Methods of Differentiation en nH TRH NMNNRNRNNRRMMNN a | Review of Key Notes and Formulae f 1. Differentiation The rate of change of quantity ¥ with respect to another quantity x is called the derivative or differential coefficient of ‘y’ with respect to ‘x’. The process of finding derivative ofa function is called differentiation, 3, Derivatives of Standard Functions cl d — (F@) (x) < fe x SOD Fe) £ (5) x" nxn eR secx seex tan x,x# (2n+1) 2 cosec x — cosecx cotx;x#nTt “aeR ; , logsae cot x —cosec?x, x #nt a @* log,a;a>0,a#1 sin! x 13x50 cos x logx x’ I 1 3x20 tan“! x 8* xlog.a sinx cos x sec! x E _;|x|>1 cos x —sinx cosec"! x ——1I |x| yx?-1 tan x sec? x; Tt hie » x#Qn+)>,nel cor ape4 TM ETELETE o Ry SUK AUN) = KALA) where K is constant Rules for Differentiation d d d . (Ot -— —(g RI FOIL ROO) ay LON) # Fe (@09) d R-3) Product Rules © (/(x)- g(x) = f(x) (pt d a Poa ae LO) (8) * 8) (ey a(x) 4 rat (R-4) Quotient Rue : {23} EO gg LO)- LO) (als) RS) ChainRute: “{8) (sy fy is a function of u, w is a function of v and v is a function Then this impties ots, Dd, ti he dx du _dv_ dx (R-6) Parametric differentiation If x=P(), »y=Q (0, where ‘’’ is parameter then, dy d ay aa) 20 a dt (R-7) _ Differentiation of one function w.r-t. other function d d(f@)) _ de (Fo) _f£@ d(g(@) = (em) #9 (R-8) Logarithmic differentiation : It is applicable if Allare functions of ‘x’ ——> @ y= fi fe-fe~-tn (product, divide or power form) Gi) y= Fe) * Take log to both sides and then differentiate. (R-9) Successive differentiation : 2 Differential coefficient of » > 4(2)-4 dx dx\dx} dx’ 2 2 3 Differential coefficient of “2 = ofp) a? dx\ de?) dx 4 Similarly we can proceed for higher orders of differential coeffic!(R-10) Differentiation If required, we can reduce the given function ina simple form using, trigonometrical substitutions. Function Substitution Function ‘Substitution in @/a cos 0 “= x=asin@/acos = {cos20/atan0 (@ fa? -x* OR at x= a,fcos20/atan®0 =atan@/ tO =atan20 ji) feta? |*~% gc CO eee aaa (iii) V* 2a? | x=asec0/acosec 0 (vii) za x=asin20 la-x i x=acos 20 @) at+x TIPS AND TRICKS: (T-1 Short trick to solve differentiation of the form: ab 4 (afedet) eal dclef(x)+d) (cf(x)+d) Illustration 1 3logx +8 fi a. If y= ' >” TTlog.x +9 @ Short-cut solution : 27 + 56) Unga] & cheers dx (-Tlog,x +9)"enn Miuntration 2 24208 hen find { ‘ Wy cosas (-15 - 2)(- __+17sinx _ (cosx-5)) (Cosx—5)* = LWP ea eae Short trick on Derivative of Implicit Function If£/(, ») = 0 is a implicit function then, Z Gf. it w.r. to x andkeeping ‘y’ constant ae Sait it wr toy and keeping “e eonadat Illustration 3 _ Find ae if, 3 +3 + 2xy + siny—100=0 @D Short-cut solution : ~(3x2 2 (oma &_—0x'0+29+0) —(x* +29) dx 0+3y?+2x+cosy 3y? +2x+c08y Illustration 4 4, d) Find ae if, cos (xy) -293 + 5y=0 @ Short-cut solution : & =Csingy)- y+ 40 de —sin(xy)-x— 335? 45 &__ ysinxy+y3 de —xsinxy- 3xy? +5 >Methods 6f Differentiation find differentiation of the form: jek 1° Aa x {3 51" + tous (109)- 4°09} qr! ar) (yon) x port cut so ors *x1+log.x (cos o-# dx poo stration Se ay if y= ee) \, find oe -cut solution = is (secx tanx) + log, (secx)-e* (ne) (secx)* plustration 7 HI xyP98, find & If y= (in G short-cut solution : Ormrs x x + = & 5 & o a 3 & oe D _ inr! yt] de Differentiation of the form: It y= Vfeo+ff@+ Vf) +... then, & LoMustration 8 st, ive fin? wt asin? x4 sin? ct @ Short-cut solution : . 2sin.x osx _ and 2 vthen find Mlustration 9 dy If y= log? x + log? x + ylog? x +...00 ; then find Fe @ Short-cut solution : 1 2 dy_Clog.x)— = (log.*) (Ging or a LTPP Infinite series differentiation i (79) > dy Pion GG) ¥=(S(a) 2 uae F@){I-ylog, (F@)} Illustration 10 If y= x" then find & Ix @ Short-cut solution : 2 Using T-5) ae xi dx x{I- ylog,x} Illustration 11 If y= (sin x)... then fing & dx Gsroreut Solution : dy » xcosx dx sinx {I~ ylog, sin x} Using— «then find 2 ae (2 f@=% rick on nt order derivative: Jo find ™ derivative of f(x) = (ax + 5)" r(x) =a" -P.(ax+b)"" ii) Ifn< rf'@)=0 7, then find f'° (x) f'9 (x) = 2! (Pg) x12 19-0 = fi (x) =210- Pig x° Iustration 14 If f(x) =2’, then value of [AIEEE 2003] £0 ,fM0 LO, eye r"o = 0-7 2! 3! n! GYsnon-cut solution : 1-2, 2@=0)_ a@=)@—2) -)" Al +..+(-D SD "Cy—"C, + "C,—"C, +... + CD)" "CG, =) .MMNNAUthentle ShorteuteTipalseTicks In MathemotlceRaig, TIPS AND TRICKS: Use substitution method to reduce the ealeutations ‘ant = 0, 12 cons! . Assume f(x) a function in simplest form oF pul ee simplification. =f(-land, Tilustration 15 ofsecond degree: irs) = SC yand ab, Let f(x) be a polynomial function of 7 care in A.D. then pay. fb) and fe) are pw @) AP (b) GP () AGI Qsroren solution: [Using 3] 2 =2r o [Using T-8 Let f@er > SO * Now, f(a) = 2a, (0) = 2b and f'(c) = 2¢ Hence, are in AP. Illustration 16 ’ 52 (0 + 8) +2 sin @ sin 5 cos (0+ 5), then —— is If y=sin? @ + co: sin? (0+8) (b) ‘cos(0+38) (©) 0 (d) none of these cosO PBDsrorcst solution : (a) Let 8=0 = y=sin?O+costO=1 => hx = #¥ 25 dx Here check the options (a), (b), (c), (d) for § = 0. Ans. () SHORTCUTS: (SC-1) Let f (x) be a polynomial and x = a be ‘r’ ti Peat a be ‘ry’ times repeated root of S(G) =f") =f") = 0.2... =f (a) = 0 * Note: Reverse is also true.Re & Short-cut solution ; [UanESTa] IW S(x) hag Wo times SfQ)- (a)? g ree ss (SC. =) Denvative of inverse of a function Let g (1) be the inverse of f(y) = 1(g()) or Re u S(g8@))-8'Q)=1 quustration 18 If f@)= er t+ Gsnore-cut solution : Using SC-2 y 8'SO)-F') <1 and g(x)=/1@y, then find g’ (e) Letg(f@)=x = BSC) “S')=1 Put x=1; g(f(1))-f)=1 1 =80)= os Ce F@) =e) Ilustration 19 | If the function f(x) = x? + e”? and g (x) = "1 (x) then the value of 2'(1) is [AIEEE 2009] Bsron-cut solution : UsingSC-2] Let g(f(@))=x = F(S@))-S@=1 Now, Putx=0 => g'(1)-/"(0)=1 = g(I)=2 (-r@=4)TECHNIQUE To find the derivative of the product of finite number of functions, ro FAD 2,0) 2.0) 2,00..2,01) Take log on both sides log FO) > Jogle,() + 2,00...2,00] og FY = log gy(0) + log g(x) +. + log, (x) el) er()) e'n(t) 82(x) n(x) 4 fin al n(x) Mllustration 20 EA) = (e+ IE + OX + 3)...Qx + n), then find f'(0). @ Short-cut solution : Using Tech: Pedeso foe | XL x+20 x43 °°" Yan -FO=F(0 [3 tthe. 4] (2 dall Fete] n 11 1 =mligsgty yt | 273 +4] Illustration 21 I S@)=(+y G42 10 (+310 » then find f“(x), PDsroreeur Solution ; S'®) = fale 1x 2x x? ——— 28472 3442 2 70+)aseration td Vi-2x? (2x +3)? i f= G42 Orn solution : gi a SO)= BR , then find /"(0) 12) 1, 2 2 2 f'@)= 10) pO ata Poe | put, *=0 1/2 o+tj-—t 2 fO= 7A *3]” PAs?athematice)y Ry ) aanithentic SHurteutacTipe Be cTHreus 1M N42 hen s7(0) is equal to -5 1 WSO > Fein +N ore 0 (c)- 1 (d) (a) 1 (b) 0 ly 2. Wf xe =y + sin? x, then atx = 0, ae is equal to (a) 0 (o) 1 (2 (@) -1 3. If fW=x + then (J) is equal to (a) 0 (b) -1 @1 (d) 2 [=a ay) | 4. If y= eat afrt fert.-c0 then a is equal to @o () -1 ©! @2 5 xe wyel7, then find . x= (ey , then find 7, 2 2 . — ad) © me Om Oe ea sthen find & dy 2xy 5 3 @ = © y @ . x 2y-x ye 7. If fe) =3x!t + 52% the find f° (x) (10" order derivative) (a) 3° "P,, (3x) (b) 3" P,, Bx) (c) 3! "P,, Bx) (@ 3° "P,, xy? Bee a 5 2 dx aps wo yi-x? Vie 2 Vit? ¢ 9. If y=(x? + 1) e* cos x, then find 2] dx Ira0 (a) 2 (b) -2 (©) 3 @-3re aera 1 + then g’Cey is equal fo +x seo i the inverse of a finetion Fand /°¢r) 0. ' s $ (b) 5x4 ©) ——; (d) 1+ {g(oi tes Ie (g0o)° yxy bea polynomial which has x = a be four times repeated roots then I Pea js equal to f ain (b) 0 ; 2 (d) Insufficient information te js a function of x and log (x + y) = 2xy, then the value of y/(O) is equal to Pat @) -1 (©) 2 (@ 0 ye E ‘do1 — SF oe— mt; fing LOOD pf f@= ue ") fly (a) 5051 (b) 5050 (©) 4050 (d) 4051 2 x dy x" —+...+—, then — is equal to 3! n! dx x wit ye ltxtay x" xt x @y fs ae Oy @ y-1--F 15. 4 [sin” x-cos (nx)] is equal to aa (b) 2 sin"~! x cos nx (a) nsin"“! x cos (n + 1) x (d@) nsin"“ x sin (n + 1) x (c) nsin"“! x cos (2 — 1) x NUMERICAL VALUE PROBLEMS Es 16. If y= yeos?x+ Joos? x + feos? x+.....00 then find 2] ax Jr-0 2] 17. If y= er a y= (cos x)", then find a Ix=0| ‘Adi hertle"SWOrLCATRT pin RETHICHS I MALH@MIAUER I, Solutions 1.q) [UsngT roy = S29 goat +24 —_— Qsin@? +)-57 => fo)=0 2b) [Using T-2] + f(x,y) = xe ~y- sin? x xe? -1 = S)= == 3.) Using] = Sfw~=* 4.(b) [Using 4 Parson Now, put x=Oin the originaleqn => y= 0 4 Hence, 2), =-1 5.(a) [Using 5] This is similar to T-5 but in this dependent variable is ‘x’ and independent variable is ‘y’. eso) : 5 Tie ware aa Oe Get dye {I= xlog.e”} 6.(b) [UsingT-6] ~~ = f(x) =? fe i dx 2y-x? 2y-x? 7.(c) [Using T-7| Here, n=11, r=10 =f! (x) =3!9 MP, (3x)! +0a Lety SO) (oana Te om) [. 2x, 20?" sine Fi fog (Xa x a 10. 1 1 (: s= ae] 11.0) ona T=) Put te coe => pH cow eo 28 20 > ye 2oorls ay -20 dy wenees dxf} w4l 7% cose a= 04 1) ce" cosx a 28> Fea “I 1+ {e(x)}* ag@=1ts @}s If four times repeated roots then, LS) =f =F") =f") = 0 Y=l +y)-2 ne) Here, f(, ° log (x + y)—2xy (“¥yO@=D 13.) [Ceing ech] 100 108 (x= ny" (101 =n) = S2dol—n) £@)_ Fa) S (x— nyo) ial (x-n) F001) BP e559 Foon 73" 505 “(9 [UsingT=8] Put n=1 => y=1+x Now, BL, dx Here, check the options (a), (b), (c), (d) forn = 1 > yrx=ltx-x=1pMMAUthentie'Shortcuts-Tips | & Tricks 15. (a) 16. (0) 17. (0) Using 1-8] Put n=1 Now, check options (a), (b), (c), (@) fo" => cos2x UsingT4] -- f@)= dy _ 2cosx (= ae Bye we 20 | Now, “= (60 Using 1-3] Here, f@ aemmathematiesy = a (sin x cos ¥) = cos 2x dx : raal cos? x sinx) _ & 1 y= cosxand g @ae eesin.x) + log (C08) «| cosx