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CIE IGCSE Biology

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IGCSE Biology CIE Revision Notes

13. Excretion in Humans 13.1 Excretion in Humans
13.1.1 Excretion in Humans

13.1.1 Excretion in
Humans
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Excretion of Carbon Dioxide & Urea

Unlike plants, humans have organs which

are specialised for the removal of certain
excretory products
They include the lungs and kidneys
The liver also has a vital role in excretion

Organs involved in excretion

Excretion is the removal of the waste

substances of metabolic reactions (the
chemical reactions that take place
inside cells), toxic materials and
substances in excess of requirements
Carbon dioxide must be excreted as it
dissolves in water easily to form an acidic
solution which can lower the pH of cells
This can reduce the activity of enzymes
in the body which are essential for
controlling the rate of metabolic
reactions
For this reason, too much carbon dioxide
in the body is toxic
Urea is also toxic to the body in higher
concentrations and so must be excreted

•AORTA
VENACAVA&

ORENALARTERY
KIDNEY

RENALVEIN
KIDNEYREGULATESWATER
CONTENTANDFILTERSBLOOD

URETER°

URETERCARRIESURINEFROM
THEKIDNEYSTOTHEBLADDER
BLADDER

URETHRA

Copyright©SaveMyExams.AllRightsR

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The urinary system in humans

Main structures involved:

Exam Tip
Note the di"erence between the ‘ureter’ and
the ‘urethra’. These two names are
commonly confused by students so take
care to learn them and know which tube is
which – they are NOT interchangeable!

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1. Characteristics & Classification of…

2. Organisation of the Organism

3. Movement into & out of Cells

4. Biological Molecules

5. Enzymes

6. Plant Nutrition

7. Human Nutrition

8. Transport in Plants

9. Transport in Animals

10. Diseases & Immunity

11. Gas Exchange in Humans

12. Respiration

13. Excretion in Humans

13.1 Excretion in Humans

13.1.1 Excretion in Humans

13.1.2 The Kidney

13.1.3 The Role of the Liver in Excretion

14. Coordination & Response

15. Drugs

16. Reproduction

17. Inheritance

18. Variation & Selection

19. Organisms & Their Environment

20. Human Influences on Ecosystems

21. Biotechnology & Genetic Modifi…

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