- (a) ) FAS-PASS Maths CSEC ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS MAY 2023 PAPER 2 SECTIONI ALGEBRA, SEQUENCES AND SERIES ALL working must be clearly shown. Solve the equation, 37x"! —5(3* ) |-2 = 0, giving your answer to 3 decimal places SOLUTION: Data: 3***!~5(3')-2=0 Required to solve: For x Solution: 38-5(3')-2=0 2=0 For convenience and simplicity, we let ¢=3* The equation can now be re-written as a simple quadratic of the form 3 -51-2=0 (3r-+1)(t-2)=0 : OR 1=2 3 When _ When 3 3 / rig3-le(—!) xlg3=lg2 3) However, Alg(-ve) - Be (in exact form) ig Hence, in this ease, x has no real solutions. x = 0.6309 x8 0,631 (correct to 3.dp) (Given that 3x+2 isa factor of 33° +x? —3v—2, find the value of b. SOLUTION Data: 3x +2 isa factor of 3x' 4-dx* —3x—2 Required to find: The value of b Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com© wi FAS-PASS Maths Solutis Recall: If (av-+6) is a factor of any polynomial f(x), then, according to the remainder and factor theorem, A(- 5) =0. a) Let _f(x)=3x° +hx*-3x-2 tone) Substituting, we get Hence, factorise completely 3x° +x? —3x=2 SOLUTION: Required to factorise: 3x° +x? Solution: From (i) b=2 So, f(x)=3x' +2x4-3x-2 Pol (2-1) isa difference of two squares and factorises to (x1) (x + 1) Hence, taking the given linear factor, the cubic polynomial 3x° + 2x7 —3x—2 factorises completely to (3x+2)(x-1)(x-+1) Determine the value(s) of p for which the function px? +3x+2,phas two real distinct roots, giving your answer in its simplest form, SOLUTION: Data: pr? +3x42p Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 2FAS-PASS Maths Required to determine: Value(s) of p if px? +3x-+2p = 0 has two real roots. Solution: Recall, ax’ +bx +e has real and distinct roots when 6? > 4ac. Hence, if px” +3x-+2p =0 has real and distinct roots, then (3) > 4(p)(2P) 9>8p* Bp <9 phd ess 9 Let p= res NOTE: A function does NOT have roots but an equation does. The question should have required the candidate to find the values of p when the EQUATION pr? +3x-+2p =0 has real and distinct roots. 2, Given that f(x) =3x7-9x +1, (a) @ Express f(x) in the form a(x) +c, where a, b and c are real numbers. SOLUTION: Data: f(x)=3x'—9x-+1 Required to express: f(x) inthe form a(x+5)' +c, where a, b and care real numbers. Solution: Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 3FAS-PASS Maths a(x+b)' +e sa(x'+2bx+b*)+c F(x 3x7 9x41 = ax? + 2abx tab? +6 Equating coefficients of x* we get a=3 Equating coefficients of x and using a= 3 2(3)b=-9 6 b--it 2 Equating constants and using a~3 and 6 =- 1% xf) tent ( 2} +e roy Hence, f(x) =3{ +15) = 52 and which is ofthe form Vea 3 and where a, b and a a(x+b) +e, where a=3, b= and ¢ care real numbers. Alternative Method: P(x) =38 =98+1 f(x)=3(x-3x)+1 1 ofthe coefivient of xis 3(-3) So, f(x)can be expressed as 3(x-12) +? 1 3x? -3: 2 (e-e9 , which is 3x? — 9x -+— 3 or 3x? — 9x +65 To obtain f(x) = 3x? — 9x + 1 we must therefore re-write the equation of fix) as 3x? — 9x +62—S2 cin 3 (x— 12) +? the value of the unknown ? is — 52 Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.comdi) FAS-PASS Maths = 52 andis of the form a(x+b)* +c, where So, f(x) 3 where a, b and c are real numbers. ry a=3,b= State the coordinates of the inimum point of f(x) SOLUTION: Required to state: The coordinates of the minimum point of f(x) Solution: (2) 33 F()=3[ 2-15) -55 t 20ve / F (8) gq =-S%. This occurs at 3{x-1 Hence, the minimum point on the graph ) Al coordinates | 1, U2 Alternative Method: S (x) =3e 9x41 SP (x)=3(227"")-9 =6x-9 Ata stationary point, f(x) =0 When 6x-9=0 roth 2 (1) Ly Gt A3}(5) $05) f"(x)=6 >0 4 ) is the minimum point on f(). Alternative Method: Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 5FAS-PASS Maths f(x) =3x7 -9x +1 Coefficient of x* > 0 = f(x) has a minimum point. fix) ‘minimum point =) 2(3) ait 2 This is the equation of the axis of symmetry and the minimum point on F(x) has the same x-coordinate as does the axis of symmetry. ‘The minimum point occurs at x = (b) The equation 3x? ~6x—2=Ohas roots a and f. Find the value ot( Bs sOLt Da ON: 3x? —-6x—2=Ohas roots a and # 11) Required to find: The value of (4 \a B) Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 6(©) FAS-PASS Maths Solution: If ee and f are the roots of ax?-+bx-+e=0, then +f a and are the roots of 3x”-6x-2=0 John’s grandparents started a university fund for him at a bank, with $4000. The bank offered two options for interest. Option 1 - $240 pet annum Option 2 — 5% of the current balance per annum Determine the sum of money in the university fund at the beginning of the ninth year for both options. OLUTION: Data: A university fund was started with $4000 with two options for interest. Option | — $240 per annum, Option 2 — 5% of the current balance per annum, Required to determine: The sum of money in the fund at the beginning of the ninth year for both options. Solution: Option 1: From the start to the beginning of the 9 year means the constant interest of $240 will be earned for 8 years. Interest eared =$240%8 = $1920 Hence, the sum of the money in the fund at the start of the 9" year =$4000+$1920 = $5920 Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 7FAS-PASS Maths Option 2 Amount at start End of year 1 End of year 2 $4:000 (5 7 3 4000) —— x 4000 4000 1.05) + — (4000x 1.05) (100, } ( } 100 ( ) = 4000x105 = 4000x105" This pattern continues. Hence, at the end of year 8 and which is the beginning of year 9, the amount will be 10001.05* = $5909.82 Alternatively: ing the formula for compound interest and where mount after the period, P = Principal invested, R= rate per annum and 7 ime in years r =4000(1+ >) Uy = $5909.82 (correct to the nearest cent) SECTION It COORDINATE GEOMETRY, VECTORS AND TRIGONOMETRY 3. (a) The equation of a circle is x” + y® 8x18 +93=0. () Determine the coordinates of the centre of the ciree. SOLUTON: Data: x? +5? —8r—18y +93=0 Required to determine: The coordinates of the centre of the circle Solution: 8r-18y+93=0 x+y? +2(-4)x+2(-9) y-93=0 is of the form xi 4y?42gx+2fy+e=0 where g=—4, f =-9 and ¢=93 Centre =(-g,-) Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.comFAS-PASS Maths =C-4).--9) =(4,9) Find the length of the radius. SOLUTION: Required to find: The length of the radius Solution Length of the radius = J/g? + fe = (ay +(-9)° -93 =e “i =2 units Find the equation of the normal to the circle at the point (2, 8). SOLUTION: Required to find: The equation of the normal to the circle at the point (2.8) Solution: Gradient of the normal: Equation of the normal using the point (4, 9) and gradient == 9-2-4) y = ye ay-18 = x4 ay =e 14 (Asa point of interest, the coordinates (2 8) do NOT satisfy the equation of the circle and so there can NEVER be a normal or a tangent to the circle at this point) Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 9FAS-PASS Maths (b) The position vectors of two points, A and B, relative to an origin O, are such that O4=3i-j and OB @ w ~4j. Determine the unit vector AB SOLUTION: Data: 04 =3i-j and OB = ire the position vectors of two points A and B, relative to an origin, O. Required to determine: The unit vector AB Solutio Any vector parallel to AB is a (2i-3 scalar. =2ai=3aj, where a isa Since the vector is a unit vector, its modulus or magnitude ay Hence, (2a) VB So, the unit yeetor in the direction of 4B NOTE: AB itself is not a unit vector. The question should be restated as: “Determine the unit vector in the direction of AB.” the acute angle AOB, in degrees, to 1 decimal place. SOLUTION Required to determine: Solution The acute angle, AOB, to 1 di Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 10FAS-PASS Maths y Let_AOB be 0. 0A.TE -|OA| Bl ooso (3%5)+(-1x-4) = (3) +(-1)" (5) +(-4)? cose 19=Vi0-V4Tcos# 19 080 = 0=20. @ = 20.2° (correct to | decimal place) (©) Solve the equation 2sin?@=3e0s0 where 0° <@<180°. SOLUTION: Required to solye: For 8, where 0° <8 <180° Solution: 2sin® 0 =3cos@ Recall: sin? +cos? 0=1=> sin? 0 =1-cos? 0 Hence, 2(1~-cos*@)~3cos0= 2-2cos* @-3cosd 2cos?+3eos9-2=0 (2c080=1)(cos0-+2)=0 2c0s0-1=0 OR e030 +2=0 cos = 4 c0s0 =-2 2 Sinee -1 < cos <1 @ has no real solutions. Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com aFAS-PASS Maths 0=60° 8 = 60°, for 0° <0.<180° I 1 _2tanx (@) Prove the identi sinx I+sinx osx SOLUTION: Required to prove: — TY 2tanx sinx 1+sinx cosx Proof: Consider the left-hand side of the identity: 1 Tsing T+sinx A(+sinx)-I(I-sinx) —2sinx (i-sinx)(I4sinx) — T=sin? x Re:sin’ x-+cos* x= 1 => 1-sin? x= cos? x 1 osx cos 2tanx “cose Right hand side QED. Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 2FAS-PASS Maths CTION UII INTRODUCTORY CALCULUS 4. (a) A funetion given by y= ax? +hx-+c has a gradient of o-te ata stationary value of 5, wo Determine the values of a, 6 and c in the function. SOLUTION: Data: by y= ar? +hx-+c has a gradient of 9 3 ata stationary value of 5 Required to determine: The values of a, b and c Solutio 5 Y aby Gradient function, 4° = a(2x )+5(1) +0 =2ax+b Hence, by 49 20x46 2 Equating coefficients of x: 1 2a=-~ Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com BFAS-PASS Maths Alternative Method dy ax ay=(9 Integrating both sides w.ra. x 1 = [e-sxax y J 0-79 la ya9x-Gx? te Ata stationary point, dy Bao 9-Ax=0 3 ty=9 5x x=18 When x = 18,y =5 =ox 18h y=9x- 7x? +e 918) — Fas) +e ¢=5-162 +81=-76 1324 9x-76 Get ox b=9and c=-76 (ii) Determine the nature of the stationary point. SOLUTION: Required to determin Solution: dy 1 £¥ LoL or -0-4() : The nature of the stationary point i 2 <0 Hence, the stationary point, (18, 5) is a maximum point. Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com “FAS-PASS Maths (b) A drone tracks the movement of an object in motion on the ground. The following movements are recorded. It moves at a constant velocity of 4 m/s for 5 seconds. Its velocity increases uniformly for 3 seconds to 10 m/s. It moves at that velocity for 7 seconds. It slows uniformly until it comes to rest after 4 seconds. Sketch the graph of the movement of the object. SOLUTION: Required to sketch: A graph to illustrate the movement of the object. Solution: Branch 1: A constant velocity of 4 m/s for 5 seconds A horizontal branch indicates constant velocity, ® Branch 2: Velocity increases uniformly for 3 seconds to 10 mis. Straight line indicates uniform acceleration. Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 15FAS-PASS Maths ¥ a 1 ° —> Time(s) Branch 3: Moves ata constant velocity for 7 seconds, Horizontal branch indicates constant velocity. 2 a ° s Be ds a 2 > O24 68 ODM we 0 2 mu ow Time (9) Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 16FAS-PASS Maths Branch 4: It slows uniformly until it comes to rest after 4 seconds Straight line indicates uniform deceleration. nt ry ° Vatocity (ms) 02468 0 MW Wm 2% 2 38 90 8 “Time (9) n Velocity (wis) = Cite aoe eee Time (s) (ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the object in the second part of the journey. Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com v7(i) FAS-PASS Maths SOLUTION: Required to calculate: The distance travelled by the object in the second part of the journey. Calculation: TThe shaded region in the diagram below shows the second part of the joumey. ny ” ra ; \ s a Be is \ ‘ 3 2 1 Poe we 2 mo wR “rime (9) ‘Area of the shaded region 7 1 Area of the shaded trapezium =—(4+10)(8—5) perium =4(4410)(8-8) $(04)(5) m =21m istance covered Determine the object’s acceleration in the final part of the journey. SOLUTION: Required to determine: The object's acceleration in the final part of the journey. Solution: The branch in red shows the final part of the journey. Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 18(a) Consider a toy truck movi acceleration of a(s FAS-PASS Maths n : ee : ] LLY E \ H as a o?eee OW i” 2m a 8 we “Time (6) ‘We determine the acceleration by finding the gradient line that shows the final part of the journey and which is the branch shown in red. 10-0 it 100 is-19 alo a a2) 2 Hence, the acceleration is 24 ims” of the deceleration is ra ms". 1g along a miniaturised race course with an 9¢? +21—1, where fis the time in seconds. Assume that the speed of the toy truck is measured in em/second. @ co Outline how an equation for the speed of the truck would be found, using the given equation for the acceleration. SOLUTION: Data: The acceleration ofa toy truck is given by a(1)=97 424-1, where fis the time in seconds. Assume that the speed of the toy truck is measured in cm/second. Required to outline: How an equation for the speed of the truck would be found, Solution: Ifthe speed of the truck is expressed as v(r), then v()=[a(1) dr. Find the speed of the truck at ¢ =10 seconds. Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 19(ii) FAS-PASS Maths SOLUTION: Required to find: The speed of the truck at ¢ = 10 seconds. Assuming the truck starts from rest. y=0 when ¢=0: 30) +(0)' (0) +E When 1 =10: v=3(10)' +(10)* -(10) =3000+100-10 = 3090 cms Find the distance covered by the truck between 5 and 10 seconds. Express your answer to the nearest whole number. SOLUTION: Required to find: The distance covered by the truck between 5 and 10 seconds, correct to the nearest whole number. Solution; Let the distance at time, t, be expressed as (1) s()= fv a s(0)= J (3° +P 1) at Distance covered between ¢=5 and 1=10 Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 20FAS-PASS Maths -1) dt » Where & is a constant ( \ (a6s34412-124) a 32} = 72855 em R = 7285 em (correct to the nearest whole number) (b) Find @ (exes) ae SOLUTION: Required to find: [(2x+3)° dr Solutiox J(2x+3) de= [(2x+3)(2x+3) de = (40 #12049) de ay! 11 4x’ 2 +9(x)+C, where C is a constant 4 = ix +6x7+9x+C 3 Alternative Method We can use: we gg, _ (ax + by x+y a= Ta Ton AD oe 43)? dx SD Lg fox+a w= Soap t 3 Get 6 Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 2ai) FAS-PASS Maths J5cos2x ae SOLUTION: Required to find: [5cos2x de Solution: J5cos2x ax Let ¢=2x Hoy ae Hence, fScos2x d= | Seost 4 =2 Joost at 2 =Ssine+C, whete C is a constant 2 Re-substituting ¢ = 2x to get: JScos2x ax Ssindv4 © If 2 =6x—10 and y=12 when x=0, find the equation for y in terms of x. ie SOLUTION: Data: © ~ 6-10 a Required to find: y in terms of x, when x=0 and y=12 ye When x= 12 c Solution 7 ~10(x)+C, where C is a constant 3x? -10x+C ), y= 123 =3(0) -10(0)+¢ =12 sx? -10x+12 Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 2FAS-PASS Maths SECTION IV PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS ALL working must be clearly shown, 6. The following stem and leaf diagram represents the scores, out of 80, of students in an ‘Additional Mathematics exam. (@) (b) Write the raw data set that was used to construct the diagram above. SOLUTION: Data: Stem and leaf diagram showing scores, out of 80, of students in an Additional Mathematics exam. ‘Required to write: The raw data set that was used to construct the stem and leaf diagram Solution: 30, 33, 37, 42, 44, 46, 47, 49, 51, 53, 53, 56, 60, 67, 67, 71, 79 Determine the following measures for the data set. (The median exam score SOLUTION: Required to determi: Soluti There are 17 scores. The middle score when arranged in either ascending ot descending order of magnitude, and which in this case is the 9" score, is the median. ‘When arranged in order of magnitude, the 9" score is 51 (ii) The mean exam core SOLUTION: Required to determine: The mean exam score Solution: DE where no, of scores 7" 885 17 Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 2BFAS-PASS Maths =52.06 52.1 (correct to I decimal place) ‘The modal score(s) SOLUTION: Required to determin Solution: ‘Two scores occurred twice and the other scores only occurred once. Hence, the modal scores are 53 and 67. The distribution is bi-modal. The modal score (iv) Given that for the data set x7 = 48999 and x= 885, find the standard deviation of the data set using the formula Required to find: The standard deviation for the data set. Solution: 19999 (885). 17-1 [48999 — 4607205 - 16 B96. “V6 = Vi82.93 13.53 (correct to 2 decimal places) Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 24© @ FAS-PASS Maths If a student needed to score at least half the total marks possible to pass the exam, determine the probability of a student failing the exam, Give your answer to 2 decimal places. OLUTION: Data: A student needs to score at least half the marks to possible to pass the exam, Required to determine: The probability that a student fails the exam. Solution: Half the maximum score =4(60) =40 ‘Number of students who got less than 40 =3 of studs Total number of students Num who (student failed) = (exact) 7 =0.176 ).18 (correct to decimal places) Given that a randomly selected student has passed the exam, what is the probability that the student scored over 60? Give your answer to 2 decimal places. SOLUTION: Required to find: The probability that student scored over 60, given that they passed the exam, Solution: Let A be the event that a randomly selected student passes the exam. Let B be the event that a student scored over 60. P(BOA) P(e) =17 (4 students scored more than 60) =0.285 = 0.29 (correct to 2 decimal places) Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 25©) CO) FAS-PASS Maths Based on the given stem and leaf diagram, describe the distribution of the data set. SOLUTION: Required to deseribe: The distribution of the data based on the stem and leaf diagram, Solution: From the data, the distribution is positively skewed or is a right-skewed distribution. Your friend suggested that a bar graph or histogram could be used to represent the data. Advise your friend on which graph is the better option giving ONE reason to support your answer. SOLUTION: Data: Your friend suggested that a bar graph or histogram could be used to represent the data. Required to advise: Which graph is the better option and give a reason for the Solution: Test scores are classified as discrete data as they can only take integer values. Bar Graphs are more appropriate for representing discrete data while histograms are used to represent continuous data, Hence, the better option is the bar graph, Copyright 62023. Some Rights Reserved. faspassmaths.com 26