The “El Nitto” Phenomenon eas Viv aa as | Niho is a climate phenomenon that happens when the ocean gets warmer than usual in the central and eastern parts of the Pacific Ocean. This warming of the ocean affects weather patterns all around the world. El Niho can cause changes in rainfall, temperatures, and winds, leading to things like floods, droughts, and storms in different places. It happens every few years and can last for several months. Sano happens because of] HENSver uring —an 5] — AIRE changes in the | Nifo, these winds weaken, Key words and sometimes even temperature of the, o¢ea.| reverse. This allows. the FIRES vo warm water to move warm water towards the| Gastward, toward the DRY SEASON western part of the Pacific | ggasts of south America. THE EL NINO PHENOMENON Ocean, near places like|as a result, the water RISK Indonesia and Australia. | temperature in the central POLLUTION This warm water then rises|and eastern —_ Pacific to the surface, bringing rain| becomes warmer than] | @LIMATE CHANGE and causing a cycle that| usual, disrupting the helps regulate the climate. | Normal weather patterns WEATHER around the world. olombia is facing a big problem: lots of fires are burning the forests. Since the beginning of the year, there have been 508 fires, which is 200 more than last year. The fires might not stop until April because that's when the rain usually comes back. Three things are making Colombia more likely to have fires: the usual dry season, a strong El Nifo (which makes things hotter and drier), and climate change. This week, there was a big fire in the mountains near Bogota. It smelled bad because of all the smoke. They finally put it out after two days, but then more fires Cay started in other places. El Nifo is making things even drier, which is making it easier for fires to start all over Colombia.he Bogota eo Op Drougnts_ =i EPTEMBE D ma you are playing outside on a sunny day, but the grass is turning brown and the ground is really dry. That's because of something called a drought. A drought happens when there is not enough rain for a long time, and it makes everything very thirsty, like plants, animals and even people. During a drought, rivers and lakes have less water, and farmers may find it hard to grow crops. like | For Droughts are nature's way of saying, "Oops, we need more water!” Droughts can occur in different parts of the world, like deserts, where it's usually hot and there's not much rain. Sometimes, places that usually have plenty of rain, like farms or even cities, can also experience droughts. droughts to Eka happen, the sun plays a big role. It makes Key words water from oceans, DROUGHTS rivers, and lakes go up into the sky as invisible CROPS mist called — vapor. DRY When this vapor cools down, it turns into —_ clouds. Sometimes, VAPOR these clouds forget to RAIN release rain, and that's HEAT when droughts happen. [Mn 2020, Colombia faced a mega-drought emergency that affected many areas. Rivers dried up, and animals struggled to find water. Farmers faced challenges as crops dry in the intense heat. People worked together to overcome difficulties, planting new seeds when the rains finally came. Learning from the past, Colombians now prepare for the changing climate and for a better future for their land and communities.Hw Hindustan Cimes EARTHQUAKES an a 0 4 AS earthquake is when the ground shakes. It happens because of movements deep underground called tectonic plates moving around. Earthquakes happen when these big pieces of land under the Earth's surface move. Sometimes they bump into each other, and that makes the ground shake. Powerful earthquakes can cause landslides, tsunamis, flooding, and other dangerous events. Earthquakes can happen | Earthquakes can Biiooue in many places around | happen at any time, day the mee Ache ymtotten or night, without Key words warning. ere’s. no tectonle plates, which are | specifig time when EARTHQUAKE big pieces of the Earth's | earthquakes always crust that fit together like Repo It's imgentees DAMAGE a pusse hese places ae | to ibe" 'propared, for | | TECTONIGPLATES earthquakes can happen | Wat Yo do to stay sate SEISMIC ACTIVITY near ‘these fault lines, | Wp hee Sse which can be on land or | Whenever y mig} RISK under the ocean. occur. AS earthquake happened at 6:26 in the moming in a place called “Ansermanuevo" in Colombia. It was a big shake. Some buildings got cracks or breaks because of it. An Earthquake ‘the shaking or rumbling of Most earthquakes last only 10 to 30 seconds, so it's important to get to a safe place fast. Remember three things during an earthquake: drop, cover, and hold on. the Earth’s crust.Breaking — —_— FLOODS News LLOODS loods occur when water covers places where it usually there is not. This can happen because of heavy rain, melting snow, or when rivers or lakes overflow. It's like when a bathtub overflows, but on a much bigger scale! Floods can make it hard for people to get around and can damage houses, roads, and other things. That's why it's important to stay safe and listen to grown-ups during a flood. Floods can happen | Floods can happen at any Ear in many places | time, but they often occur around the world. | during periods of heavy rain, Key words They can occur] melting snow, or storms. near rivers, lakes, | They can also happen when ERGoD) oceans, or even in | rivers or lakes overflow their HEAVY RAIN areas where it| banks. So, floods can rains a lot. When| happen during different STRONGIWINDS) there's too much] seasons and times of the DAMAGE water in one place, | year, depending on the tir RIVERS it can cause | weather conditions in each flooding. area. LANDSLIDE Op sanuary 14th, 2023 heavy rain and strong winds caused flooding and damage in a city and other parts of the Antioquia Department. The worst flooding was in the "Conquistadores” neighborhood and in “El Bagre” because floods damaged homes and crops due to a river's sudden rise. Additionally, a bridge was destroyed in Abriaqui, and homes were damaged in Jardin. Earlier, on January 12, 2023, a landslide in Betulia damaged homes and displaced 320 people from 80 families.—_— rCo_LomBraNno ——— x Tires SEPTEMBER 22ND 020 | magine forests being a big green place and a a WME home for many animals and plants. Now, sometimes, something called a forest fire happens. A forest fire is when the trees, plants, and everything in the forest start to burn because of heat or lightning. Just like how we need water to drink, forests need rain to stay healthy. When it doesn't rain for a long time, the forest can get very dry, like a crunchy leaf. If a fire starts, it can spread quickly and be dangerous. Forest fires can happen in any place in the world, but specially they occur in hot places or dry areas and during summer. If the ground and trees don't get enough rain, there is more possibility for a fire to start. When the sun shines super bright, it can heat up the gir and make the forest feel like an oven. Forest fires happen when Kae there is a combination of dry conditions, often Key words caused by hot weather FIRES or drought, and a lot of BURN sun, making the plants and trees in the forest SUMMER! very dry. Sometimes, RAIN human activities like HEAT UP. campfires or careless behavior can also start DRY fires. CAMPFIRES Puting this year, we faced a very hard time in Colombia because of different forest fires around the country. Trees and frailejones plants burned, § and animals ran away from their natural habitat. Brave firefighters worked hard to stop the flames, but it was amazing to see how people helped each other and got together to stop the fires. After some days, the fires ended and now, Colombians are planting new trees, taking care of the environment § and helping the animals return to their homes.