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Cambridge O level 2058

2009- 2022 Paper 21/22 May/June and Oct/Nov

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 Chapter #6 The History & Importance of Hadith
Topic/ Sub topic Questions Sessions
The compilation of 1. (a) Why did it become important to compile the prophetic Hadiths after the time of the Rightly Guided May/June 2018 22
Hadith (Reasons) Caliphs? [10]

Significance for not (b) What was the significance of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬not allowing the writing down of Hadiths in the early days Oct/Nov 2013 21
allowing by the of his prophet hood? [04]
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
Reasons for (b) In your opinion what were the main reasons for Hadith collections? Give reasons for your answer. May/June 2020 21
compiling the  Briefly discuss why the need arose during the early Islamic period to compile the Hadiths of the May/June 2013
Hadith Prophet ‫?ﷺ‬ [04]
The Earliest 2. (a) Write an account of the collection of Hadiths during: [10] May/June 2020 21
Collection of i. The Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬lifetime, and
Hadith ii. The time of the Companions immediately after the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬death.
The Classification 3. (a) Write a detailed account of the Musannaf and Musnad collections of Hadith. [10]
of Hadith  What do Muslims generally understand by the terms:
Collection • Isnad and Matn of Hadiths; • Musannaf and Musnad Hadiths
Sanad & Matn, Oct/Nov 2019 22
Musnad & Oct/Nov 2014 21
Musannaf
The more (b) In your opinion, from the two Hadith collections above, which is the more useful to Muslims?
useful/beneficial  Which in your opinion is more beneficial for Muslims to have; Musannaf collections or Musnad
Hadith collection collections of Hadiths? Give reasons for your answer. [04]
The Compilation of 4. (a) Write an account of the compilation of Hadiths during the period of the Successors of the May/June 2019 22
the six Authentic Successors. [10]
Books

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 The 5. (a) Write an account of the following three categories of Hadiths: [10] May/June 2022 21
classifications of i. Sound Hadith (Sahih) ii. Good Hadith (Hasan) iii. Weak Hadith (Da’if).
Hadith  Hadiths are broadly classified as sound (sahih), good (Hasan) and weak (Da’if). Write a detailed
account of these three categories of Hadiths. Oct/Nov 2018 22
Parts of Hadith and 6. (a) Write a detailed account of the parts of a Hadith and say how these parts help in determining the May/June 2016 22
categories including different categories of Hadiths, namely: Sahih; Hasan; Da’if and Mawdu’. [10]
Mawdu
Importance of (b) In your opinion, why was it considered important to classify Hadiths into Sahih, Hasan and Da’if? Give May/June 2022 21
classifying Hadith reasons to support your answer.
Oct/Nov 2018 22
(b) What in your opinion is the importance of classifying Hadiths? [04]
Types of Hadith & 7. (a) What are the different types of Hadiths? How is each Hadith classified into the different types? [10] Oct/Nov 2012 22
its further (b) What are the advantages of having different categories of Hadiths? [04]
classification
Judging the 8. (a) Write about the checks made on the transmitters of Hadiths and on the text of Hadiths to ensure Oct/Nov 2021 22
Authenticity of their authenticity. [10]
Hadith  Write a detailed account of the two components of Hadiths: • chain of transmission (Isnad) and • text May/June 2021 21
(Matn)
May/June 2019 21
 Give a detailed account of the checks made on the text and narrators of Hadiths.
 What measures were taken in early Islamic times to check the reliability of Hadiths? Oct/Nov 2018 21
 What rules did the writers of the six authentic books (Sihah Sitta) apply to ensure the authenticity of
May/June 2014 22
Hadiths?
 How did the compilers of Hadiths (muhadditheen) judge between acceptable and unacceptable May/June 2010
Hadiths?
Hadith-e-Qudsi (b) ‘Truly, My mercy overcomes My wrath’. This is a Hadith Qudsi. What is special about Hadiths of this Oct/Nov 2010
kind? [04]

Parts of Hadith 9. (a) Write a descriptive account of the terms Isnad and Matn of a Hadith and the role they play in May/June 2017 21
and its establishing the genuineness of a Hadith. [10]

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 genuineness/  Write an account of the parts that make up a Hadith, and describe the checks made by the collectors of
authenticity the Hadiths to ensure the accuracy of their collections. May/June 2015 21
 Write about the structure of a Hadith and describe the main methods used by the compilers of Hadiths
to establish their genuineness. Oct/Nov 2013 21
Importance of (b) Both of these components are equally important for establishing the authenticity of Hadiths. Do you May/June 2021 21
Sanad & Matn for agree? Give reasons to support your answer. [04]
authenticity of
Hadith
Importance/ (b) Why was so much importance given to collecting and preserving authentic Hadiths? [04] Oct/Nov 2021 22
advantages of  In your opinion what are the main advantages of carrying out checks to confirm the reliability of the May/June 2019 21
authentic Hadith Hadiths?
 Why was it important for the Muslim community to have authentic Hadiths? Oct/Nov 2018 21
May/June 2017 21
 How does the Muslim community benefit by having genuine compilations of Hadiths?
May/June 2015 21
 Why was it important to check the accuracy of Hadiths?
 In your opinion what are the main advantages of having authentic Hadiths? May/June 2014 21
 Why in your opinion was it important for them to apply these rules? May/June 2014 22
Reasons for 10. (a) Write an account of: [10] Oct/Nov 2020 22
compiling Hadith • The reasons given by scholars for compiling Hadith collections, and;
& it’s authenticity • The checks made to confirm their authenticity.
(b) What is the purpose of having false Hadiths in Hadith collections? [04]
Judging the bio of 11. (a) Describe how the compilers of the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬Hadiths checked the biographies of the transmitters, May/June 2014 21
transmitters (sanad) and say why they thought it was important to do so. [10]
& it’s important
Importance of (b) Why do you think the chain of narrators (Isnad) of a Hadith is given so much importance in establishing May/June 2019 22
sanad its genuineness? [04]

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 Ahadith-e-Nabawi ‫ ﷺ‬for special study
Topic/ Sub topic Questions Sessions
Individual 1. (a) Using four of the set Hadiths, outline the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬teachings about how a Muslim should conduct
Conduct their personal life. Oct/Nov 2022 22
 From the set Hadiths you have studied outline the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬teachings on the individual conduct Oct/Nov 2019 21
of Muslims. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what are the communal benefits of following the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬Hadiths? Give reasons to Oct/Nov 2022 22
support your answer.
(b) How do Muslims benefit in their community life by following the guidance given in the Prophet’s ‫ﷺ‬ Oct/Nov 2019 21
Communal benefits Hadiths?
of following the
(b) How do you think following the guidance of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬as regards communal living can improve
Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬Hadith Oct/Nov 2014 22
society today? [04]
2. (a) Referring to the set Hadiths write about the benefits to the community of following the Prophet’s ‫ﷺ‬ Oct/Nov 2021 21
guidance. [10]
(b) Why is the example of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬important for Muslims today? [04]

Life in 3. (a) Write an account of how the Hadiths of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬stress upon the unity of the Islamic Oct/Nov 2017 21
Community community. Use at least four set Hadiths from the syllabus to develop your answer. [10]
Unity of the Islamic (b) Why do you think Islam gives so much importance to maintaining unity within the Islamic
Community community? [04]

Care in the 4. (a) Giving references from the set Hadiths you have studied outline the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬teachings about Oct/Nov 2016 22
Community care in the community. [10]
(b) How can the teachings of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬concerning care in the community be applied today? [04]

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 Conduct of 5. (a) Outline the main teachings of the set Hadiths about the conduct of Muslims in communal life. Oct/Nov 2014 22
Muslims in  From the set Hadiths outline the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬teachings about the conduct of the individual in the May/June 2013
Communal life community.
 Outline the main teachings of the Hadiths you have studied, from the passages set for special study,
about the responsibilities of individual Muslims. [10] Oct/Nov 2011

Treatment with 6. (a) According to the teachings of the set Hadiths you have studied, outline the ways in which Muslims May/June 2012
one another should treat one another. [10]

Behavior towards (b) How does following the example of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬in one’s behavior towards others affect the May/June 2013
others affect the community? [04]
community

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Chapter # 7 The Rightly Guided Caliphs
Topic/ Sub topic Questions Sessions

Caliph Abu Bakr Siddique

Election & 1. (a) Give an account of the election of Abu Bakr and the expedition he sent to Syria soon after becoming May/June 2021 22
expedition to Syria caliph. [10]

Election & 2. (a) Write a detailed account of the election of Abu Bakr as the first caliph and the action he took against Oct/Nov 2019 22
action against any two of the false prophets. [10]
Oct/Nov 2012 21
false prophets  Write about the election of Abu Bakr as caliph and how he dealt with the false prophets during his
reign.
Election & 3. (a) Write a detailed account about the election and administration of Abu Bakr. [10] Oct/Nov 2017 22
administration

Administration 4. (a) Give an account of the steps taken by Abu Bakr to establish his caliphate. [10] Oct/Nov 2022 21
 Write an account of how Abu Bakr led the Islamic empire when he became the first caliph. Oct/Nov 2020 22
 Write an account of the achievements of Abu Bakr as the first caliph of Islam. Oct/Nov 2019 21
 Write a detailed account of Abu Bakr’s achievements as Caliph. May/June 2018 21
Significant (b) In your opinion, which one of Abu Bakr’s achievements as caliph was the most significant? Give reasons Oct/Nov 2022 21
achievement/ to support your answer. [04]
action/ greatest  Explain the most significant action Abu Bakr took as caliph.
contribution/ May/June 2021 22
 Which was his greatest contribution as caliph? Give reasons for your answer.
service/ most Oct/Nov 2019 21
 What was the most serious danger faced by the Islamic state during Abu Bakr’s caliphate?
serious challenge Oct/Nov 2019 22
 In your opinion, what was the greatest service performed by Abu Bakr during his caliphate? Oct/Nov 2017 22
 In your opinion what was the most important task that faced Abu Bakr on becoming caliph? Briefly discuss. Oct/Nov 2011 21

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 False prophets 5. (a) Write an account of the false prophet Musailimah and the battle fought against him in 632. [10] May/June 2021 21
Musailimah & (b) What was the importance of this battle to future generations of Muslims? [04]
Battle of Yamama
Battle of Yamama 6. (a) Write a detailed account of the battle of Yamama, and of the compilation of the Qur’an during the May/June 2016 22
& the compilation caliphate of Abu Bakr. [10]
of Quran
Account of four 7. Write a detailed account of the four false prophets, and how the caliph Abu Bakr defeated h them. [10] May/june14 21
false prophets

Importance of (b) Why was defeating the false prophets so important to the stability of the Islamic state during Abu Oct/Nov 2020 22
defeating false Bakr’s caliphate? [04]
May/June 2014 21
prophets  Why did Abu Bakr think it of great importance to defeat the false prophets?
False prophets & 8. (a) Describe Abu Bakr's activities against the false prophets and apostate tribes. [10] Oct/Nov 2009
apostate tribes
Significance of (b) What was the significance of his actions in dealing firmly with the apostate tribes? [04] May/June 2018 21
dealing with the
apostate tribes

Refusal of Zakat 9. (a) Write an account of the campaign led by Abu Bakr against the tribes refusing to pay zakat. [10] Oct/Nov 2018 22

Importance of (b) How important in your view was this campaign against the tribes refusing to pay zakat? [04] Oct/Nov 2018 22
campaigning  Abu Bakr fought against those who refused to pay zakat during his caliphate. In your view what is May/June 2017 21
against the refusal the significance of this action?
of Zakat

Events in his 10. (a) Write about any two major events that took place during the caliphate of Abu Bakr. [10] May/June 2015 21
caliphate (b) In your opinion which of the two events you have written about in Part (a) was the more significant
and why? [04]

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Title Al-Siddique (b) The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬called Abu Bakr ‘al-Siddiq’ (Testifier of the Truth). How did Abu Bakr live up to his May/June 2016 22
title during his caliphate? [04]
A good Caliph (b) Was Abu Bakr a good choice as caliph? Give reasons to support your answer. [04] Oct/Nov 2012 21
Savior of Islam (b) Why was Abu Bakr given the title ‘Savior of Islam’? [04] Oct/Nov 2010 01
 Why Abu Bakr is called the Savior of Islam? Oct/Nov 2009 02

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 Caliph Hazrat Umar Farooq
Topic/ Sub topic Questions Sessions
Administrative 1. (a) Give an account of the administrative reforms that improved the lives of people in ‘Umar’s Oct/Nov 2022 22
Reforms caliphate. [10]
 Write an account of the administration of the caliphate under ‘Umar. May/June 2020 21
 Umar’s caliphate is regarded as a golden era in Islamic history.’ Write an account of how ‘Umar
ruled during his ten-year caliphate. May/June 2015 22
 Umar made several administrative reforms during his ten-year caliphate. Write an account of at May/June 2017 22
least five of them and say how these reforms helped make his rule so admirable.
May/June 2011
 Write a detailed account of the administrative measures put in place by Umar during his caliphate.

His last days & (b) What do ‘Umar’s actions in his last days after his attack tell you about his character? [04] Oct/Nov 2022 22
character
Important feature (b) In your opinion what was the most important feature of ‘Umar’s administration? [04] May/June 2020 21
Greatest (b) What do you think was ‘Umar’s greatest achievement during his rule? Explain why you think so. [04] May/June 2015 22
achievement
The golden period (b) “‘Umar’s caliphate is regarded as the golden period of early Islamic history.” Discuss. [04] May/June 2011
of history
Battles & 2. (a) Write about the Battle of the Bridge and the Battle of Buwayb, fought during the caliphate of Umar. May/June 2022 21
Conquests [10]
Battle of the (b) Why was victory in the Battle of Buwayb significant for Muslims? [04]
Bridge & Buwayb

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 The battle of 3. (a) Write a detailed account about the Battle of Yarmuk fought in the caliphate of ‘Umar. [10] May/June 2020 22
Yarmuk  Write an account about the Battle of Yarmuk fought during the caliphate of ‘Umar. May/June 2014 21
Significance of the (b) What was the significance of the conquest of Jerusalem in ‘Umar’s caliphate? [04] May/June 2020 22
conquest of
Jerusalem & his (b) How does ‘Umar’s conduct at the surrender of Jerusalem set an example for Muslims? [04] Oct/Nov 2012 22
conduct

Any two battles & 4. (a) Write a detailed account of two battles under the caliphate of ‘Umar. [10] May/June 2018 22
their importance (b) Give reasons for why you have selected the two battles in Part (a) as being the most important. [04]

Any two Persian 5. The conquest of Persia was one of ‘Umar’s great achievements. Write an account of any two battles May/June 2016 21
battles and their fought with the Persians during his caliphate. [10]
significance (b) Say which in your opinion was the most significant of the battles fought under ‘Umar against the
Persians and why. [04]

Battle of Qadisiya 6. (a) Give an account of the following two battles during the rule of ‘Umar May/June 2013
Battle of Yarmuk 1. Battle of Qadisiya 2. Battle of Yarmuk. [10]

Expansion of the 7. (a) Trace the expansion of the Islamic empire under the rule of the caliph ‘Umar. [10] May/June 2009
Islamic empire
Personality as a (b) Which in your opinion was ‘Umar’s greatest quality as caliph? Give reasons for your choice. [04] May/June 2017 22
military leader or (b) Was ‘Umar better as a military leader or as an administrator? [04]
May/June 2013
administrator
Martyrdom (b) In your opinion what lesson(s) can be learnt from the martyrdom of ‘Umar? [04] Oct/Nov 2018 22
 ‘Umar’s unbending attitude led to his assassination’. What can Muslims learn from this? May/June 2014 21
 What does the way he died tell us about his character? May/June 2009

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 Caliph Hazrat Usman
Topic/ Sub topic Questions Sessions
Election & 1. (a) Uthman was the third caliph of Islam. Write an account of his election and the administration of Oct/Nov 2021 21
administration his caliphate. [10]
Administration 2. (a) Give an account of the administration of the caliphate under ‘Uthman. [10] Oct/Nov 2020 21
(a) Write in detail about the policy followed by ‘Uthman as caliph in expanding and maintaining the Oct/Nov 2016 22
state.
Election & the 3. Give an account of: [10] Oct/Nov 2016 21
compilation of the (i) The election of the caliph ‘Uthman, and
Quran (ii) The compilation of the Qur’an that took place during his caliphate.
The greatest (b) ‘Uthman’s greatest achievement as caliph was the compilation of the Qur’an’. Do you agree or Oct/Nov 2021 21
achievement(Quran) disagree? Give reasons for your answer. [04]
Burning the Quran (b) How justified were the criticisms against ‘Uthman for burning the copies of the Qur’an? Give reasons Oct/Nov 2016 22
for your answer. [04]
The greatest (b) In your opinion what was ‘Uthman’s greatest achievement as caliph? [04] Oct/Nov 2020 21
achievement (Military, Administrative or the Compilation of the Qur’an)
Reasons of the 4. Give an account of the main reasons for the revolt against Uthman’s rule and the events of the May/June 2022 21
revolt & Rebellions rebellion in Madina? [10]
 Outline the reasons for the unrest against ‘Uthman and write an account of the rebellion in May/June 2019 21
Madina that led to his martyrdom.
 Outline the charges levelled against ‘Uthman by his opponents, and describe the main events of Oct/Nov 2015 22
the revolt against him. Oct/Nov 2014 21
 What were the causes of the revolt against ‘Uthman and what charges were made against him?

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 5. (a) What were the consequences of ‘Uthman’s murder? [10] Oct/Nov 2013 22
The consequences of (b) In your opinion, what was the most serious consequence of Uthman’s assassination? Give reasons to May/June 2022 21
Hazrat Uthman’s support your answer. [04]
Oct/Nov 2015 22
R.A murder (b) What do you think was the most harmful outcome of Uthman’s assassination?

Lessons from caliphs (b) ‘Umar and ‘Uthman stood by what they believed to be just and were martyred for the position they May/June 2019 21
martyrdoms took. Can lessons be learnt from their martyrdom? [04]
Lesson from Uthman’s (b) Can Muslims today learn lessons from the martyrdom of ‘Uthman? Give reasons for your answer. Oct/Nov 2014 21
martyrdom [04]
Major events, 6. (a) What major events took place during the caliphate of ‘Uthman? [10] May/June 2010
difficulties & (b) Explain why ‘Uthman encountered difficulties in the later years of his caliphate and was assassinated.
assassination
[04]

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 Caliphate of Hazrat Ali
Topic/ Sub topic Questions Sessions
Martyrdom of Hazrat 1. (a) Write an account of the martyrdom of Uthman and the election of Ali as caliph. [10] May/June 2022 22
Uthman & Election of (b) Why do you think Ali encountered so much opposition after becoming caliph? [04]
Hazrat Ali R.A
Changing of 2. (a) ‘Ali’s policy of changing the governors appointed by ‘Uthman led to a lot of problems for him. Oct/Nov 2015 21
governors, its Outline: [10]
reasons & effects. (i) His reasons for making these changes.
(ii) The effects of his policy. (a brief account of Camel & Siffin with their outcomes for Ali will also be
A strong Caliph addressed)
(b) Ali was a strong caliph. Give reasons to agree or disagree with this statement. [04]
Problems in his 3. (a) Ali’s caliphate was riddled with problems. Describe what these problems were. [10] May/June 2014 22
caliphate (b) Choose any one problem you have written about in Part (a) and say why you think it was
significant. [04]

The Battle of Camel 4. (a) Write a detailed account of the Battle of the Camel. [10] Oct/Nov 2021 22
& its consequence (b) What was the most serious consequence of this battle to the Muslims at the time it was fought?
Give reasons to support your answer. [04]
Opposition & the 5. (a) Give a detailed account of the following events: [10] Oct/Nov 2019 21
Battle of Camel (i) The opposition faced by ‘Ali when he became caliph and
(ii) The Battle of Camel

The greatest threat (b) In your opinion what was the greatest threat faced by ‘Ali during his caliphate? [04]
Opposition of 6. (a) Write an account of the events that resulted from the opposition of Talha and Zubair to ‘Ali. May/June 2016 22
Talha and Zubair (The battle of Camel will be addressed and long term effects) [10]
& its reason (b) Explain why Talha and Zubair opposed ‘Ali. [04]
May/June 2009

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The Battle of Siffin & 7. (a) Write in detail about the Battle of Siffin and the events that led up to it. [10] May/June 2021 22
events led up to it
Muawiya’s 8. Muawiya was opposed to ‘Ali’s caliphate. Give reasons for his opposition and write an account of the May/June 2019 22
opposition & Battle Battle of Siffin which resulted from this opposition. [10]
Refused to step down (b) Explain why you think Muawiya refused to step down from the governorship of Syria at ‘Ali’s May/June 2016 22
from the governorship request.
and to accept Ali R.A (b) Explain why you think Muawiya refused to accept ‘Ali? [04] Oct/Nov 2010
The Battle of Siffin 9. (a) Write a descriptive account of the Battle of Siffin and the arbitration that followed it. [10] Oct/Nov 2020 21
& arbitration
The arbitration & 10. (a) How did the arbitration following the Battle of Siffin lead to the emergence of the Kharijites? [10] Oct/Nov 2018 21
emergence of (b) ‘The Kharijites were the main reason for ‘Ali not winning the Battle of Siffin.’ Do you agree or
Kharijites disagree? [04]
The Battle of Siffin, 11. (a) Write about the following events that took place during the caliphate of ‘Ali: [10] May/June 2017 21
Kharijites & i. The battle of Siffin;
arbitration ii. The emergence of Kharijites.
iii. The arbitration after Siffin
The consequence of (b) In your opinion, what was the main consequence of this battle? [04] May/June 2021 22
the battle/ arbitration  What in your opinion was the most serious outcome of the arbitration? Oct/Nov 2020 21
 In your opinion what was the most serious consequence of the outcome of this battle? May/June 2019 22
 What in your opinion was the most serious consequence of the outcome of the arbitration during May/June 2017 21
the rest of ‘Ali’s reign?

Main events of the 12. (a) What were the main events of the caliphate of ‘Ali? [10] Oct/Nov 2010
caliphate of Hazrat  Describe the main events of the caliphate of ‘Ali. May/June 2009
Ali R.A

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 Important battles 13. (a) Which important battles were fought during the caliphate of ‘Ali? Write a descriptive account of May/June 2013
each. [10]
(Camel, Siffin &
(b) ‘Ali was the right ruler for the time’. Briefly discuss this statement. [04]
Nahrawan)
Martyrdom (b) ‘Ibn Muljam’s murder of ‘Ali was unjustified’. Discuss, giving reasons for your answer. [04] Oct/Nov 2013 22

Collective Questions
Leadership 1. (a) Write an account of the leadership qualities shown by the Rightly Guided Caliphs during their May/June 2022 22
characteristics of rule. Give examples to support your answer. [10]
Caliphs/ Role model  Outline the characteristics of the caliphates of all four Rightly Guided Caliphs which make them Oct/Nov 2017 22
for leaders today an example of leadership for Muslim rulers.
 Write about how the four Rightly Guided Caliphs are role models for leaders today. Oct/Nov 2012 22
Example of leadership (b) Choose an example of leadership shown by the Rightly Guided Caliphs and say how it can be applied May/June 2022 22
for leaders today by leaders today. [04]
Characteristic of the (b) In your opinion which characteristic of the rules of the caliphs, if adopted by the present-day rulers, Oct/Nov 2017 22
rule of the Caliphs & would improve the lives of ordinary people in the countries they live in? [04]
its implementation by
the rulers today
The pattern of rule 2. (a) Write about how the four Rightly Guided Caliphs ruled during their caliphates in accordance Oct/Nov 2013 21
by the Caliphs with Islamic values. [10]
(b) Choose any one practice of the caliphs from Part (a) and explain how governments today could act on
it. [04]

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 3. Write about the role of ‘Umar and ‘Uthman in preserving the Qur’an. [10] Oct/Nov 2021 22
The compilation of (a) Write about the compilation of the Qur’an in the caliphates of both Abu Bakr and ‘Uthman. [10] May/June 2020 21
the Holy Quran  Outline the reasons why the caliphs Abu Bakr and ‘Uthman thought it necessary to compile the
Oct/Nov 2017 21
Qur’an and describe how they went about completing this task.
Importance of the (b) In your opinion, were the two stages of the preservation of the Qur’an equally important? Give Oct/Nov 2021 22
compilation of the reasons to support your answer. [04]
Quran/ the greatest  In your opinion was the compilation of the Qur’an the greatest achievement of the two caliphs? Give May/June 2020 21
achievement reasons for your answer.
 In your opinion, how important was it to have a complied copy of the Qur’an and what could have Oct/Nov 2017 21
been the dangers of not having one?
Events of 4. (a) Write a descriptive account of the important events that took place in the caliphates of any two of May/June 2012
Caliphates the four Rightly Guided Caliphs. [10]
 Briefly describe the main events of the caliphate of any two of the rightly guided caliphs given Oct/Nov 2011 21
below: (i) Abu Bakr (ii) ‘Umar (iii) ‘Uthman

Significance of (b) Briefly state why any one event you have written about in part (a) was of special significance. [04] May/June 2012
event
The Battle of 5. (a) Write an account of the Battle of Yamama fought during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, and the Battle Oct/Nov 2014 22
Yarmuk & Camel of the Camel fought during the caliphate of ‘Ali. [10]
(b) Which of these two battles was in your opinion the more significant? [04]
Martyrdom Question # 7 (a) Choose any two caliphs from the three given below and say how and why they were Oct/Nov 2018 22
martyred: [10]
(i) Umar ii. Uthman iii. Ali.
(b) Three of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs were martyred for the decisions they made. Can Muslim
leaders today learn anything from this? Give reasons for your answer. [04] Oct/Nov 2016 21

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Chapter # 8 The Articles of Faith
Topic/ Sub topic Questions Sessions

Belief in Allah 1. (a) Write an account of Muslim belief in the Oneness of God (Tawhid). [10] Oct/Nov 2022 21
(Tawhid)  Write a detailed account of belief in: Oct/Nov 2020 22
1. God as the Supreme Lord and Master of all creation;
Belief 2. God alone is entitled to worship; and
3. God is known by His most beautiful names and attributes.
 Muslims believe that God alone is Lord, that He alone should be worshipped and that His names and May/June 2016 21
attributes are unique to Him. Outline Muslim beliefs in the oneness of God.
 Outline the Muslim teaching about the belief in the oneness of God (Tawhid). May/june13
Nature strengthen (b) How do signs from the natural world strengthen a Muslim’s belief in God? [04] Oct/Nov 2022 21
the belief in Allah
Benefits of Tawhid 2. (a) Belief in the oneness of God (Tawhid) is a fundamental aspect of faith. State how Tawhid benefits May/June 2017 21
Muslims in their everyday life. [10]
Importance
(b) Give reasons to support the statement that without Tawhid there is no faith. [04]

Prohibition of 3. (a) Associating partners (shirk) is opposed to believing in the oneness of God (Tawhid) and can be May/June 2017 22
Shirk divided into three main categories. Write about each category. [10]
A great sin and (b) Why has God repeatedly warned Muslims against committing shirk? [04] May/June 2016 21
warned by Allah  Why associating partners with God is (shirk) regarded as a great sin? May/June 2013

Belief in Angels 4. (a) Islamic teachings revolve around six main Articles of Faith. Write about the following two: May/June 2019 22
•Belief in God, and • Belief in angels. [10]
Belief
 Give an account of Muslim belief in the following:
Oct/Nov 2012 21
(i) Angels; and (ii) Prophets. May/June 2010
 What are Muslim beliefs about angels?

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Importance of belief (b) Why is the belief in angels important for Muslims? [04] May/June 2019 22
in Angels Does belief in angels make a Muslim’s faith stronger? Give reasons for your answer. May/June 2017 22

Importance of (b) Discuss the importance of Jibra’il in comparison to other angels. [04] Oct/Nov 2010
Jibra’il A.S
Responsibilities of 5. (a) According to Muslim belief what part do angels play in the everyday lives of human beings? [10] Oct/Nov 2018 21
Angels (b) What in your opinion is the primary link between angels and prophets in Islam? [04]

Believe in 6. (a) Write an account of Muslim belief in divinely revealed books and their content and purpose. Oct/Nov 2021 21
Revealed Books (a) Name the revealed books mentioned in the Qur’an, giving the names of the messengers they were
Oct/Nov 2014 22
revealed to and the message they contained.
Belief (a) Write a descriptive account of the Muslim belief in revealed books. [10] Oct/Nov 2010
Belief in Divine 7. (a) Write about Muslim belief in: • Divine Books; and • Prophets. [10] May/June 2020 22
Books & Prophets (a) Belief in Prophets and the revealed Books are essential to Islam. Write an account of these two Oct/Nov 2015 21
articles of faith.

The Quran is a (b) In your opinion why is the Qur’an the most important source of Islamic law? Give reasons to support Oct/Nov 2021 21
source of Islamic your answer. [04]
law
Significance of the (b) The Qur’an describes itself as a confirmation of earlier revelations. Does the Qur’an differ in any Oct/Nov 2015 21
Quran significant way from earlier revealed books? [04]
Oct/Nov 2014 22
(b) All revealed books were sent by God. What in your opinion makes the Qur’an unique?
Reasons of different (b) Briefly explain why Allah revealed different books from time to time. [04] Oct/Nov 2011 21
revelations

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 Belief in 8. (a) God sent prophets throughout the ages to guide mankind. Write an account of Muslim belief in Oct/Nov 2022 21
Prophets Prophets. [10]
 Prophets played a central part in conveying God’s message to humanity. Write an account of Muslim May/June 2019 22
belief in Prophets.
 Belief in all the Prophets is one of the articles of faith in Islam. Write about this Muslim belief in Oct/Nov 2016 22
detail. Oct/Nov 2013 22
 Give an account of Muslim belief in Prophets and the messages they preached. Oct/Nov 2011 21
 Give a full account of the Muslim belief in Prophets.
Prophets from their (b) Why were prophets chosen from within their own communities? Give reasons to support your answer. Oct/Nov 2022 21
own community [04]
Importance of belief (b) Why is belief in all prophets important in Islam? Give reasons for your answer. [04] May/June 2020 22
in all Prophets
Reasons for giving (b) Why do you think God gave miracles to his chosen Prophets? [04] May/June 2919 22
miracles to Prophets
Importance of (b) What, in your opinion, is the importance of Prophets being sent to humanity? [04] May/June 2018 21
Prophets
Importance of their (b) How is the message brought by these Prophets important for Muslims today? [04] Oct/Nov 2016 22
message
Importance of (b) How are these prophets and their messages important for Muslims? [04] Oct/Nov 2013 22
Prophets & their
message

Belief in God’s 9. (a) Write an account about the relationship between belief in God’s divine decree and human Oct/Nov 2017 21
Divine Decree responsibility. [10]
May/June 2011
 What does the statement ‘There is no ability or power except through Allah’ tell you about Muslim
Belief belief in Allah’s predestination and decree?

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Importance of belief (b) How does this belief in God’s divine decree affect the day-to-day life of Muslims? [04] Oct/Nov 2017 21
 To what extent does this belief affect the daily living of Muslims? May/June 2011

Belief in life 10. (a) Give a descriptive account of Muslim belief in life after death and the Day of Judgment. [10] Oct/Nov 2022 22
after death and  Write in detail about Muslim belief in Life after Death and the Day of Judgment. May/June 2018 22
the Day of  What do Muslims believe about the Day of Resurrection and Judgment? May/June 2015 22

Judgment
Importance and (b) How does the belief in life after death affect the daily lives of Muslims? [04] Oct/Nov 2022 22
affect of the belief  How does belief in life after death affect the life of a Muslim? May/June 2018 22
 How does this belief affect the daily living of Muslims? May/June 2015 22
 Explain the importance of the Day of Judgment in Muslim belief. Oct/Nov 2012 21
 Why is the belief in resurrection important to Muslims in their daily living? May/June 2010

Jihad 11. (a) Give an account of the ways Muslims can practice jihad peacefully in their daily lives. [10] Oct/Nov 2022 22
Other than armed (b) In your opinion how do Muslims benefit from practicing jihad in their daily lives?
fighting
Armed Warfare 12. (a) In what circumstances are Muslims obliged to engage in: [10] Oct/Nov 2018 21
i. armed fighting (jihad bi-l-Saif) and;
May/June 2014 22
ii. What rules and limitations apply to this jihad?
 Write an account of:
i. The Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬teachings about armed warfare (jihad).
ii. Under what circumstances is jihad thought to be compulsory?
The term Jihad (b) What do you understand by the term jihad? [04] Oct/Nov 2018 21
Armed warfare in (b) ‘The Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬teachings about armed warfare (jihad) are not relevant today’. Do you agree? Give May/June 2014 22
today’s world reasons for your answer. [04]

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Three types of 13. (a) There are five forms of jihad. Write an account of any three of them. [10] May/June 2020 21
Jihad (a) Write an account of the difference in meaning between: Oct/Nov 2016 21
i. Jihad of the self.
ii. Jihad of the tongue
iii. Jihad of the sword.
Important kind of (b) In your opinion, which is the most important kind of jihad? Give reasons for your answer. [04] May/June 2020 21
Jihad
Importance of (b) In your opinion, what is the importance of following the rules of armed jihad in modern times? [04] Oct/Nov 2016 21
following rules in
Jihad

Detailed account 14. (a) Describe the meaning of the term jihad and say how Muslims can practice jihad in their everyday Oct/Nov 2015 22
on Jihad lives.
Oct/Nov 2013 21
(a) Write a description of the Muslim teachings about jihad. [10]
Importance of Jihad (b) Why do you think jihad of the self (Jihad bil-Nafs) is greater than armed jihad (jihad bis-Saif)? Oct/Nov 2015 22
bin Nafs  Why greater jihad is considered the more important? [04] Oct/Nov 2013 21

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 The Pillars of Islam
Topic/ Sub topic Questions Sessions

Shahada 1. (a) ‘There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬is the Messenger of Allah’. Describe the Muslim Oct/Nov 2012 22
The Declaration beliefs summarized by the declaration of faith (Shahada). [10]
of Faith
The Core of Islam (b) Why is the declaration of faith (Shahadah) at the core of Islam? [04] Oct/Nov 2020 22
 Explain how the declaration of faith (Shahada) is acted upon through the remaining four pillars of Oct/Nov 2012 22
Islam.
Significance 2. (a) ‘There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬is His messenger.’ Write about the significance of the May/June 2018 22
Shahada to a Muslim. [10]
Prayers (Salat) 3. (a) Write a detailed account about the second Pillar of Islam: prayer (Salat). [10] Oct/Nov 2021 22

Teachings & 4. Outline the main teachings in the Qur’an and Prophetic ‫ ﷺ‬Hadiths about prayer (Salat) as the May/June 2016 21
Preparations foundation of Islam. Describe how Muslims prepare themselves for prayer. [10]

Benefits of Prayer 5. (a) The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, ‘Between a person and disbelief is discarding prayer.’ What benefits do Oct/Nov 2014 21
Muslims find in regular prayer (Salat)? [10]
Importance & (b) In your opinion, what is the most important benefit of Salat in the lives of Muslims? Give reasons to May/June 2021 22
benefits of Prayer support your answer.
 Why is the second Pillar of Islam prayer (Salat) so important in a Muslim’s life? May/June 2018 22
 Why is it beneficial for Muslims to pray Salat five times a day? [04] May/June 2014 21
Preparations for 6. (a) Write about the following: [10] Oct/Nov 2019 22
Prayer 1. The conditions that should be met before Muslims start prayer (Salat), and
Conditions & 2. The Importance of prayer (Salat) in the life of Muslims.
Importance
Conditions or 7. (a) Prayers (Salat), whether obligatory or voluntary, require preparation. Write an account of how a Oct/Nov 2017 22
Preparations Muslim prepares for it? [10]
 Give a detailed account of how Muslims prepare for prayer. May/June 2012
 What are the conditions of prayer (Salat) that must be fulfilled before performing them? May/June 2010

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Wudu, Tayammum 8. (a) Write about the different types of purification before the performance of Salat: May/June 2021 22
& Ghusl • Wudu • Tayammum; and • Ghusl.

Conditions for 9. (a) Give an account of the conditions required for ablution (Wudu) and the method of performing it. May/June 2015 21
Wudu & its [10]
importance (b) Why is ablution (Wudu) given so much importance in your view? [04]

Friday Prayer 10. (a) Friday (Jum’a) prayer is of special importance to Muslims. Describe: [10] May/June 2022 21
 How worshippers prepare for this prayer
Its preparation &  What its main features are.
main features.  How do Muslims prepare themselves for Friday (Jum’a) prayers and what are the special features May/June 2020 22
of this prayer?
Features of Friday 11. (a) Describe the particular features of Friday congregational prayers (Jum’a) and the main features of Oct/Nov 2016 22
congregational the Friday sermon. [10]
prayer & its sermon (b) Explain how this event upholds the unity of the Muslim community. [04]

Congregational 12. (a) Describe the particular features of congregational prayers, both daily and on Fridays (Jum’a Oct/Nov 2015 22
Prayers prayers). [10]
Features
Benefits of (b) What are the benefits of praying in a congregation? Give reasons to support your answer. [04] May/June 2022 21
congregational  In your opinion why are congregational prayers considered to be beneficial to Muslims? Oct/Nov 2015 22
Prayers  Why should meeting for congregational prayers be more advantageous than performing prayer alone? May/June 2016 21
Purpose of 13. (a) What is the purpose of prayers in congregation? [10] Oct/Nov 2012 22
congregational
Prayers
Eid Prayers 14. (a) Describe how and when the two Eids are celebrated and give an account of the Eid prayer. [10] Oct/Nov 2021 21
(a) Describe how and why Muslims celebrate Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. May/June 2013
Eid-ul-Fitr
Eid-ul-Adha

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 Preparations and 15. (a) Write about the preparations made for the two Eid prayers and say how the prayers are performed. May/June 2017 22
performance [10]

Importance of (b) What is the importance of celebrating religious festivals? Give reasons to support your answer. [04] Oct/Nov 2021 21
celebrating Eids
 What in your opinion is the importance of celebrating the two Eids? May/June 2017 22
 Are Eid-al-Fitr and Eid-al-Adha more than just religious celebrations? Give reasons for your answer. Oct/Nov 2016 21
 How do the two Eids bring the Muslim community together? May/June 2013
Eid-ul-Adha & its 16. (a) What acts do pilgrims (hajjis) perform on the 10th of Dhu al-Hijja and how does the rest of the May/June 2015 21
historical Muslim community (umma) celebrate this day? [10]
remembrance (b) What in your opinion are Muslims reminding themselves of when they celebrate Eid al- Adha? [04]

Invocation 17. (a) Write about the following: [10] May/June 2019 21
(Dua) • The benefits of private prayer (Dua) in a Muslim’s life.
• The times when Allah is thought most likely to accept Dua.
Importance of Dua (b) How does Dua bring a believer closer to Allah? [04] May/June 2019 21
 Why is private prayer (Dua) given so much importance by Muslims? Give reasons for your answer. Oct/Nov 2019 22
 Explain why Muslims believe that personal prayer (Dua) is important? Oct/Nov 2012 22
Dua after (b) Invocation (Dua) is highly recommended immediately after obligatory prayer. Why do you think that Oct/Nov 2017 22
obligatory prayers is? [04]
Delayed Prayer (b) Why do Muslim’s regard delayed (qaza) prayers as a sign of Allah’s mercy? Give reasons for your Oct/Nov 2014 21
answer. [04]
Masjid (Mosque) (b) What is the importance of praying in the mosque for Muslims? [04] Oct/Nov 2021 22
Importance of  In your opinion, what are the benefits of praying in a mosque? Give reasons for your answer. May/June 2020 22
Praying in Masjid
Importance of (b) ‘A mosque is a focal point in the lives of Muslims. Discuss. [04] May/June12
Masjid  Explain the importance of mosques in Muslim communities. May/June10

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 Fasts (Saum) 18. (a) Describe how the fast in the month of Ramadan should be observed by Muslims? [10] Oct/Nov 2020 22
 Describe how Muslims observe the fast of Ramadan and how this month should be spent. May/June 2019 21
Observances  What are the daily observances of the Ramadan fast? Oct/Nov 2010
Importance/Purpose (b) What is the purpose of fasting during the month of Ramadan? [04] May/June 2019 21
Oct/Nov 2010
 Explain why the Ramadan fast is important to Muslims?
Practice & benefits 19. (a) Write about the practice of fasting in Ramadan and the moral benefits that a Muslim gain from May/June 2015 22
fasting in this month. [10]
Features & 20. (a) Outline the features of the Ramadan fast, and identify which Muslims are exempted from fasting May/June 2012
exempted Muslims during this month. [10]

Benefits of Fasts 21. (a) Fasting in Ramadan benefits Muslims in many ways. Write about the major benefits of fasting in May/June 2021 21
Ramadan. [10]
 Write about the moral, social and economic benefits of a Muslim fasting. May/June 2018 21
 What are the benefits to individuals and the community of fasting in the month of Ramadan? Oct/Nov 2016 21
 What are the moral, spiritual and other benefits of fasting in Ramadan?
Oct/Nov 2014 21
Layla-tul-Qadr (b) Why the Night of Power (Layla-tul-Qadr) is so important for Muslims. [04] May/June 2021 21
Important (b) In your opinion what is the most important benefit of fasting in Ramadan. [04] Oct/Nov 2020 22
benefit/reward May/June 2018 21
 What, in your opinion, is the greatest reward of fasting?
Oct/Nov 2014 21
 Choose any one benefit of the Ramadan fast you have written about in Part (a) and say why you
think it is most useful.
Communal (b) What advantages does the fast of Ramadan bring to the Muslim community? [04] May/June 2012
advantages

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 Zakat 22. (a) Give an account of the Pillar of Almsgiving (zakat). [10] May/June 2021 21
 Write an account of alms-giving (zakat) and say who is liable to pay it and who it can be paid to. Oct/Nov 2019 22
(Alms-giving)  Outline the practice of almsgiving (zakat) in Islam.
Oct/Nov 2013 21

Benefits of Zakat 23. (a) Write an account of the benefits that result from the payment of charity (zakat), and state to whom Oct/Nov 2015 21
it should and should not be paid. [10]
Benefits and
recipients
Benefits for 24. (a) Alms-giving (zakat) is an act of worship which benefits the community of Muslims. Write in detail May/June 2017 21
individual & about its benefits to the giver, the receiver and to society as a whole. [10] Oct/Nov 2013 22
Community  How are the individuals and the community benefited by almsgiving (zakat)? Oct/Nov 2012 21
 Describe the benefits of zakat for the Muslim community.

Most important (b) In your opinion, what is the most important benefit of giving zakat? Give reasons to support your May/June 2021 21
benefit of Zakat answer. [04]
Importance (b) What is the importance of zakat in Muslim society? [04] Oct/Nov 2019 22
Refusal of Zakat (b) Abu Bakr fought against those who refused to pay zakat during his caliphate. In your view what is the May/June 2017 21
significance of this action? (Related to the first caliphate also) [04]
Benefits for (b) How do you think observing the Pillar of giving alms (zakat) benefits the giver? [04] May/June 2015 22
Individual
 In your opinion, what is the greatest benefit for the giver of zakat? Give reasons to support your Oct/Nov 2015 21
answer.

Benefits to the (b) Who do you think benefits more from the payment of zakat and why, the giver or the receiver? [04] Oct/Nov 2013 21
giver or receiver
Sadaqa-tul-Fitr (b) Why are Muslims encouraged to pay sadaqa during Eid-al-Fitr? [04] Oct/Nov 2013 22

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 Hajj 25. (a) Give an account of the significance of the following: Day of ‘Arafah Eid-ul Adha. [10] May/June 2022 22
(Pilgrimage)
Significance
Observances 26. (a) Write about the rituals that take place on the first three days of the annual pilgrimage (hajj). [10] Oct/Nov 2020 21
 Outline the main observances of the annual pilgrimage (Hajj). May/June 2013
(b) The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬performed pilgrimage (Hajj) only once in his lifetime. What do you think this tells May/June 2022 22
Muslims today? [04]
Hajj once in a
lifetime or more (b) In your opinion should hajj be performed as many times as possible in a Muslim’s life? Give reasons for Oct/Nov 2020 21
your answer. [04]
Elements of 27. (a) Describe any three of the following elements of pilgrimage (hajj): [10] Oct/Nov 2019 21
Hajj 1. Ihram (garments worn for pilgrimage)
2. Sa’i (running between the hills of Safa and Marwa)
3. Rami (stoning the Jamarat)
4. Qurbani (sacrifice).
(a) Write a detailed account of the following: Oct/Nov 2018 22
● Ihram ● Tawaf ● Sa’i
(a) What beliefs and practices are involved in:
(i) Stoning the Jamarat May/June 2011
(ii) Performing Sa’i
(iii) Assembling at Arafat
Significance of (b) Why do you think pilgrims strive so hard to touch the Black Stone (Hajr-al- Aswad)? [04] Oct/Nov 2019 21
Black Stone  What is the significance of the Black Stone (Hajr al Aswad) to Muslims? Oct/Nov 2018 22
Obligation of 28. (a) ‘Pilgrimage to the House is a duty people owe to Allah, those who can afford the journey.’ (3:97) Oct/Nov 2014 22
Hajj, exemption (i) For who is the annual pilgrimage (hajj) compulsory and which Muslims are exempt from it?
& forbidden (ii) What things are forbidden to pilgrims while in the state of ihram? [10]
acts in Ihram (b) Some Muslims are exempt from performing the annual pilgrimage (hajj). Why do you think this is so? [4]

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Observances of 29. (a) ‘And complete the hajj or Umrah in the service of Allah’ (al-Baqara 2:196). What observances does a May/June 2016 22
Umrah & its pilgrim complete in the performance of Umrah and how is Umrah different to hajj? [10]
differences from (b) Explain the main differences between hajj and Umrah. [04] May/June 2011
Hajj
Spirituality in (b) Explain how the outward actions performed during Umrah improve a pilgrim’s inner spirituality. [4] May/June 2016 22
Umrah

Visit to Madina (b) Why in your opinion is it desirable that the pilgrims should visit Madina after the performance of hajj or Oct/Nov 2017 21
Umrah? [04]

Individual & 30. (a) How do Muslim individuals and the Muslim community benefit from the annual pilgrimage (hajj)? May/June 2014 22
communal [10]
Benefits of
Hajj
Talbiya and (b) How does the Talbiya sum up the relationship between the pilgrim (hajji) and Allah? [04] May/June 2014 22
relationship
with Allah
Hajj & Equality (b) How does Hajj encourage a sense of equality amongst Muslims? [04] May/June 2013

Collective Questions
Pillars of Islam 31. (a) Write about how the pillars of Islam help Muslims to improve their communal relationships and social May/June 2014 21
improve responsibilities. [10]
communal
relationship and
social
responsibilities

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Prayer & Fast 32. (a) How do the Pillars of prayer (salat) and fasting (sawm) bring Muslims closer to both Allah and other May/June 2013
bring Muslims people? [10]
closer to Allah &
His people

Importance of (b) Briefly reflect upon the importance of any one of the remaining three Pillars in the life of a Muslim. [04] May/June 2013
Shahada, Zakat
& Hajj
Fast & Zakat 33. (a) Give brief descriptions of the way in which fasting and almsgiving are carried out among Muslims. Oct/Nov 2011 21
[10]
Strengthen
(b) Show how these two pillars keep the Islamic community together. [04]
Islamic
Community
Closer to Allah (b) How might fasting and zakat bring Muslims closer to Allah? [04] Oct/Nov 2012 21

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