Chapter 3 DEAD LOADS, SOIL LOADS, AND HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE 3.1 DEAD LOADS. 3.1.1 Definition. Dead loads consist of the weight of all ma- tetils of construction incorporated into the building including, bat not limited to, walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built. in partitions, finishes, cladding, and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items, and fixed service equipment including the weight of cranes. 3.1.2 Weights of Materials and Constructions. In determining dead loads for purposes of design, the actual weights of mater als and constructions shall be used provided that in the absence of definite information, values approved by the authority having Jurisdiction shal be used, 3.1.3 Weight of Fixed Service Equipment, In determining dead loads for purposes of design, the weight of fixed service equip- ‘ment, such as plumbing stacks and risers, electrical feeders, and heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems shall be included, 3.2. SOIL LOADS AND HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE 32.1 Lateral Pressures. Inthe design of structures below grade, Provision shall be made forthe lateral pressure of adjacent soil. If Sol loads are not given in a soil investigation report approved by the authority having jurisdiction, then the soil loads specified in ‘Table 3-1 shall be used as the minimum design lateral loads, Due allowance shall be made for possible surcharge from fixed or mov- ing loads. When a portion or the whole of the adjacent soil is below a free-water surface, computations shall be based upon the weight 6f the soil diminished by buoyancy, plus full hydrostatic pressure. ‘The lateral pressure shall be increased if soils with expansion ‘potential are present atthe site as determined by a geotechnical investigation 3.2.2 Uplift on Floors and Foundations. In the design of base- ‘ment floors and similar approximately horizontal elements below grade, the upward pressure of water, where applicable, shall be taken as the full hydrostatic pressure applied over the entire area, The hydrostatic load shall be measured from the underside of the construction. Any other upward loads shall be ineluded in the design, Where expansive soils are present under foundations or slabs- ‘on-ground, the foundations, slabs, and other components shall be designed to tolerate the movement or resist the upward loads caused by the expansive sols, or the expansive soil shall be re- ‘ioved oF stabilized around and beneath the structure. ‘TABLE 3-1 DESIGN LATERAL SOIL LOAD. [ern a eal ‘Usiied a | — Deg aa Sa Cae? —] Clsatcaton | patprtoctot depth tn pe meter fp ‘Well-graded, clean gravels gravel nd mises aw 3550" Poorly graded clean gravels gravel sand mixes or. 3515 507 [Sit ervels,pooy graded gravel-sand mines ont 35.5307 (Clayey gravels poorly graded graveLand-lay mixer oc 457.075 ‘Well graded clean sands gravelly-sand mixes sw) 355.0% | Poorly rade lean sands sapd-gravel mines ° 35 (5307 ‘Silty sands poorly graded sand mixes SM S707 | Sands clay mix with plastic ies SMsC assay" ‘Cayey sands, poorly graded sand-lay mies SC 85 (13.577 Torgani sits and elayey sls Mt 85 (3357 | "Mixture of inorganie ih and lay MLE 8513357) Inorganic lays of tow o medium plasticity cl 100 18.71) Organic sits and it 55.74 m? ASCE 7-05‘where A, = tributary area in f° (m?) supported by any structural ‘member and 1 for F<4 12-005F ford< F< 12 06 for F > 12 ‘where, fora pitched roof, F 1umber of inches of rise per foot (ia SE: F = 0.12 x slope, with slope expressed in percentage points) and, foran arch or dome, F = rse-to-span ratio multiplied by 32 49.2 Special Purpose Roofs. Roofs that have an occupancy function, such as roof gardens, assembly purposes, of othet special purposes are permitted’ to have their uniformly dis. tributed live load reduced in accordance with the requirements of Section 4.8, 4.10 CRANE LOADS ‘The crane live load shall be the rated capacity ofthe crane, De- sign loads for the runway beams, including connections and sup- [port brackets, of moving bridge cranes and monorail cranes shall include the maximum whee! loads of the crane and the vertical im- Pct, lateral, and longitudinal forces induced by the moving crane. 4.10.1 Maximum Wheel Load. The maximum wheel loads shall be the wheel loads produced by the weight of the bridge, ‘sapplicable, plus the sum of the rated capacity and the weight of the trolley withthe trolley positioned on its runway at the location ‘where the resulting load effect is maximum, 4.10.2 Vertical Impact Force. The maximum wheel loads ofthe ‘rane shall be increased by the percentages shown in he following {ext to determine the induced vertical impact or vibration force: “Monorail cranes (powered) 25 Cab-operated or remotely operated bridge cranes 25 (powered) Pendant-operated bridge cranes (powered) 0 Bridge cranes or monorail cranes with hand-geared bridge, trolley, and hoist Minimum Design Losds for Buildings and Other Structures 4.10.3 Lateral Force. The lateral force on crane runway beams ‘with electrically powered trolleys shall be calculated as 20 percent of the sum of the rated capacity of the crane and the weight ofthe hoist and trolley. The lateral force shall be assumed o at horizon. tally atthe traction surface of a runway beam, in either direction, perpendicular to the beam, and shall be distributed with due re- gard to the lateral stiffness ofthe runway beam and supporting structure, 4.10.4 Longitudinal Force. The longitudinal force on crane run- way beams, except for bridge cranes with hand-geared bridges, shall be calculated as 10 percent of the maximum wheel loads of the crane. The longitudinal force shall be assumed to act horizon- tally atthe traction surface of a runway beam in either direction, Parallel tothe bear, 4.11 CONSENSUS STANDARDS AND OTHER REFERENCED DOCUMENTS: ‘This section lists the consensus standards and other documents which are adopted by reference within this chapter: ANSI ‘American National Standards Institute 25 West 43rd Street, 4 Floor New York, NY 10036 ANSI AI7.2 Section 4.7.1 ‘American National Standard Practice for the Inspection of Elevators, Escalators, and Moving ‘Walks (Inspectors’ Manual, 1988, ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ‘Three Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5900 ANSUASME A17.1 Section 4.7.1 ‘American National Standard Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, 1993, "TABLE 4-1 MINIMUM UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LIVE LOADS, Z, AND MINIMUM CONCENTRATED LIVE LOADS. [esperar Taare ne ‘ pat ou) eo | ‘Aparnens (ee Residential) ‘Aces floor systems ‘Ofice we 024) 2000189) Computer se . 100 (479) 2.000189) “movies and looms - 150 (7.18) _| “Assembly areas and teats Tred seats fastened 1000) os | Lobbies 100,479) Movable sats 100 478) Plavorms (assembly) 40 (479) Stage fers 1501718) ‘Balcones (exten) 100 479) ‘none andtvo-furily residences onl, and not exceading 100 (9.3 m2) aan), Bowling alleys, polrooms, and sila recreational areas 7583) Catwalk for mintenance acess 30092) OTS, Conidors rt oe 10 (4.79) Other foors, same as occupancy served excep as indicated ‘ase alls und baooms _ we ‘Desk (patio and roo) Same a are served, o foe the type of oecupancy accommodated ining rooms and resturants T0079) | Dwellings (see Residenad ~ _ levator machine room grating (on aea of $n [2.580 aD, 300033), Finish igh loo plate construction 2001089) Conarea of 1 [645 ram}) 7 Fire exapes 100,479) ‘On single-family dvelings only 140(1.9) _| Fed ladders - - ‘See Section 4 ‘Garages (passenger vehicles oa) aocsye | ack and ses ‘Grandstand (Se Stadiums and arenas, Bleachers | ‘Gymnasiums Hoors and balconies 00 797 [Hanae oars, nd grab bars ‘SeeSoction 4 Hospitals ‘Gpertng rooms, laboratories esp 1000 445) Patient rooms S93, ogo (443) Coron above fst Boor S08) ono (488) Tels (se Resident) ~ Tibraries Reading rooms ons Stack rooms 1300.18)" _Comidos above fist lor 8088) Manofctrng Tight 128 600) 2,000(8.90) Hew _ 280019), 31000(13.40) Margie _ 75639) _| ‘fice Buildings ie and compoter rooms shal bo designed fr heavier loads used on anivpated occupancy Lotbies snd ft foor codons 100 (4.79) 2,0 (8.90) Orices 040) 2.00890) |___ Comore above first oor mG) 2.000890) Penal nsiations| Cell bloke 401.92) Condor 100479) Resident ‘ivellings (one andrwo-faiy) ‘Unidad ats without storage woos | Uninhabtbte ats with storage 201098) Habvable sts and sleping aes ous, Allotir areas excep str snd Balconies 401132) Hojel nd muliamily houses rivate rooms and coir serving them aos) bic rooms and condor serving them 100.479) Reviewing stands, grandstands, and Bleachers 100 4.79 | 2 ASCE 7.05,