these concepts in
organizational plans for enhanced service delivery and adds to a thorough grasp of the importance
of these aspects in effective procurement
19
4.2.2 To identify challenges faced in adherence in procurement principles at partners in hope
A likert scale, ranging from "high impact" to "no impact," was used to collect participants' opinions
on adherence to procurement standards and how it affects service delivery. After the responses
were sorted for examination, opinions regarding the contribution of procurement efficiency to
service quality were revealed. The scale assessed opinions on how procurement efficiency affected
the quality of services, ranging from "very positive" to "very negative." concerning the impact of
ethical procurement procedures to services, participants also shared their opinions on a scale
ranging from "significantly" to "not at all." through the quantification and categorization of replies,
this method allowed for a thorough knowledge of the participants' varied perspectives on the
relationship between the impact of service delivery and procurement principles.
Table 5 In your experience, how much does adherence to procurement principles

impact service delivery?
Percent
High impact 12 80.0 80.0 80.0
Valid Moderate Impact 3 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
The information in Table 1 shows how participants felt about how following procurement
guidelines affected the quality of services. Most (80.0%) expressed a "High Impact," indicating a
statistically significant positive link between improved service delivery and following
procurement standards. Conversely, a lower proportion (20.0%) saw a "Moderate Impact." These
results highlight the perceived significance of strict adherence to procurement standards in
delivering high-quality service delivery, with significant repercussions for the organization or
society. A broad recognition of the beneficial impact of procurement methods on service results is
indicated by the majority opinion on the "High Impact" category. This recognition can inform
strategic choices aimed at improving the organization.
20
Table 6. Procurement efficiency in enhancing overall service quality
Percent
Very positive 8 53.3 53.3 53.3
Valid Positive 7 46.7 46.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Responses to questions about the effect of procurement efficiency on total service quality are
shown in Table 2. Out of all respondents, 53.3 percent said they felt things were "Very positive,"
and 46.7% said they had a "Positive" opinion. This shows that respondents' opinions on how
procurement efficiency improves service quality were mostly positive. The positive implications
for the organization or society suggest that a considerable proportion of respondents recognize the
beneficial influence of effective procurement on the quality of services. This knowledge can help
direct strategic choices and initiatives to improve procurement procedures for better service
delivery.
Table 7. To what extent do you believe ethical procurement practices contribute

to improved services?
Percent
Significantly 11 73.3 73.3 73.3
Valid Moderately 4 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
The findings in Table 3 show how participants felt about the contribution of ethical procurement
techniques to better services. While 26.7% believe these activities have a modest influence, the
majority (73.3%) believe they have a big impact. This implies that a considerable number of
respondents agree with the important role that ethical sourcing procedures play in improving
services. Implications for the company include the possible upholding of moral procurement
guidelines and procedures, which would enhance the caliber of services. In terms of society, this
highlights how crucial it is to incorporate ethical issues into procurement processes in order to
improve services overall.
21
The findings displayed in Table 5 are consistent with earlier study conducted by Kujala et al.,
(2022) supporting the notion that stakeholder involvement and openness are essential elements of
effective procurement processes. According to Kujala et al., (2022), there is a statistically
significant positive link between adherence to procurement principles and service quality, as
indicated by the overwhelming 80.0% of participants who stated a "High Impact" on the former.
Strategic decisions for organizational change are guided by the recognition that procurement
procedures have a beneficial impact on service results, which is consistent with the literature
Kujala et al., (2022)
Moving on to Table 6, the comments made on how procurement efficiency affects overall service
quality are consistent with the findings of Anane, Adoma, & Awuah, (2019) who highlighted the
benefits of effective procurement for service quality (Anane, Adoma, & Awuah, 2019). 53.3% of
respondents had a "Very Positive" perspective, and 46.7% had a "Positive" view; these results are
consistent with the preponderance of positive opinions highlighted in the literature that is currently
in publication (Anane, Adoma, & Awuah, 2019). According Anane, Adoma, & Awuah, (2019)
recommendations, participants' awareness of this might inform strategic decisions and actions
targeted at enhancing procurement procedures for improved service delivery.
Table 7 presents the opinions of the participants regarding how ethical procurement procedures
lead to better services. correspond with the results of earlier research conducted by Israel and
Mchopa (2019), who emphasized the important impact that ethical procurement has on service
quality. According to the substantial agreement noted in the literature currently in publication, the
majority (73.3%) assign a significant influence to these activities, while 26.7% believe they have
a minor impact (Israel & Mchopa, 2019). This could result in the organization's ethical
procurement policies being strengthened and, in line with Israel and Mchopa (2019)
recommendations, higher-quality services. In terms of society, it emphasizes how crucial it is to
include ethical factors in procurement procedures in order to improve overall service quality,
which is consistent with the more general ideas found in the literature (Israel & Mchopa 2019)
4.2.3 To establish on how the adherence to procurement principles could be achieved and
improve service delivery at partners in hope
Participants made a number of recommendations for ways to improve service delivery while
adhering to procurement laws. These steps include developing a policy for procurement,
strategically organizing procurement-related operations, encouraging sustainable procurement
22
methods, and strictly adhering to procurement standards. The Likert scale was employed to aid in
the measurement and categorization of answers, providing insightful information about the relative
importance of specific problems, their outcomes, and suggested ways to address them.
Table 8. Challenges arise if procurement principles are not adhered

Percent
Lack of Transparency 8 53.3 53.3 53.3
Legal and Reputational

5 33.3 33.3 86.7
Valid Consequences
Increased Financial Risks 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
The results in Table 8 provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges that may arise if
procurement principles are not adhered to, as perceived by the respondents. The survey participants
were asked to select multiple challenges from a predefined list, and the table displays the frequency
distribution of their responses. The top challenge, identified by 53.3% of the respondents, is the
"Lack of Transparency." This suggests that a significant portion of the participants views
transparency as a critical factor, and its absence poses a substantial challenge in the procurement
process. Following closely is the concern regarding "Legal and Reputational Consequences,"
highlighted by 33.3% of the respondents. This shows a substantial awareness among participants
of the potential legal and reputational risks associated with non-compliance with procurement
principles. Additionally, "Increased Financial Risks" were noted by 13.3% of the respondents. The
cumulative percentages provide a progressive understanding of the distribution of responses. The
method used for this quantitative analysis involves capturing the frequencies of each selected
challenge, enabling a clear depiction of the perceived challenges related to procurement principles
adherence.
The findings shown in Table 8 provide significant insights for the business and stakeholders by
highlighting potential issues that may arise from a failure to follow procurement guidelines. More
than 50% of participants recognize a deficiency in transparency as a noteworthy concern,
underscoring the importance of transparency. A third acknowledges the consequences to their
reputation and legal standing, highlighting the significance of moral behavior. Fiscal consequences
23
are highlighted by financial hazards, which are acknowledged by a lower percentage. According
to these findings, procurement processes that are open, moral, and cost-effective should be given
priority in order to build company trust and conform to social norms.
Table 9. What are the consequences of these challenges?

Percent
Loss of business
4 26.7 26.7 26.7
opportunities
Customer Dissatisfaction 6 40.0 40.0 66.7

Valid
Reputation damage 3 20.0 20.0 86.7
Increased complaints 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Table 9 uses a Likert scale to examine the effects of obstacles related to non-compliance with
procurement guidelines. Findings show trends in respondents' opinions: In light of the possibility
of losing out on commercial opportunities, 26.7% emphasize the necessity of procurement criteria.
The firm needs to give procurement principles top priority in order to foster strong stakeholder
interactions, as 40.0% of customers report discontent. Furthermore, 20.0% highlight the possibility
of reputational harm and the significance of ethical procurement. Recognizing a 13.3% rise in
complaints, the company needs to resolve these issues by following procurement guidelines and
improving stakeholder satisfaction. These outcomes emphasize how crucial procurement
adherence is to long-term company success, maintaining good customer connections, protecting
one's reputation, and satisfying all stakeholders. The Likert scale approach offers measurable
insights that direct the company in reducing adverse effects.
The outcomes presented in Table 9 illustrate the consequences of failing to follow procurement
guidelines. Notably, stakeholders associate complaints, customer happiness, reputation, and
commercial prospects with ethical buying. The organization is urged to prioritize adherence for
strong stakeholder relations and sustained success, since these findings highlight the critical role
that ethical practices play in long-term success.
Table 10. Steps to improve service delivery
24
Percent
Develop a procurement
5 33.3 33.3 33.3
policy
Plan procurement activities 2 13.3 13.3 46.7
Ensure sustainable
Valid 2 13.3 13.3 60.0
procurement
adhering to procurement
6 40.0 40.0 100.0
principles
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Table 11. How does Partners in Hope measure adherence to procurement principles
Percent
Procurement Audits 9 60.0 60.0 60.0
Document Reviews 2 13.3 13.3 73.3

Valid
Compliance Checklists 4 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Table 12. Procurement principles

Percent
Transparency 9 60.0 60.0 60.0

Valid Integrity 6 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Table 10 shows the measurement point out participants to enhance the provision of services. The
step that is most commonly mentioned is "adhering to procurement principles," as indicated by
40% of the respondents. Additional measures outlined encompass the formulation of a
procurement policy, strategic planning of procurement activities, and the establishment of
sustainable procurement practices.
25
Partners in Hope measures adherence to procurement principles as outlined in Table 11. The
predominant approach identified is "Procurement Audits," as reported by 60% of the participants.
In addition, alternative approaches encompass Document Reviews and Compliance Checklists.
Table 12 offers valuable information regarding the procurement principles that are considered
significant. The principle that is most frequently cited is "Transparency," as indicated by 60% of
the participants. The concept of "integrity" is deemed significant, as indicated by 40% of the
participants.
In general, the data indicates that stakeholders place a high level of importance on adhering to
procurement guidelines, with a particular emphasis on openness. Partners in Hope employs a range
of methodologies to assess adherence, with procurement audits being the primary approach. The
significance of transparency and integrity in the procurement process for enhancing service
delivery is emphasized by this statement.
The results shown in Table 8 provide important insights for the company and stakeholders by
illuminating important problems that could occur if procurement criteria are not followed. The
significance of transparency in procurement processes is emphasized by the fact that more than
50% of respondents cited it as a major concern. Furthermore, one-third of participants stress the
significance of ethical behavior by acknowledging the possible legal and reputational
consequences. The reduced number of respondents who acknowledged financial dangers
emphasizes the importance of sound financial management. These results highlight how important
it is to have ethical, open, and economical procurement procedures in order to uphold social norms
and foster confidence.
The implications of not adhering to procurement norms are shown in Table 9, where stakeholders
link ethical procurement methods to lower complaint rates, higher customer satisfaction ratings,
improved reputations, and better commercial opportunities. This emphasizes how important
ethical behavior is for building relationships with stakeholders and ensuring long-term success.
The data analysis uncovers significant findings concerning the measures to enhance service
delivery, the assessment of compliance with procurement principles, and the significance of
particular procurement principles:
26
Table 10 explain various steps which can improve service delivery. The research suggests that
participants acknowledge the importance of adhering to procurement standards as a critical
measure in improving service delivery, with 40% of participants highlighting this element.
Furthermore, additional crucial measures outlined encompass formulating a procurement policy,
strategizing procurement activities, and guaranteeing the implementation of sustainable
procurement procedures. This implies an all-encompassing method for enhancing service delivery
that includes both procedural and strategic factors.
The assessment of compliance with procurement principles is presented in Table 11. According to
60% of the respondents, Partners in Hope predominantly employs procurement audits as a means
of assessing compliance with procurement guidelines. Stakeholders prioritize thorough
assessments of procurement methods to guarantee adherence to agreed standards and rules.
Furthermore, Partners in Hope use Document Reviews and Compliance Checklists, albeit to a
lower degree, as part of their comprehensive strategy to monitoring adherence.
The significance of procurement principles is highlighted in Table 12. The data highlights the
importance of transparency and integrity as fundamental values in the field of procurement. The
principle of transparency, which was highlighted by 60% of the respondents, is deemed to be of
utmost importance, highlighting the significance of openness and accountability. The importance
of ethical conduct and honesty in procurement activities is further underscored by the mention of
integrity by 40% of the respondents.
In summary, the findings indicate that stakeholders are actively working towards prioritizing
compliance with procurement principles, including transparency and integrity, in order to enhance
service delivery. Organizations such as Partners in Hope strive to respect ideals and promote
accountability by implementing rigorous measuring techniques, such as procurement audits. This
approach aims to enhance the efficacy and efficiency of their procurement procedures.
4.3 CHAPTER SUMMARY
This chapter explains the impact of procurement principles on internal service delivery and
empirical evidence analysis of Partners in Hope. The results show the collaboration stakeholders,
27
fairness, cost-effectiveness, and transparency are all greatly valued. In other hand difficulties such
as a lack of transparency (53.3%) provides an overview on how important ethical procurement is.
In addition, Eighty percent of positive perceptions emphasize how adherence can enhance the
quality of services provided, which informs recommendations for ethical standards and clear
policies.
28
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND THE RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
Expanding upon the study results reported in Chapter 4, this chapter explains the implications and
suggestions derived from the investigation into how procurement principles affect Partners in
Hope's internal service delivery. As covered in the previous chapter, the viewpoints of the
participants provide valuable insights that help shape the organization's future course of action and
drive the formulation of relevant implications.
5.2 CONCLUSIONS
The study at Partners in Hope demonstrated the importance of transparent and equitable
procurement processes, emphasizing adherence to established procedures. Stakeholder
collaboration and cost-effectiveness are essential for Partners in Hope success because they
guarantee efficiency and satisfy a range of needs. Maintaining procurement principles is essential
to the success of an organization and the efficient provision of services. According to the research,
service delivery is greatly impacted by Partners in Hope's procurement guidelines, which also
increase effectiveness and efficiency. The results of service delivery are further enhanced by
ethical procurement procedures.
The research shows that if Partners in Hope is not adhering to procurement principles may lead to
challenges such as transparency deficits, legal and reputational consequences, and increase
financial risks. These challenges could result in customer dissatisfaction, elevated complaints, and
loss of business opportunities.
The study results show that the Partners in Hope follows the procurement principles like integrity
and transparences. It further demonstrates the Partners in Hope measures to adherence through
compliance checklists and procurements audit. In addition, Partners in Hope to enhance service
delivery should prioritize developing a procurement policy, planning procurement activities as
well as adhering to procurement principles. This approach will not only ensure transparency and
efficiency but also help in improving service delivery outcomes at Partners in Hope. The researcher
29
found that most of the junior employees at Partners in hope, are not professionals. It is important
to have employees that are well-versed in procurement processes
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
It is highly recommended that organizations procurement process transparency should be first

priority, that’s according to the results of the research done at Partners in Hope. The report
emphasizes how crucial transparency is and how it helps to build confidence and trust.
Additionally, the study analyses how important justice and fairness are while making procurement
decisions. As a result, it is advised that organizations put procedures and guidelines in place that
guarantee a just and equal environment for procurement, encouraging trust among stakeholders.
According to the Partners in Hope study, service delivery is greatly improved by placing a high
priority on adhering to procurement standards and highlighting procurement efficiency. It is
imperative to include ethical procurement procedures since they enhance the overall quality of
services. It is advised that in order to promote quality and transparency in service delivery,
organizations concentrate on these factors.
The study conducted at Partners in Hope shows how important it is to follow good procurement
practices. Ignoring these rules can lead to higher financial risk, legal consequences, and
transparency neglect, among other concerns. Prioritizing adherence can help organizations avoid
losing out on commercial opportunities and customer happiness while building trust and long-term
resilience.
5.4 AREAS FOR FURTHER STUDIES
In order to successfully execute these suggestions, which are in line with organizational goals,
organizational capacity, cost-effectiveness, and practicality must all be carefully taken into
account.
• Exploring the Impact of Digital Platforms on Collaborative Procurement:

Investigating the Influence of Digital Platforms on Stakeholder Communication,
Information Sharing, and Collaboration in the Procurement Ecosystem
30
5.5 CHAPTER SUMMARY
This chapter discuss the research findings, focusing on important goals of procurement teamwork,
transparency, fairness, cost-effectiveness, and stakeholder participation. In keeping with accepted
theories, the study emphasizes stakeholder participation while highlighting the significance of
transparency, fairness, and cost-effectiveness. Tables corroborate previous study consensus by
confirming these findings. A transparent procurement strategy, strategic planning, stakeholder
participation, and ethical practices are the main points of emphasis for the recommendations. The
chapter ends with suggestions for future research areas to improve service delivery and uphold
ethical standards, practical ways for organizational improvement, and insights on disregarding
procurement guidelines.
31
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Monczka, R. M., et al (2019). Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning.
Partners in Hope. (2023). Available at https://www.pihmalawi.com/ (accessed 10 January 2024)
Public Procurement and Disposal Act (PPDA) Annual Report 2022/2023 Available at
https://ppda.mw/storage/documents/resources/Annual%20Report%202022-23.pdf (accessed: 12
February 2024)
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Ethics, 22(3), 289-305
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delivery’. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 30(4), 398-413 Available at
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666412722000137 (accessed: 12 January
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925527306000405 (accessed: 22
February 2024)
34
APPENDEX I
QUESTIONNAIRE
Introduction
Dear respondent, this questionnaire has been designed for the purpose of collecting data on an
Assessment of the importance of procurement principles on service delivery in Non- Governmental
Organizations: A case of Partners in Hope. our valuable insights are instrumental in conducting an
assessment to evaluate the impact and importance of procurement principles on the delivery of
services within our organization.
Your responses will be kept confidential. Please respond to the questions honestly by ticking the
most appropriate response.
SECTION A:
GENERAL QUESTIONS
Please tick appropriately in the boxes using a tick (√) or cross mark (x).
1. Gender
Male [ ]
Female [ ]
2. Age Bracket in years:
20-25[ ]
26-30[ ]
31-35[ ]
36-40 [ ]
41 -50 [ ]
51 and Above [ ]
3. Highest level of education
35
a. JCE [ ]
b. MSCE [ ]
c. Undergraduate Level [ ]
d. Post-Graduate Level [ ]
e. Any other (Specify).........
4. How long have you worked for the organization?

a. Less than 3 years
b. 3 –6 years
c. 7–10 years
d. More than 10 years
SECTION B
1. Procurement Principles:
a. How important do you consider transparency in procurement processes?
Very Important [ ]
Important [ ]
Neutral [ ]
Less Important [ ]
Not Important [ ]
b. Rate the significance of fairness and equity in procurement decisions:
Very Significant [ ]
Significant [ ]
36
Neutral [ ]
Less Significant [ ]
Not Significant [ ]
c. To what extent do you believe cost-effectiveness influences procurement success?
Very Influential [ ]
Influential [ ]
Neutral [ ]
Less Influential [ ]
Not Influential [ ]
d. How crucial is stakeholder collaboration in the procurement process?
Very Crucial [ ]
Crucial [ ]
Neutral [ ]
Less Crucial [ ]
Not Crucial [ ]
2. Service Delivery Impact:
a. In your experience, how much does adherence to procurement principles impact service
delivery?
High Impact [ ]
Moderate Impact [ ]
Neutral [ ]
Low Impact [ ]
No Impact [ ]
37
b. Rate the role of procurement efficiency in enhancing overall service quality:
Very Positive [ ]
Positive [ ]
Neutral [ ]
Negative [ ]
Very Negative [ ]
c. To what extent do you believe ethical procurement practices contribute to improved
services?
Significantly [ ]
Moderately [ ]
Neutral [ ]
Slightly [ ]
Not at All [ ]
SECTION C: TO ASSESS THE IMPORTANCE OF PROCUREMENT PRINCIPLES ON

SERVICE DELIVERY AT PARTNERS IN HOPE
Maintaining a commitment to procurement principles is paramount for Partners in Hope to uphold

the efficiency and effectiveness of its supply chain and logistics operations. In order to delve
deeper into the challenges encountered when these principles are not followed, we seek valuable
insights from stakeholders.
1. What challenges arises if procurement principles are not adhered to? Please
mark the appropriate box
38
challenges arise if procurement Tick
principles are not adhered
1 Lack of Transparency
2 Legal and Reputational Consequences
3 Increased Financial Risks
4 Procurement Plans
Table 13. Challenges arise if procurement principles are not adhered
2. What are the consequences of these challenges?
consequences of these challenges Tick
1 Loss of business opportunities

2 Customer Dissatisfaction
3 Reputation damage
4 Increased complaints
Table 14. Consequences of these challenges
3. What are the current procurement principles being followed by Partners in

Hope?
Procurement principles Tick
1 Transparency
2 Integrity
3 Competition
4 Accountability
Table 15. Procurement principles
4. How does Partners in Hope measure adherence to procurement principles?
39
Measurements of adherence to Tick
procurement principles
1 Procurement Audits
2 Document Reviews
3 External Reviews
4 Compliance Checklists
Table 16. Measurements of adherence to procurement principles
5. Some steps that can be taken to improve service delivery with adhering to
procurement principles
Steps to improve service delivery Tick
1 Develop a procurement policy

2 Plan procurement activities
3 Ensure sustainable procurement
4 adhering to procurement principles
Table 17. Steps to improve service delivery
40
APPENDEX II
TIME FRAME AND BUDGET OF THE STUDY
Work plan
Below is a table representing the work plan for the research from the planning of the first phase to
the final phase of the research study
Table. 18 Showing the work plan
Months Weeks Activity

May 2023 1 Topic formulation
2
3 Project proposal
4
June 2023 5 Project introduction and working on chapter 1
6
7 Chapter 1 review and correction
8
July 2023 9 Working on chapter 2
10
11 Chapter 2 review and collection
12
August 2023 13 Working on chapter 3
14
15 Chapter 3 review and correction
September 2023 16 Questionnaire formulation
17
18 Completion of phase one
October 2023 19 Data collection
20 Questionnaire
21 Analysis of data collected
41
November 2023 22 Phase 2 of the project begins
23 Data analysis
24 Chapter4 project review
25
26 Begin 5, progress review of chapter 5 and
correction
December 2023 27 Final project review, proof, editing
28 Final presentation
Budget
This research work is going to cost about MK 380, 000 (see the estimated budget below) and the
researcher is going to be sole financier of the budget
Table 19. Showing the budget

RESOURCES DESCRIPTION COSTS
Transport • To get respondents K 70,000
• To bind stationary
• To library
Equipment • Special hard drive for K 100,000
backup
Stationery • Printing questionnaires K 150,000
• Binding final project
Airtime for calls and internet • Booking appointments K 60, 000
for respondents
• Internet service
TOTAL COSTS K 380,000
42

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AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF PROCUREMENT PRINCIPLES ON

SERVICE DELIVERY IN NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS: A CASE OF

Wezi Alice Manda

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO EXPLOITS UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL

Signature: ________________________________ Date: ______________________________

dissertation has been submitted with my approval as a supervisor.

NAME OF SUPERVISOR: MR. MANETTI PHIRI

SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR: ______________________________________

DATE OF APPROVAL: ________________________________________

Fig 1. Conceptual frame work and above the diagrams................................................................ 11

Table 1. How important do you consider transparency in procurement processes? ..................... 16

CTB: Central Tender Board

CGS: Central Government Stores

IT: Information technology

NGO: Non-governmental organization

PIH: Partners in Hope

PPDA: Public Procurement and Disposal Act

SCM: Supply chain management

SCM: Supply chain management

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

The effectiveness of delivery in the non-governmental organization (NGO) industry relies on a

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Partners in Hope founded in 2001, is a leading non-governmental organization (NGO) in Malawi

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Environmental purchasing in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is an important

1.3.0 STUDY OBJECTIVES

1.3.1 Main objectives

1.3.2. Specific objectives

1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.6. CHAPTER SUMMARY

2.1. DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS OF TERMS

2.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.3 EMPIRICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

Effective supply chain management is critical to economic development in Malawi. While

2.4 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

In the field of supply chain management, a conceptual framework is a fundamental structure

2.5 CHAPTER SUMMARY

3.1 RESEARCH APPROACH AND DESIGN

3.2 AREA OF STUDY

3.4 SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

3.6.0 DATA COLLECTION

3.6.1 Primary data

3.6.3 Research instruments

3.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

3.8 RESEARCH ETHICS

3.9 CHAPTER SUMMARY

Table 1. How important do you consider transparency in procurement processes?

Very Important 9 60.0 60.0 60.0

Total 15 100.0 100.0

Table 2. Rate the significance of fairness and equity in procurement decisions:

Very Significant 5 33.3 33.3 33.3

Significant 9 60.0 60.0 93.3

Total 15 100.0 100.0

Table 3. To what extent do you believe cost-effectiveness influences procurement

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Very Influential 13 86.7 86.7 86.7

Influential 1 6.7 6.7 93.3

Total 15 100.0 100.0

Table 4. How crucial is stakeholder collaboration in the procurement process?

Very Crucial 5 33.3 33.3 33.3

Valid Crucial 10 66.7 66.7 100.0

Total 15 100.0 100.0

Participants' opinions of the significance of stakeholder cooperation in the procurement process

According to Cuypers, (2021), cost-effectiveness is now widely acknowledged as a crucial

Signature: __ Date: