Alexandria University
Faculty of Engineering
production Engineering Department
Level one
Reamers
Submitted to:
Dr/ Essam Soliman
Dr/ Nagham Elberishy
Submitted by: Group 3
ID Name
22010989 عمرو ايمن عبدالعزيز فؤاد
22011028 فيلوباتير رمزى شاكر حنين
22010990 عمرو جابر عبدالعزيز سيد
22010974 عمر علي السيد قاسم
22011974 إبراهيم سعيد محمد الصعيدى
21010175 أحمد محمد محمود السيد
21011061 محمد احمد حسن محمد
21010432 حازم فتحي توفيق الشرقاوي
21011253 محمود احمد علي يقطين
21010538 روان تامر فؤاد
Introduction:
Reamers are cutting tools used to enlarge or smooth a pre-existing hole
created by a drill bit. They come in various designs, each suited for
specific applications and materials. Here's a breakdown of the most
common types of reamers:
By Shank Type
• Chucking Reamers:
• The most widely used reamers, featuring a straight shank for
gripping in a drill chuck or lathe. They come in various sizes and
flute designs for through-hole applications.
• Shell Reamers:
• Ideal for large diameter holes (typically ¾ inch and above). They
consist of replaceable cutting inserts or blades secured to a separate
shank. This design reduces cost and simplifies manufacturing.
Shell reamers can have straight, spiral, or helical flutes.
• Hand Reamers:
• Designed for manual reaming applications, with a tang shank for
fitting in a T-handle or wrench. They are typically used for light-
duty reaming or in situations where machine tools are impractical.
•
By Flute Design
• Straight-Fluted Reamers:
• These have flutes parallel to the centerline of the tool. They are
suitable for through-holes and produce a good surface finish.
However, they can be prone to chip removal issues, especially in
deep holes or ductile materials.
• Spiral-Fluted Reamers:
• Also known as helical fluted reamers, these feature flutes that
spiral around the tool. The design aids in chip evacuation, making
them ideal for blind holes, deep holes, and materials that tend to
produce stringy chips, like stainless steel.
By Adjustability:
• Solid Reamer:
• A one-piece tool made from a single material like high-speed steel
or carbide. Solid reamers offer good rigidity but cannot be adjusted
for size.
• Adjustable Reamer:
• Features blades or inserts that can be moved to control the cutting
diameter within a limited range. This allows for slight size
adjustments or compensating for wear.
• Expansion Reamer:
• A type of adjustable reamer where the body expands or contracts to
vary the cutting diameter. They are suitable for applications
requiring reaming holes to different sizes.
Other Specialty Reaming Tools
• Taper Pin Reamers:
• Designed to create tapered holes for fitting taper pins. They have a
tapered shank that matches the taper of the pin.
• Bridge Reamers:
• Used in structural steelwork and shipbuilding for reaming large
holes in beams and plates. They are typically machine-operated
and come in various sizes with straight or helical flutes.
The size of reamers is typically specified by their diameter, which ranges
from small fractions of an inch to several inches. They may also be
identified by their metric equivalent. When choosing a reamer, consider
the material being machined, the type of hole (through or blind), and the
desired level of precision.
Amount of Material Removed by a Reamer
The amount of material removed by a reamer is determined by the
difference between the original drilled hole size and the final reamed hole
size. This difference is called the reaming allowance.
Here's how it's calculated:
Reaming Allowance = Reamer Diameter - Drilled Hole Diameter
Factors Affecting Reaming Allowance:
• Desired Final Hole Size:
• The primary factor is the final precise diameter you need for your
application.
• Material Properties:
• Harder materials typically require smaller reaming allowances to
avoid stressing the reamer or damaging the hole.
• Reamer Type:
• Some reamer designs, like adjustable reamers, offer a small range
of adjustability, affecting the final diameter achieved.
Problems Associated with Reaming and Solutions
Reaming can encounter several problems that affect hole quality and
reamer life. Here are some common issues and solutions:
• Excessive Reaming Allowance:
o Problem:
o too big allowance can cause the reamer to remove too much
material, reducing its accuracy and increasing wear.
o Solution:
o Use a drill bit closer in size to the desired final diameter,
minimizing the reaming allowance.
• Uneven Reaming:
o Problem:
o The reamer may not remove material uniformly, resulting in
an out-of-round or tapered hole.
o Solution:
o Ensure the drilled hole is centered and straight. Check for
runout in the reamer or drill chuck. Consider using a floating
reamer holder for better alignment, especially if the hole
location varies slightly.
• Chatter and Poor Surface Finish:
o Problem:
o Chatter marks and a rough surface can occur due to a dull
reamer, improper feed rate, or vibration.
o Solution:
o Sharpen the reamer or use a new one. Adjust the feed rate for
a smoother cut. Improve machine tool rigidity and ensure all
connections are secure.
• Chip Removal Issues:
o Problem:
o Chips can clog the flutes, hindering chip evacuation and
potentially damaging the reamer or hole.
o Solution:
o Use a reamer with the appropriate flute design (e.g., spiral
flutes for blind holes). Use a cutting fluid to aid chip
lubrication and removal. Adjust the feed rate and cutting
speed for optimal chip formation.
• Reamer Wear and Breakage:
o Problem:
o Reamer teeth can wear excessively or even break due to
improper use, excessive cutting forces, or machining hard
materials.
o Solution:
o Choose the correct reamer material for the workpiece
material. Use the recommended cutting speed and feed rate
for your application. Avoid excessive reaming allowances.
Regularly inspect and sharpen the reamer to maintain its
cutting efficiency.
References:
o edX. (2024, April). Reaming. edX Inc. https://www.edx.org/
o National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP). (n.d.).
Machining Knowledge Base - Reaming.
https://www.nist.gov/mep/mep-national-network
o Sandvik Coromant. (n.d.). Reaming.
https://www.sandvik.coromant.com/
o https://waykenrm.com/blogs/types-of-reamers/#Exploring-
