ee ey Leia e) ae EDUCATION Ne a eR Ky ESTIMATING GUIDE _ FOR ARCHITECTS p) > ©. © iW E cant L, HONG, ..fu w 9 Slq™ Fea content now | PR ONAL DEVELOP!Published by i oe PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT CENTER The United Architects of the Philippines ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS By Froilan L. Hong, FUAPCOPYRIGHT 1981 United Architects of the Philippines This document or parts thereof may not be reproduced without written permission from the United Architects of the Philippines, Inc, Published by the Professional Development Center {Ast Printing - July 1981 2nd Printing - October 1982 3rd Printing - December 1984 ‘4th Printing & Ist revision - August 1984 Sth Printing - August 1989 66th Printing & 2nd revision - September 1990 ‘7th Printing & 3rd revision - August 1991 ‘8th Printing & 4th revision - July 1997ACKNOWLEDGMENT ‘The author is deeply indebted to ARCH. ANGELITA MANGALINDAN, UAP, VP for Documentation of FLHONG Architects & Associates for this fourth and expanded revision. Additional materials have been added in this edition from the first revision we have done with ARCH. ESTHER T. SHERMAN, UAP.WHY ESTIMATE a a ison INTAODUETION Construction Gost Estimate is an approximate computation of the probable costs of 2 Project. The different people involved in the construction process make use of the Construction cost estimates for various purposes:. Cost estimates will help dictate the ‘Scope of work of the project during the Pre-design phase, Design phase, Bidding phase and Construction phase enabling the Owner and the Architect to come up with a realizable project The type of estimate to be prepared as well as the accuracy of an estimate depends upon the following © information availabie o time available ° Intended use of the estimate Estimates related to both the overall budget and to the preliminary allocations of budget to the various systems are periodically prepared. These cost estimates are successfully revised and refined as working drawings for each system are developed. Estimeting is the basis of financial control, planning and procurement of resources throughout the Project. An aucuralu estimate can aiso help the contrantor in a successful tender. ‘An accurate estimate is helpful in four key areas of activity: © Planning ° Financing © Tendering © Gonstructing * PLANNING : Planning a contract includes studying the project resources such as cash, labour, materials and equipment. The project duration, project cost are determined based on the results of the estimate. Planning facilitates: © timely ordering of project resources © project controi ‘© preparation of cash flow analysis * FINANCING: There are soveral outside sources that contractors can use to help with its cash management aside irom their working capital, The principal source is the bank oan or bankdratt. Whon proparing ioan request, an estimate of the ‘financial fequirements at the different stages of the project shall be submitted to the insttutisn lending the roney. ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS. p.tINTRODUCTION ‘« TENDERING: Contractors compete to be awarded the contract. The more accurate the estimate, the better the contractor's chances of winning the contract and executing it socesstully. A good tender sum is the lowest possible and stil allows the project to be executed with a reasonable profit margin. The tender sum consist of the following components: Example: Proposal for the provision and installation of a Dry Ceiling System ————-~ Matra Cost = PAs0,000 00 {Dirac Cost {OCH Labor Gost 135,000.00 (SS Costof Equipment =~ _5,000.00 Total Direct Cost (DC) 500,000.00 Tndirect Cant ((G}|—— Overhead (5% of Dc) = 29,500.00 Profit(15% af0¢) = ~—-88.500,00 Total indirect Cost (16) 146,000.00 Total DC & IC 708,000.00 > Taxes i VAT (6% of DC +IC) = 42,480.00 TENDERSUM == 750,480.00 © CONSTRUCTING : During construction the contractor's target is to follow the project cost and project duration. This means controlling and programming the expenditures as well as the physical progress of work. The estimates on materials, labor and equipment are regularly monitored and compared to the original cost.. Expenditures and incoming payments are compared with those predicted in the cash flow analysis, which was also based in data from the estimating stage. ~~ ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p.2— —_ __ESTIMATING METHOD. '* Do not round-off quantities until the final summary, Ss GENERAL + Mark drawings vith diferent colors as items are taken oft ESTIMATING ‘+ Keep similar items together, different items separate, ‘* Identify location and drawing numbers to aid in future checking for completeness, GUIDELINES id Fs ‘+ Measure or list everything on the drawings or mentioned inthe specifications. * Use indicated dimensions rather than cimensions measured off rectly from drawings. ‘+ It may be necessary to list items not called for to. make the job complete. ‘+ Be alert for notes on plans such as © notto scale © changes in scale throughout the drawings: © reduced size drawings ‘© discrepancies between the specications and the drawings. Develop a consistent pattern ot performing an estimate, for example: © Start the quantity take-off at the lower floor and move to the next higher floor. © Proceed from the main section of the building to the wings, ‘© Proceed from south to north or vice versa, clockwise, or counterclockwise, © Take-off floor quantities frst, elevations next, then detail drawings. + Ust all gross dimensions that can be elther used again for different quantities, or used 8 a rough check of other quantities for verification (exterior perimeter, gross floor area, individual oor areas, etc.) + Utlize design symmetry or repetition (repetitive floors, repetitive wings, symmetrical design around the centerline, similar room, lay-outs, etc.) NOTE: Extreme caution is needed here so as not to omit or duplicate an area, + Do not convert until the final total is obtained. For instance, when estimating reinforcing bars, take off itemized units according to bar size, then summarize and ‘convert to kilos or tons. * When figuring alternates, itis best to total all items involved in the basic system, then total all items involved in the alternates. Thus you work with positive numbers in all cases. When adds and deducts are used, it is often confusing whether to add or Subtract a portion of an iter, especially on a complicated or involved alternate. ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS. p.3Estimatin MethodscosT ESTIMATING STAGES ESTIMATING METHODS Patt ‘The method of cost estimating varies withthe stage of development of the project. » BUDGETARY ESTIMATE This estimate is prepared in response to a demonstraled need, ‘Accordingly, it should best be related to square meter to be built, aumber of people to be served, Lnits to be reproduced, of functions to be accomplished. The best source is prior experience The Architect must build up his own data trom every project that he builds aside from what is available in the industry, ‘SCHEMATIC DESIGN ESTIMATE Ai the schematic and design phase the spatial design has been commited to a plan and few elevations. There should be a site pan available Toa farge degree, this phase liizes squae-meter costs, but parametiic and maduiar costs can become much more practical. It is also possible to segregate certain areas and provide detailed cost-beakdown analyses, © DESIGN DEVELOPMENT ESTIMATE The design development estimate is based upon Arawings which aro an evolution ofthe echematie design drawings. They are often a full size larger and therefore accurate quanity take-off is possible. The spatial solution forthe buildings hhas been completed, and so the architectural and structural take-oif is substantially accurate, At this stage, the mechanical, eletrical, heating and ventilating systems, ae just coming into tosis. The estimating approach is usually combined, since quantity take-off is possible only for architectural and structural and parametric or square-meler costs must be used for the ‘mechanical and electrical systems, ‘¢ CONTRACT DOCUMENTS ESTIMATE At this stage of project development, a ‘tremendous amount of detail work is in progress. Estimates can be made onquantitytake-off basis for al the areas, The designer wil be doing a quantity survey type estimaie, but once the ‘drawings and specifications have been released to the contractors, one ofthe principal methods (of developing a cost bid is to solicitfirm price quotations from sub-contractors or suppliers, * CONSTRUCTION AND BIDDING ESTIMATE Estimates during the construction are based on realty. The actual cost af work in place can be used as a guideline in estimating extra work or changes in scope. Quantity survey methods are used by contractors in estimating the projected savings in scope which would result from accepted value- incentive programs.ESTIMATING METHODS Part 1.0 ESTIMATING Ealimaling the cost of a project, ora portion of a projec is basicaly a two-step process: METHODS ‘© Defining the project component to which cost can be applied. Example: mS No. of units Unit Wood Doors (2.10 x0.80) 2 eer 7° equn. © Assigning unit cost in order to arrive at a component cost. Example: Wood Doors (2102080) P4500 P9000 P1350 P2700 — PT\70000 reo Pyg00 2400 _F.4e000 P2080 Estimating procedures vary considerably from industry to industry and many special approaches have been developed. The following is not all-inclusive but does not describe the basic well-known approaches. ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS. p.5ESTIMATING BY Te tacltytobe designed or consructed ic defined in terms of ts capac to serve USER UNITS METHODS cost per bed cost per bed f Cost per student population See ccost per parking space PARKING STRUCTURE In some cases, a using agency which builds the same types of structure many times has well-developed historical file on cost and use requirements. An estimate developed on this type of data can be quite ancurate Example: To come up with a ballpark estimate of a hotel, use a historical data of 100,000 per bed or for a hospital, use P200,000/ bed. "ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p. 6ESTIMATING METH ses = JETHODS Part 1.0 TABLE 1.0 UNIT GROSS REQUIREMENTS ‘The figures in the table below indicate typical ranges in square meters as a function of the user unit. This table is best used in the budgetary and schematic design phases to help determine the size requirement for the total project. ‘Auditorium & Play Theaters Seat 2.30 Apartments Unit 80,00 Bowling Alleys. Lane 87.00 Churches Seat 2.60 Dormitories Bed 20.00 Garages, Parking car 38,00 Housing, Public Hi-Rise Unit 75.00 Hospitals Bed 79.00 Hotels Ft. Unit 56.00 ‘Motels At. Unit 43.00 Restaurants Seat 92.50 Schools, Elementary Pupil 7.00 High School Student 11.00 College ‘Student 11.00 Vocational ‘Student 12.80 ‘Shooting Ranges Point 41.80 ‘Theaters and Movies Seat 1.40 ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS: p. 7= ee : ESTIMATING METHODS Pari . ‘+ Square meter costs are found by multiplying the area of space times a cost factor. ESTIMATING BY The cost factor is usually available from the historical cost file of past projects. This SQUARE METER is the method commonly used by Architects. METHOD 64.00 Sam. x 1.0 (Fig. 1 EBA) x P10,000/ &q.m. =P 576,000.00 © Space Factor to be used in Estimating by Area : In order to arrive at an accurate ‘cost per square meter of a building spaces and its appendages should be converted into their equivalent values in relation to the predominant enclosed space. ‘The United Architects of the Philippines presents herewith the various factors that ‘should be used in converting building spaces to their equivalent enclosed building area (FRA) ‘Typical Floor (Fully enclosed space) Auditorium Balcony Canopy Entrance Lobty and Lofty Space Basement Onetitt Covered Area (partially walled space) Stairs Tollete Kitchenettes Media-Aguas ‘AHU Rome: Deck Terrace (with waterproofing) Interstitial space lese than 1.50 m more than 150 m Open Terrace (no roof) ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS. p. 8ESTIMATING METHODS Part fom ape Fae ean Interstitial Space (0.70) a Less than 1.50 (0.95) ‘More than 1.50 (0.50) ‘Main Auditorium (1.50) Typical Floor ‘Stair (1.25) (1.0) = oe Toilets (2.0) | ‘More than 1.00 M. = 0.40 (AHU (0.70) Media Aguia Less than 1.00 M. = 0.25 ‘Kitehen "Racial “ae Covered Area A (0.60) Lobby (1.50) Mechanical Space K (1.0) When using a uniform unit cost ( is necessary to apply a factor to correct the effect of under estimating or over estimating certain areas that have less or more features than the predominant space. The diagram above shows the corrective factors to be used for specific spaces. Example: Office Building - Unit Gost = P15,000 per Sq.m. General office space: 1005qm. x 1.0 x PI5,000 = P 1,500,000 Stair 20 sqm, x 1.25 x 15,000 375,000 Toilet 15eqm. x 2.0 x 15,000 = 450,000 AKU 12oqm. x .70 x 16,000 = 126,000 Total Gost PF 2,451,000 i ; ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p2ESTIMATING METHOD. Part 1.0 SIZE FACTOR ‘The Square Meter Size Factor for your project is determined by dividing your project area square meter by the typical project size for the particular building type. With this ‘actor, enter the Area Conversion Scale at the appropriate Size Factor and determine the ‘appropriate cost muttiplier for your building size, Example: Determine the cost per square meter for a 10,000 Sa.m. mid-rise apartment building . Proposed building area____= ___10,000 $a.m. 2.00 Typical size from (Table3) = 5,000 Sq.m. © Enter Area conversion scale at 2.0 intersect curve, read horizontally the appropriate ‘cost multiplier of 0.97. ‘© Size adjusted cost becomes 0.97 x coverage cost per square meter. (Table 2) Table 2: Area Conversion Size Factor 8 10 18 20 25 90 35 5S 10 15 20 25 30 35 ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS .10Table 3 ‘Square Meter Base Size and Cost ESTIMATING METHODS Part 1.0 [Apartment : Low rise 8,000] 9,509 200} 1,000- 3,500) (11 to 4 storeys) JApartment: Mid Rise 9.500] 11,000] 5,000} -3,000- 9.500) (Sto 15 storeys) JApartment: High Rise 12,000] 18,000 30,000] 9,000 60,000] (16 above) Auditorium 13,000] 16,000 2,500] a00- 3,600] Auto Sales 8,000] 10,000] 2,000} 1,000- 2,600} Banks 12,000] 15,000] 400] 250-700) iChurches 12,000] 15,000] 850 500- 1,260] [Clubs, Country 12,000] 16,500] 600] 400- 2,000] IChubs, Social 12,000] 16,500] 950 550- 1,260] Colleges (Class) 9,000} 10,000] 4,500] 2,200- 9,000] Colleges (Science Lab) 12,000} 15,000] 4,500] 1,600- 7,500) Colleges (Student Union)| 12,000} 13,000} 3,000] 1,500- 5,000 Community Center 10,000] 14,000] 00] 500- 1,500] iCourt Houses 12,000} 15,000] 3,000] 1,600- 10,000] Department Stores 13,000) 14,000] 8,500} 4,000- 11,000] Dormitories: Low Rise 8,000] 11,000} 2,500] 1,250- 3,600) (1 to4 storeys) Dormitories: Mid Rise 12,000} 15,000] 5,200] 3,500- 8,500] (5to 10 storeys) Factories 8,000] 10,000] 2,500} 1,200- 4,700) Fire Stations. 8,000} 10,000] 550] 370- 800) Funeral Homes 10,000} 14,000] 750] 400- 1,000] Parking Building 8,000 9.500] 15,000} 7,000- 20,000] Gymnasium 15,000] 16,500] 2,000] 1,000- 3,800] Hospitals 18,000; 22,000] 5,000} 2,600- 11,000] Jails 8,000] 10,000] 1,500 700- 2,500] Libraries 15,000] 16,500] __ 1,200] 650 -__ 2,600] “ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS: p.11= ESTIMATING METHODS Part 1.0 Medical Clinics 10,000] 15,000] 700] 400- 1,500] ' (Medical Offices 10,000} 15,000 560 400- 1,500} Motels 10,000} 13,000 2,500] 1,500- 5,000) |Oftices: Low Rise 9,000] 12,000] 00] 400- 1,800] | Offices: Mid Rise 10,000] 13,000) 4,800} «3,000 # 6,000} |Otfices: High Rise 12,000] 15,000] 25,000] 14,000 44,000) Police Stations 10,000] 11,000] 2,000} 400 # 1,800] Post Offices 12,000] 13,000] 3,000 600 # 3,000] [Power Plants 9,000] 9.500] i) 100 2,000] Refigious Buildings 10,000} 11,000] ct) 500 1,200} Research 16,000; 16,500] 1,800] © 600 «4,200) |Residential: Class A 12,000] 15,000] Class 8 10,000} 12,000] Class C 8,000] 9,500] Restaurants 15,000] 16,500] 500] 250 560) Retail Stores 9,000] 9,500] Too} = 400,700 [Schoots: Elementary 9,000) 9,500) 4,000] 2,300 # 5,000) High School 9,000) 11,000] 9.000] 5,000 # 14,000) Vocational 9,000] 11,000} 3,500) 2,000 7,700) [sports / Gym 10,000} . 13,000] 1,509] 500 # Supermarkets 10,000} 11,000), 2,000] 1,000 {Swimming Pools 7,000] 8,000} 1,200) 800 # [Telephone Exec. 10,000} 13,000 00] 200 [Terminals, Bus 9,000] 11,000] 1,000] 600 # [Theaters 16,000] 19,500] 1,000] 800 # Town Halts 10,000] 11,000] 1,000] 500 [Warehouses 7,000] 8,000} 2,600 750 # |Werehouse & Office 8,000] 11,000] _2,500]__750 Due to the almost timitless variation of building designs and combinations of ‘construction methods and materials, the “typical building” costs shown on these pages ‘must be used with discretion. ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p.12ESTIMATING GUIDE Part 1. CUBIC METER This approach is very similar to the square meter procedure except that the cubag Provides the basis for cost. The cubic meter method is normally used in earthwork, METHOD construction, and airconditioning. ‘There are two times when square meter and cubic meter costs are useful. The first is the schematic design stage when no details are available , when square meter costs a ‘cubic meter costs make a useful starting point. The second is after the bids are in the costs can be worked back into their appropriate units for information purposes. soon as details become available in the project design, the square meter or cubic mete approach should be discontinued and the project priced by its particular components. Excavation for Foundation: 105M (Total length) x 040m. (width) x 060m, (depth) = 25.20 cum. 2520 cum. x P276.00/cum. = 6930.00 ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARGHITEGTS p. 18ESTIMATING BY PARAMETRIC METHOD ESTIMATING BY MODULAR COSTS ESTIMATING METHODS Part 1.0 This procedure involved identifying the major scope of work which make-up the building and then applying costs to each system based upon historical data or examples of similar buildings, Example: Estimate of an Office Building : High Rise (P 20,000 sq.m.) Others (2.0%) Siteworks (2.5%) (P00) Mechanical (15%) (F900) (3.000) ‘Archivectural (36%) (74200) Electrical (15%) (3,000) Structural (29.50%) (P5,900) Ina situation in which the project is made up of repetitious modules such as housing units, apartments, hospital’ rooms or suites accurate cost is developed for one unit and extrapolated by the total number of units and their specific characteristics. Example: 14 units of Resort Houses @ 250,000 / House = F 3,500,000 ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHTECTS p. 14METHODS Part 1. oa -ESTIM, ‘The combined approach is used when the project is only partially defined. A detailed b COMBINED METHOD applied to the electrical, mechanical and plumbing sections of the building which are the ‘meter costs are used for undefined systems. Most usually, the square meter costs & last to be defined. Of materials type take-off is performed for those portions which are defined, and square Example: Gonstruction Cost of a 27.00 sq.m. single detached studio unit Detailed architectural and structural plans and specifications are available Only the basic requirements are known for the electrical and plumbing design ° ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p.15ESTIMATING METHODS Part 1.0 as 16,000} Mo G02. 202] on 2 208 878 | ow 208 16,480 L.Coment MD bags 105 HOW 82_ 40S 19,520 2.Sand 10 om 240 2a2g B18 | 3. Gravel 10 em 5503686 kya 4,702 4 Rebars: 1mm 2 pow. 6 13800 wate 1794 16m 40 poe. wo 7200 «8a 609,860 5. Mewireo 2 kao. 25 6 @ 20. 25; 6. Foemlumber 380 B® 6540 5 2052 8,892 17. Form plywood B pos. so 421008 trea A055 ve286 55.1 LatCHD 850 poe. 8 2760 2 85 aS 2etcHe ‘B10 pos. 6 3,060 2 98 3976 1. Cor Gi. inl framing accessories Bam 900500 OB BHO «24,050 Pr p68 588 $$ $< 1 Wood Doors (Hliow Core) 210m x 020m 2ecce 900 3000 450 © 9003.90 210" 0.60m iene 1000 1000 300, 3001200 2 Jalouse Windows “600mm 6OOrn nn 76 feoommsecom Sees 800 Goo 24018208 820 10,960 3205 W205 are T_T Vitrified Tes 8°x8" 685 pos. 2 wa 7 Be 2.Plain cement ffir, 24 om 0 3600 451080 4,680 3. Painted plan coment 4B om 2030402482 4.992 23/060 Zia 31044] 1 Rltehan Coumtar 2m 3500 8250 108015 2B a 7 7 % Sr RTE Sak SE Soe Contingencies (91) 6,783] Overhead (8) 8,733) Prot 10) 19.10] Vat (6%). sh 1,835} ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p. 16AT ee ESTIMATING METHODS Pi 1. This approach involves furnishing description of a portion of the project to a contractor of supplier specializing in that portion. The job is then costed In the form of a proposal to do the work. This approach can be used either before the project is awarded or i= developing costs for extra work. Example: An invitation to bid for the provision and installation of the door system for a= office building. Doors shall be hollow metal, 38mm thk , painted: duco finish. Include locksets . a. 10 sets of 2.10m. x 0.80 m. b 5 sets of 2.10 m. x0.90m October 04, 1995 Mr. Antonio Santos ‘ABC Trading Center Mekati, Metro Manila. |. METDOORS, INCORPORATED, proposes to furnish and install the items herein below for sum of ne the hundred thiety two. 151, IIL ARTICLES: 38 mm thk, Hollow Metal Doors with insulation, jambs and hinges. 10 sets of 2.10 m. x 0.80m. = P6,300,00 = P63,000.00 Ssets of 210m. x 070m. = 5,800.00 = 29,000.00 TOTAL 92,000.00 Installation Cost: 27,800.00 ‘Sub-Total 119,600.00 Overhead (5%) 5,980.00 Profit (15%) 17,940.00 143,520.00 VAT (6%) 11,00 TOTALCOST —P 181,931.00 ‘Should this meet with your approval, please indicate your acceptance by signing and returning Us one copy which will serve as our contract with you. Very truly yours, Mr. Juan de la Cruz President ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p.7DETAILED ESTIMATES BY QUANTITY TAKE-OFF METHOD This is the description of a complete take-off of all materials in the project. Unit prices are applied to each type of material and the results extended and summed up provide a total cost. This method is widely regarded as the most accurate in estimating. METHODS AND PROCEDURES ‘* Develop the construction estimate in three separate but interlocking parts: ° Take-off ° Pricing o — Sub-Bids ‘© Before starting to take-off the quantities for estimate, attend to some preliminary chores if the estimate is to go on with the minimum of difficulty. Prerequisite to estimate: © Complete set of Construction Drawings © Complete set of Technical Specifications ‘© Project Site Examination and Inventory Others Note : The more detailed these items are, the more accurate the estimates becomo. THE QUANTITY TAKE-OFF (QUANTITY SURVEY) ‘Every construction estimated is based on a quantity survey. This is the extraction from the drawings and specifications of all the labor and materials required for the structures. An estimator must be able to work accurately, quickly and methodically in preparing the quantity take-off. There are many “tricks of the trade” that will save time, reduce errors and improve accuracy; there are no shortouts , however, that can bbe taken at the expense of accuracy. ‘© Before starting to take-off the quantities, examine the drawings. Take a quick look through the entire set of drawings for an idea ofthe following: © layout, ype of building, © number of floors © general design © order ofthe drawings ‘This quick look takes only a few minutes, yet many little things will stick in your mind and save you time later. ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARGHITEGTS p.18There are three basic rules for taking off quantities: © Measure everything as it shows. Take-off quantities as it shows on the drawings, © Do the take-off on everything that you can see. Do not deliberately leave out anything. You will undoubtedly make mistakes, we all do, but in order to reduce the possibility of error and so minimize the risk inherent in any bid, do the take-off on all items you can see. ° IT it is different, keep it separate: Separate items that will require different unit prices (e.g. separate slabs on fill from suspended slabs), ORDER OF THE QUANTITY TAKE-OFF © Study the floor plan carefully. On the floor plans, number the spaces, moving Clockwise from the upper left hand corner. Designate each wall with a letter, also ‘moving in a clockwise direction. (Refer to Fig. 2) * Prepare a specification take-off, for each space, to summarize data from plans and Specifications. One sheet per space (Refer to Form 607-a) © Proceed with the take-off in definite pattern not only by trade but also item by item within each trade. Compute roof separately. Note: Excavation should not be taken off first. The suggested order of take-off is: © Concrete - Substructure ‘Superstructure : Finishes, ° Masonry - Exterior Interior o —— Garpentry : Rough ° Finishing Trades - ° — Extavation =~ Building Site © —_Sitework, Alternates and others © Refer to part II and part It! of this book for specific quantity take-off procedures. Jot down calculations on form 6078 or C. ‘* Summarize quantities on long pad. Recapitulate quantity take-off and enter in corresponding column in form 607 D. ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p.19REPAIR AND REMODELLING Le pethllos ae ING METHODS Part 1.6 ‘The costs for repair and remodelling work must be modified due to the following factors that may be present in any given repair and remodelling project. ‘¢ Equipment usage curtailment due to the physical limitations of the project, with oniy hand-operated equipment being used. ‘= Increased requirement for shoring and bracing to hold up the building while structural changes are being made and to allow for temporary storage of construction, ‘materials and above-grade floors. ‘© Material hanaling becomes more custly due to having to move within the confines an enclosed building. For multi-storey construction, low capacity elevators stairwells may be the only access to the upper floors. © Large amount of cutting and patching and attempting to match the existi construction is required. It is often more economical to remove entire walls than create many new door and window openings. This sort of trade-off has to carefully analyzed. ‘© Cost of protection of completed work is increased since the usual sequences construction usually cannot be accomplished. ‘© Economies of scale usually associated with new construction may not be present. ‘small quantities of components must be custom fabricated due to job requirem Unit costs will naturally increase, Also, if only small work areas are available at Given time, job scheduling between trades becomes difficult and sub-cor quotations may reflect the excessive start-up and shut down phases of the job. © Work may have to be done on other than normal shifts and may have to be around an existing production facility which has to stay in production during course of the repair and remodelling. © Dust and noise protection of adjoining non-construction areas can involve subs ‘special protection and alter usual construction methods. ‘« Job may be delayed due to unexpected conditions discovered during demolition Temoval. These delays ultimately increase construction costs. ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARGHITECTS p.eh... MISA, ____ESTIMATI THODS Part 1.0 «Piping and ductwork runs may not be as for new construction. Wiring may have to be snaked through walls and floors, ‘© Watching “existing construction” may be impossible because materials may no longer be manufactured. Substitutions may be expensive. ‘© Weather protection of existing structure requires addtional temporary structures to protect building at openings. ‘¢ On small projects, because of local conditions, it may be necessary to pay a tradesman for a minimum of four hours for task that is completed in one hour. Allof the above areas can contribute to increased costs for a repair and remodeling project. Each of the above factors should be considered in the planning, bidding and construction stage in order to minimize the increased costs associated with repair and remodelling jobs. ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p.22Applicable Estimating Methods for Schematic Design Phase Design Development Phase Part 2.0APPLICABLE ESTIMATING METHODS Part 2.0 ESTIMATING ‘+ Compute the total DEAD LOAD (DL) and LIVE LOAD (LL) per floor PILING Total DL + LL of one floor = Floor area (Sq.ft.) x 150 pst REQUIREMENTS + Total DL + LL of one floor = Total No. of Floors = Total DL + LL of building FOR BUILDING ‘Assume load bearing carried by one pile = 80 tons or 160,000 © Assume load bearing carried by one pile = 80 tons or 160,000 © Compute for Total No. of Piles (TNP): TNP = Total DL + LL of Building 160,000 ‘© Compute Gost of Piting No. of piles x unit cost (in place) = P Example: Compute the Cost of Piling of an 8 floor office building : 4 wee] Heer Sm a ; we ee TH FLooR 5TH_ FLOOR |_| Sp ee 1. 10,230 sq.ft. x 150 psf = 1,534,500 psf x 3 floors = 4,603,500 pst 2. 6,450.sq.ft. x 150 psf = 987,500 psf x Sfloors = 4,837,500 ost Total DL+LL = 9,441,000 pst 3. TNP= 9,441,000 = 59 piles 180,000APPLICABLE ESTIMATING METHODS Part 2.0 Column: 0.30 x 0.30 x 2.50 mts.= 0.225 cum. X__4columns 0.90 cum. x 120 Bf/cu.m. = 108 Bf 0.90 cum x 4 pcs. /cu.m.= 3.6 pes, or 4 pes. 1.60.cu.m. x 150 Bf /cu.m. 60.cu.m. x 3 pos. /cu.m. 240 Bt 4.8 pes or 5 pes. Nails: a) 4” GWNon Form Lumber Scaffoldings: 3.50 kgs. x 0.90 cum. = 3.15 kgs. b) 1-1/2 CWN on Form Plywood : (use 1/2" thk) 0.44 Kilo x 5 pcs. of plywood = 2.2 kilos ©) Labor for Formworks: 16.80 sqm. x 1.71 hrs./sq.m. = 28.73 hrs, or 3.59 days ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p. 5Reinforcing steel bars / one cu.m. of concrete GENERAL ESTIMATING GUIDE Footing 95 Klos FOR CONCRETE woRK Slab on Fill 40 kilos Golumns and Stairs 220 kilos Beams and RC slab 180 kilos RG walis «GL Wire, #16 ‘© Average of 3.0 meters / sq.m. o Totalkilos of steel bars = -—No. of Rolls of G.l. wires, 2,900 No. of intersections x 0.003 = ~~ ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS. p.PRELIMINARY ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR PLUMBING -_ APPLICABLE ESTIMATING METHODS Part 2.0. Procedure for BUILDING INSTALLATIONS Get total no. of fixtures outlets x unit cost / outlet 2. Add cost of fotures 3. Gost of Drainage and downspouts: Add 30% of item (1) 4, Cost of Underdrain ‘Add 25% of item (1 +243) 5. Contingencies: ‘Add 5% of items (1424344) 6: Contractor's Tax Add 3% of items (1+2+3+4) 7. Add lump sum cost of water connection Procedure for RESIDENTIAL INSTALLATIONS. 1. Got total no. of fiture outlets x unit cost / outlet 2. Add cost of fixtures 3. Gost of drainage and downspouts: Add 40% of item (1) 4, Contingencies: ‘Add 10% of items (1+2+3) 5. Contractor's Tax Add 3% of tems (1424344) 6. Add lump sum cost of water connection ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS. p. 27APPLICABLE ESTIMATING METHODS AIR CONDITIONING —* Compute for Tonnage of Refrigeration (TR) required UNITS AND SIZING © Get cu.ft. of space to be airconditioned by multiplying * OF AHU UNITS Length x Width x Height = Cust. © Get Total BTUh / cu.ft ) For ground floor and top floors: multiply cu.ft. x 12 BTUh/ cust. 'b) For in-between floors : multiply cust. x.10 BTUN/ cust. ©) Get Tonnage of Refrigeration (TR): Total B’ ft. = TR 12,000 © Compute for the size of the AHU units © Select AHU unit required for typical floors © Capacity AHU unlt_x 400GFM. = — Sq. of coll area ‘500 FPM ‘© Select from below the capacity of AHU units required. NOTE : Up to 40 TR depth of duct is 16” ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS. p.Detailed Quantity Survey Part 3.0ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR POWER CENTER 1. 2, Total area x .012 KVA = Total KVA 3. Compute cost of power center: APPLICABLE ESTIMATING METHODS Pi By the No. af Outlets 1. Get total number of convenience outlets x unit cost 2. Get total number of celing outlets x unit cost. Note: Switches are not counted 3, For Load Genters and Panel boards: Add 30% of (1 +2) 4, For Fotures: ‘Add 40% of (2) 5. For Wiring Devices: ‘Add 15% of (1 +2) 8. For Fire Alarm System: ‘Add 12% of (14.2) 7. For Telephone System: ‘Add 12% of (1 +2) 8 For Music and Paging System: Add 10% of (1 + 2) 9. Miscellaneous and Contingencies: Add 8% of (1 + 8) If floor plan has no electrical layout yet assume the following: Type of No. of Convenience Outlet No. of Gelling Outlet Building per Sq. m. per Sq. m. Find the total area of building in sq. ft. Power Center = Total KVA x Unit Cost ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS: p.DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 FOR FORMWORK, © FORMWORK NAILS, & FORM OIL ‘© Plywood (12.5mm thk) © Form lumber (60mm x 75mm). © Form lumber (50mm x 100mm) 2. A.C. Walls © Plywood (12.5mm x 100mm x 125mm) © Form lumber (60mm x 75mm) ‘© Form lumber (0mm x 100mm) 3. RAC, Stairs © Form lumber (60mm x 100mm) 050mm CW Nail ( No. of kegs) © 100mm CW Nail (No. of Kegs): © Form Olt © Liters of Oil 1. Reinforced concrete slab, beams, columas, and ramps Area in Sam, 2.97 Total area of Plywood x 60% Total area of Plywood x 150% ‘Area in Sa.m. 297 Total Area of Plywood x 60% Total Area of Plywood x 80% Total Area of Plywood x 145% 232.25 2,800 649.35 ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS. p. 30DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part3.0 CAST-IN-PLACE FACTORS FOR COMPUTING CONCRETE MIXTURES (per cu.m.) CONCRETE APORTION a a a M 4:46412:3 10.464 042 084 ASPL For Sail Water 1:2:8 9.478 ost 076 a 4:2:4 7.848 oe 0.84 8 1:2402:7 aaa as 087 c 1:3:6 5.492 0.44 0.89 0 1:3-42:7 1.203 0.48 ost CONCRETE UNIT HOLLOW BLOCKS laying per Square Meter (Class B) MASONRY —_—— ‘Shes. No. of Pes. ‘Cement Mortar Sand ! (40 Kgs. wee x10 12.50 0.19 014 orxenx ie" 12.50 031 024 rr" x te" 12.50 0.36 028 0.15 x0.15x0.45m 14,80 0. 013 ‘Waste Allowance: CHB allowance for breakage : 2% - 5% Mortar 10% - 15% ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS: p. 31DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 MASONRY MORTAR MORTAR MIXTURE Class Proportion Cement Sam e (40 kgjafvay) = fom} A 4:2 1841 0.93 8 13 43.75, 4.05, MORTAR FOR BLOCK LAYING /SQ.M. OF SURFACE MORTAR FOR BLOCK LAYING /$0.M. OF SURFACE ___——~—= “Thicknes: Class AA ClassA > Class BB sat 1a 12 1242 = “coment sand cement “sand cement sand _bemant < ae” 0.19029 O16 082 O14 0.350287 12” 026 «0.38 «0220.43 0.18 «0460.16 O47 a4” 0.39088 «0.32065 027 0.88 0.24 O.78 1 052 0.78 043 085 037 0.90 082 0.96 1A" gs 0.97 0531.07 0451.13 040 1.19 THR" 78 116 «(064 «128 085) 1.37) OAT 1.48 THA" 9901.36 074 1.80084) 1.88 056 1.69 24.08 1.55 085 LL 073 1.82 0.64 1.91 —— ‘Area in sq.m, multiplied by values corresponding thickness or amount of mortar MORTAR FILLER /SO.M. anne” o1e8 0288 0375 orx8" 0375 0563 075 axa" 0575 0875 1125 ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p. 32DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 PLASTERING ee z Class. Mixture Cement. A 1:2 9.0 9.0 1.0 B 13 60 6.0 1.0 c 14 45 45 1.0 PLASTER VOLUME PER SQUARE METER 47,6", 8" 0188 0375 ADOBE STONE ADOBE STONE LAYING ‘Stock Size Neat Pes. ‘Wail 15 pes. per sq.m. Cross Footing 6 pes. per meter tun Cross Footing 0.03040 0226 001880 Wall 02025 01935 001125 Buttress 04050 0270 002250 ADOBE PLASTER Ph ogee TSR Class A Class B (cum) One Face 0152 010125 .00085 Two Faces 0304 020250 00170 ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS. p. 33DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 CONCRETE STEEL BAR STANDARD, METRIC SIZE = REINFORCEMENT : Seti eat se 3 10 78.54 0.616 4 12 113.10 0.888 5 16 201.10 1.578 6 20 314.20 2.466 8 25 491.90 3.854 9 28 685.75 4.833 10 32 804,25 6.313 4 36 1017.90 7.99 CONCRETE SLAB REINFORCEMENT 100 (4") 3.35 0.218 4.150 0.459 127 (5") 2.842 0.175 3.440 0.389 150 (6”) 2.450 0.152 3.040 0.282 178 (7") 2.250 0.129 2.550 0.198 200 (8”) 2.083 0.113 2.350 0.132 228 (8") 1.884 0.102 2.020 0.105 254 (10") 1.762 0.085 1.820 0.83 ‘279 (11") 1.669. 0.80 1.710 0.0869 300_(12” 1.586 4 600 0.056 ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS. p.34DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 CHB REINFORCEMENT 400mm (16") 024 3.00 600mm (26") 0.1676 240 800mm. (32") of Hortzontat Bare (mm). Every 2 layers (400mm) 0.2195 274 Slayers (600mm) 0.1555 1.94 4 layers (800mm) 034i 1.68 Slayers _(1000mm) 0.1097, 137, SOLUTION #02 Kilogram of Rebars per 6” 10mms rebars @ every 3 layers bothways 1.64 12mm rebars @ 800mm vert. & 600mm hor. 2.90 4” 10mms rebars @ every 3 layers bothways 1.64 40mm § rebars @ 800mm vert. & 600mm hor. 1.85 8" 12mm rebars @ every 3 layers bothways 3.32 40mm rebars bothways @ every 3 layers 2.00 ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARGHITECTS: p. 35DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 re Meter 400mm 2 0450 400mm 3 0300 400mm 1 0220 600mm 2 0300 600mm 3 0190 600mm 4 0140 800mm 2 0220 800mm 3 0140 ‘300mm, 4 100, Si woop sTups _Boariloo of Suds por Squre Meer ‘odin 400mm (16° £16") 50mm x 50mm (2" x2") 66 55. 44 50mm x 75mm 2” x3") 100 85 66 ‘Somm x 400mm 133 110 88 2” x 4" ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS: p. 36DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 WOOD FLOORING = 188 & SIDING vx 7.70 13.20 Gelling Joist 2° x 3" at 1.20 m. OCBW 275 80 0025 2” X 4” at 1.20m, OCBW 3.68 80 0019 Ceiling Furting Strips 2” x 2" at 040m OCBW 3.26 80 029 2” x 3” at 0.40m OCBW 488 80 0194 2" x 2" at 0.60m OCBW 1.68 80 05 2” x 2” al 0.60m OCBW 252 80 0033 ‘Wood Hangars 2” x 2" 3" long m. OCBW 0172 ‘Add 75% allowance 1. 40 16% ay. 60 14% Tm - 90 10% o1 - 200 6.5% 201_- above 5% ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS: p. 37DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 Floor Joist Ee Sie BaSG ax 3" 0.300. 8.85 aie -do- 9.105 ax 5” -to- 11.40 2" 6 -do- 1370 a -do- 1801 2" x 10" -do- 22.80 Wood Purlins (Bd.ft./ $q.m. ‘Stee. 0.88mi x 0.64m 0c 0:Tim 0.6m 9. et" + 25% {28 22 33 29 0.40 44 38 0.60 55 ar 0.60 66 57 0.60 ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p. 38DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 PREFORMED ; GALVANIZED IRON (G.l.) SHEET METAL ROOFING —_No, oF SHEET PER SQUARE METER OF ROOF AREA OR SHED Side lap 6-1/2 oF 0641 0.550 2 cor. End lap 12" 0870 510 Ef, width 25-1/2" = 0.65 SPECIFICATION: CSG - Commercial Standard Gauge GSG - Government Standard Gauge Standard Gauge No. 24; 26; 30; 31 Zinc Coating - 1.25 oz/saq ft. ROOFING ACCESSORIES G.I, RIVETS OF ROOFING NAILS G.l. Sheet length 6, 7 and & = 12 pes,/sht. and 1b = 16 pes/sht. G.l. Washer = Number of 1. rivets x 2 Lead Washer = Number of rivets Copper Rivets w/Burrs 3/8 x 9 for gutter = approx. 20 rivets/piece 8' long flashing = approx. 12 rivetspioce ridge roll = approx. 20 rivets/piece Effective G.1. gutter, ridge roll, fascia, flashing length = 2.25 M Nikolite Soldering Bars. for gutter - number of gutters/4 or 6 depending on size _downspout: numberof downspouts ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p.39DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 2.0 PREFORMED METAL ROOFING Lin. M = No. of corr. 6.|. sheets rooting 70 Lin.M = No. of Eternit Asbestos 80 ‘Area in squn. x 19= No, uf Spanisti Ondule te ‘Area in $9.m. x 25 = No. of Ridge (Cabalette) ‘Area in sq.m. x 14 = No. of Marseille (French T) ROOFING ACCESSORIES E g 188 pieces 102 pieces 389 pieces 36 pieces 70 pieces 152 pieces 200 pieces/box. 8 barsikilo ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS: p.40DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 ALUMINUM ! JALOUSIE WINDOW JALOUSIE WINDOW ciass on woop 8 88 8 8 8 8 8 8B ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS: p.41DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 + PORTLAND CEMENT WALL CEMENT PLASTER: PLASTER PER SQUARE METER 108 58 o2t 022 01680 aia 0.26 028 021 1 ose 034 02625 13/6 0.39 oat 0318, Applicable to CHB, bricks, ceramic hollow bik and other uniform surfaces for scratch coat, for washout finishes, use class 1:1:6 (w/lime), ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p42DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 CERAMIC TILE FLOOR AND WALL TILES PER SQUARE METER 2" Hex oxo" ax3" axa" a7 4118 x 4-118" 86 exe" 43 10"x 10" 16 axa" a7 erxiz" 222 1x12" 1 16" 16" eee Class “A” 1:2 Class “B13 Cement Sand Cement ‘sand 94 Lbs. 40Kgs. CuM 94Lbs. 40Kgs. CuM Remarks 064 0.11 01200604 0.08 © 0.09 00682 Glazed & Vit. ties 095 017 0.18 = 00880 0.18 0.14 01050 -fo- 127023024 = 01209 0.17 0.18) .01885 -to- 159° 0.28 ©0390 01484021 0.22 01680 -do- 1981 035 0.37 01880 026 = 0.28 02100 Cement Tle 8° x 254 044 «047 «= 02062 0.92 «03402667 do- 581 065 0.70 03534 049 0.520890 Granolithie Tile 16"x 16" -do- 5.08 05265 089 094 066 0.70 ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS: p.43DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 PAINTING QUANTITIES PER SQUARE METER OF WALLS AND CEILING Z ES oo 0.04MH __O.5MH 0.11 MH 0.4 MH Legend: 1) xvladecor (For Wood) 6) Varnish (Wood) 2) Acrytex (Wood and Concrete 3) Masonry Paint (Masonry) 4) Fiatwall Enamel (Wood and Conerete) 5) Duco (Wood) ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS. p44DETAILED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 PAINTING ‘SPREADING RATES AND PAINTS rough wood metal smooth cement 7 rough cement | smooth wood smooth wood | smooth wood smooth & rough ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS: p.45ELECTRICAL DETALED QUANTITY SURVEY Part 3.0 Sescription ce on Donected volte ce Breaker Remark eajedo 120/240 30 AMP 420240 © 3No.10 = 30AMP i200 © 312 0 AMP. 120 2Nc.12 20AMP : 120 20.12 20AMP | 1500 120 2nu.12 20 AMP. 1300 120 2No.12 20AMP 2No.12 © 20AMP 20 AMP i 2No. 12 yer 120/240 © 3No.12 20 AMP 120 2No.12 20 AMP 120 2n0.12 120 2No.12 120 2No.12 120 2hu.12 20 AMP = 5000 14000 240 ‘late: Max. connected load (Range varies from 6000 to 14000 depending on season) ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS 0.46Estimating Worksheetsy 3 B svauy ANaISNWU 8 WaHLO OL aIKS Ananewead & SYBHLO -NOHIY TBE WWid3dS azis wood niaoasso on | twanainoa 8 = oy) ) ) & 8 S 3 g : SUBHLO ‘wousnow 5 g SuaHLO ywozes 4008 moan \s4000 savor Wi NOUWTLNA SINAN WOUNBA onnia9 saunixts eNeWnTd woo swouueves stm | i sTowd303u ‘Adan ¥a.ven woo ans ¥oou ( : ) ‘WOiLIFTS } TWOINVHOAW / ONIGWITId } SINWed / WHNLONYLS } WHNLOALIHOUY ———4 payseun a — — —_ * aie “ON 30vdS é SLNSW3YINDAY WOON oon oy 103P0Ud ® 209 WHOSFORM 607 SHEETNO__ PROVECT, Locariow: WORK ELEMENT ESTIMATE WORK SHEET TocATION ‘WORK ELEMENT (MEASUREMENT & REFERENGE _SOMPUTATION ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS p48PROMECT Location: YEAR: SUMMARY OF QUANTITIES MATERIALS [space lbesicnarion (CROSS REFERENCE) FORM 607 h SHEET NO____oF ESTIMATED BY. OaTE_____ OHEOKED By: OTE: ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS: p.49od _[wwio1 onvus 1800 a} wo] SiN 1809 TOL rsoo win] sn | 100 wo | un} _1sooTwior | save | oa | inn | s0'0N] © ¥¥OM JO NOUAIHOSIG| “ON WAL wav “Wieaiv ‘SaLLUINYOD st ‘NOIWOO} TL 1937085 WCRI] ‘MOLWIS] 0 Ta avi] __es0uo SO SOGOU LOVATO wos Savi] 41809 19340 40 Sa1VWLLS3 ESTIMATING GUIDE FOR ARCHITECTS 9.50