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Microbiology 41
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A 63-year-old woman develops

fever, headache, malaise, myalgia,
and cough. It is early in the winter
respiratory virus season, and the
patient's physician does not know
what viruses are present in the
community. Which of the following
viruses is not a cause of acute
respiratory disease?
(A) Influenza virus
(B) Adenovirus
(C) Respiratory syncytial virus
(D) Coronavirus
(E) Rotavirus

(E) Rotavirus

Based on sequence analysis and

serologic assays, the most likely
origin of the SARS coronavirus is
which of the following?
(A) Recombination between a human
and an animal coronavirus that
created a new virus
(B) Jump of an animal coronavirus
into humans
(C) Mutation of a human coronavirus
that resulted in increased virulence
(D) Acquisition of human cellular
genes by a human coronavirus via
recombination that allowed viral
evasion of the host immune response

(B) Jump of an animal coronavirus into humans

The coronavirus SARS epidemic of

2002-2003 resulted in many cases
and deaths. What is the primary
route of transmission of human
coronaviruses?
(A) Fecal-oral
(B) Respiratory
(C) Blood
(D) Perinatal mother-to-infant
(E) Sexual activity

(B) Respiratory

Coronavirus infections in humans

usually cause a common cold
syndrome. However, a recent
outbreak of SARS was characterized
by pneumonia and progressive
respiratory failure. The prevention or
treatment of these diseases can be
accomplished by
(A) A subunit vaccine
(B) A cold-adapted live-attenuated
vaccine
(C) The antiviral drug amantadine
(D) Infection control measures,
including isolation and wearing of
protective gear
(E) The antiviral drug acyclovir

(D) Infection control measures, including

isolation and wearing of protective gear

An epidemic of acute respiratory

virus infections occurred among the
elderly residents of a nursing home.
Influenza viruses and coronaviruses,
which can cause serious respiratory
disease in the elderly, are suspected.
Which of the following
characteristics is shared by these
viruses?
(A) Segmented genome
(B) Infectious RNA genome
(C) High frequency of recombination
during replication
(D) Single serotype infects humans
(E) Negative-sense genome

(C) High frequency of recombination during

replication

The following are common

characteristics of coronaviruses,
except for one. Which is not correct?
(A) Possess cross-reactive antigens
with influenza viruses
(B) Contain the largest genomes
among RNA viruses
(C) Can cause gastroenteritis
(D) Are distributed worldwide

(A) Possess cross-reactive antigens with

influenza viruses

SARS coronavirus shares some

characteristics, but not all, with
human coronavirus HCoV-OC43.
Which of the following statements is
true for SARS coronavirus?
(A) Causes annual outbreaks during
the winter
(B) Is distributed worldwide
(C) Populations at high risk of
disease included health care workers
(D) Natural hosts are palm civets

(C) Populations at high risk of disease included

health care workers

A traveler returning from Mecca

presents with pneumonia, fever, and
cough. What is the best test to
diagnose MERS coronavirus?
(A) Coronavirus antigen assay
(B) Human coronavirus PCR
(C) MERS-CoV PCR
(D) Respiratory viral culture

(C) MERS-CoV PCR

Risk factors for severe MERS

coronavirus infection include which
of the following?
(A) Recent camel exposure
(B) Prior coronavirus infection
(C) Seasonal allergies
(D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease

(D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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