Toit Pusbobility Dintwibution I ond Y cow use -diwete suounelarn V catia Ley de Athine Pre Ilr psabalbilidy pnction H Kandy Plxea, Ye gy = Fy). Whe f{x,y) edi the Condition. Slay 20 ond ES faye 4. Suppere %= Di 9Xgs--- dn And Y= LY ss Yoh, KITE should be Gosowed heck $ da co fanuson On tre cauusion produc of tre wth, YX Ond. YY 04 web ey = (led, Cotes ma). $e alo rujoud bo as joint probabil danaidy | function et Rand Y fn suubective oul &, se The Ack AH Vouuts Of shir fundion $buy)-k ie mee js Couled the joint puebabilihy diasedbubon ef X and. Y. These Vous Oste ercked in tre foun et bint deat) “ites Batboihy dasha \- in Ws - 277 Yn le X, jy Se 7 Yao ») de Sas Sa - 2-07 “an 43) 5 a cae ms oi Qaim o\4,) 4\4s) — oe a a {Mtn = 1. 2 Ss ALa ddl, #80). #054) --- Fm raul Mi aun suum Bf all the erdseces dp SU Pou yeas, AUond HOS, nat eae" BWi), glta-- = sau AN eal th Unkstiy fy tne fou coluunn, second celumn, --- cam % [o, Bhs, -—- Hoel) § {GLH glar--- gla CHL Cobled — idsigine distribution © X 4 Ye Nou. a HA) 444 —-- $F Lan) = 4 ond qlay +gbare-— +g lyn = 4. # ATndebendet Homo \Vvositobly | “The Aisowt bh uondon yordtobLy x and Y one — kaid «=O be Sndupindore yond \ogdeubls. a, plxen Y> ys) = Plxeacd: POY) ® | Had gp = Sy an th {tra DeBbabitity taht Brhwuswe YK ond Y Ose saicl ke be _deboded I. fee ffRacbecokion Voutonee, Covariance and Covelotion @ Fou disvichs stand -voouable. Th Xx a disucts oe vasioble doking Vous ol)» 1g == Ly pte 0 AR ant shttin” 5% ier ary yt py 4 At\ined. By = ED = a ate) @ Fatty. The, ee Of XK dandted by VO). NW - & |x ae-pt a ead= EY (x- pe] = EO)- ft whew ne uth. reon ax. = SY Ty TE z= G(x, y) ond $y) ote Jolt oti a Ye and Y, the eapectotion 4 Byun thu [ot Atsseibudti on BX Vu ER = + = d bay) Jy%(uordone of a ond ¥ nett by CoslXs ¥) tu) = £& bed) (yyy) Sey = ef beps) Hy) hou Py = ton of x Pig = mean 9 Y. Egil | tos (xy) = EQXY) ~ Jia My. x Covwlation X and Y clrnated by ply : eee ay oy) Nelo > THK ond Y owe Sndebendurel Hendon Vasiabl ous, (’) EN) - EDS ELY) Ui) cos LG Y)= 0 ond hun ple Y=0 (ii) ws ey) = os | Nix. € D8) ~ 8&b9 pe + bs EU) = EQ) - febol*-Problemy | 8 dhe jotrd distibution f “bun Hondo \oxiatlts X And Yo ca os peu. AY +h oe 1 Is Yu ‘Is 5 Yu Vg ‘Ig: Corpus @ Ely) and ELY) ELK) © px). Ojnwmey SB wk eet" XY “4 a 4 4 Ys ty Me Hed Gee tS ra Pry gts © ko. s vethe) (+ sb) = 3 E> 2 Y gly) = ~449) 443) salt \o4 : Bx=8 ond By=\ @ El) + HUY, ~ eee On ea er© oe Eva WY EG) 2 sadtlo. (2) = SL) 4) = m2. 13-(a)8= 4A. my - etY)- By E(Y*) = = 4 aly) -estfadeorla) Or) a9 uy “Ydg)- P+ © Cv Ne ELEY) - ja fy “ = -Q bs = —- © Poa Y) = ces YS aac = rap FH 8s / @pp ae sor,Qo, Ore JSnd Psebobitity disbdtbution Anble focus @ Sawdon vesiabls Xx 4 Yin ay {oer x\y -a ~\ 4 Ss 1 0+ oo oO OS a oa o-l Om Oo Delounine inal 4 ay «te et de Ale eee jptobiity Aistscibution K4y. @® Eaectations a X,Y and xy ® sy's of x andy © Copasiiane eX onc @ Cortokin ax y 34° Nesexinol Aistsciorcdiony 4 KAY ose cyen by Diswioubn eh X || Dusatasion fy wy a a ff Y 2 a 4 Hy 06 n\n @® tlw. suthd =U) lores +(a lous 2 y ED= S45 4 by) = KB lo) + OY (03) FiO 45 [0-) eaClAY) 2 ot NY Sy = UNE aot) IC) (AY ova AW) Ol) sQnisvlord) F VU-AYoa 4 OL-Ofoe) ¢ a ado-v\-+3.(5) 10) = 09 () ce : Eves _ we ELS. & x Slat) = Aloe) +Hlou) = a-a- E \_ v = (sr) 03) +0) (or) +16lo1) 425(0-3) = 106 oP. aa [WHS 2 ogy Funct oq = ont. mY Vos W's 4-6. my =3| © cov(xs Y). Ele EWELY) = OQO-} 4 = -0'6® Corrtbocting e \ aye 8 SUSY = cov lx, y) oy, oy FOS 2-03 fo Gayfa-ry & PPE Xond Y UL indthendent stoukOn vorialh, woty thy ng) Seupeative clisbutbubio, fend he {PiMS dis babrution Sand Y. Aue Notify thot Coo.) =o Ma 1 a 4; -) 5 4 Als A 0nd ty) OS O% 09 a Since 4) ou Lndebenshuret seonclom Voorialse We hoas , Jy =f (xi) ati yy ys -a 5 8 t (yy | Sy Sa Sia O-7 2 Sa Than J, 03 ay 03 vs o-’ 4Si Coa)(o3) 20-9) Vis = (@A) (05) <0°35 Jig (0-7) [o-a) eoly Soy (3) (0d) = 0-09 yy = O15 Sa = 006 Hence dhe jeer dlistsubution dost ay oy [otlorrs \Y =a 5 % Fer) 4 O-a\ 0°35, oly of oo 0-09 ols 0-06 0-3 QWs) OS Rk we howe cosly) = Elk y)- EW ELY) Elo = S xflais = (Not) alors 213 EIN) = zy gla) = (A) (0-3) +5 (0-9) # 30-4) ae EW) = Sy Sy =() es {a-ayS 4QS15) (0-35) 40) [s) [0 14) + A-a0-04 } + alse) (01S) 43) [o-06) = OG +15 + Ul) - O36 415 +09 = 4-55a Cos ly) = & 55 - (a) (83) .9. © 4 ce Y Cou Lndipendent suornd.on vasciob sy , X 4% Values XSF woth the pdbobility ‘Ios a Vy Subpedtidly Yokes valuty 34,5 votth Ww peeoedility Nos \, y Na @® 4nd a ( Su. ‘pint Horebobitiy Cigbiloution of X 4 y Show Med casasdanct OX 4 ¥ iy Uqpol to xox Kw © 85 F yj ae s 4 ae qi) 4 4 u~ 9 Sy = G5) ES) = a as) eb |= Hedata Jy (a) (4) =f a= 5 “feist Se -UB)=t Jaye - 7 J. The Pied fs@bobitiny choribetion 4 Ka yu SAY 4 4 5 4x5 a % Ve No 'b 5 ste ey a a She May aw 2 & 3 3 yet® Cov lXs NJ 2 EN) — ele) Ed. Satlad sy tc: 24 4lyd= 4 tld. Ss xy 5 = i uy 4 tev\x, v\ = l6-4(ul-o@ Stochnatic Puoces- > Stochastic Variables- $f a sual vosciaiote X a Cnoccedeel sity pubcone then it is cobled o Sandon vosialole © Akethoubie voaialle, > Stochastic Pract + Sochostic Pxocem Conaisls of a Seqyrence of folbutimedls in ushich tach wument hoa finite Turmbyt ef GubComu Lotth given puokabt lit. Shere § enti ee thy Aample Abu ¢ ct o Stanclom exbexirae be the sed & olf Sol Numbee- Tadeo Seb The tnd seb TOR tnaleaed o4y The poxorneior t Aun 08 Aime - A Stochostic procta da a Ae of, Sandon vosiiolely § XE), LETH defined on $ avith o pastamebor t- > YX exl) i called as the initiod stot. of tu Ayclem. >The vous owumed by Ue stondon vest Xt) ont Colles Soke >The Ad af Lt ool, Values fare the dante sprrce Lacieee a =f - Gonifension of Stochoatic Procey :- * AL btotr Abace of ov stechostic prectis 4 ducal Arey ib La coed o Ainechy stole proce» (6) chain. % TL Ge pote shore a Untinuots tun the Atechnsic rect da colted 0 Contino chats pacotte * Th the Linda sek T cy disvucs than we hoot a Gisvucty Porm puocen % Th the tndea ack TO Condinupes hun wt jhovt a. Coakinusts poramelor peocts S.A dinoucte bosomnelor peottry is alo called, a sipchalf Atnyuirae dudtud ty {Xoh, neT Stochastic Peter Bord 6h Sob. Space BRoued on trolex Ak ee n. Se ‘Povarceler proce eeFepbobitihy Vedi. @ Po vector Ve (Vy+Vg, ---Vn) da cote the Porobabitity vecka., Jf each One of 2 COxnporeny ore Bn - Wnegodive nd thede Alyn is LQrol do unity - Be ©ue.0) Ove[ne] O©v- [te hed] MB-OY Via nota pusbolbthity veer bad Coch Ore Of the vi [te ste ny cou non negodtve Ben dv & ox probability Vets whew 2 1 Sy: &: oe (2,8) then aL ond (> Ae» %) Bb & beshabuuity vedo - Stochastic Media :- A Aguas medsix P= (Pis) uy Catled a stochoidlic mobiin ay CU the endnita of P ow nen negodive and the sum 4 AN endiita & any sous dy ne: A Agpane modsir P ty tolled o chochostte moti . weit Can HOS In he kaon of pustbilihy veel. gq: © Yo e| © Yo ‘Sh o © Yo a o | 0 Ye Yr 1 a ‘Je Ye 4].- StoCoste NugAHi 3- A stochastic: mmotxin P ia said te bea 28gul Mochoatic oboe uy CULL Bra ereeita Of 40rd poe Poo positive Po [fo a4 Vo i Po fo slfo 2 pe Yo Wile ele yu Ay A tw oo segulon Abo choskie reap i Ned ‘Pospudie o_o Reyulnss Stnchastic Modi: © a P hoa a wrique fired epoint ot = (das yy ~--2n) Auth thod oP =2- &> P dros O unique fared -prsbalattiby vets ng [5,0 —Y Auch thek VPs y whou ve = QP, F, — Oppreothy Bu vombiy V whore sows ove @o.0h ty foud prsbobUtihy vect Vb @xy Udy ony prichobility Vectou thin th vests UP, UP, — approach Dus unigudored prsbabit ly NLUYe@bLarry & ® ; q A ae «| Yo Adochartic malin and v=[9,,09) 5 co ca teal Neato. shous thod vA “i alio o busbobility S&d- By dete .- Otay = 41 b, thy 4. Ord yy 21 > [yy se ne fae, +iqb, 5 Vis ah 1 ao) prow athott 2-(5,a,4¥85b, ) + LWiag + Usbs) = 4 Crusoe LHS, = VA, HIgb, + GO HVgbg =\% (0.405) + Bal bby) VDSS = vay z4 ‘thy VA fy cle & pustobitity vector. 9) Prove stth seloumce te tw Accord grder actochastic rrodsitts thad thei product tu allo Q Adochostic mahi . Lk A> fe a and Bz (bu bia] be toe dochaitic Oay Osa \ bos moditts Hint, we how AyrAyet y burbs it O Og\ Baye 4d, by Hogg =AB. On U9 Vf bu va Aa) ga|) bay baa = i by + Aig bg, » ee Abi FQggbo, 5 Oa, Bra +a bos WE howe Lo snous :- Anon 404g bog, FOubrg +Cug ogg = 1 —?@’ Sai Pir + Oy bs, 40, bia Hyg bos — © $4 ® ton be wxitlin og: = Oy [butbad + dg (bay+ baa): = OO) tab) = Qi +%a- fa wing 0], z= 4 LHS of © Con be wwuiltn & , = Gay (fou toys) + Gag (bs) thas) © Gare (1S tag) - za Ths AR cu ou atechosic motuty - ate Stubor we Com 404 Ahecd p” (n=\,8,3, =>) af OUL stochastic rrobuicts ® Find athe wigque fod buobiety Vecta. © he Stentor Aochostic mocebl A = kN Yu ta} $o:- To fod > Ve By) shoe wtys + AUOh trodOATS a Is one | -{ay). ‘Ia Yo fer hs augy] [9 4). S3xt+t1Ly - Taye 0 ae : 4 eye y 7 ta Ade cthor of Ted Ag! qty - Aeyed Yer: Wing ys ia in @ we howe 3Bx4 9-4. We have yet 40 > |x ay 4)-%-X=0° x 3 wu 2 3 Sx + Q-ay-UA=O0 | 3] T2X=42 X= 3 Thy (4) o's) Bu wiqur fed qrroboloility ecto. Atothostic motux p= |O 1 0 No Ma Ya O ja Ya BS We tow do find we (2, Y,2) who Wyre: | Auch Ahold VA= W° ® Find thw Unique foved }sbabtlity vector 4a the equation,J% yxzfo 1 0 Ye Ye ib) - fo uz O {a's [ 4 J [4a UY ayy 1Ya&=2] Ye bu eta | iets YF 60 bx-3y +41=0 Y-azso- Maing Y= 6x ond Le |-o-Y = =\- 1-60 Ze it 6X-34y 442 zo: . = bx Ze 104 6 ~ deol) +uel- tw} 20 ‘ =6[45) iB 6X ~VBX + -dEL=0 - am m — Hore +& =o ues Zo -d Thuy AL Sug dud, Uniqle, fot probe tity veda oy afin by ® [to 4 a 10 10 Js &) Vouhy are 4 Shed th, sequence A, A? at AWyroathy tw eed What sows wu each Du foe PHdbobilihy vector Who He wechostic moh ‘a giver bly Re Wy ‘y Yo Ya. Sos Fimt we nud do find the fined protability veoh. Thy we hot Yh = y- Oly i baa +ty ts “$y > [x (@ eirkye 30 tat We yr2@: Wing yea in we get Bae (tayea.[ yea . tea “Yet Thus ge [Ys> Ys). Lee B be the nadia udhese each sous | Vy Rs [ay Ye Yo Cngiclor | Reals '] 41a 2 “L fh = 3 | 3 is oS] _ [0-635 oss 6} 2 2\fr 2 Ye fio & 0-695 0-345 alfn >| 43 21) (o-GTIgas 0: daslas: |? 2 |} to | oy [ia AA) ~ | 065695 0+ 343% aa ae fee 33) 3) > 1_fial 857 , fo-67 0°33 “3st 4a da to 86S Jo.ge say foch nous 4 AY apathy 54) 00s, ons)WY Rind he unique fared pa stolaility ved. Of whe aqudon, AzochotAc Mokbscde an i fy Oo wu Wy Ny Yy 0 0 fy Ya 0 0 Sy we haut to fia ve (2.6 G0) whew orbtceds 4 Audy thed VP <9 {o. b, c,d\{ © Yo 0 te y bod Vs yao 0] 7 fo, 2 i, ‘To Yo 0 0 \fs+594) G+ aed G9) Gta) fesd 45 bred) = & @ bFltds da OD 4, [arcedd = @ ar ced-db> © a C@ atb=ke. PO AZ (at ad & ate= yd. © Yo de Vy 4 by Using becrd= 1-4 and OF Gd= Ib. ® and ® Stupedivey becom [-a2 ac cingl, \cbe dh Y. Os: Ya. and be ify. Ponce we howe pom © ¢ @: AO> Sfp ud: a rim offs vs end ocd PsSD Show shed pe ‘Ja Yao Piso ind the Gyocioted wrigue fod Probability veota Cowie g2 (o 1o}fe 10} (o o1 oo o Ot =|) V2 0 Ya Ya \p ‘N20 5 '2th Pp. p> < ~ fo Via Ya 0 . - i i : 0 ‘Yo Ya 2 The 0 oh Yo Vy Ya pe py Yo) eri =, a Yo He OL Vy Vut) a ed Ppt. ps= (0 | 0 M2 th Yo Ya Ma 6 O01 Yu Nu Vy | =] Vo ly Mo "2 ©\P Vy Ya Vy) [sje ofa Ya Ie Bbawe Hot fh P™ cll the erties ose postive. Thus Pl a Suaqulore Ado Unoatic modi. Neo , wot hour hy find sz lob, O whose atb+C=1 auch dhok UP = Ve (arb, Ae atl fa, bc) Gags 8) =[o, bel Gea, Orgs b, Roce Oo 40). en 6 \ 0 4 | & % Xtgulox stochastic, mares §.Vain Czedaq ond be C= 80 Ln athtced wel yt. Sa=41 @ ast Hence. be Ce da=a Thus ('s>%4ss Ys) Yy ay soqubud, Uni L pusbability verb gf P. i @ Rea dhe Unique -foed probabilihy vector fo. Suqubow. Akochostic probity Pz Yo My Yy . Yao 0 Ya o 1 0 8b Lee Wel yD be the unique foued. pscdbobihity | Neda cunocioded. votth P. | => wmrytred lt) VPe we | (ay, Dfila Ty tly fs othe ed B01 aos (% +My ekg sd) = boyd Sas Yams Brey yas Beg, > Moore & Wee 2 Wer: = Za = Kay BS eda > ZedYy,wy Os anes cy | Ya Xe 3e 23 yea” G War Y ali 7 Wo 21 "1 u Le3 rs , y in} * The Maybud unique wBbobility vector onociaded with P ee ie ‘ BY Rind thu uniqur fad - ry vert. fa the sugulon. Mochartic ‘waded P= , 3 0 0 4+ cs Vela yA -[Hle the a] = eke i a ©Morrkes Chairy :- AL Asechoskit ett -Ldhith Ls 4UCh hod We Apmviadion F Ly psibab(liy diebuibution duped only By the Sewer stot 4s Caltd a Mostosbecey Hh stot. space indinout[ finite ov Courdolbly infos we 4 owls adele precen da @ ey Aho Ae bore La Then 4he Moytkey pr@cta Ls Jnowon ow a Morley chor . % Eauplitty Mosdov chain is adefined 08:- ty Koch otdcome belong to-Uu finite sc ( Ato Shace) a Bre pucttomy [a ,05,-—Am) D The sudtome 64 any dota Subir at rat Upor GUL OME 4 the Leen Couche poucedling dual. Tounsition ? > abla hity Mods: PsiBbobchity Poy Ja cunovioktd valth buy pair J Sind (at aj) that of ecowu- Crnmnedioddly aft a: Becuy, Such c stochastic proto iy Coli Q .jinite Maukev Chain. The bscbobititrs (Pej) which eve non-Z09 Stok nuts WL COLLEd buona ttion pedeoleititt Ono Wrty pan ow 4 roads of geder rn Cobled the Axarition brobolai bt, roby (tp-m) duneted by p-. Pu Pig ~- Prin Pe Cpy): fe 3 ~— Pom | Pn Pa ic PramWh Loch Abed ag tue Uedtbpondl the ih 0H 4 Joonsition bob — Pex, Pig, --- Pein es aoa Tred “the Uunerda of P hoor the following popirht Moz Pry S4 () & Py <4 oe any TRE above stiso fropouits saba}y the sugyieumed 6 O Le wadtis ond hone we Contluds thc Pu tonsttion Modes | tasks Chain % a Atachaitic Motta, Esambla 4p working onuctn pil mabe Cp On POH Commute Wu cdistonce suo his ofece eithe ‘by roi @ by ow. Subpese he dou wot oe tree ia oo dap, buck th he ga by ua re Wot lujwr oy Likely to us in rhe 8dr- Stor Shmce of Aypdtm Gy btn (Ed, lous (b) 4. The bpm yo pelo ~ Filo 4 i ihe in| The fout wow of 4h. mada iy suloted 0 ok thatthe busen dow not temmucte two Concave Choa bain. And Jy sure de 4@ by us th du hod txourlled by doin, “Tht Atomd SMHS of ANt rnodir Jy MULoded Lo Du Jock Lye the pousy hod Commsbed fp b4s On Q farticutor Cloy at Lorrain #40 by bus cgpin ov by bain. Thus probshchity© thw bes A,B, C mu throsing hott to each othe, © A clo, throws the ball te ® and B coe the, wall £6, Csi find Os Lely to Hoe tu bate to ® ao to A: 8d, Ghats Space = Lr, b.h and tprm 4- b C 1 igh donation Pashabitit es “The trbuy pry din the bonsitton pestabitily motniy r ot Du Markey Choin da re aAhot Hu Austere Chamaes from the ste Oi taf ina Aingle aa Thod ‘y ap aj usodaitity Ahad the Ayskem Changes ftom the vt aj Ke the shot of Jn thocthy n Abeps 4s ) demoted ay PF Thet 04 SS Ay >-~- —> Oy > a The masdatiat foumedl by th. buslahlite Py in Caled. he poabth buonthyon Mode dundted by P pe [re] = Cri a plovisuay a stechastic moby. Te ton be thed tu n Adeh bronsition natin es ago das She 6" poet ct ?. hod u ” = prLe PP = (pO P| dunste tre initiou poBbalathiby gisdscbudin a th, Stove Pu froces and tet > - Cp, & 7 und. the alt \ baoccum ALL pusbobilily disdsibubin af ta Od 9 HP Thus vot hove. Por. © : » P — r” - p> - Sotiorony AiskeCoustion a sugulor, Maes Chofna:t - EL Ply 0 sugutar sdechnake wot of Du Maker Chain, thin clu sequin, 1 Ady, Aanatbon waite PPP ofprecch4s ~the robin V UA BHE IOudoe toon HAL Untqpe Jou. buabehilty veto. \ of P- we dost Be pr ache, PO Lol, 9? -— Pal Tha Ly Cobled the -Mabionosay4 Aistuibution of athe we@ulgs Chain, On Ve [Ys Wy Se) & Codbd tosionoiy ( forea] PHabWoiNi by Vecho. 4 Hobos Choin, Note - Sy Manto Choin do beuducibl, Jl BL cuocioded Ssvonuttinn ‘poobabi tity mabir 4 Réegulon -Nesting eots_o a mastkou Chon t- 8 Ta ce Mowkos chain, thy -beocte seach to a Coutatn tocte O{LUL ashith Jt Continues bo Jumath © Jn Wu Aome alot » Such ce dtorte ty Cote absovbing Siu 5 the Meviloy Chain. The tscamattion prdbeubilitte Py ow Auch thot Fy } 2 et, 0 athowsire = { P te intios abability duudsibution then ue Perobabitity wixbdbution In the n° Ateb da .ojven by ep. re n G ° a a2 % % & QO, a 5 auf iy iy Ip 0 ® a, fth 9 th © pe a] ij 0 0 2 Mes q}o ' 0 at geo to Qs © ty ay A: | D The Soc dg; v aborbing. DANE Gott Qy andl Ay WL ab sBbing . 2 Tor edutibte Maslos Chon + - A mostkoy chan ty suid Lo be treducible 4 ch Ascomaltion probobitty matrix bpm) is Heqbon Socheutic. meh. Pxoblerry: THThe danstion trod, P af a Modkkov chain foots i iit Any Initio ‘poobobitily Oe p>. (Ya, 3u). fa h Define Ond find dhe \ ye ( 2 @ “® A) the ved PD p” abproack. Hu mobir Pp “ frvocichesSO) a athe peeoberbitity 94 moving ‘fon Ato ey to Mods 0, in gates. “Thia ton be Olained fron -sl¢p uowuttioa mobiy pt ve Ti Ya) (Yo Re 5]3 ae ® me hu Malls Wy} [he the I {p> pe > 3 ® ry ue dhe b Sbabaitity 9] moving feo file a, Lo a, tn da Atehs CH Pan aki pobabilehy disbutbabion of te Aystern ofera 3 _ {32 a9 Po. pope (ly “4d (5p AG |= a4) Thot P = [ey » fou} = Cp, e) (a) ge i the a. Athol the psoceo La In Abate a, ane Sakths Hence = hy (SY The vector > ph oof Unique fed qb eden Se (aiqy whee XeY=l then Ps [a \ who LY =! 4 we must have OP: U ba Rhee say eS eth suing yele —X Be Pout oy wean grades © mrdas ee The Neto p> pr Obbsegacht cea 151 Ys)XY Py bp arecchhes athe modxia \) shige HOU cre cath hem Raed ‘eedeataitity Veda 8} iP T” abhsoacke the rrebiat is 2 : Ok pm fg Marker chain i given ‘eel a Yur Yo My One he Loita pesbabitily distribution i p= (al 0) = vejur > l ; Fin Dp PP and. 9,0) Sq. To {ind i- The tusd Adeh DHonsition moda Pt PL (he Oth AC Ys 0 fa 3g lu Ya ) oO | } 6-0.) = Yr 0 fe Yu Yo Yu} Ly ya My fig 3a Ab ©. poe. [tb Jos 0} ["t i ea “he hg : fhe Yes Ae | - po = he, Neo he of = | K Torneo Markov Chon BH moeu chain » mid to be dreduciby, Hib dsuunttion bysbabitity modi [spr ay Br dugulore Adthostic reebise” [ercbites Our positive).Prablunn- 6 “ls ' QD Prove thot the motor Chain whou tpm P= [he a a Hyotdute. Alo find the Catponding Atabionady Yr eo aa Pe > 'b 0 2s 'h ° rf o te ; Yo Ip © ‘bo Yr 0 Pe [tp We ls Vy Fhe Ye ys 3 5 Since cll Bh erivats On Proxepaitie Ny ‘bs 5a}. Thus the teprm aa atervostic modd ‘. Pty doreducill - To find i Ui foced pObabitity vects Lea Me GY) Sd Atytee | We hoot VA = pial *e a) [x.3.2) uh ‘bh © (a+4) Ratge, 4a+dy)= fa.) Medea l|Srtsey fut. X. a 8 Wt Zed HLFSL= by on Lik yeleae Wut & Conca Le du z= A = (-rZ 44+ 32 26(1-A-2) = |-1-3 a PX lux+ Bx=6 ~br-6z “2 3 = lox 441 = 6. = A 49-8 a4 26° =% : ag (Wipe a mana 4 the Senysiveol stationary Pobchisily@ sa Mudge Aabzh one! as 44 he studiel Ae aly Aww notte por es o, WB nde 1} Au ets ab shi one night , GOL Aue pot 19 shady thy need. wight: In Be Long, Sun how often dows he Study 9. BW Lek Bs Abadying —Bi_ No’ Aeudying. A > Paobabs tty om Ntof = 307. = 03- Fa = Puabability om Ato B = yo = OF Pay = Probabclity fon Bt A = yok = 04. Pas = Puobabitity om gto B= 60% = O6 Hence , “pm Ja. thy given epuobdim as P= lo-a on oy 0-6 Tr odor do find Ane Aabh end dun, we ha to fend Aho unique frase Lfechor . on 4855 ae Le We have te find Ne (acy) rerun aty=t luch het \P EN (iy) fos o-7 OY ol 03a t04¥Yy = O12 + ms 4 t= ty. —vi Vd ts 1 Yt \le 4 HE = (a4): sun He tme |SY Loft LUD + intr G04 WO Nu ae Loce Sy mobabsite ot roe He neve, ou, ce aed Conwcutioe clay, but Ae onan ona fe & equally ‘i 9 ap by te Cost t by bide bis one Nat doy > Findstye etait motsia “joc tue chon B{ An mode of trompet he we. 54 cic on She {out dow of Ahi ace find. a chy athoot NH bele de wsed: eYtou {ayy [ov onthe Jith day’) set. Let S= {moto Bike, Cor) The dsconuttion spsebobilihy maka fa the thoin mode 4 "ani " p 4 p = 0 | = \ip ty o Given Con “a wed, On A joud thi weth- ‘the initio bobikity Aiatsibucion 6} =the made of two ‘a Given by f= lod. ince the Cost ee the facbabi.tihy “thot hth a qued ds 0 dnd the poxotabiti hed Cox lv wed Jad. Sothe fpebty Sixbahudion o) Bu mode borsbod doy iy given bay. aise o 7 ‘oO an - lr ® ») i (3fg Oh i lh a Ganaee. ” -P, pt = | lo pt Ls [hee th)* AYLU dou, prghabaity of wai @ lke = pi She ‘Probabiti, 4 aire) « Lore 5 ple =" © hue bop A, B® and C Oe iru, ball to each othe, Ay cutkooy, throw the boll Lo % oad B alwarp Tegus the batt Loc, bul Cu pu ce thous the Wath to % oy to A. 44 C Ou Abs Souk puuon to Tag tht babl find Bu “psdbealeibitie tat © A hy the bal (i) B hos Au bar (3c ho the bob: Apu teut tarsal or or Sw Jauth teow’) wit: the TRM & Pe: o 1 0 o oF! Np Yr 0 Tait C hoa thy ball. S. The Enitiol poebability dlidsibution iy giver toy f= (0,0, 9. d Sine fhe DEY Qa daiced QoL “thu Haar we Aout 20 inal Pp. 2. - P: (Ye Ws oO )a Va Pp. wp: fo ol(th bo: oO MY th | Vy My thP. fh yo | 4 4 @ The ole User Hats the danbabilihy had cLhe ba with Auy, Bully 4 Cath 6) A Aale man & 4ebu in thy CH A,B,C. Heme, AWS Jn thy Annu (iby On Auccontve coup 94 hy AULA in Coy A Bn on. choy, “han “the rack tu AWLL tn ay, Howevt i) she sells dn ebther @ C, thy Un Nat doy Aa iy trotce Sikeby be AU in city P04 inthe Bee Day 1 Th Q Yun ‘haus okten Clow he seh each A Aas COD Br The TP m | sew preen 4 R BC Pz afo 1 0 \ s\y, o |B Th odin Ae ft thu happening Jn Lang Sun, wt haveto Prd we trig Fpatandny Seon’ Leb ve gad a yre | qi NPev- ee , i 3 (2,42) 83 "J, 0 [Soras, ak, 4): (2.43)| | Ly ed SY FAL AL WUE = Y Yez MeU-Z “Uc3Z- WA [od La3e-z% 3 L=az We Jove a+ yrds 4. a= 8z Bx432th= | 232 ee 3 = 3/3 - 0% = | 336 “3{2) a a4 3-8 a Ys | = Ve] 9 3 20' “30 ' 30 S seth ay chy A votth pethobitity = g 30 S ay in city ® volt ‘Probabitity 24 tn city C votth bydbabiti ° S sok sin Ciby vot % tk © Evy (yer & roan drodts hia con Jor a revs Con df Ay Sas DOBLE, he Joead’s 4 for On Pmbonader- 94 A fy On Armbourcdor, he trades UL ja O Sanbuo- Hoses (| Ae has Sortie du ' Just ste duode tt Jara neo Bondn® cs tp trade % Jao toudi & On Pinbuuad. Th 2000, I Wag his fuck (ove tushich wana fordna . Find the prababdlity snot he hoo (2) 8008 Sando 2002 MarkAEE, Sol. =r, =—=——<—s t Sate shace G JA. Moxudtt, @ :Ambanada ,C Snbae os tpn Bw 4 BC aA| oO 10 a ere clig i ‘Ap. With dopo a the oud Yeo, dood 4s t9 be Xegonded Os dD Ypors beds Pp = PP jo ooL AA AB AC Vs Ya 'b = |pa B38 ve | Yq Ty Yl cA CB (3) Ty aoa, Sane = 4 (cc) (® In g002, Menu = 1, (ca) (FY 6 Aokituat gamble dy a membe ef cts clubs ond . be visits Of ths Clubs tutrydloyy for bisuing asus He ntuu vinids club A on tthvs Loniuctve cloyy. Bact, he vats cub Bo @ packeulor clay, thin “the net choy he by Suehy drromition rrobire 4 Show © ON jad au MA ® ia ao Vaid Club 3 athiy Moskos Unain. ALo, hed the motkin La Sugai Stochastic wot Foud As bbability Neck the pousn had visited Ulub B on Mendoy, Aha pedbobility thedt Fe vnc Ulu A On thud, ev Club A. Find SheSq. SS: The ayeanuition sanbish wos chain 4 i} {Prouloded. uy TeajpMoles hain: p: Ao a = (ov Sa BL Yo We Oy, 89a] The yOu COA to the foc thod he nent gOS to Cub A on two Lonucidiue doy dich Emp thos: Me da wane he Nuch Chub B.—the Aecond. OL Comp nd do Sook Bhed af he gaude B Om a cpostiuslon he vik & ® FW on she pelowin » Prabobili ing cho ah va pally age 8d @ Now tombe Po fo fo ']_ file ie [R Yo |e | ~ hk Yy J - St ae ea a one Fattive. P ds suyaton stochatic We Aral Rnd he Unique fired prthobitity vects Thad ute Fat Ve (a,yS such thet UP= UY whew WHY = | PB pls bd Korg) fev ae lees We hawt YY = 1% arene z\- ye 4 =f {-X-ax =O 3 32) Bp TS) sea)\) Let ow Aubpe My 1h t : Onda dy doy 4, thin Thundoy will be 3doy mee Merdoy- Given thet he quud hod. el Chub ® On nay Shy prabobiliby shot he vad dub A oftoe Oy, 4a eguivolerd yg naling a,” hom PP Meo Pe Pps le Blea 1) fhe ay Yu Su} {Mo ths = [2s SB me a = Thy thi sugubud drobebility b 3p. A mony ‘eathing halo wu CO Y Aneahts blow Cigaxt one wee, she! svoilches"2b0_ no felt CiqpKebs dhe neck werk votth pudbabitiby 0-9. Or Bu Bho hand, af he smokes NO - 4ebb ur Cigon cette One coeek thew uo ‘uababisity of ot thocl he a Amele non Ke Choostethts the ote 4 WoeLl. In te rod atin dots he Amdbe 4elter cigosxettest Sgt the Hn. Space o| the dystem u {nA .8 whee A: Swothing fUdor Ceqosetles , 3 Smoking non jet Cpuebler The oxocioded teansftion matix 04 \ob bare A 8 ' 8hio Afio fe 2 Afos ora). el ee ‘es ot Mg * bls 7 ead Unigne fod -prstobitl vechh, Ve (x.y) wes va ww wey by (a b/s] = fed {gat3y, dary] = [10t, 10y) oo|?> rus 10% \ dHTY =10y.. (9 ‘ing, Wee in athe fout agp, we gt Sa+3al- =10% yet BAF S-Ba = 10 =1-% B= jor-5x —Ss a= Jur) Hone ye [a Wd (9° 4s) = (Pq. Pe) Ty the Stun, he wilh Amoke Heiter U ches 3s@) 60% 4 SRN ee a (8) Each year on piode ky cor fo ames ox ln 3, wns 4h Dhe popular Mosudt Udyog imittal . TY the thos & 'Stondond he dood ja er ad O' Lin’ he dyendes dt JorQ 'Exbuum’, Ty he hos. “tstearn! he Jy fusl 04 7 “ne Tb oy an a po at Le’ @ “0 Giomdaad’ wre. Ta WAG Ae beughst hia Jud Cae Which wo Eabean - () Find Bu pobobitity that Ae hos od 1498 Esdtern BS lag Stonsrosed. & 1909 Zen aS (999 Esteem WS Tr ad Jang sun , havo afer il he have & Esketm) Bi. The Aik shaw F the dystin 4 JA.8,ch whou A: Sensor Bi Zn Cs Eten. the anocieded demnsition moti “uy os \pulo-s - ® BC pe Afo 1 Ay Ay Ay Bl O OF | = [Oy Og dos cli a 34 a 8W Wwtth 199g - cu dhe ut yeor, 19199 y bo b uy eee ‘ud be a 8 ytor coe W4q Oy oe ihea cyte. “gpd Se need 40 compute = cnh PD Geek ae do! 01 0 ol = Va tp EY ‘Is Te "a }Lys Va iN i, Ula Mg Psfoo '\po 1 o\ (ib is ts Vs a ‘b\fo o 3 {th sla 44 Yo Ula Hla fL te ‘a ‘Is\ (ufss Ala lst | ® ta9¢ Edun = of =4 ma s la vatth sofounce te Pr © 199g Stondad = OL Ng ®) 909 Len = as) = 4 © 9 Xen ms l93 wath ntpounce te P®. @ 1994 Eston 2 af) = Waa (A) “Te fod unique fred prcbobility veeto WL ty,2) Suth Ahod VPs vAbE da yt! [a, wails 5 a - fe, ya. Ya ‘a 'B {a % a [5 | > jaya fe, gaz, ay] = [2a. 34.32] YZedA, BWA dY 5 Byt t= Sh.Conidae Byi- Using X=% and ae wot gel ba = 3l-1-9) = \eX-Z (eax ‘tae “*) BAF B-8A-3L “1 \8x=23 ¢ 2 eb yeh) | > b-)-3-g % aL “6b & LV TMs fyi = {e, ‘a, 4a] z C5 Pp rt), Tn the Long Suan, + sakabilty, he Soutng Exteon up Yp. “Thuy fy the Aang sun in S0/- of The dime Av vill have Esleon. () A -gombtucs fuck Jotlow a fodton, 3} he wins a ane Pochabitiby Q wioni the neat ue UO. lis he tars 0 game, te of lot Tre nook One wu OeT- Thou daQn wen Chance 4 Gourle vainneag dhs ut gare, 3 40 @ What 2 the kai he votnning the Lak game ® Sete ae patauily! “he uve Ldrning ah thd © In te os, Sun , how Ben he wll win? B.- State aboce [loin (Wd , hate (YY anc the cmocicded. bpm Q w&% book ee O6 OF) Lt } Pe (e8 oa fs + Porsbodnitity 4 wstoring Ue fut game w![>. 2 Tritial prusbobiity Jeeta f= [the th)3) Neus ie “Pe -1{ Dalle ale ¥y): = [4.4] : Hone = (Aho, ie Pap) Thy dhe snes o AL wth SP. - 1. 30 (a, ne EIS fh 4 4 [st Hg a 7 el i 3) ® @) Pe Soa Thus thu prshobitity § he coinning the -thod. Jame & 8,, ae Cpokabality eda. a(x) OP = whew Lye} Y {x +18 Fil . (oy) 64 +34 =10 2 5 WHY =l0y = HO Gey| Vente We (oA: ul) pe Pj Th in Bu Lona sun nee ae the second gone 4 Yc 6 y