Ongania Reaction amd Sypibests ofa 9 moleeule Te of bond fin. + The bind finnion in orgemie eo ~takeo place in en me 0 toma “Ain Sf tre handled Alechon palr i> oahec cqul/ beac He banded atom then. Anal i formed, THis pe of loin) eno on heme ie. Finn oe fee a Heve the oe iby ofthe — wondeal§ tym _ name. @ Heterephe. fission + H toe uncle election pay in hated un befiween_ re. bended— atm then reoubt ints the formation. of vie ot oat omionn),-Prin of fionion 6 unnon op valthie fianion. mie A? ash te Gig > Ot UT : Merve electronegetivt of the cael % diferent, Te owmenia — erenctio. -toke Place € Fh number of ctpy {7% Tactow Shy te pe af methominn, Concerted — mechomntom_, Nox Concerted mechorn dim. ‘Scanned wih CamScannerHt He breakin | = vr AtB +e | Aechomsiin, +o | Ea > tetivation. coeegy) SE the venebion “proceed. Hrrough. intermediates before. the. _Produel- gee l O concerted Mechomism § Festal ond. anakingy ot binds “token ples, ‘rely tack the formalin. of omy infermedide SF mechanism a xnanon. on concerted —yhe +B Soteokjad eneyy ® Non Coneerted meehaniryn. 9 ee We formation. formed. [ Roger The wegen ond te ot tee ‘pes + Free aradioals + Free Frachicals — ove. the. cl Phich— i ovmed jn. eas Meroe. ecles , yoni perovides , F Var, heat ome Oe SUN, ‘Scanned wih CemScannerQ® Electophiles ¢ fn eleehrophiles omd om elechophilée reagent % 9 | having electron. ~ defievert oom ov cenkre. ond he to Naeek electro trem other aubatomees- f see ‘ Rs! nit wot oi |, ens bs GF, Feel, , Ao » son ete. © Nuckopbies megrlineh) changed ov electron - rich. opecies a. pair of clectums at the centre ond Subshole at the _ point of tminiemisin electron e 77 WT, BY, Heos, HOOT Roe , NH 5 Q-0-Ry RNa , RN ota, Elechoio Esfeet + —— Electrmie effect -elamified info otfflevenf- Pater te Eleshonia Effects Complete “trometer oF election shoved PUT9, Of electron ft lclauble bong oy anvtiple md to one the bonded atrIne under the influence. athacktn, 4 Be ftir gen oon, Ebetronie feo ys Pore if tas ‘tenpngty/ effec ound operate ig. a NY Magee ond vont oo yy. a ree 6 withdrawn, Fectromove lect i tse eC er Rm! onal of(0 $8 ef + When the doplacement of- om electron | par ane chm the “atom ev repr » eel +6 gheets vy a) Pie gy | 1B oc og GUI @ -E det: Hhen the — oliplacemenf- af am. electron pair | i Prod the atm ov rep o called \ ~E effet. | p Mg benl i g Inductive. Effect ¢ eee es When ome afm to mine.» electreneg.ctive. thom enntbun thee thin cfm withchaua electro clenslty’ fend cmb {| hain ond. hen om ator i> lean slechovey clive om I] Conbon— tin elo clomaten —eleehom. demiby/ “isenaly eorhon_ | Choi. Tin _porrmament- -trovafer sf eleasn -fomewls ember | choin. Oond. +0 So the. — veplaced by ther atoms — ov of atsres — withoud— oy chomge in the. shuctove. A the. Tlemaining’ pont of Hye anofeeule. Uy ol + By ——> Cy By +thd Mechorn vam ¢f Sulstitehion Reaelion © @ Free Radital mechomvom_s * ‘reaction between mmethome amd chLovine. ¢m_prresente F ountnt- Allo —rrachieal rmechorova . *) Loita ; iain Seitiahon tendo “ote domatin. of feo ae, Wt ak ‘Scanned wih CamScanner5) ropa ation « hop fon feacls fo eonftrvoun formation d § atiqus fee roettols . My + a 5 Ue ae tg + cd —> oe +e I) Tesmination + “The eathon Ferminates here amd Neen _ pre duet One obttu'ned, Wau _, a, thy + bis ts, ths +0 7 Ubyel @ nie Substitution_* —_—_—— @ &I echophi Ge Subshtotiow: Fr reve aeaction. the ofomp o preup of abeein | ance ‘replaced of Om. eheetrophile « | | El ectophilio. sobstibyhion_ areactin Gone cour | | mM onomatte *) in benzene, Ree. -ty prenenoe, of pt-elechong | benzene more. sure ~ceplibte, fo qubstituhin. arate than odoliton | The mechornvaan_ frvelven -thyee@ Nitration < -sthen. om — ovvernalia. aysfemn_ vd trempecl with aoined_ avi (ten. tidy + to. ting) , rr aq! mnihafes en Tih preduch— i obtained. Here. the elechrophile. © nogt, stp+$ — Grenerahion oft electrophile. Sv os + ny = Noot +Ha0 + Hoy, ‘ie Formation. of o Complene, crt, rep tt Shp ELimimation of protons.» wort, te no Si + soy o 4 FHS ® Naleqenction ¢ When benzene treated with frycham Aled, o Fels sof FeBing ey thon. Hate chlnebeszene ond bumae cy ate aueepechly ‘ Qreninatgn « Skp it — Grenaration of tlechepbile FeBve, +0 => Br? 4 Petry P:2 Formation. of @ —eomplen| onenivm ian. Br Ht se 5 op She: ELimminortion SF pobr— . roe Roy Cc 4+ Fer, *+HOr (i iChlorination. neachon lls 2omne amechornim— WK bremination. eechon, © Danan + in presence of onesing) aqenh then sods med zr oO +e, ie, ow sar — benzene jy fo @ Suffain when beneene % treated with foming/ thsty ov emeenfted Hrsby corm emporratore ge then bemene oulfemia adil vy oymad. soot Cc + cminso, 25 By ho + H-S0aHt SS gy = i rae s+ HH 4 tS stp 12 Substitution. rn "at 9 rye © © dp HSog” 2 Oy Ses SHP:3 Praternation_. 8 SogH Coy ot te Oy +mo ‘Scanned wih CamScanner© Fried —Corefin Reacdion. ¢ Freidd “oe oe __ Alkylation When benzene i Hegey with ally) Robe in Sreeoence of Apion Aleta, then aly bemene % form. Os, © + Ua Ht, Coy + He Shptk Formation of elesfphile Up- + Hd, = Substrtution_ est styg + Maly i ee SHp'S limbethion of _ proton. en Ch, e io ae Cc + HO + Holy Fraylation_ When. benzene ~hrested with oa chiinice oy atistie ombydeide. in presence + hb the formation # re HO, then it feody | Wate. ° lan + ap-de io wa heb? “+ fel SGtL Fema of eleohophite, wf —a + Me => ont + Hel, jet w-be = che ot, stp: coe amas y+ natn, ‘Scanned wih CamScannerReimer = Ph, { ; / le doy at Tehek, Wir alkaline chloe Po ppmteral lo. 7 vay or. wo temanny Reactions of @ Kolbe — Schmit- ‘reaction & On a di P ccdium phenovide ren ooh Cont souks of 120- Myo" gmc ny h pr on \tlds Sodlim pal of espa vden oy owl oe au? Wher threaten with ail RL ges Sabie ona opr cure, ona 120% 140'e toon, o +O, = tS la oy 4-8 aim dit oH te Mechaniom —— on oN fh +e —> ° WR ‘Scanned wih CamScanneroy of c oon pong ge wore — 5 Coy ® Grattermarn— noch Aldehyde Syothenis® Whew arntordyre. ¢ orbon_ metas omd hydrogen. ahlonide. ¢ % prone Hemagh bevaene. dimvar 19 eff 0° ‘vihebenzene in presence af omyehnam A¥85 ord oma} owner} — of wth. cntayat- pena 6 premceet. wo +o +He tg Bow inechanim © Forwethon of clechaphife. — oo eh Pe, —> yQ 4 Mole © cabstituti . Core » pte Lg ute toh + ti + COE Nucleophitio. Substifution Reachions SSS So “Whee — oubottutipn reachow fn hich om atom_ av abeon aHlaoheo! fo “He. corbon atom 5 weplaced i “P ‘ucleophile . Ex: 7 on = * gama tomes i re) Hyelsophile. « ‘Scanned with CemScanneroe of tine @ Sut snechamirm(Subotitution Nudasphile. Vorinleeulon ii : a exo) fallowed Ba ton -akp mechominm. om 9 ¢ lee ally halite. Stet sy to cmbm— hobyen bond brake 5 hele ma oes conbocation' Yokevmedtiote which fom. in abd otep te nate — determining aly « ” Sto) &@ +07 Meo tt i Bee og 4 oof where ervdeophile. arfeeko the AGE wnbseatinie intermediate. ie 5 re, Cece ope ei Eom bis Cho, Were the nafe of Hye ven chion. depends onthe. Cue als of ola) halle, R=% {ary habote] Bax te teh mrepath_ ty reaction called uniemdle euler —neachion, are Hee the ambooshimre Matern eobiafe. which fo low akp SP hybridized ond at peo attack Prom path Ade That anew tio ee Syl rreschin_ ereetnination_ toner pee, —— ‘Scanned wih CamScanner8. ahi yt of Tedion 8 pero) plone! rd rm 0) Mechoniarn| Substfutin Nvcleophitie Bimolecuder) IN haltie ord thd % a aingle ate reaction. tere. bonol nealing? amd bend aroking neachion ake plage oimutteniousy) fin the myclesphile oppreachen the eortrr ote ohad. to “He halogen atsym_, Garben - nucleophile, bond ator to farming’ abit the. eth Teale tbonol Ark tsk Macao afoe), Sn trnition ahaa e-nwelesphile ond @-habgen. bond newer pewiolly/ ord) finally) muclophile oppoaite. pooition te thot of - halen gre: TH Cheege refer % glled —yaolder Fovevobn| Sovestes orbxe yo 7\ i, fF H oe Z a Sua, ee ateoks, yo “Nn HY i a t Brn Sinee antigovation daagt Le faveraton oeeur * Oud 8 s¢ ¢ 7 Rate = Kf At) habe] [su] Gree tps moleee twittve malo ate ty + Fir Hy 12008 Ki bimoleeuloer — aeaction. = 6 @ 6 Sut | Sud Hh unimolecular O SF & bimoleentow Fovaurred Y polo oulvent-] Chfemes y son polo Reson aeemvation -taveo place [() Syvevaren. oacura . fe eee b ) The order af rosy) g° Sat o 4 > ays! ‘Scanned with CemScanner© Sy ( Subsbbohiom mvelesphibie Saferal ) reachon —————, Were owe rome — gegchon— Whith—_proeeed wth eberton of wofigorechin « When alehol ve rreadde with totem Chiovidle fo ped oll hakiole the erenction Srdeeed through 2 ggelie. shomition tate, focitetel the clteck of nucle. —oprile fom front aide at the | eaving/ grep. ‘Scanned with CemScanner6 Adaition Reachon These ore the reaction fn Whigh —@ vuyent dombined wih anbobrate. | vnoahrenfed expr) wstior Gorthaut eliiming tine of oeme rime — amaller gp © Elechophive _tastin Recon Thee " one the reactions Which ore Pnifrafed lay ckeaho —ph Jen. Oat of bag iy 4) Addition ok om. fo alkenes Hf Forma Temple ond the” a — tiple Suboepuenh iy? a red into care holomium ton ov fn rvel ophibie attoek, ty hobdle Pon ge shown 4,9 —dihalide , a pos 72d Uh = oh. 2% mete > dete la 4 HET oh a Oo --- Ay = Or { 7 UR- usar —b Ws — co Lo mee od He on — Gf Br0) Addition. of halogen ould ( Hy = el, HB) r complet vith alkea form con vortinig_ inhormedigte. $5 the Ln abep audlesphile g x2 eck “Phe bntermadate so frm re. a _ products *_sprmehiaal alkene : fal UL = + H-By —_, me be > ne - Sa ” ju Oy ~ Cth Aer For unaysmmehy oat alkene + H silo morckownirefft mule. i Palermo aaa cect rmoleoule +, Om monn cheical alkene” oesuys ™, ouch a wey the the ave Port of the mmo tecule 9089 he Pha} dowel bode rb atm whieh eontun move Mm of ' hgebragen. U- UF Son + apy > tise rg Thy ie — ney ~ oh y Ub — g nbs (mise) ‘Scanned wih CamScannerPnmorosniffs anf wh, penne et) a wy quot pre fo mano vanihefiy rule. ome) the reaction — oeeurro in prnence ce Orme igi cin oh eth ryt i , {740 \ + os Zn Ve ° : 6 Uig-E-H + yd Uy = cerca ya’ : Cy +05 fa ty Om as/ath ved rl opro a ° ? Ub-U-t + oF ‘Scanned wih CamScannerobp Sep ie ate 13 @ om bs +N —> th-e@—y NN Se ON ye ye 06 1 y oy Men —e-x r° oy 6 -t stp Oh, cM tnt — Ch, —¢ ‘Scanned with CamScanner@ vale eat Here. oddition of yy in _prenence of ail. aeg Hier place — ocemrding/ fy aan marhooridf ule. @ HR =the + tho #8, Cig CL OF mechomidm <“@ mats oe, BERS BS oy oF : Hh, O° we =U + thd 7 ty — cH ty be 0 6 Ub— C= tye HS ly — 2 - Ub a thy — EH FT ay ea He a ry Ue 0g a Uy Oy, © tethon fe sinner Ridorome ge oddded areal to alktre - ocurding) ts marhowmikep rule « thy — or = ty, Bata, (ui heen) machomis Se > 2th - Un-th=6 i — ote Oy — He eT yt Bin fe Be | paper (asemem) 3 ‘Scanned wih ComScannerB Nuceophile Addon Renckir 2 nie eee there et moclesphile. attyex 6 Hoe eber-rem — hora Comb, ee form om ventoble _referne. —digde which se omd form Fino, pects acid ok ome} ee ht Sold calatyoed renchon. fat profnchin fo ager “tees flee “nd then mudkoprite. aoa ombeg! rb oeenyn, e ety ~ Ow Chee + Ht + om OH Ys eon ihre ereactipt_—one_ fm \yooe. ely actin fit mulesp hike olf, te Ahectophile centre then protenahin stake place nue +h nun + Sy — oe pt r on pie Cty - FH Ny® —> Cy FH AF Bia tay NU NU O Aen of Grignomel Reagents Covers] — eompumds — senor with sow eb om bi. ptt which. at 7 oom alcohol. Cy” on Pnpby arene oA mp CHa CHa oe a : ° x L 1 2° . ye i. ) a4 ee tho) ; et E.— thy anys me nb eg o ‘Scanned wih CemScanner@ kdditin 2 Nth: , . ont “ih Cy =O tN —> Hig E08 => to~ ¢ on. a Us It H pe eam # f (Maténine tdditon of hyBrorg| comine (ninst) ) ot Onno 1) ' Ribs = oe Ft ~Cy=n—olt ¢ pe mitts 7 Pes Oh, - cP Nine tig Oe N-O ty — oa nF Urs, hy @ Adolition hy ine 2 pane omy 1 Un- ee9 + Nh—wth 7 Oe eh i? +r Uis~ Cen np Oy th Chs,— Sy Sean —> tg Soy Me tn VEL a inn contin tp chs @ taditim of phen! tyteaaine a & oF RA Ws Une ae ne 4 R R 4" i Ne =n e-@) @ padition of ow pRinitvopher! hychazine)¢ a! so nop, Nese 4 wnent QO, ye ewe Orn, b Rn a ‘Scanned wih CamScannerNi) ww Benzoin Whe herzal demyde nef nith — aleoho We Condensation § potomnim ewoenide form 4 ~igr0 seefone., vrei ~” | Peneorn, “TH rresation uno 00° benzoln ernder —aahon, cp TB 8 bimolecular —vregctim. fn 2 ()-cte —2e__ ane thom), 4 (Bevzein) Chaiianen- Sehmiclt Reachon t Bewzoldebyte — readin with ofiphahiee ooh donfeuin -y am oben fn prenrenae of cttate wadtrform_ 0 wmaturetesl conboryf comnpauindl « On cil t “1 Bay + emstio-Toan?| Gt eansto| Bam, Gpun erat ( cornomolatenyde] - i oF i il. {Ohete + em bt al bch nutg| Hn (0}_ us = a4 0 cay ‘Scanned with CemScanner® Aldcl Condensation § Aldeyde omd Yelone rene H ofom in prevence of dilid® bose (Noot | bot ) underdtlen af adtdition oy evens oaditim_— rreachion aes A pono wetone 0 _produet, » oF Q qu - eH + ad Noo = 8H = et-e—Ht mechomid- h 3 sat ome Sah ¥, ® oe wy 1 cm BE Mn FF, une ane Lm a i Uy - One Uae -H Simon, ; ong QU 8 09 + noodle) <= exh, — 6 cin- © ~ eg Us evo _alclol i r ts my ? Cy - oF + Ct -¢ - Uy Up OR ee My [Reachim — penery “9 obferent— coriovres) ereparnd, wns A om erom adda! ) he ‘Scanned wih CemScanner© aawnizare’s Rections . en Pdehyce oma ov vob Lacking ot hyOred™ unddrgoes df ouidahon 9nd Fectuetion rer chon in presence of “50% KOK Ov athoons Lit Walt giver act omd al eshot - ‘ o gu-c-n iw y don + Uo nechomre 0 in /Be, FG Ws — > pee Oy we TQ oy ow [7 > 0 1-8-8 ano H PHS y= 8 Siviloed: ° y + Gite Baal, Oem «Gon +H foetal dey de Co) an acetone ( crrgeo Oty) dee mst undergoes Gonmtzovvo bh teourn ¢ Athy etosn 82 yer ame undergoes aldo} — condemahion veachon. ‘Scanned wih CamScanner@ Faee “radical Adlditon Reaction © There —Teachory ane soihishe) by free nodes TH ype of reaction Fakes place in pucl presence J ago polor colvenf- Cs) realy , benzeve. andl ognte perowidle- = tig, = hah 4 oe SES ty Yh te By Step 4 Formehin of free crochicah R-0-0-R 5 9.R0' ROG Be —> ROW TOY skp 2 Poapog tin v™ 2 ti, eo bx Hy Ube CH HB oy Ch, - Gh as Step +3 “Terminghon BPS apy - run By (ceyo) Cty CHa She ee cb ee 7 7 (oe) Uy OH - ChB ‘Scanned with CamScannerO Elation Revlon ¢ titi msen ribet Bb veverse om oddbifion rerchon . Here the Preduels owe vm‘ Phe Lona of nimple amecutes Uke tho, xe ee aL, +L) cond the product ® ‘nachoverte ompoumd. * nd dy Gon, HasOy He = Oty, Elimination veaction — ome. of we tyres: O « 7 ehinimartion “Ex to nich Po 6 eliminated fem the came carbon. ots. Hele —s rec 4 Hey O a- elimination: gn tin ome hos owe. eliminated from he ah o4yacent Onto atom f the mo} eoule - ual Kot. Chg ri tor ak a rm 7 Shin este tlhs o8 pe oho Eyl (Nuelephilia Ebi nation Uniioleculor) co Be bb gpite —nimilowr ty the sql omechornv) m_ oma, georst/ oeere in techn” all hale 6, ag two okp mmechom inn. Sh th ine uy mie nd igo , Wt embscation a. Snfermedeere, Ce mas, the donbon ‘Scanned with CamScannerfy And tap She snucLeaptile obrhrachs 0 prt trem she oabor fo fort am ofhene.. Z| p-? Sept KOH > ut + OHO ots, Gb, be = YR yy eB tO 1a dy Os, aa be se on KS + OF tot, ty GPa ay ie The oh te i Tete oh this wteactin ag =¥f ang! pote] te Se rate of trie vrenction olependa only” onthe FF ef malate For tris wreath i vnjmofeelory in The onder Eyl lity) : Pinoys F fy enchoity o Teh > Sunder hate Theale gael ge: Plana — QD Curd ionizing’ adlvent ® Elevated -temMerafore . atte of cottoeton. Eq a (Eliminatin — Nueleophile inl eur) oo This rreachion yy nimilory to re Sn D creackon. 4 oe pin. Bs lynne NE etegey in primey aig! abide Here SERRE 0 ay Sateen grup pee mv fe proten. from comb a ry he ataching booe Sy oceura i. angle hp a. - Lo, — Hag gy esc + Ho +8r ot fae = [imal Mela] [ot] on ‘Scanned wih CamScannereee ct Here the mte. ee CReasalrshion one —ernce afin -torm_. That hy Hhid forte __wearhion_—. M5 , at Any Anis Cmeentratim a sted halo! oma bare +» hat ny "Seti iy Ebnifecuten chin « wom 4, aompeurds Mee hoe mre. shor hemp, ) ome fh ~elimingtion. oceurra aecording sto 0s ale. Saytzeft awe ¢ Ricving the eliminehon process ef alkyl halide, chezen id eliminated prfeertaly am the A- bon. atoms hich in yasned to Ihe Leontaumber + aye atmo ee the Pai Phe mend — mutha” glee’. CHa eth Om — eh eS ey Che thy + Br (gov) Hy CHa — OH = Oty (einer) trofmann 'o mule) neevoed 4p thet of “Sintadf rule» Q Polpmerination Reaction ¢ The union, of as Moleruler ty form a gle amo eet with, high $y amdleeulory ete a called faa omd ~ the Product 4 bled & pilymes. of-eptsonis ‘ 7 0g “gen ‘Scanned wih CamScannerhids- Alder Reaction or iene Synthesis a The a qe eddition reachion omd ming Ummpound are toned witht) ebieination. + a tompannd The lies ad oldley readin behaeen, og reaction roy be written a the diene ord ag demophile amd the awchon _proeced Hoaugh tre formahin of nit. member ye “hoeattion —atete omd for a nik member rH Ok Cod diene em vndegoes aliels-older reachon mat srofteoid. diene . re Some ofhbey coop R . A “ &. D> OS C L— of ° ot ) we 7 a Zz 4 " pols — t a esol Coup ‘: ° Af - aoe ‘Scanned wih CamScanneroes Ase pirin » obteie. acid Chemie mame > oeelyl § : Aopinie. b nine Y fom sabi cs 28d Ahem Fd heated 4 with osehe. ‘ite JP tam on 0 coetycts SH om eseri tection reaction, 001 jar cane OW 0 fi Omer oe Cr + UBT NO EN Co ¥ tye op Medial We © Geedoske ® Fever 6 Slant @ Karonki dineme. Lercanetamol 4 —* Se obtatnan “Whe phen itofeg Nando, Time onthe amd Ppovernttaphena ® fom pees 8 pore ated a team uafilation Tis p-ribor ~ phenol % wedyted te p- oreoino Ph engl vd Sole streted saith acetic Pegs oH Ow OW ail: coe co ane + oy of on. “ nite > Natt oo uincéo tna, -———— i NOL Nh medial wet QI. woot Hy che, ‘ta sefuerza, dlengue. forex ae 4, bond ae wetle- pain” eke. awa. ps Ms encessIve wot MOO atte He ey ‘ ‘ ‘Scanned with CamScanner6 Phenyl Putaane * B® med hy weetome othathy 5 aeate gout, tel leotng/ ws rrttocem afi'on Hs oath ofe ( J y G foo aererval vide ue Atomadh= pein Nomifis meat Mragrnnia- giddtnen eh. q 6 salbutamol : Sh ov weal +) eure onthyng .omd eae Lng nvelotech ib issues. ® Anal int C+ w wed both on ontip etre, om al amalgesic. GF m weal to elie from h ‘ache pon the hooky j influenza , tora ~fevey ee: Enmeemive wed cadesvewe vhite blsod corpustes (86) « ‘Scanned wih ComScanner