Research Proposal on Cash Management Practice (2)

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RIFT VALLIY UNIVERSITY
Department Of Project Management
MA RESEARCH PROPOSAL
ASSESSMENT ON CASH MANAGEMENT PRACTICE OF DASHEN
BANK (IN CASE OF Salo Gora BRANCH)
BY MEKWANINT
REBUMA……………………………….ID/0102/2022
Submitted to Dr. ASFAW

NOV 25/2023
(Research Proposal) ___________________________________ Rift Valley University

MA RESEARCH PROPOSAL
BY MEKWANINT
REBUMA……………………………….ID/0102/2022
Submitted to Dr. ASFAW

NOV 25/2023
II | P a g e
ABSTRACT
Cash is the money which firm can disburse immediately without any restriction. The
term cash include coins, currency and cheques held by the firm, and balance in the
bank account (Mosich, 1998). Cash management comprises the operational and
banking processes associated with the collection, aggregation, holding and
disbursement of cash (Stephen M. Vajs Brussels, April 4, 2014). The study will be
conducted on cash management practice of Dashen bank, Salo Gora Branch. As the
approach to cash management and the degree of sophistication in business processes
will vary from banks to banks and will be influenced by a bank’s size, geographical
distribution and the nature of its operations, the objective of the study is to assess the
effectiveness and efficiency of cash management practice in the Branch in regards to
the above cash management approach. To achieve the desired objective, both primary
and secondary source of data will be used. The primary data will be collected through
questionnaire that will be prepared for all employees of the bank and secondary data
that will be used will be the Banks annual report and journals. In addition to these,
intensive literature review will be conducted to analysis and interpret the findings that
leads to the final conclusion and recommendations. Census survey technique will be
used, so that all employees will be considered as a source for the primary data. The
questionnaires will contain both open-ended and close- ended type. The secondary data
will be collected by reviewing annual reports and journals of the bank. After the data is
collected, it will be analyze d and interpreted by using quantitative and qualitative
method. The anticipated research outcome will be the adoption of sound cash
management practices which assist the branch to make informed strategic decisions in
relation to projected cash requirements, forward planning and asset replacements.
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Contents
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................... III
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Back Ground of the study ................................................................................................ 1
1.2. Statement of the problem ............................................................................................... 2
1.3. Research Questions ......................................................................................................... 3
The study will answer the following research questions. ............................................................ 3
1.4. Objective of the study .......................................................................................................... 3
1.4.1. General objective .......................................................................................................... 3
1.4.2. Specific Objectives ........................................................................................................ 3
1.5 Significance of the study ........................................................................................................... 4
1.6. Scope of the study .................................................................................................................... 4
1.7 Organization of the study .......................................................................................................... 4
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE................................................................................... 5
2.1 Definition of Cash ................................................................................................................. 5
2.2 Importance of cash ................................................................................................................ 5
2.3 Cash management .................................................................................................................. 5
2.4 Cash Budget .......................................................................................................................... 6
2.5 Short term Cash forecast ....................................................................................................... 7
2.6 Investing idle cash ................................................................................................................. 7
2.7 Reason for holding cash ........................................................................................................ 8
2.8 Internal control over cash .......................................................................................................... 9
3. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ..................................................................... 11
3.1 Research Design ...................................................................................................................... 11
3.3 method of data collection ........................................................................................................ 11
3.5 Method of data analysis and presentation................................................................................ 12
4.2 Budget schedule................................................................................................................... 13
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 14
IV | P a g e
1. INTRODUCTION
This chapter presented the introduction, background of the study, problem statement, objectives
of the study, research questions, scope of the study, significance of the study, and organization of
the study. Cash management means a company's or/and banks’ ability to allocate its funds
efficiently in an effort to cover operating expenses, make investments, repay shareholders and
maintain adequate reserves. The Cash Management is concerned with the collection,
disbursement and the management of cash in such a way that firm's liquidity is maintained. In
other words, it is concerned with managing the cash flows within and outside the firm and
making decisions with respect to the investment of surplus cash or raising the cash from outside
for financing the deficit. The objective of cash management practices in a bank is to have
adequate control over the cash position, so as to avoid the risk of insolvency and use the
excessive cash in some profitable way (Frank, 2018).
1.1. Back Ground of the study

Cash is the money which firm can disburse immediately without any restriction. The term cash
include coins, currency and cheques held by the firm, and balance in the bank account.
Sometimes near cash items, such as marketable securities or bank term deposits, are also
included in cash. The basic characteristic of near cash asset is that they can readily be converted
into cash (Payday 2010). In addition, cash is anything that a bank would accept for a deposit in
customers` account. It is the most important current asset for the operation of business; it is also
the essential need to keep the business running on continuous basis. Cash is ultimate output that
is expected to be realized by selling the service or the product of the form. It constitutes the
smallest portion of asset, but it needs considerable time devotion for managing; since it is the
most to be used improperly. Cash includes currency and coin, personal check, bank drafts,
money orders, and customers` deposit that is available for unrestricted d withdrawal from the
bank and other financial institutions (Mosich, 1998).
Cash management is a strategy by which a company administers and invests its idle cash in profit
earning activity and uses effective control to overcome problems that will occur related with
cash. It is concerned with the management of cash balance held by the bank for liquidity
purpose. Cash management is one part of the financial management system that deals with the
management of cash properly to maintain the profitability of cash excess and to minimize the
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cash shortage risk. Cash management refers to the proper use of firm`s cash resource. It serves as
the means to keep the bank functioning by making the best use of cash or liquid asset of a firm. It
is an efficient management of cash in a business in order to put the cash to work more quickly
and to keep the cash in application that produces income. It generally concentrated on
forecasting and internal control over cash (Ross, 1998).
Dashen Bank is among the biggest private Banks in Ethiopia. Dashen is the most reputable brand
in the domestic banking market in Ethiopia. It operates through a network of more than 675 plus
Branches, nine dedicated Forex Bureaus, 400 plus ATMs and 1,300 plus Point-of-Sale (POS)
terminals spread across the length and breadth of the nation.
Some of the bank’s services include: fund transfer, transfer within own account, transfer within
Dashen Bank account, transfer to other Bank, transfer to mobile (registered & unregistered),
mobile payment, bill payment, DSTV subscription payment, school fee payment, air time top up,
digital content sales payment (concert tickets, Ethiopian great run ticket payments & many
more), utility payment, air ticket purchase, merchant payment and direct Remittance to mobile
wallet. The assessment will analysis the level of cash management in providing the above
services specifically in the selected branch (Salo Gora).
1.2. Statement of the problem

Cash is the life blood of a business enterprise because; it is a means of acquiring goods and
Services. Cash management refers to the financial management technique used by corporate
treasures to accurate the receivable, control payment to trade creditors and efficiently manage
cash (Bringham, 1995). A Company can significantly increase its net income through its cash
management policy with the one at hand and accumulated in banks. Cash management helps to
forecast cash flow, prepare cash and financial budget. In addition to this, it helps to ensure that
there is enough cash to cover day to day company payment needs.
However, in recent times it’s well known that most private commercial banks have a huge
problem of liquidity (Reporter Newspaper, March 2023 edition) that lead to mismanagement of
cash in their hand. There are reports that many business organizations are facing cash deficit at
different time; because of ineffective cash receipt and payment practices by banks. Dashen
Bank of Salo Gora branch is also not exception from this problem. Therefore, the assessment
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will present how well the branch is managing the cash flow specifically and the bank in general.
In addition, as most businesses fail to success due to the problem of holding high idle cash, the
research will cover in identifying whether this problem exists in Dashen Bank Salo Gora branch.
Finally, as per specific requirement of NBE, a commercial bank shall establish an Asset &
Liability Management Committee (ALCO) to manage its assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet
items so as to fully meet the bank’s contractual commitments. The researcher preliminarily
identified the gap between the NBE directives and the really on the ground during assessment of
the problem as stated above and the researcher believes the study will be find a vital gap and
recommends the possible solution.
1.3. Research Questions

The study will answer the following research questions.
1. What are the main challenges on cash management practice?
2. What are the policy and procedures to manage cash payment and receipt?
3. How the bank is utilize idle cash in hand?
4. What kind of known schedules and trend analysis the bank is using in forecasting the
needed cash?
5. What system the bank uses to finance cash deficit?
1.4. Objective of the study
1.4.1. General objective

The general objective of the study will be to assess the cash management practice of Dashen
Bank Salo Gora Branch in regards to maximizing liquidity, controlling of cash flows and
maximize the value of funds while minimizing the cost of funds.
1.4.2. Specific Objectives

The specific objectives of the study will be:
1. To analysis the level of cash management practice in the branch

2. To assess what the cash receipt and payment system of the bank.
3. To investigates the bank`s idle cash investment technique.
4. To identify the bank`s financing system of cash deficit.
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1.5 Significance of the study

The need of this study is to justify the presence of well-defined practice of cash management like
cash forecasting which involves an analysis of whole of the branch cash holdings, cash inflows
and cash outflows. Will identify when excess cash, or cash shortfalls are likely to occur and
managed. The contribution of the study is to promote an accurate and timely cash flow forecasts,
the efficient use of cash and ensure funds are available to meet the branch financial obligations
when they fall due, as well as assisting in strategic short and long-term planning. It will helps the
researcher to get satisfaction and broad knowledge about the cash management, besides it will
helps the bank to evaluate its strength and weakness by comparing with the previous year annual
report and then takes corrective action in its weak side. It will also provide hint to know how the
bank collects cash from its customers periodically. It will serves as reference for future potential
researchers.
1.6. Scope of the study

The study will be conducted to assess cash management practice of Dashen bank in Salo Gora
branch. The reasons to limits the study only in this branch are, even though as a bank the general
policy on cash management is the same throughout the branches, but the level of cash inflow and
outflow and the quality of implementation varies from branch to branch. So, the researcher`s
intention of selecting this branch is to know how the bank exercise its cash management activity
since liquidity problem is one of their main challenge. The financial capacity limitation is also
taken in to consideration as it will difficult if the scope is wider than this level.
1.7 Organization of the study

The study paper will Consists of four chapters. The first chapter will have introduction section
which will contains background of the study, statement of the problem, research questions,
objective of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study. The second
chapter will be about review of related literature. The third chapter will contain the research
methodology. Time schedule and budget part will be included in the fourth chapter.
4|Page
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Definition of Cash
Cash has been described as an asset, which banks acquire in exchange for deposit liability. In
other word when a customer puts money in to his bank account, the bank acquires cash in
exchange for documentary Acknowledgment of liability toward the customer (BOA, 2008). Cash
is the amount of actual money a business has at its disposal. It is classified on the balance sheet
as a current asset, meaning it is likely to be used within the next 12 months, and is usually held in
bank accounts (bdc.ca/article). Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash
equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known
amounts of cash and that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value (IFRS). Cash is
the medium of exchange that a bank will accept for deposit and withdrawal. It is the most liquid
and available for immediate payment of obligation and is easily transferable asset. It includes
coin, currency (paper money), petty cash and certain negotiable instruments that are accepted by
financial institution (Pandy, 1998).
2.2 Importance of cash

Cash is potential buying power and provides the manager with flexibility when conditions
change. It may not be a profitable strategic asset for the long term, but it is an underrated risk
mitigation tool for active managers in the short and medium term (Seth Allen, 2017). Cash is
important because it provides individual and organizations with liquidity. This means that you
are to pay of obligation on time even if it is bad time. The importance of cash is assigned with
the significance of having emergency found set up it is equally important to have approximately
in order to meet obligation (Pandey, 2004).
2.3 Cash management

In a banking, the term Cash Management refers to the day-to-day administration of managing
cash inflows and outflows. Because of the multitude of cash transactions on a daily basis, they
must be managed. The ultimate goal of cash management is to maximize liquidity and minimize
the cost of funds (Field & Main). Cash management is a set of methods or techniques that a
company uses to accurate the collection of receivables, control payment to trade creditors and
efficiently management cash. Cash management involves having the optimum (that means
5|Page
neither excess nor deficit amount of cash on hand at the right-time). In order to manage the cash
of the company properly, the bank knows how much cash is needed in the operation (Bringham,
2010).
Cash management is a broad term that is concentrate on collection and disbarment of cash. It
comprises the level of liquidity; it is management of cash balance and also short term investment
strategy. Managing of cash management is a key to ensure the financial solvency of a business
company. If any time the company fails to pay an obligation because of lack of cash, the
company insolvent. Insolvent is the main reason for firms to go towards bankrupt, so it is must
for companies to manage their cash with care (Ross, 1998).
2.4 Cash Budget

A cash budget is an estimation of the cash flows of a business over a specific period of time. This
could be for a weekly, monthly, quarterly, or annual budget. This budget is used to assess
whether the entity has sufficient cash to continue operating over the given time frame. Cash
budget is a primary tool in short run financial planning allows a financial manager to identify
short term financial needs and opportunities. An important function of the cash budget is helping
the manager to expose the need for short term borrowing. The concept of cash budget is simple:
it records estimate of cash receipt (cash in) and disbursement (cash out). The result is an estimate
of the cash surplus or deficit (Jordan, 2007).
Cash Budget is a Schedule of expected cash receipt and disbursement it predicts the effect of
cash position of the given level of operation. In practice monthly and sometimes weakly cash
budget is very helpful for cash planning and control cash budget. It also helps to avoid
unnecessary cash and an expected cash deficiency and to keep the cash balance in line with
needs (Horngren, 2006).
A cash budget is a summary statement is of the firms expected cash inflow and out flow for a
projected time period. It offers information on the timing and magnitude expected cash flow and
cash balance over the projected time period. This information aids the financial manager to
determine the future cash need and to exercise control over the cash liquidity of the firm. The
target balance involves a tradeoff between the opportunity cost of holding too much and the
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trading costs of holding too little. If the firms hold to low cash, it will find itself selling
marketable securities and perhaps later buying marketable securities to replace the sold more
frequently than if the cash balance was higher. This trading cost will tend to fall as the cash
balance larger .In contrast, the opportunity cost of holding cash rise as the cash holding rise
(Pandey, 2004).
2.5 Short term Cash forecast

Short term cash forecasting refers to planning and budgeting cash for a short period. The short
period is less than a year, with a span of one to six months. This includes: Minimizing short-term
debt, idle cash, and cash buffers. Short-term cash forecasts are help full in: estimating cash
requirement, planning short-term financing, scheduling payments in connection with capital
expenditure project, planning purchase of material, developing credit policy and checking the
accuracy of long-term forecasts. Firms use multiple short-term forecasts at various length and
detail suited to meet different needs. Short term cash forecast is based on the actual cash receipt
and disbursement data. Short term cash forecast is crucial for preventing a situation in which a
business facing bankruptcy.
2.6 Investing idle cash

Idle cash is, as the phrase implies, cash that is idle or is not being used in a way that can increase
the value of a business. It means that the cash is not earning interest from sitting in savings or a
checking account, and is not generating a profit in the form of asset purchases or investments.
Investment is an alternative for the firm in order to properly manage the idle or surplus cash. If a
firm has a temporary cash surplus, it can invest in short term securities. There are funds that are
invest in short term financial assets for a management fee and the management fee is
compensation for the professional expertise and diversification provided by the fund managers.
Investing idle cash is the primary function of the bank to act as a depositary for its customer’s
funds and to meet the credit need for its service area. But deposit flow and loan demand are
subject to high degree of uncertainty with respect to their direction, magnitude and timing.
Investing idle cash has two primary functions. The first function is that it is the major contributor
to earnings. The second function of investing idle cash is to provide the bank with liquidity to
meet expected or unexpected cash needs. The purchase of money market instruments is the
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means of to convert temporary cash surplus in to highly liquid interest-bearing investment (Ross,
1998).
Investment of temporary idle cash in selected type of marketable securities is an element of good
financial management (Pandy, 2004). In principal money market instruments used for investing
idle cash are:
1. Treasury bills: are very liquid money market instruments issued by government. They are
the frequently issued marketable securities; they are sold weekly or monthly on an action
basis and have a minimum maturity of one year. These securities do not offer the highest
yield among short term debt instruments and can be quickly converted in to cash without
having default risk (Jordan, 2007).
2. Negotiable certificate of deposit
Certificate deposits are papers issued by banks acknowledging fixed deposit for a specified
period of time. They are negotiable instruments this makes them marketable securities
(Jordan, 2007).
3. Commercial paper
Commercial papers are a short term money market instruments with a maturity of three months
to one year. Commercial papers do not have liquidity problem. So that they are important for
investing of temporary idle cash (Pandey, 2004).
4. Banks acceptance; Drafts which have been drawn on about by a customer and which bear
the banks promise to pay them of maturity (Jordan, 1995).
2.7 Reason for holding cash

Cash is the most liquid and less productive asset of a firm. If cash remains idle, it earns nothing
but involves cost in terms of interest payable, to finance it. Although cash is least productive
asset; firms should hold certain amount of cash for marketable security. The reasons for holding
cash are: Transaction motive, precautionary motive and speculative motive.
1.Transaction motive: Transaction motive is the need to hold cash to satisfy normal
disbursement and collection activities associated with a firm’s ongoing operation.
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Transaction means the act of giving and taking of cash or kinds in the ordinary course of the
business. A firm should make payment in terms of cash for the purchase of goods, payment
of salary, wages, rent, interest, tax, insurance, and dividend and so on. A firm also receives
cash in terms of sales revenue, interest on loan, return on investment made outside the firm
and so on. In real situation, cash disbursement not exactly matched with cash receipt, the
firm should hold certain level of cash to meet current payment of cash in excess of its
receipt during the period (John Mynard kenes, 1936).
2. Precautionary motive: precautionary motive refers to holding cash as a safety margin to

act as a financial reserve. A firm should hold some cash for the payment of unpredictable or
unanticipated events. The unpredictable emergencies bind a firm to hold certain level of
cash. But, how much cash is held against these emergencies depends on the degree of
predictability, less cash balance is sufficient (Pandey, 2004).
3. Speculative motive: speculative motive is the need to hold cash in order to be able to take
advantage of bargaining purchase that might arise, attractive interest rates and favorable
exchange rate fluctuation. It is related to the holding of cash for profit making opportunity
and when arises, such as sudden decline in price of materials (John Mynard kenes, 1936).
2.8 Internal control over cash

Business decisions of almost every kind are based at least in part on accounting data. These
decisions range from such minor matters as authorizing overtime work and purchasing office
supplies to such major issues as a shift from one product to another or making a choice
between leasing or buying a new plant. The internal control structure provides assurance to
management of the dependability of the accounting data used in making decisions (KIBRU
2010).
Internal Control (IC). In the broadest sense, an organization’s IC structure (also referred to as
internal control system) consists of the policies and procedures established to provide
reasonable assurance that the organization’s objectives will be achieved. Internal control
consists of all measures taken to assure management that everything is functioning as it
should (Meigs, 1989:145-149).
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A system of internal control is not designed primarily to detect errors but rather to reduce the
opportunity for errors or dishonesty to occur. In an effective system internal control, no one
person should carry out all phases of a business transaction from beginning to end. The
system of internal controls frequently may be improved by physical safeguards. Computer
help to improve the efficiency and accuracy of record keeping function. Cash register, safes,
and pre- numbered business forms are very helpful in safeguard cash and establishing
reasonability for it. Any system of internal control must be supervised with care if it is to
function effectively.
Control over cash sales is strongest when two or more employees (usually a sales clerk and
cashier) participate in each transaction with a customer. Restaurants and cafeterias often sue
a centrally located cashier who receives cash from the customer a long with a sale ticket
prepared by another employee. Theatres generally have a cashier selling pre numbered
tickets, which are collected by a door attendant when the customer is admitted. If tickets or
sales checks are serially numbered and all numbers accounted for, this separation of
responsibility for the transaction is an effective means of preventing fraud (Arrence and
Lobeck, 2002).
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3. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design

The study will use descriptive research design methodology. Because it helps to investigate one
or more variables. It requires preplanned and control of other structured mediating design which
enable to describe the problems as they exist. It also helps to create some understanding about
the nature of the problem. Also the methods of sample design is secondary data (quantitative),
surveys, panel and observational. SPSS Version 20.0 and Stata software will be used to analyze
if the collected data is too complex.
3.2 Source of data
For this study, both primary and secondary sources of data will be used. The primary sources of
data will be the employees and management of the bank and the secondary source of data will
be the bank’s annual report, books, magazines, journals, websites and other similar researches
will be used as secondary data.
3.3 method of data collection

The primary data will be collected through questionnaires in which all staffs of cash department
in this branches; i.e. branch manager, assistant branch managers, journal keepers and auditors
will be considered as population of the study. The questionnaires will contains both open ended
and close ended type. The secondary data will be collected by reviewing the annual reports of the
bank.
3.4 Target population and sampling technique
The target population the researcher selected for this study is the employees of Dashen bank in
Salo Gora like branch manager, assistant branch managers, journal keepers and auditors. Since
the whole populations are small in number, it is possible to address the whole population. So
that, for this study the researcher will use census survey technique.
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3.5 Method of data analysis and presentation

The data that will be collected through interview and questionnaire will be organized before fully
analyzed and summarized. The researcher will use different quantitative and qualitative methods
to analyze the data. Quantitative means, the researcher analyze the data by assigning percentage
for the answer forwarded by the respondents. Qualitative means, the researcher will use personal
understanding to analyze some of the data which will be obtained through open ended questions.
The analyzed data that is information will be presented by using table and the researcher will
interpret the data from the presentation table. In addition to this the researcher will use own
personal understanding to interpret open-ended questions. The analyzed data will be presented
by using tables.
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CHAPTER FOUR
4. Time and budget plan
4.1 Time schedule
Project time forecast 2023
No Task Name March 20 May 20 Jun 20 August 20
1 Identify problem
2 Planning
3 Research
4 Data Analysis
5 Reporting and
presentation
6 Publishing
4.2 Budget schedule
Item Quantity Per unit (Birr) Total Cost (Birr)
Paper 100.00 2.00 200.00

Pen 5 20.00 100.00
Equipment and stationary
Pencil 5 10.00 50.00

Binder 1 100.00 100.00
Flash 1 500 500
Miscellaneous 200
Total Cost - - 1,150
Transportation 5 400 2000.00
Internet 5GB. 100 500.00
Printer 45 pages 5.00 225.00
Binding 1 125.00 125.00
Personal cost
Total cost - - 2,850.00

Contingency - - 1000.00
Overall total cost - - 5,000.00
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REFERENCES
 (Arenac & Lobeck, 2002). Auditing integral Approach 9th. Edition

 (Blog/https://www.fieldandmain.com/blog/what-is-cash-management-and-how-can-it-
benefit-my-business.
 (Bringham, 1995) Fundamental of financial Managing 7th edition
 (Bringham, 2010), Principle of financial management accounting, 16th edition Dallas
southwestern company
 (Horngeren, 2006), cost accounting, 16th editions. Delhi
 https://www.bdc.ca/en/articles-tools/entrepreneur-toolkit/templates-business-uide
 (Kenes, 1936) Indian currency and finance 8th edition
 (Kwame, 2007) Cash management practice of commercial bank of Ethiopia, University of
Gonder, Ethiopia.
 (Mesfin, 2002) Assessment of internal cash control of commercial bank of Ethiopia , Jimma
University, Ethiopia.
 (Mosich, 1998),Intermediate accounting 16th edition.USA Mcgrew hill,in,
 (NBE, 2014), Liquidity Requirement (5th Replacement) Directives No.SBB/57/2014”.
 (Pandey, 2004), financial management, 9th edition. Vika a house new Delhi India.
 (Seth, 2012) Article on cash management, Founding partner of the Pinkowski-Allen
Financial Group and Senior Portfolio Manager & Senior VP at Raymond James Ltd.
 (Stephen, 1998), fundamental of corporate finance, USA Mc grew Hill, Inc
 (Whittington, 2010), principle of Auditing. 17th edition, Cincinnati, south western company.
14 | P a g e

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RIFT VALLIY UNIVERSITY

Department Of Project Management

Submitted to Dr. ASFAW

ASSESSMENT ON CASH MANAGEMENT PRACTICE OF DASHEN

Submitted to Dr. ASFAW

1.1. Back Ground of the study

1.2. Statement of the problem

1.3. Research Questions

1.4. Objective of the study

1.4.1. General objective

1.4.2. Specific Objectives

1. To analysis the level of cash management practice in the branch

1.5 Significance of the study

1.6. Scope of the study

1.7 Organization of the study

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.2 Importance of cash

2.3 Cash management

2.4 Cash Budget

2.5 Short term Cash forecast

2.6 Investing idle cash

2.7 Reason for holding cash

2. Precautionary motive: precautionary motive refers to holding cash as a safety margin to

2.8 Internal control over cash

3. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Source of data

3.3 method of data collection

3.4 Target population and sampling technique

3.5 Method of data analysis and presentation

4.2 Budget schedule

Item Quantity Per unit (Birr) Total Cost (Birr)

Paper 100.00 2.00 200.00

Pencil 5 10.00 50.00

Flash 1 500 500

Total cost - - 2,850.00

 (Arenac & Lobeck, 2002). Auditing integral Approach 9th. Edition

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