StuDocu.com 330932238 Analysis and Design of Beams Problems reinforced concrete (University of the Cordilleras) ‘StuDocu Is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (Terregragasin@gmall.com)ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAMS PROBLEMS PROBLEM 2.1 A reinforced concrete rectangular beam 300 mm wide has an effective depth of 460 mm and is reinforced for tension only. Assuming f'. = 21 MPa and f, = 345MPa, determine the balance steel area in sq.mm. SOLUTION __ 0.85 Fr¢f4600 _ , Pr = ees 81 = 0.85 since f', < 30MPa _ 0,85(21)(0.85)(600) Pb ~ 345 (600 + 345) py = 0.02792 Asp = ppbd PROBLEM 2.2 A rectangular beam has b = 300 mm and d =490 mm. Concrete compressive strength f',=27.6MPa and steel yield strength f, = 276 MPa. Calculate the required tension steel area if the factored moment M,,is (a) 20 KN-m, (b) 140 kN-m, (c) 485 kN-m, and (d)620 kN-m. SOLUTION Solve for pmaxand My max: — 0.85f 81600 £85(27.6)0.85(600) Po = “5, (6004fy) Po = ~ 9766004276) Py = 0.0495 Pmax = 9.75 pp Pmax = 0.75(0.0495) max fe max 27.6 @max = 0.371 This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Rn max = f",a(1 = 0.590) Rn max = 27.6(0.37D)[1 — 0.59(0.37)] Rnmax = 8.001MPa Mn max = Rn maxbd? Mn max = 8.001(300)(490)? Mn max = 576.279x10°N — mm Mn max = 576.279kKN — mm My max = @Mn max My max = 9.90 x 576.279 My max = 518.65 kN —m a) M, = 20kKN —m < My max = (singly reinforced) Mu = gR,bd? 20 x 10° = 0,90R,,(300) (490)? Ry, = 0.309 MPa = 185Fe ae 0.85(27.6) 6), _2(0.309_ ~~ 376 ~ 0.85(27.6) p = 0.00113 < prin 14 if f'- > 31.36MPa, otherwise => Pmin = “9g if fc Pmin = 14 Pmin =—- = 0.005072 hy As = phd A = 0.00572(300)(490) A, = 746mm? b) M, = 140kN —m < My max (singly reinforced) M, = QRnbd? 140 x 10° = 0.90 R,,(300)(490)2 Ry, = 2.16 MPa Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)0.85f" o- a: _ 0.85f". | _ 0.85(27.6) 8), 2(2.16) 276 ~ 0.85(27.6) A,=pbd p= 0.00822 > Pmin Ag = 0.00822(300)(490) A, = 1,209mm? c) M, =485kN—m< Mymax (singly reinforced) M,, = @R,bd? 485 x 10? = 0.90R,,(300) (490)? Ry = 7.48 MPa 0.85f" 2R, =O Pet— fa oe b 0.85/". __ 0,85(27.6) 2(7.48) =—a76 "> | ~cas@7ey! p = 0.03384 > Pmin A,=pbd Ag = 0.03384(300)(490) A, = 4,975mm? d) M, = 600 KN —m> Mumax The beam will be doubly reinforced. See Chapter 3. This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)PROBLEM 2.3 (CE MAY 2012) A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an overall depth of 480 mm. The beam is simply supported over span of 5 m. Steel strength f, = 415 MPa and concretef', = 28 MPa. Concrete cover is 70 mm from the centroid of the steel area. Unit weight concrete is 23.5kN/m3.Other than the weight of the beam, the beam carries a superimposed dead of 18 kN/m and a live load of 14 kN/m. Use the strength design method. a) Determine the maximum factored moment on the beam. b) If the design ultimate moment capacity of the beam is 280 kN-m, determine the required number of 20 mm tension bars. c) Ifthe beam will carry a factored load of 240 kN at midsPan, determine the required number of 20 mm tension bars. SOLUTION Given: b=300m f'c = 300 MPa d=480-70=410 mm By, fy = 415 MPa Pmin 14 => 0.00337 Bar diameter , d, = 20m Weight of beam, wy = yey = 23.5(0.3 x 0.48) = 3.384 a) Maximum factored moment on the beam. Factored load, W,, = 1.4(3.384 + 18) +.7 (14) Factored load, W, = 53.738 kN/m Maximum factored moment: 53.738(5)? M, ran M,, = 167.93 kN —m b) M, = 280 kN —m Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Solve for Mymax to determine whether compression steel is needed __ 0.85 f%e61600 _ 2.85(28)(0.85)(600) Po = Foot hy P& ~~ 415(600+415) Py = 0.02881 Pmax = 0-75 Py Pmax = 0.021261 Omax = Pract max = 0.03203 Rn max = f"@max(1 — 0.59 Wax) = 7.274 Mu max = 9 Rnmax bd? = 330.14 kN —m Required M,, = 280 kN — M Pin 1. P, = 240kN at midspan W_d = 3.384kN/m (weight of beam) PL (14Wa)L? | My = “7 + = 314.805 kN —m Prin A, =pbd_ A, = 0.02031(300)(410) A, = 2498mm? = dy2N 2498 =7(20)2N N =7.95 say 8 bars PROBLEM 2.4 (CE MAY 1993) Areinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth to tension bars of 600 mm. compression reinforcement if needed will be placed at a depth of 60 mm below the top. If f’, = 30MPa and f, = 414 MPa, determine the tension steel area if the beam is to resist an ultimate moment of 650 kN-m. SOLUTION Solve for Pax ANd Mumax! _ 0.85f'.f,600 Po =F (600 + fy) By = 0.85 since f’, < 10 MPa _ 0.85(30)(0.85)(600) Po = 474(600 + 414) py = 0.031 Pmax =015Py — Pmax = 0.75(0.031) Pmax = 9.0232 Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Phy = 0028230414) Fe os 30 = 0.3209 Mu max = f'c @ bd? (1 — 0,590) My max = 9-90(30) (0.3209) (300) (600)?/1-0.59(0.309) My max = 758.1 kN —m > My SinceM,, < My max, the beam may be designed as singly reinforced. Ry, = 6.687 MPa 650 x 10° = 0,90R,,(300) (600)? Ry = 6.687MPa Solve for p: ossf'e(, |, _2Rn b 085 /". 0.85(30) _2(6.687)| _ =—q4 seh. | — 0.85(80)| ~ 0191 > Pmin Pmin = e = 0,00338 Ag = phd Ag = 0.0191(300)(600) Ag = 3442 mm? PROBLEM 2.5 (CE November 2000) A rectangular concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 550 mm. The beam is simply supported over a span 6 m and is used to carry a uniform dead load of 25 kN/m and a uniform live load of 40_kN/m. Assume f',=21MPa and f,=312MPa. Compression This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)reinforcement if necessary shall be placed at a depth 80 mm from the outermost compression concrete. a) Determine 80 mm from the outermost compression concrete. b) Determine the required tension steel area. c) Determine the required number of 25-mm tension bars. SOLUTION a) Maximum steel area: 0.85 f’ 8,600 Po =— ° "fy(600 + fy) B, = 0.85 since f, is less than 30 MPa _ 0,85(21)(0.85) (600) Po = 312812 + 600) py = 0.03199 P max = 0.75pp Pmax = 0.75(0.03199) Pmax = 0.02399 As max = Pmaxbd As max = 0.02399(300)(550) As max = 3,959 mm? b) Required tension steel area: Factored load: W, =14D4+1.7L W, = 1.4(25) + 1.7(40) W, = 103 kN/m Required strength: w, 1? 103(6)? M, = a M, = 6) 8 M,=463.5kN-m Solve for My max Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)0.0299(312) My max = 9f' ,whd?(1 — 0.590) My max = 9.90(30) (0.356) (300)(550)?[1 — 0.59(0.356)] My max = 536.5kN—m>M, _ singly reinforced My = 9 Rnbd? _ 0 aif wy 1- at _ 2:85(21)| 2(5.67) 312 ~ 0.85(21) p = 0.02269 M,, = 0.39 Ry (300)(550)? 463.5 x 10° = 0.9 R,(300)(550)? Ry = 5.67 MPa As = pbd 0.002269(300)(550) 3743 mm? c) Number of 25 mm bars: Number of 25-mm bars= As2s 3 = 7.63 say 8 PROBLEM 2.6 (CE MAY 2009) A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and total depth of 600 mm. The beam will be design to carry a factored moment of 540kN-m. This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Concrete strength f', = 28 MPa and steel yield strength f, = 248 MPa. Solve using the strength design method. a) Determine the balanced steel ratio in percent. b) Determine the minimum effective depth of the beam using a steel ratio p equal to 0.5 of balanced steel ratio. c) Determine the minimum effective depth of the beam using the maximum allowable steel ratio. SOLUTION Given: b=300 mm f'c = 28 MPa h=600 mm fy = 248 MPa M, =540kN—m By = 0.85 a) Balanced steel ratio: _ 0.85 f" ,B,600 _ 0,85(28)(0.85)600 Po ~7,(600 + f,) Po ~ 748(600 + 248) Py = 0.0577 = 5.77% b) Effective depth using p = 0.5p, p = 0.5(0.0577) = 0.0289 Phy 0.0289(248) wo-Pe gene 7 5g = 0.2556 Ry = f',0(1 — 0.590) Rp = 28(0.2556)[1 — 0.59(0.2556)] Ry, = 6.0776 MPa My = @My, = @Rp bd? 540 x 10® = 0.90(8.307)(300)d? d=491mm Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)PROBLEM 2.7 A concrete one-way slab has a total thickness of 120 mm. The slab will be reinforced with 12-mm-diameter bars with f, = 275 MPa.Concrete strengthf’, = 21 MPa. Determine the required spacing 12 mm main bar if the total factored moment acting on 1-m width of slab is 23 KN-m width of slab is 23 KN-m. Clear concrete cover is 20 mm. SOLUTION Note: Slabs are practically singly reinforced because of its small depths. N i 12mm bars i - @,@e@ @ e@ b= 1000mm Effective depth, d= 120 -20-1/2(12) = 94 mm Width, b = 1000 mm My = YRp bd? 23 x 10° = 0.90 Ry (1000)(94)? Rn = 2.892 0.85/" 2R, p= 285Fe(, fp PR fy 0.85f", o8s(2t)/,_ |, _ 22.982) 275 ~ f° 0.85(21) This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)0.75 x 0.85/',8,600 = ——————_ = 0.0284 Pmax F,(600 + fy) 0,028: 14 Pmin = = 0.00509 fy Ag = phd A, = 0.1154(1000)(94) As = 1085 mm? Spacing of bars (for walls and slabs using unit width): b 1000 sea s N Ay 050% - As Eq. 2-17 T 2 _ 10004, _ 1000 x 7 (12) A, = 7085 s=100mm PROBLEM 2.8 A 2.8 m square column fooring has a total thickness of 47 mm. The factored moment at critical section for moment is 640 kN-m. Assume f', = 21 MPa and f, = 275 MPa. Clear concrete cover is 75 mm. Determine the required number of 20 mm tension bars. SOLUTION Effective depth, d=470-75-1/2(20) = 385 mm Width, b =2800 mm Design strength, M,, = 640 kN —m Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Maximum and minimum requirements: 0.85/'ch1600 Fy(eo0efyy 00284 Pmax = 0.75 x My max = 2528kN —m (Procedure is not shown anymore see Problem 2.2) As min = a = 5488 mm? Singly reinforced: M, = gR,, bd? 640 x 10° = 0.90R,, (2800)(385)2 R, = 1.713 MPa _ 0.85f", 1-2 fy 0.85f", 0.85(21) 2(1.713 pay fy SE 275 0.85(21) p = 0.00656 A,=pbd Ag = 0.00656(2800)(385) As = 7074. mm? > Amin Number of 20 mm bars: As y= 2074 A, Tt Ap (20) N = 22.5 say 23 bars This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)PROBLEM 2.9 Design a rectangular beam reinforced for tension only to carry a dead load moment of 60 kN-m (including its own weight) and a live load moment of 48 KN- m. Use f', = 20.7 MPa and f, = 276 MPa. SOLUTION Required strength: M,, = 14M, +1.7M, M,, = 1.4(60) + 1.7(48) M, = 165.6 kN —m (Note: this already includes the weight of beam) _ 0.85f" 1600 _ 0,85(20.7)(0.85)(600) Po =F, (600 + fy) Po ~~ 976(600 + 276) Pp = 0.0371 14 Pmin = — = 0.00507 fy Try p = 60% py Note: this is the author's suggestion p = 0.6(0.0371) = 0.02226 Phy 0.02226(276) On ~~ 307 @ = 0.2968 Ry = f', o(1 — 0.590) R,, = 20.7(0.2968)[1 — 0.59(0.2968)] Ry = 5.068 Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)My = @ Ry ba? 165.6 x 10° = 0,90(5.068)bd? bd? = 36.296 x 10°mm? Tryd=1.75b b=228 mm say 230 mm d=399 say 30 mm Ay = phd = 0.02226(230)2(400) 2.049 mm? Summary: b = 230 mm d=400mm Ag = 2,049 mm? PROBLEM 2.10 Design a singly reinforced rectangular beam for a 6-m simple span to support a superimposed dead load of 29 kN/m and a live load of 44 kN/m. Assume normal weight concrete with = a Use Pmaxf'c = 34 MPa, and fy = 345 MPa. SOLUTION Weight of beam: (this is the author's assumption) Assuming a 300 mm x 600 mm, W_b = 24 x (0.3 0.6) = 4.32KN/m W, =14W, + 17W, W, = 1.4 (29 + 4.32) + 1.7(44) W, = 121.448 kN/m Wy? 2 My = M,, = 2282) 8 8 M, = 546.516 KN —m = 0.85 005 o.g21 Br = 085 — 73435) = © __ 0.85 fre61600 _ 0,85(34)(0.821)(600) _ Po = 5600+ fy) > = 345 (6004345) Pp = 0.04369 This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)P= Pmax = 0.75 (0.04369) p = 0.03277 > pmin 7 Pmin = af, = 0.00423 since f', > 31.36 MPa y Phy o= 0.03277(345) @ = 0332 fle 34 Ry = f' (1 — 0.56 w) Ry, = 34(0.332)[1 — 0.59(0.332)] R, = 9.087 MPa Assume d=1.75b (this is the author's assumption) My = @ Ry bd? 546.516 x 10° = 0.90(9.087)(b)(1.75b) b = 279.4mm & d = 489 mm Use b = 280 mm, d = 490 mm Minimum beam the thickness (Section 409.6.2.1) hhmin = = (0.4-+ h, = (04+ 3) min 16\°" * 700 min "16 700. Rnin = 335 mm OK Ay = pbd A, = 0,03277(280) (490) Ag = 4496 mm? Using 32 mm bars (#100): Ay 4496 N Ap 732)? N = 5.6 say 6 bars Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)| 280 mm h = 490 + (25) + 32 +20 h = 554.5 mm > Min Beam weight = 24 (0.28)(0.5545) Beam weight = 3.73 kN/m < 4.32(OK) PROBLEM 2.11 A propped cantilever beam shown in Figure 2.6 is made of reinforced concrete having a width of 290 mm overall depth of 490 mm. The beam is loaded with uniform dead load of 35 kN/m (including its own weight), and a uniform live load of 55 kN/m. Given f', = 24MPa,f, = 415 MPa.Concrete cover is 60 mm from the centroid of the bars. Determine the required tension steel area for maximum positive moment. Assume El=constant. This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)430 mm Figure 2.6 SOLUTION Given: f'c = 24MPa fy = 415 MPa fyn = 275 MPa b=290mm H =490mm d' =60mm Wp =35kN/m W, = 55 kN/m d = 490 — 60 = 430 mm W, = 1.4Wp + 1.7 W, W,, = 14 (35) + 1.7 (55) W, = 142.5 kN/m Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Ma Moment Diagram Mg Solve for moment reactions using the three-moment equation: fp = —142.5 (2)(1) = -285 kN —m 649% , 64135 Shots 4 GAs bo lo li Mo Lo + 2M,(Ly + Ly) + Mg Ly + 0 0+ 2M,(0+6)+ (- 285 )(6) + 0 + #25" = This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com) =0M, = —498.75kN —m Mg = Maright -489.75 = R(6)- 142.5(8)(4) R=676.875 kN Ry =W,L-R Ry = 142.5(8) — 676.875 Rg = 463.125 kN Maximum positive moment: Vp =0 W,(2+x)-R=0 142.5(2 + x) - 676.875 = 0 x=275m Mp = Ry — Ww, 22* Mp = 676.875(2.75) ~ 142.5 2752" Mp = 253.828 KN —m Solve for pM, max! _ 0.85" 1600 __ 0.85(24)(0.85)600 Po = (600 + f,) Po = ~415(600 + 415) Py = 0.0247 Pmax = 9.75 pp Pmax = 0.75 (0.0247) Pmax = 0.01852 _ Pmax fy _ 0.01852(415) ®max = fc ®max = 24 max = 0.3203 Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Ramax = f', 0(1 = 0.59 w) Rnmax = 415(0,3203)[1 — 0.59(0.3203)] Mn max = Rnb d* 6.235(290)(430)? 34.316 kN — m YMn max = 0.90(334.316) Mp max = 300.884 kN —m At a point of maximum positive moment: M, = 253.828 kN —m< @ My max (Singly reinforced) M, = oR, b a2 253.828 x 10° = .90 R,,(290)(430)2 1 = 5.26 MPa _ 0.85f". Rn “fy to fie 0.85f"¢ 0.85(24) | 26.26) ~A15 ~ 0.85(24) p = 0.01495 A,=pbd A, = 0.01495(290)(430) As = 1,864 mm? This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR BEAMS WHERE STEEL YIELDS (f5 = fy) PROBLEM 2.12(CE MAY 1999) A reinforced concrete rectangular beam with b = 400 mm and d= 720 mm is reinforced for tension only with 6-25 mm diameter bars. If f', = 21 MPa and f, = 400 MPa, determine the following: a) The coefficient of resistance R,, of the beam. b) The ultimate moment capacity of the beam. SOLUTION __0.85f" Bs © (600 + fy) _ 0,85(21)(0.85)(600) Py 400(600 + 400) Po pp = 0.02276 T As =6x 725)? = 2945 mm? 4 = 745 _ _ 4.01023 < p, (steel yields = bd P= F072) ~ Pp (steel yields) _ phy _ 0,01023(400) _ on w= = 0.195 Ry = f'c@ (1-056) — Ry = 21(0.195)[1 — 0.59(0.195)] R, = 3.62 MPa Answer M, = 9R, bd? M,, = 0.90(3.62)(400)(720)? M, = 675.67kN—m_ Answer Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)PROBLEM 2.13 A rectangular beam reinforced for tension only has b= 300 m, d = 490 mm. The tension steel area provided is 4,500 sq. mm. Determine the ultimate moment capcity of the beam in kN-m. Assume f', 27 MPa, fy = 275 MPa. SOLUTION _ 0.85f7f1600 _ 0.85(27)(0.85)(600) b “Fy(600+ fy) b ~ "275(600+275) Py = 0.02276 _ As _ _ 4,500 P= ba ~ 300(490) phy 0.0361(275) w= 3 e=—_ f'c 27 @ = 0.3118 Ry = fico (1-059 w) Ry, = 27(0.3118)[1 — 0.59(0.3118)] Ry, = 6.87 MPa My =@ Ry bd? My = 0,90(6.87)(300)(490)2 M, = 445.3 kN—m PROBLEM 2.14 A rectangular beam has b = 300 mm, d = 500 mm, A, = 3 — 25 mm, f’. = 34.2 MPa, grade 60 reinforcement (f, = 414 MPa). Calculate the design moment M,,. This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)SOLUTION 0.05 By = 0.85 ~~ (34.2 — 30) = 0.82 _ 9.85 f 761600 __ 0,85(34.2)(0.82)(600) ~ 7,(600+ fy) » = a raeooeai4 Pb = 0.03407 Po Ty 2 As = 7 asy x3 = 1473 mm? 0.00982(414) 34.2 Ry = f', o(1—0,59w) Ry = 34.2(0.1188)[1 — 0.59(0.1188)] Ry = 3.779 MPa My = Ry bd? M,, = 0.90(3.779)(300) (500)? M, = 255.11 kN—m PROBLEM 2.15 A 130-mm-thick-one-way slab is reinforced with 12-mm-diameter tension bars spaced at 110 on centers. Concrete cover is 20 mm, concrete strength f', = 21 MPa and steel yield strength f, = 275 MPa. Unit weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/m°. a) What is the ultimate moment capacity of the slab? b) If the slab is simply supported over a span of 4 m, what safe uniform live load pressure can the slab carry? Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)SOLUTION a) Consider 1 m width of slab, b = 1000 mm Effective depth: d = h — cover- 1/2 dy, d = 130-20-1/2(12)=104 mm _ 0.85 F"-B1600 _ 0,85(21)(0.85) (600) Po“ F(600+ fy ° ~~ 275(600 + 275) Pp = 0.0378 b Ag = Ay x N Ay = Ap x = 1000 A, = Faz A, = 1028 mm? _ As 1028 °=ta ? ~ To00(404) p = 0.00989 Check if the beam satisfies the minimum steel requirement on flexures: 14 Pmin = —— = 0.00509 OK fy _ 0.00989(275) oe 21 @ = 0.129 Ry = f'c@ (1-059) Ry = 21(0.129)(1 — 0.59(0.129)] Ry = 2.511 MPa My = PR, bd® M,, = 0.90(2.511) (1000) (104)? M, = 24.443 kN—m Wul2 b) My = 2 24.443 = Mu" W, = 12.222 kN/m 8 This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Dead load pressure, pp = Y¢ X thickness of concrete. Dead load pressure, pp = 23.5 x 0.13 = 3.055kPa W, =14W,+ 17, W, = 1A4(pp b) + 1.7 (p, b) 12,222 = 1.4(3.055 x 1) + 1.7(p,x 1) Pp, = 4.673 kPa PROBLEM 2.16 A rectangular beam with b = 250 mm and d = 460 m is reinforced for tension only with 3-25 mm bars. The beam is simply supported over a span of 6 m and carries a uniform dead load of 680 N/m including its own weight. Calculate the uniform live load that the beam can carry. Assume fy = 276.5 MPa and f', = 20.7 MPa. SOLUTION Ay = 3x $025)? = 1479 mm? _ 0.85 f'¢8,600 _0,85(20.7)(0.85) (600) Po =F (600 + fy) Pv = 776.5(600 + 276.5) pr = 0.03703 Ay 1.473 eb ? = 350(460) p=0.01281< p, (steel yields) Check if the beam satisfies the minimum steel requirement on flexure: 14 Pmin =—- = 0.00506 OK ty _ Phy __ 0.01281 (276.5) on @ 20.7 @w=0.171 Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)R, = f'- @(1 — 0,59w) R, = 27(0.171)[1 — 0.59(0.171)] R,, = 3.183 MPa My, = Ry bd? — My, = 0.90(3.183)(250)(460)2 M,, = 151.56 kN —m W,L? W,(6)* Mumax = > 151.56 = May" W, = 33.68 kN/m W, = 1.4Wp, + 1.7 Wy 33.68 = 1.4. (0.68) + 1.7W,, Wi =19.25kN—m PROBLEM 2.17 (CE JANUARY 2008) A reinforced concrete rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 55 mm. The beam is reinforced with six 25-mm- diameter tension bars. Steel yield f, is 415 MPa and concrete strength f'¢ is 28 MPa. a) What is the balanced steel ratio? b) What is the maximum steel area for singly reinforced? c) What is the nominal moment capacity of the beam? SOLUTION a) Balanced steel ratio: _ 0,85f'¢8,600 _ 0,85(28)(0.85)600 Po F 600+ fy) ° ~415(600 + 415) B = 0.85 py = 0.028816 2.88% b) Maximum steel area As max = Pmax bd As max = (0.75 pp) bd As max = (0.75 x 0.028816) (300)(5) As max = 3,242 mm? This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)c) Nominal moment capacity Using 6-25 mm bars: Ay = $025)? x6 = 2,945 mm? _ As 2,945 °=Fa ° ~ 300600) = p = 0.01963 < p,(tensio steel yields) Phy, _ 0.01963(415) . 28 Ry = f',@ +059) = Ry = 28(0.291)(1 — 0.59 x 0.291) Ry, = 6.7494 MPa a= = 0.291 My, = Ry bd? = M, = 6.7494(300)(500)? M,, = 506.2 KN —m PROBLEM 2.18 A 350 mm x 500 mm rectangular is reinforced for tension only with 5-28 mm bars. The beam has an effective depth of 446 mm. The beam carries a uniform dead load of 4.5 kN/m (including its own weight), a uniform live load of 3 kN/m, and concentrated dead load of P and 2P as shown in Figure 2.7. Assume f, = 414MPa,f', =34.5MPa. Calculate the following: a) The ultimate moment capacity of the section in kN-m, and b) The maximum value of P in KN. 2P P OD ZIMA ___» ta 2m | 2m 2m Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)SOLUTION 0.05 By = 0.85 ~~ (34.5 — 30) = 0.818 _ 0.85 f'¢f1600 __ 0.85(34.5) (0.818) (600) ~ fy(600+ fy) Po —~“474(6004 414) 0.03428 Po © Ag = | (28)? x5 = 3079 mm? 3079 vd P= sang = P= 0.01972 < py Steel yields p ba Check if the beam satisfies the minimum requirement: = 0,00355 _ 0.01972(414) 345 = 0.2367 Ry = f'c (1 — 0.59) = Ry = 34.5(0.2367) [1 — 0.59(0.2367)]=7.025 MPa M,, = @R, bd? = My, = 0.90(7.025)(300) (446) = 440.18 KN -m 1.4(2P) 1.4P A W, = 1.4(4.5) + 1.7(3) = 11.4kN/m Ra B Cc D 2m 2m 2m > This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Figure 2.8 — Beam with factored loads For the given loads, the maximum moment can occur at B or C: At point C: M, = 14P(2) + 11.4(2)(1) Set M, = M, 440.18 = 1.4P(2) + 11.4(2)(1) P=149kN At point B: (First solve for R4) yime =0 4R,+ 14P(2) = 2.8P(2) + 11.4(6)(1) Ry = 17.14 0.7 P > Mp test Mg = (17.14 0.7P) — 11.4(2)(1) Set Mg = My 440.18 = (17.1 + 0.7 P)(2) - 11.4(2)(1) P = 306.27 kN Thus the maximum value of P such that M,,will not exceed 440.18 kN-m is 149 KN. Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR BEAMS WHERE STEEL DOES NOT YIELDS (f; # fy) PROBLEM 2.19 A rectangular beam has b = 300 mm, d = 500 mm, A, = 6 — 32mm, f’. = 27.6 MPa, grade 60 reinforcement (f, = 414 MPa). Calculate the ultimate moment capacity of the beam. SOLUTION _ 0.85/".f,600 _ 0,85(27.6) (0.85) (600) Po=F 600+ f,) %% 414(600 +414) Pp = 0.0285 1 Ay = | (82)? x 6 = 4825 mm? _ As 4825 ~ bd ~~ 300(500) p = p = 0.03217 > py Steel does not yield b=.300 0.85 f", c=0.85 f', ab 500-a/2 T= Acfe This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)d-c 500-c fe = 600 fe = 600 > Fy =0 T=C Asfe = 085 ficab, a=B, c=085¢ (4825)600 °° = 0,85(27.6)(0.85c)(300) c? = 484c — 241,964 = 0 c= 306.2 mm f, = 600 fe = 600 223% =f = 379.65 MPa a = B,c = 0.85(306.2) a = 260.3mm a OMn = OAs fs (a - 3) 260.3 pM, = 0.90(4825) (379.65) (500 ~~) @M,, = 609.8 kN —m PROBLEM 2.20 A rectangular beam reinforced for tension only has b=300 mm, d = 490 mm. The tension steel area provided is 7-25 mm diameter bars with f, = 415 MPa. f', = 21MPa. Calculate the ultimate moment capacity of the beam. Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)SOLUTION _ 0:85 "81600 _ 0,85(21) (0.85) (600) Po“ F (600+ fy) °% ~~ 415(600 + 415) Pp = 0.02161 To, , Ay = 7 (25)?x 7 = 3436 mm? _ As _ 3436 P= oa ~ 300(490) p = 0.02337 > py Steel does not yield b=300 0.85 f", c=0.85 f', ab a x So a + i cs wenn eee n een n enna fe ne eee 490-a/2 From _y d-c 490 —c fe = 600 = f, = 600 Acf: = 0.85 f'cab, a=f, c=085¢ 490~ (3436)600 = 0.85(221)(0.85c)(300) = c = 296.24 mm This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)490 — 296.24 fe = 600 24 fs = 392.43 MPa < fy a = B,c = 0.85(392.43) a = 251.81 mm eM, =9T(d—-$) — @M, = gAsf, (a—-$) 25181) Mp, = 0.90(3436)(392.43)(490 — 7° eM, = 441.86 kN —m Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED NON-RECTANGULAR BEAMS PROBLEM 2.21 Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam shown in Figure 2.9. Assume f, = 345 MPa and f', = 21 MPa. 125,125 | 125 | 125 700mm 4-32mm @eee 375mm Figure 2.9 SOLUTION Note: This is not a rectangular beam. Some formulas derived above (such asp,pp,R,) may not be applicable. The moment can be computed using the assumptions in the Code and the conditions of equilibrium. This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)1 Ay = 5 (B2)'x4 Ag = 3217 mm* Solve for the balanced A, to determine whether the given steel yield or not. 125 125 125 From Eq. 2-11 Cy =: 600d _ _600(625) _ ase gsm C ~~ S0+f, ~o004345 mm Gy a=Byc a =0.85(396.825)= 337.3 mm - Ac = 337.3(375) — 125(125) = 110,863 mm? 625mm T=C Asp fy = 0.8f'c Ac Agp (345) = 0.85(21)(110,863) Asp = 5,736 mm? 375mm Since As providea < Asp, tension steel yields. C=T 0.85/" (ab — 125”) = Asfy 0.85(21)(a x 375 — 125) = 3,217(345) 207.5 mr Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)a 125. My = Mni~ Mz = Mn = C(d-5)-Cxa-—F) M,, = 0.85(21)(207.5)(375)(625 — 27s, My, = 567.03 kN —m gM, = 0.90(567.03) @M,, = 510.33 KN —m PROBLEM 2.22 Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam shown in Figure 2.10. Assume f, = 345MPa and f', = 21 MPa. SOLUTION us Ay = 7 (22)?x 3 Ag = 1,140 mm? Solve for Ag: £ 600d wi é =~ om | in > 600+ fy + Figure _ 600(375) > 600 + 345 Y 75 Cy = 238mm 375m ay = B,Cy ay = 0.85(238) ay = 202.4mm x 375 5 a 450 ~~ 6° This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)x = 168.7mm a ¢, Ae = 1/2(x)(@) Ac = 5x faxa=2a? a . B | 4-2/3) Ag = 17,066 mm? x. ---|% < aisla T=Cc 7 —_ Asp fy = 0.85f'cAc " T Asp (345) = 0.85(21)(17,066) 375m Asp = 883 mm? < Ay SiNC€As proviaea > Asp, tension steel does not yield (f, < fy) solve for c: Co=T — 0.85f'cAc = Ash = 600 ~—£0.g5(21) © 2 = 1140x600 4—* Be e. 27 * ¢ 375-¢ c a=f,c —7.437(0.85c)? = 684,00 c = 250.92 mm a=f,c a =0,85(250.92) = 213.3 mm 2 , 2 My = Cox (a -52) = 0.85f" A. (a -52) 5 2 M, = 0.85(21) $5 (213.29)? x [37s -$(213.)] Mp = 78.77 KN —m @Mp, = 0.90 x 78.77 = 70.89 kN —m Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)PROBLEM 2.23 A hallow beam is shown in Figure 2.11. Assume f', = 28 MPa and f, = 345 MPa. a) Calculate the required tension steel area when M,, = 800kN — m. b) What is the balanced moment capacity of the beam? ¢) What is the maximum steel area under singly reinforced condition? d) What is the maximum design moment strength under singly reinforced condition? e) Calculate the required tension steel area when M,, = 1200kN — m. <—_——___——_>| 2, 20 1235 Figure 2.11- E Hallow beam 3 8 f§ |eeee * 5mm SOLUTION To guide us whether “a: will exceed 150 mm or not, let us solve the design moment when a=150 mm. d = 800-75 = 725mm This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)PM, = gCc(d—5) gM, = 0.90 x 0.85(28)(150) (725 - =") gM, = 1044.225 kN —m a) M, = 800kN—m Since the required M,, = 800 kN —m < 1044.25 kN —m,a < 150mm. Assuming tension steel yields: a. My = @Mn My = @Cc(d-5) My, = 90.85f', a b(d =) 800 x 10° = 0.90 x 0.85(28)a(500)(725 — 0.5a) a= 111.6mm < 150mm Check is steel yields: d-c a fe = 600 where ¢ = — = 131.3 mm c Bi = 600 728 ~ 1312 _ oo MP L yield: f= 600 I = 2, a> f, steel yields T=C Asfy = 0.85f'-ab A, (345) = 0.85(28)(111.6)(500) Ag = 3,850 mm? b) Balanced condition (See Figure 2.12) — 600d, _ 600(725) _ 4. 49 >= S00+f “6004345 0m a=B,Cy a = 0.85(460.32) = 391.3 mm Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)72! zZ=a-150 = 241.27 mm A, = 500(150) = 75,000 mm? yy = 725 = 650mm ~ 2150) A, = 125(241.27) = 30,159 mm? 1 Yo =725—-150—- W242 = 454,37 Mon = Ci V1 + 2Coy2 Myn = 0.85f',(Ary1 + 2422) Myn = 0.85(28)[75,000 x 650 + 2 x 30,159 x 454.37] Myn = 1812.52kN —m @M,, = 0.90 x 1812.52 = 1631.3 kN -—m 500m C, 8 4 A a 20, " Y2 T Figure 2.12 This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)¢) qd) e) Maximum steel area, As max T=C,+ Asp fy = 0.85f" (Ax + 2A2) Asp (345) = 0.85(28)(75,00 + 2 x 30,159) Agp = 9,335 mm? Asmax = 0.75 Ash As max = 0-75(9,335) As max = 7,001 mm? Maximum moment , My max: Refer to Figure 2.12: C+Q=T 0.85 (28)[75,000 + 2A,] = 7,001(245) Az = 13,244 mm? A, =125z 13,244 =125z Z= 105.95 mm = 725-291 = 522.03 wee 2005.95) 3mm Mn max = C1 + V1 + 2Cay2 = 0.85f",(Aiy1 + 2A2¥2) Mp max = 0.85(28)[75,00 x 650 + 2 x 13,244 x 522.03] Mn max = 1489.34 kN —m fn ma: @My max = 9.90 x 1189.34 = 1340.4 kN —m M,, = 1200kN — m < @My max (Singly reinforced) Refer to Figure 2.12 A, = 75,000 mm” y1 = 650mm Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Az = 125z V2 = 575-052 M, = 9M, 1200 x 10° = 0.90 x 0.85 f".(A, yy + 2A Yo) 1200 x 106 = 0.90 x 0.85(28)[75,000(650) + 2(125z)(575 — 0.5z)] z= 53.04mm Ac = Ay + Az A, = 75,000 + 2 x 125(53.04) Ac = 88,259.2 mm? T=C As fy = 0.85f'cAc A,(345) = 0.85(28)(88,259.2) Ag = 6,089 mm? This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)BEAM DEFLECTION PROBLEM PROBLEM 2.24 Areinforced concrete beam is 350 mm wide and 600 mm deep. The beam is simply supported over a span of 8 m and carries a uniform dead load of 11 kN/m including its own weight and a uniform live load of 15 kN/m. The beam is reinforced tension bars of 530 mm. f', = 20.7 MPa, f, = 344.8 MPa, f, = 2.832 MPA. Modulus of elasticity of concrete E, = 21,650 MPa and E, = 200 GPa. a) Calculate the maximum instantaneous deflection due to service loads. b) Calculate the deflection for the same loads after five years assuming that 40% of the live load is sustained. SOLUTION b=350mm b=350mm A fF E Cc Figure 2.13 3 E nH 2 u 8 --Y. 5 S 0 < d-c 6-25 mm nA, = 27,208 } Vv v Cracked section for Iy, Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Effective moment of inertia, I,: | Eq. 2-19 Mer\* Mer\* (a) lot 1-Ge) fer $ Ig Ig = moment of inertia of gross section le 1,
ler = Ina = + nA,(d —c)* _ 350(219.7) cr 3 + 27,208(530 — 219.7)? Ter = 3,857 x 10° mm3 I, =" , 600 x 10° + ]1 Saa72y° 3,857 x 10° a 208) * * (oe) |= * I, = 3,914 x 10°mm* | ca —EE Gross Section Cracked Section 1=0.0138 1=0.0057377-* y=194 mm AT MIDSPAN y=107 mm This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)1 202 kN-m 202 kN-m SOLUTION E, = 4700Jf", = 4700V17.2 = 19,492 MPA fr = 0.70,/f", = 0.7 VI7.2 = 2.903 MPa a) Effective moment of inertia at the supports Maximum moment, M,, = 202kN —m Distance from NA of gross section to extreme tension fiber, Y, = 310 mm Moment of inertia of gross section, I, = 0.00715 m* Moment of inertia of cracked section, I, = 0.00573 m* _ frlg _ 2.903(0.00715 x 10004) Moy =" Mey = SOMONE Mey = 66.959 kN —m Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com|b, 66.959" 66.959)* le = (== ) x o.o0715 + 1-( — ) x0,00573 I, = 0.0057817 m* Effective moment of inertia for the continuous member — CeJmaxpos ment + (le)maxneg moment Te 3 (Sect. 409.6.2.4) At maximum negative moment (at support) I, = 0.0057817 m* Solving for 1, at maximum positive moment (at midspan) Ig = 0.0138 m* Y; = 620-194 = 246mm (bottom fibers in tension) Ter = 0.00513 m* = fla Mey = 22 Moy _ 2,903(0,00715 x 1000") i 310 Mey = 66.959 kN —m _ Mer)! (te = (Ge) s+ [8 Gee) [lo 1, —Mledmaxposment + (le)maxnea moment p, = Ledmaxposment + (TeJmaxneg moment 2 L= 0.0057817 + 0.007932 , = 210057817 + 0.007932 2 This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com) = 0.006857 m*¢) Additional long term deflection= long term deflection x A __§ A= Ty 0p p' = 0(since there is no compression reinforcement at midspan) & = 2(after 5 years) Solving for the instantaneous deflection under sustained loading: Instantaneous deflection = 5mm (given) Instantaneous loading = 16 kN/m + 32 kN/m Instantaneous loading = 48 kN/m Sustained loading = 16 + 20%(32) Sustained loading = 22.4 kN/m Sine deflection is directly proportional to the load: 5, = 2.33m Additional long term deflection = 2.333 x A =2.333 x 2 Additional long term deflection = 4.67 mm Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)ONE WAY SLAB PROBLEMS Problem 2.36 Design a one-way slab having a simple span 3 m. The slab is to carry a uniform live load of 7,500 Pa. Assume f’, = 27.6 MPa and f, = 276 MPa for main and temperature bars. The slab is not exposed to earth or weather. Use unit weight of concrete y, = 23.5 kM/m3. SOLUTION Consider 1 m strip of slab, b= 1000 m Uniform live load, w, = 7.5 KPax1m=7.5kN/m Minimum slab thickness from Table 2.1: L fy _ 3000 276 hmin = 5 (04+) hnin = 20" (0.4 + 28) Rmin = 119 mm (use 120 mm) 10 mm temp. bpes B= 1000 mm 102mm main Yérs over + q, /2 This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Effective depth: 120-20 mm (covering)-1/2 bar diameter (12mm) d=94mm Weight of slab: Wz = Yeone Xb xh W, = 23.5 (1)(0.12) W, = 2.82 kN/m Factored floor pressure load: W, = 1.4w, + 1.70, W, = 1.4(2.82) + 1.7(7.5) W, = 16.698 kN/m Wl? 16.698(3)2 My = M,= ener 2 M,, = 18.785 kN —m M,, = @R, b d? 18.785 x 10° = 0.90 R,,(1000) (94)? Ry, = 2.362 MPa 0.85/" R, p= Fels tye a b 0.85f", 0.85(27.6) 1 2(2.362) e376 85(27.6) p = 0.009039 Check for pmin aNd Pmax: 14 Pmin =—— = 0.00507. OK fy _ 0,75 0.85f'-,600 _ 0.75 0.85(27.6)(0.85) 600 Pmax = F600 + fy) Pmax = 976 (600 + 276) Pmax = 0.037 > 0.009309 (OK) Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)A, = phd A, = 0.009039(1000)(94) A, = 850 mm? per meter width of slab Using 12-mm main bars: Avar 4 x 1000 Spacing s = 138 mm say 135mm Maximum spacing required by the Code: a) 3(h) = 3(120) = 360 mm OK b) 450mm Thus, use 12 mm main bars at 135 mm o.c. Temperature bars: (Grade 275) A, = 0.002bh A, = 0.002(1000)(120) A, = 240 mm? Zao? Spacing = 4°" x 1000 5 = 2 +1000 ‘As 740 Ss = 327 mm say 325 mm Maximum spacing required by the Code: a) 5h = 5(120) = 600mm b) 450 mm OK Thus, use 10 mm temperature bars at 325 mm o.c. This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)42 mm main bars @ 325 mmo. 10 mm temperature bars @ 825 mm o.c. PROBLEM 2.27 Design a one-way slab to carry a service live load of 4000 Pa. The slab has a length of 4m with both ends continuous. Assume f', = 21 MPa and fy = 415 MPa for main bars and f, = 276 MPa for temperature bars. Steel cover is 20 mm. Unit weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/m3. SOLUTION Consider 1 m strip, b = 1000 mm Uniform live load, w, = 4 kpax 1m = 4kN/m Minimum slab thickness from Table 2.1: L 4000 Amin = 3g Rmin = Je Rnin = 143 mm (use 150 mm) Weight of beam (DL): Wp = Yeone x bx h Wp = 23.5(1)(0.15) Wp = 3.525 kPa Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Wy = 1.4 Wy + 14, Wy = 1.4(3.525) + 1.7(4) Wy = 11.735 kN/m Maximum factored moment, Section 408.4 (See Page 29) LL<3DL Column Column Column Ly Ly I< > K >| wl, 1.15w1,/2 1.18w1,/2 nf Shear wy /14 w Lt /16 w Ly? /14 aaa _ AS Nai —w Ly /16 —w L,2 /10 —w 1,2 /10 0,0021 Pmin = Use p = Pmin = 0.00337 A, = phd Ag = 0.00337(1000)(124) Ag = 418 mm? . _ Asp _ 2) Spacing, s = ae 1000 = s ae x1000 s =271 say 270mm Maximum spacing required by the Code: a) 3h =3(150) = 450mm b) 450 mm Thus, use 12 mm bottom bars at 270 mm o.c. at midspan At support: 2 2 — Waln _ 11.735(4) Mu =~ 79 Mu = 10 M,, = 18.776 kN —m My, = Ry bd? = 18.776 x 10° = 0.90R,,(1000)(124)? R, = 1.357 MPa Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)_ 0.85f"' 1—2Rn 0. 85(21) |, _ 2(1.357) Ff 1 | O85F. ~~AS ~ 0.85(21) Pmax = 0.0034 > Pmin = 9.75 85F'B1600 = 9.75 2:85(21)(0.85)600 Pmax =“! (600 + fy) Pmax ="! “475 (600 + 415) Pmax = 0.0162 > 0.0034 Use p = 0.034 Ay = phd Ay = 0.0034(1000) (124) Ay = 422 mm? nay Spacing, s =“ x 1000 2" «1000 422 Spacing = 268 say 265 mm Thus, use 12 mm top bars @ 265 mm o.c. at support Temperature bars (10 mm): (p, = 0.002) A; = 0.002bh = A; = 0.002(1000)(150) A, = 300 mm? Fao? Spacing, s=“* x1000 = s= pee 1000 s = 261 say 260 mm This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Maximum spacing required by the Code: a) 5h = 5(150) = 750 mm b) 450 mm Thus, use 10 mm temperature bars @ 260 mm o.c. r 10 mm temperature | bars @ 260 mm o.c. Fo GRE Be, Gre A A | 12 mm main bars, @ 265 mmo.c. u/4 u/2 4 PROBLEM 2.28 A one-way slab having a simple span of 3 mis 160 mm thick. The slab is reinforced with 12 mm tension bars (f, = 275 MPa) spaced at 140 mm o.c. Steel covering is 20 mm. Calculate the uniform live load pressure that a slab can carry. Use f', = 20.7 MPa. Unit weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/n3. SOLUTION Consider 1 m strip of slab, b = 1000 m Downloaded by Marlin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com) na mmDead load: = wa=y-bh Wa = 23.5(1)(0.16) .76 kN —_m Effective depth: d= 160-20 - 1/2(12) d= 134mm Steel area, As =“ x A, = A=W x 212)" A, = 807.8 mm? Ay 8078 P= ba ~ * ~ 70000834) p = 0.006028 0.85" -B1600 0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600) Po = = =— seen RL DTEY 7,600+f,) — ° ~~~ 275(600 + 275) Py = 0.037 > p (steel yields) _ py _ 0,006028(275) a FOF 20.7 =f’, 0.590) = Ry = 20.7(0.0801)[1 — 0.59(0.0801)] Ry = 158 MPa M,=@R, bd? — M, = 20.7(0.0801)[1 — 0.59(0.0801)] My, = 25.5334 kN —m wl? On 8 w= 22.696 kN/m wy =14Wp, +17 wy = 22.696 = 1.4(3.76) +1.7 wz, wy, = 10.25 kN/m wi = Uniform pressure x b 10.25 = Uniform pressure x 1 Uniform live load pressure = 10.25 kPa This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Solved Problems Using 2010 NSCP PROBLEM 2.29 A reinforced concrete beam has width of 310 mm and an effective depth of 490 mm. f', = 30 MPa, f, = 415 MPa. Determine the following: a) The balanced steel area b) The maximum steel area for singly reinforced condition c) The maximum design strength if the beam is singly reinforced d) The required steel area if the beam is subjected to dead load moment of 120 kN-m and live load moment of 170 kN-m. SOLUTION Since f', > 28 MPa; 0.05 0.05 Bi = 0.85 -——(f",- 28) By = 0.85 ~~ (30 — 28) B, = 0.836 a) Balanced steel area: _ 0,85f' 8,600 __ 0.85(30)(0.836) (600) Po = f,(600 + fy) Po ~—~“415(600 + 415) Pr = 0.03036 Asp = Pp bd Asp = 0.03036(310)(490) Agy = 4,611 mm? b) Maximum steel area when beam is singly reinforced: _ 3 085/" Bs From Eq. 2-24: Pmax = 5p fy __ 3 0.85(30)(0.836) Pmax = 7 “415(600+415) Pmax = 0.0221 Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Asmax = Pmax b d As max = 0.0221 (310) (490) As max = 3,343 mm? c) Maximum design strength, @My max: € 0.004, f, = 800 MPa From Eq. 2-25: Mn max = = Bif', ba 51 3 My max = Fg (0-836) (30)(310)(490)?(1 — =F x 0.836) Mn max = 558.05 KN —m From Eq. 2-26: » = 0.65 + 0.25 ae 9 = 0.65 + 0.25 St g = 0.8145 9Mn max = 0-8145(558.05) @Mn max = 454.55 KN —m d) My = 1.2Mp + 1.6 M, M,, = 1.2(120) + 1.6(170) M, = 451.45 kN —m Thus, the beam is singly reinforced. Determine if the beam is tension-controlled: _ 459 From Eq. 2-22: ~Mm =~ Bif', bd?(1— =f) @Min, = 451.45 kN —m Since the required M,,is less than Mrp, the section is tension controlled. p = 0.90 This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)M, = 9M, M,, = 9x 0.85 f',ab a@-) a. 416 x 10° = 0.90 x 0.85(30)(a)(310)(490 — 5) a = 139.06 mm Check if it is really tension-controlled: _@ _ 139.06 jo °~B 0836. mm - = 600 2 = 609 490 = 1664 _ 1 167 mp f= | 1664. ~~ o > 1,000 MPa (OK) PROBLEM 2.30 Given the following data for a rectangular beam: width b = 320mm, effective depth d = 520mm, f', = 27 MPa, f, = 345 MPa. Dead load moment Mp) =180kN—m, Live load moment M, =167kN— m. Determine the required tension steel area. SOLUTION B = 0.85 My = 1.2 Mp + 1.6 M, M,, = 1.2(180) + 1.6(167) M,, = 483.2 kN —m Solve for ~My, maxto determine if compression steel area is required. Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Ma max = veh oa (1-¥p) 3 Mn max = a = (0.85)(27)(320)(520)? (2 -5 0.85) Mn max = 591.64 kN —m g = 0.65 + 0.25 1000-fy @Mp max = 487.31 kN —m > My (singly reinforced) Solve for pM,,to determine if the section is tension-controlled. 459 2 -—-— = — OM, = = Bf ebd (1-3 a) 478.9 kN —m Since M,, > ~My, the section is within “transition region’, i.e 0.65

1,000 MPa The section is tension-controlled, p = 0.90 M, = C,(d—a/2) = M, =0.85f',ab (d—a/2) M,, = 0.85(21)(122.28) (280) (480 — 122.28/2) M,, = 255.87 kN —m gM, = 0.90(255.87) gM,, = 230.28 kN —m b) A, = 4x Ay = 1963 mm? _ A, _ 1963 =F ~ 280(480) p = 0.014961 < py (steel yields) Cc=T 0.85f' TaocaRD) = 902557 > Py (stel does not yield) The section is compression-controlled, p = 0.65 T=C As fy = 0. 85f'. ab 3436 x 600 8 c ¢ = 297.56 mm a= fic = 252.92 mm 0,85(21)(0.85c)(280) My = C.)d — a/2) = My, = 0.85f",ab (d — a/2) My, = 0.85(21)(252.92)(280)(480 — 252.92/2) Mp, = 0.65(446.91) Mp, = 290.49 kN —m Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)PROBLEM 2.32 A hallow beam is shown in Figure 2.16. Assume f', = 28 MPa and f, = 345 MPa. a) Calculate the required tension steel area when M,, = 800 kn —m b) What is the balanced moment capacity of the beam? ¢) What is the maximum steel area under singly reinforced condition? d) What is the maximum design moment strength under singly reinforced condition? e) Calculate the required tension steel area when M,, = 1200 kN — m. 500 mm iF 250 5 4 500. x q See Re) 0 750m Figure 2.16 - Hallow beam SOLUTION This problem is the same as Problem 2.23. d= 800-75 =725mm This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)To guide us whether “a” will exceed 150 mm or not, let us solve the design moment when a =150 mm. a c= = 17647 mm By d-—c f; = 600 ia 1,865 MPa >1000MPa_ Tension controls, g = 0.90 QM, = pCe(d —a/2) = 0.90 x 0.85(28)(150)(500)(725 — 150/2) gM, = 1044.225 kN —m a) M, = 800 kN —m Since the required M,, = 800 kN — m < 1044.225 kN —m,a < 150 mm. My = 9M, = 9C,(d — a/2) M, = 90.85f",a b(d — a/2) 800 x 10° = 0.90 x 0.85(28)a(500)(725 — 0.5a) a= 111.6 mm < 150mm Stress in steel . d-c a f = 600 ——* where c === 131.3mm - By = 600 5 1312 42 MP hyield fr = 600 Sarg = 2712 MPa > fy steel yields Te Ce Agfy = 0.85f", ab A, (345) = 0.85(28)(111.6)(500) A, = 3,850 mm? b) Balanced condition: p = 0.65 Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)600d _ 600(725) C, = ——_- = = >” 600+ fy > 600 + 345 = 460.32 mm a= icy = a = 0.85(460.32) = 391.3 mm 25 ns 1 z=a-150 =241.27mm Figure 2.17 A; = 500(150) = 75,000 mm? yy = 725 — 1/2(150) = 650mm Ay = 125(241.27) = 30,159 mm? y, = 725 — 150 — 1/2(241.27) = 454.37 Mon = Crys + 2Coy2 Mpyn = 0.85f' (Ary: + 2Azy2) Mpn = 0.85(28)[75,000 x 650 + 2 x 30,159 x 454.37] Mpyn = 1812.52 kN — m QMyp, = 0.65 x 1812.52 QMyn = 1178.14 kN —m This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)c) Maximum steel area, As max Refer to Figure 2.17 3 Cmax = 5 4 = 310.71 mm @ = BiCmax = 264.11 mm z=a-150= 114.11 mm A, = 500(150) = 75,000 mm? y, = 725 —1/2(150) = 650 mm 25(114.11) = 14,263 mm? Yo = 725 — 150 — 1/2(114.11)=517.95 T=Q4+Q Asmaxfy = 0.85 f' (Ai + 242) As max(345) = 0.85(28)[75,000 x 650 + 2 x 14,263] As max = 7,142 mm? d) Maximum moment, My max: Mn max = C191 + 2C2 Yo My max = 0.85f"¢ + (sys + 2A2y2) M, 0,85(28)[75,000 x 650 + 2 x 14,263 x 517.95] Mn max = 1511.9 kN —m 800 — f, g = 0.65 +0.25 1000 = f, = 0.824 Mn max = 0.824 x 1511.9 Mn max = 1245.3 kN —m e@) M, = 1200 KN —m < @My max (singly reinforced) Refer to Figure 2.17 My = PO.B5f' (Ary: + 2A2y2) Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)fet fy d-c 9 = 0.65 +025 To99 fz = 600 —— 725 = 0.65 + 0.25 oe 348 _ 166.03 | 9 2993 ee” " 1000-345. ~~ " — 150 = 0.85¢ — 150 z= Az = 125z = 106.25c — 18,750 Yo = 725 — 150 — 1/22=575-1/2(0.85c-150) Y2 = 650 — 0.425 My = 90.85f" (Aiy1 + 242¥2) 166.03 1200 x 106 = ( + 0.2893) 0,85(28)[75,000](650) + 2(106.25c — 18,750)(650 — 0.425c)] c = 398.7 mm _ 166.03 ? = 3987 + 0.2893 = 0.706 Az = 106.25(398.7) — 18,750 = 23,615 mm? T=C Asfy = 0.85f',(Ay + 2A) A,(345) = 0.85(28)(75,000 + 2 x 23,615) Ag = 8,432 mm? PROBLEM 2.33 Design a singly reinforced rectangular beam to carry dead load moment of 110 kN-m (including self weight) and live load moment of180 kN-m. This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Use steel ratio p = 0.65p, and take d = 1.9b. Assume f, = 276 MPa and fc = 21 MPa. SOLUTION My = 1.2 Mp + 1.6 M, M, = 1.2(110) + 1.6(180) M, = 420 KN —m 0.85 -f,600 4 Py = = 0.03765 Note: B; = 0.85 since f', < 28 MPa ~~ fy (600 + f,) p = 0.65 py = 0.02447 Phy = 0.322 c Ry = f',w(1 — 0.59 w)] = 5.473 MPa 600d 6 S004 Cy = 0.685d Note: For singly reinforced rectangular beam, p is directly proportional to c. Thus, c = 0.65 cy c= 0.445d = 600 4=E = 600 4204454 f= c f= 0.445d fs = 747.7 MPa < 1000 MPa "transition" _ h—-fy _ 747.7 — 276 g = 0.65 + 0.25 [000 - f g = 0.65 + 0.25 [000 ~ 276 gy = 0.813 Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)M,, = Ry, bd? 420 x 10° = 0,813(5.473)(b)(1.9b)? b=297mm d=19b = 564mm A, = phd Ag = 0.02447(297)(564) Ag = 4,1000 mm? PROBLEM 2.34 Repeat Problem 2.33 using a steel ratio p = 0.5pp SOLUTION M, = 420kN —m Pp = 0.03765 p = 0.5py = 0.01883 w= Phy oy — 0.59w) = 4.438 MPa fc = 000d C, = 0.685d >” 600 + fy a c= 0.5cy = 0.34247 d = 600 oe = 600g 0342474 Be c f= 0.324247d f; = 1152 MPa > 1000 MPa,g = 0.90 M,, = 9 Ry, b d2= 420 x 106 = 0.90(5.473)(b)(1.9b)2 b= 308mm d=19b = 585mm A, = phd A, = 0.01883(308)(585) A, = 3,390 mm? This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)SUPPLEMENTARY PROBLEMS PROBLEM 2.35 A rectangular beam has b = 250 mm,d = 350 mm, f, = 414 MPa, f', = 20.7 MPa. Determine (a) the maximum design moment if the beam is singly reinforced and (b) the required steel area if the beam is required to carry a dead load moment of 50 kN-m and a live load moment of 30 KN-m. Use the 2001 NSCP. Answer: @) 9M max = 148.3 kNm b) Ag = 1075 mm? PROBLEM 2.36 Repeat Problem 2.35 using the 2010 NSCP. Answer: @) PMy max = 130.8kN —m b) A, = 1056 mm? PROBLEM 2.37 Design a rectangular beam reinforced for tension only carry dead load moment of 85 kN-m (including its estimated weight) and a live load of 102 kN-m. Use p = 0.6p,and use d= 1.75b. Assume f, = 276 MPa and f', = 28 MPa. Use the 2001 NSCP Answer: b = 250 mm,d = 436 mm, A, = 3,273 mm? PROBLEM 2.38 Repeat Problem 2.37 using the 2010 NSCP. Answer : b = 246 mm, d = 430 mm, A, = 3182 mm? Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)PROBLEM 2.39 A reinforced concrete beam has the following properties: Use 2001 NSCP) beam with, b = 320mm effective depth, d = 640 mm concrete strength, f’. = 25MPa reinforcing steel, f, = 400 MPa reinforcing steel modulus, E, = 200,000 MPa service dead load moment 350 = kN —m a) If the beam is to be designed for a balanced condition, find the required area of steel area reinforcement, design balanced moment, and the corresponding service live load moment. b) Find the maximum steel area, the maximum design moment, and the corresponding service live load moment if the beam is to be designed as singly reinforced. Answer: a) Asy = 5,549 mm?2, pM, = 952.44,M, = 272kN—m b) As max = 4,162 mm?, @ My max = 775.46, M, = 168kN—m PROBLEM 2.40 Repeat Problem 2.39 using the 2010 NSCP. Answer: a) 5,549 mm?, pM, = 687.87 KN —m,M, = 167.42 kN —m b) As max = 3,963 mm?, @Mn max = 677,7M; = 161 kN —m PROBLEM 2.41 Calculate the ultimate moment capacity of a rectangular beam with b = 350mm, d=450mm,A,=5—25mm. Assume f', = 24 MPa. fy = 345 MPa. Use 2001 NSCP. Answer: pMpy = 366.2 kN —m PROBLEM 2.42 Repeat Problem 2.41 using the 2010 NSCP. Answer: pM, = 366.2 kN —m This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)PROBLEM 2.43 Calculate the ultimate moment capacity of a rectangular beam with b = 350 mm, d = 540mm, A, = 7—28mm. Assume f', = 24 MPa, f, = 345 MPa. Use 2010 NSCP. Answer: ~My, = 582.9 kN —m PROBLEM 2.44 Repeat Problem 2.43 using the 2010 NSCP. Answer: My, = 514.3 KN —m PROBLEM 2.45 Calculate the ultimate moment capacity of a rectangular beam with b = 300mm, d=500mm, A, =9-28mm?. Assume f', = 34MPa, f, = 414 MPa. Use 2010 NSCP Answer: ~My, = 729.6 kN —m PROBLEM 2.46 Repeat Problem 2.45 using the 2010 NSCP. Asnwer: ~My, = 522.5 kN —m Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)SOLVED PROBLEMS IN T-BEAMS USING 2001 NSCP PROBLEM 3.1 Determine the effective flange with for symmetrical T-beam with a span of 6 m. The beam width of web is 250 mm, the slab thickness is 120 mm, and the clear distance to adjacent beams is 3m. SOLUTION For symmetrical T-beam, the effective flange width is the smallest of: 1. 1/4 span = 6000/4 = 1500 mm 2. 16t + by = 16(120) + 250 = 2170 mm 3. clear spacing of beams + by = 3000 + 250 = 3250 mm Therefore by = 1500 mm PROBLEM 3.2 Given the following elements of a T-beam: Flange width, by = 1200 mm Concrete strength f', = 30 MPa Flange thickness, t = 130 mm Steel strength, f, = 345 MPa Width of web, by = 290mm Effective depth, d = 470 mm If the beam is reinforced for tension only, determine the ultimate moment capacity when the depth of compression concrete flange equals the flange thickness or a = t. SOLUTION My, = 0.8 f'e by a(d — 9/2) Whena=t Eq. 3-5 M,, = 0.85 f’, bpt(d — ¢/2) 180 Myn, = 0.85(30)(120)(130)(470 — >) Myn = 1611 KN —m @ My = 0.90 x 1611 = 1450 kn—m This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)PROBLEM 3.3 Given the following elements of a T-beam: Flange width, by = 900 mm Concrete strength f', = 20.7 MPa Flange thickness, t = 110m Steel strength, fy = 414 MPa Width of web, by = 310 mm Effective depth, d = 460 mm If the beam is reinforced for tension only, determine the following: a) The balanced steel area b) The nominal and ultimate balanced moment capacity c) The maximum steel area d) The nominal and ultimate maximum moment capacity SOLUTION B, = 0.85 since f’, is less than 30 MPa a) Balanced condition _ 600d _ 600(460) >” 600+ fy > 600 + 414 Cy = 272.2mm a=B,c a = 0.85(272.2) a=231.4mm>t by = 900mm 4 =250 Figure 3.3 Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)z=a-—t=1214mm Ay = by x t = 900(110) = 99,000 mm? Ag = by xz = 310(121.4) = 37,622 mm? Acy = Ay + Ay = 136,622 mm? T=Qt+ Asp fy = 0.85 f",( Ay + Az) Asp (414) = 0.85(20.7)99,000 + 37,622) Asp = 5,806 mm? = balanced steel area yy =d-t/2 = 405mm y, =d—t—2/2 = 2893 mm Mpn = Cz Vi + Co V2 Myn = 0.85 f'.C Ar ¥1 + Aa V2) Myn, = 0-85(20.7)[99,000(405) + 37,622(289.3)] Mpn = 597 KN —m > nominal balanced moment Mn = 0.90(897) Myn = 807.3 KN —m ~ ultimate balanced moment b) Maximum steel area and moment. Refer to Figure 3.3. As max = 9.75 Asp As max = 0.75(5806) As max = 4,355 mm? > maximum steel area Acmax = 0.75 Acy Acmax = 0.75(136,622) Ac max = 102,466 mm? > A,,thusa>t Acmax = Ay + Ap 102,466=99,000 + 310(z) z=112mm Az = 102,466 — 99,000 = 3,466 mm? yn =d—t —?/y = 344.41 mm Mn mnx = C1 Vi + Co Yo Mn max = 0.85 f'(Ar Vi + Az Ya) This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Mn max = 0.85(20,7)[99,000(405) + 3,466(289,3)] My max = 726.5 KN —m > nominal max moment Mn max = 0.90(726.5) Mn max = 653.8 KN —m ~ ultimate maximum moment PROBLEM 3.4 A T-beam has the following properties: by = 820 mm, b,, = 250mm, d= 470 mm,t = 100mm. Concrete compressive strength f', = 20.7 MPa and steel area for the following load conditions: a) Mp =150kn—m, M, = 120kN—m b)_ Mp =175kN—m, M, = 190 kN —m SOLUTION By = 0.85 Solve for 1 p My whena t 9M yn = 0.85f"cby t(d - 545.375 kN —mm Solve for Mn max: Balanced condition: 600d = S00 +f = 278.11mm ob a < fy cp = 236.39 mm >t by = 820mm FIGURE 3.4 tae by =250 Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)z= t = 136.39 mm Ay = by t = 82,000 mm? Ag = by z = 34,098 mm? Acp = Ay + Az = 116,098 mm? Maximum condition: Ac max = 0.75 Ac» = 87,073 mm? > Ay Az = Ac max — 82,000 = 5,073 mm? Zz by Yo =d—t—7/ = 359.85 mm Mn max = Mn + Mn2 = Mn + 0,85f' Ayo QM max = 574.28 KN —m a) My = 150 kN —m,AM, = 120kN—m My, = 14Mp +17 M, = 414kN —m < @My max singly reinforced Since M,, is less than Myp, "a" is less than t. 470 mm d= This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)M,, = 0.85f", a by(d — a/2) 414 x 106 = 0.90(0.85)(20.7)a(820)(470 — a/2) a=73.6mm CC Asfy = 0.85f", aby 565 mm* Minimum A,is the smaller of: Le pd = 646mm? YEE hy d = 1059 mm? 2hy 4fy Thus, A, = 2,565 mm? b) My = 175 kN —m,M, =190kN —m My = 14 Mp +1.7 M, = 568 KN —m < QMy max, singly reinforced Since M,, is more than Mgy,"a"is more than t. by = 820mm t=100 470 mm oa & d= 4 2250 My = @Mgn + PMn2 568 x 10° = 545.375 + 0.90(0.85)(20.7)(250)2(470 — 1002/,) z=15.78mm Ay = by 2 = 3,946 mm? Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)T=O4+ As fy = 0.85f" (Ay + An) As(414) = 0.85(20.7)(82,000 + 3946) As = 3,653 mm? PROBLEM 3.5 Design a T-beam for a floor system for which by = 300mm and d= 550mm. The beams are 4.5 m long and spaced at 3 mo.c. The slab thickness is 100 mm. Mp = 450 kN — m(including its own weight ),M, = 350 kN —m. f', = 27 MPa, fy = 415 MPa. SOLUTION By = 0.85 My = 1.4 Mp +1.7 M, M,, = 1.4(450) + 1.7(350) My, = 1225 kN —m Solve for bf: by is the smallest of: 1. L/4=1.125m 2. 16; + by = 16(100) + 300 = 1,900 mm 3. center-to center spacing of beams = 3m Thus, bp = 1,125 mm Solve for pM,when a = t = 100mm, 9g = 0.90 QMyn = 90.85 f' ct be(d — */5) Mp = 1161.844 kN — m Solve for pM, maxto determine if compression steel is needed. _ 600d b G00+fy = 325,123 mm a = By cy = 276.355 mm >t This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)d =550mm 4 =300 mm Mu = PMyn + PCaYa 1225 x 10° = 1161,844 x 10° + 0,90 x 0,85(27)(300z)(450 =) 2=23.25 mm Ag = by Z = 6975.02 mm? cy +e, Asfy = 0.85" (A1 + Az) Ag (415) = 0.85(27)(112,500 + 6,975.02) As = 6,607 mm? r Minimum A,is the smaller value of: ep, d = 1033 mm? We yy d = 1937 mm? hy ty Thus, A, = 6,607 mm? PROBLEM 3.6 Determine the ultimate moment capacity of reinforced concrete T-beam with the following properties: Flange width b = 1500 mm, web width b, = 250 mm, effective depth d = 600 mm, slab thickness t = 100 mm. Assume Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)f': = 20.7 MPa and f, = 345 MPa. The beam is reinforced with six 28 mm bars. SOLUTION Solve for balanced A,: 600d ~ 600 + fy a = By cy = 323.81 >¢ Cp = 380.95 mm 150,000 Az = by z = 55,952 mm? b.=250 mm T=C Asfy = 0.85f' (Ay + Az) Agp (345) = 0.85(20.7)(150,00 + 55,952) Asp = 10,503 Steel area provided, A, = 6 x = (28)? = 3,695 mm? > Ag, steel yields Therefore, f; = fy C=T 0.85 f'cAc = Asfy 0.85(20.7) A, = 3,695(345) Ac = 72,441 < Ay therefore "a" is less thant This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)-a/2 = aby 72,441 = a (1500) a = 48.29 mm? Mp = 0.85f', a bpd — %/9) M,, = 0.85(20.7)(48.29) (1500) (600 — 48-29/,) My, = 733.99 KN —m gM, = 0,90(733.99) gM, = 660.6 KN — m PROBLEM 3.7 Given the following properties of T-beam: Flange width, by = 900mm _ f', = 21MPa Flange thickness, t=1200 f, = 345 MPa Width of web, b,, = 400 mm Effective depth, d = 580 mm Service deal load, Mp = 410 kn —m BT Ta RTL ee om or eco oO Cao only with twelve (12) 28-mm-diameter bars. SOLUTION By = 0.85; p = 90 Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com|by =400 mm 1" Ag = 12.x 5 (28)? = 7,389 mm? A, = by t = 108,000 mm? Solve for balance A,: 600d ~ 600+ fy C = Bc, = 313.02 mm >t Z=a=t=193.02mm Ap = by z = 77,206 mm? cp = 368.25 mm T=C Aspfy = 0.85f'(Ar + Az) Asp (345) = 0.85(21)(108,000 + 77,206) Acp = 9,582 mm? Steel area provided is less than the balanced steel area. Steel yields. C=T 0.85f' Ac = Asfy 0.85(21)A, = 7,389(345) A, = 142,813 mm? > A, a>t This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)€ 26, & S ow | M------------- x rr) ia rh 3 T 4, =400 mm Ac = Ay + Ag 142,813=108,000+A, Az = 34,813 mm? Az = byZ 34,813 = 400z z = 87.03 mm yy d= "y= 520 mm Y2=d—-t—> = 416.48 mm Mn = Cry + Coy2 My, = 0.85f" (Ari + Azy2) My = 0.85(21)[108,000(520) + 34,813(416.48)] M,, = 1,261.3 kN —m gM, = 0.90(1,261.3) @M,, = 1135.138 kN —m oM, = M, My = 14Mp +1.7M, 1,135,138 = 1.4(410) + 1.7M, M, = 330.0kN—m Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)PROBLEM 3.8 The section of a reinforced concrete T-beam is shown in Figure 3.5. The beam is reinforced with 10 32-mm-diameter tension bars with f, = 415 MPa. Concrete strength f’. = 32 MPa. If the total service dead load moment on the beam is 330 kN-m, determine the safe service live load moment. x t=120mm Ye SOLUTION = F og9y2 leo, al i A, = 10x 732) =320mi Figure 3.5 A, = 8,042 mm? A, = bet = 60,000 mm? bs =500m——> t=120mi 0.05 By = 0.85 ~~ (32 ~ 30) 4,® By = 0.836 's = So om Solve for balance A,: a fs _ 600d > 600 + fy v Cy = 313.3 mm a= B,Cy = 261.83 mm >t ke. . zZ=a-—t=14183mm 20m Ap = by z = 45,385.5 mm? This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)T=C Asp fy = 0.85f' (Ay + Az) Asp (345) = 0.85(21) (60,00 + 45,385.5) Agy = 6,907 mm? Since A, > Ag,, tension steel does not yield bf = I & t om 500m <_d=530m 5 —l: T A, = 60,000 mm? by z = by(a-t) A, = bu (Bre 0) f= 600 ——“ THO, +C, Asfe = 0.85f'.(A, + Az) 8,042 x 600 = = 0,85(32)[60,000 + 320(0.836c ~ 120)] c = 327.95 mm a=, c = 261,83 mm Az = by z = 49,303 mm? z=a—t=14183mm Yo = d —t ~2/, = 332.97mm y, =d—t/2 = 470mm Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)11+ C2y2 Mn = 0.85f" (Aiy1 + Arya) M,, = 0.85(32)[60,000(470) + 49,303(332.97)] My, = 1,213.56 KN —m gM, = 0.90(1,213.56) gM, = 1,092.2 KN —m My = Mn My = 14Mp + 1.7 M, 1,092 = 1.4(330) + 1.7 M, M, = 370.7 KN —m This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)SOLVED PROBLEMS IN T-BEAMS USING 2010 NSCP PROBLEM 3.9 Repeat Problem 3.3 using the 2010 NSCP. SOLUTION Given: by =900mm __f', = 20.7 MPa t=110mm fy = 414 MPa by =3210mm d= 460mm B, = 0.85 since f', is less t\lan 28 MPa a) Balanced condition, g = 0.65 _ 6004 _ 600(460) “1 600+ fy “~ 600 + 414 cy = 272.2 mm a=fac a = 0.85(272.2) a=231.4mm>t Figure 3.6 Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)z= ¢=1214mm Ay = bp xt 100(110) = 99,000 mm? Ag = by x z = 310(121.4) = 37,622 mm? Acy = Ay + Az = 136,622 mm? T=q+¢c Asp fy = 0.85f' (Ay + Az) Acp (414) = 0.85(20.7)(99,000 + 37,622) Asp = 5,806 mm? > balanced steel area yy, =d—t/2=405mm Y_ = d —t — 2/2 = 289.3 mm Mon = C11 + C2V2 Mpn = 0.85f",(Ary1 + Azy2) Myn, = 0.85(20.7)[99,000(405)37,622(289.3)] Mpn = 897 KN -—m ~ nominal balanced moment @Myn = 0.65(897) @Myn = 583 KN —m — ultimate balanced moment b) Maximum steel area and moment. Refer to Figure 3.6. d = 197.14 = 0.65 +025 20h = 197.14mm; o = 0.65 + 0. 1000 f, Nw c= = 0.815 a=Bic a = 0.85(197.14) a= 167.6mm z=a-t=57571mm Ag = By z = 310(57.6) = 17,847 mm? yn = d —t— 2/2 = 321.21 mm T=q +e As maxfy = 0.85f" (Ay + Az) As max (414) = 0.85f" (99,000 + 17,847) As max = 4966 mm? > maximum steel area This documentis avaiable fee of charge on SLUIDOCU.COM Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)Mn max = Yi + C2¥2 My max = 0-85f'(Aiy1 + A2¥2) Mn max = 0-85(20.7)[99,000(415) + 17,847(321.2)] My max = 806.34 kN —m ~ nominal max moment 9M), max = 0.815(806,34) 9My max = 656.9kKN—m — ultimate maximum moment PROBLEM 3.10 Repeat Problem 3.2 using the 2010 NSCP. SOLUTION Given: by = 1200 mm by = 290mm t=130mm f'c =30MPa d=470mm fy = 345MPa Myn = 0.85f'ct bf (d — */5) Myn = 0.85(30)(1200)(130)(470 — 139/,) Mgn = 1611kN —m Solving for g: a= 130mm 0.05, B, = 0.85 al ¢ — 28) = 0.836 c= “/p, = 155.56 mm d-c f; = 600 —— = 1213 MPa > 1000 MP “tension — controls, g = 0.90" c @Myn = 090(1611) @Myn = 1450 KN — m Downloaded by Martin Gragasin (fierregragasin@gmail.com)