Copyright reserved DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEE! CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. MATERIALS CIM 210 SEMESTER TEST 2 ‘TIME: 90 mins BEng (Chem) Ut 12 May 2017 3 Lorca ENGINEERING cu TOTAL: (93) Question 1 The expression for the total free 1 tor ‘energy chan, wea reotonS ee ing a AG = 4/3 ar AG, +4 ry (a) Using a well annotated dit i Sans gram, express the different components of the total free eneszy change given above indicating the position of the important parameters that influence the «) formation of a stable nucleus _ (b) Give a brief account of the growili6f erystals’in a liquid metal and formation of grain atu when solidif arried out in a metallic mould. ® (c) Using a practical example, briefly explain how nucleating agents influence the 6) eryslallisation process. (d) Compute the rate of some reaction that obeys Avrami kin‘ nand k have values of 3.2 and 7 10”, respectively, for time expressed it tics, assuming that the constants in seconds. (5) Avrami equation: y = 1 ~exp kt") {20} Question 2 (@) Name and give the full equations of the two main invariant points in the Fe-C phase © diagram. (b) For a2 kg sample of austenite having a composition of O45 awt% C is cooled to CR25°C Te 4€ — (What is the primary phase? @ ‘of the phase identified in (1) when the initial (ii) composition has been cooled to 725°C @) jase be? G) (ii) What will the mass of the primary phé cfiv)) What is the composition of the phase identified in (i) in the pearlite? Q) (c) Sketch the and clearly label the microstructures you would expect to form when a Fe- C alloy with 1.5 w.%% carbon is slowly cooled at points Band C. Whatis the broad term used to describe the sketches that you have drawn? 8) bon alloy is 0.102, On the (e))The mass faction of euteetoid cementite in an iran eae 7s it possible to determine The composition of the alloy? If possible, explain why. \ basis of this information, so, what is its composition? If this is not (8) ts a criterion for the number of phases that coexist ) The Gibbs phase rule represent librium and is expressed by the simple equation P+ F =C + within a system at equilTemperature (°C) wu 8 Composition (ot% CD (a) The lron-Carbon diagram can be broken down inte three classifications of ferrous alloys. (i) State the names of these classifications Q) (ii) Which of the alloys identified in (3) is used to manufacture manhole covers or potjie/three legged pots? QM (iii) What two main properties would you expect to get from a steel that contains a fairly high carbon content of 0.6-1.4% and more than 11% chromium? Explain what gives rise to these properties. ® (b) What is the difference between fatigue and creep? ” (c) State the type of failure and describe how it would come about when a of soldiers marchers across a bridge in -Oe ai bile tac els prefered in most applications and how it te) sees “@ Be sisi an, 1000%C: ee MI 104 at — ee If 1 Ko ht he action ey ey 75000 Sn cote Se Hint & u «= kertoo( Fr) Where R = 8.31 J/mol.K i) ‘The Charpy and Izod standardized tests are used to determine the impact energy of a given sample. () Briefly explain how this tests works and ow the impact energy is determined ©) (ii) This suspected that an alloy that is to be used to construct a ship experiences ductile to brittle transition. Based on your understanding of impact testing shown in (i), describe how you would use this test to confirm ‘if the transition does indeed occur Hint. Describe the experimental procedure that you would ee (36) determine the transition.