HOT TOPIC MCQ VERSION 1

DUBLIN CORE , METS, MODS AND METADATA

5 MAY 2024

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METADATA
MCQ 1. What type of metadata describes the contents and quality of statistical data?

A) Descriptive metadata

B) Reference metadata

C) Structural metadata

D) Legal metadata

Answer: B) Reference metadata

Explanation: Reference metadata provides information about the contents and quality of statistical data.

MCQ 2. Which type of metadata includes elements such as title, abstract, author, and keywords?

A) Structural metadata

B) Administrative metadata

C) Descriptive metadata

D) Statistical metadata
Answer: C) Descriptive metadata

Explanation: Descriptive metadata provides descriptive information about a resource, including title, abstract,
author, and keywords.

MCQ 3. What does administrative metadata primarily help manage?

A) Statistical data

B) Resource content

C) Permissions and creation information

D) Container structure

Answer: C) Permissions and creation information

Explanation: Administrative metadata provides information to help manage a resource, such as resource type,
permissions, and when and how it was created.

MCQ 4. Which type of metadata may describe processes that collect, process, or produce statistical data?

A) Legal metadata

B) Structural metadata

C) Descriptive metadata

D) Statistical metadata

Answer: D) Statistical metadata

Explanation: Statistical metadata, also called process data, may describe processes that collect, process, or
produce statistical data.

MCQ 5. What does structural metadata describe?

A) The creator and copyright holder

B) The contents and quality of statistical data

C) The order and relationship of data containers

D) The resource type and permissions

Answer: C) The order and relationship of data containers

Explanation: Structural metadata describes how compound objects are put together, such as how pages are
ordered to form chapters.

MCQ 6. What type of metadata provides information about the creator, copyright holder, and public licensing?
A) Descriptive metadata

B) Reference metadata

C) Legal metadata

D) Administrative metadata

Answer: C) Legal metadata

Explanation: Legal metadata provides information about the creator, copyright holder, and public licensing, if
provided.

MCQ 7. Which metadata type is used for discovery and identification?

A) Legal metadata

B) Descriptive metadata

C) Administrative metadata

D) Structural metadata

Answer: B) Descriptive metadata

Explanation: Descriptive metadata is used for discovery and identification by providing descriptive information
about a resource.

MCQ 8. What does reference metadata primarily focus on?

A) Structural aspects of data containers

B) Processes that produce statistical data

C) The contents and quality of statistical data

D) Permissions and creation information

Answer: C) The contents and quality of statistical data

Explanation: Reference metadata primarily focuses on providing information about the contents and quality of
statistical data.

MCQ 9. Which type of metadata describes the types, versions, relationships, and other characteristics of
digital materials?

A) Legal metadata

B) Descriptive metadata

C) Structural metadata
D) Administrative metadata

Answer: C) Structural metadata

Explanation: Structural metadata describes the types, versions, relationships, and other characteristics of digital
materials.

MCQ 10. What aspect of data does metadata not describe?

A) The content of the data

B) The order of data containers

C) The creator and copyright holder

D) The process of producing statistical data

Answer: A) The content of the data

Explanation: Metadata provides information about data but does not include the content of the data itself.

MCQ 11. When was the first description of "meta data" for computer systems purportedly noted?

A) 1955

B) 1967

C) 1973

D) 1980

Answer: B) 1967

Explanation: The first description of "meta data" for computer systems is purportedly noted by MIT's Center for
International Studies experts David Griffel and Stuart McIntosh in 1967.

MCQ 12. What does metadata do to increase the usefulness of data or data files?

A) It reduces the size of data files

B) It encrypts the data content

C) It describes the contents and context of data

D) It compresses the data for faster transmission

Answer: C) It describes the contents and context of data

Explanation: Describing the contents and context of data or data files increases its usefulness.

MCQ 13. What type of metadata might specify what software language a web page is written in?

A) Administrative metadata
B) Descriptive metadata

C) Structural metadata

D) Legal metadata

Answer: B) Descriptive metadata

Explanation: Descriptive metadata specifies details about the content, such as the software language used in a
web page.

MCQ 14. What is an example of metadata provided by a CD?

A) The manufacturing date of the CD

B) The geographical location of the CD's creation

C) Information about the musicians, singers, and songwriters

D) The physical dimensions of the CD

Answer: C) Information about the musicians, singers, and songwriters

Explanation: Metadata on a CD can include information about the musicians, singers, and songwriters whose
work appears on the disc.

MCQ 15. What aspect of a web page's metadata can enhance the reader's experience?

A) Information about the hosting server

B) Details about the page's design layout

C) The software language used

D) The physical location of the web server

Answer: C) The software language used

Explanation: Knowing the software language used can help optimize the reader's experience and compatibility.

MCQ 16. What kind of metadata might government organizations routinely store about communication?

A) Descriptive metadata

B) Structural metadata

C) Legal metadata

D) Administrative metadata

Answer: D) Administrative metadata

Explanation: Government organizations often store administrative metadata about emails, telephone calls, web
pages, etc.

MCQ 17. Which statement best describes the purpose of metadata in government organizations?

A) To regulate access to data

B) To create backups of data

C) To encrypt sensitive information

D) To provide context and management information

Answer: D) To provide context and management information

Explanation: Metadata in government organizations serves to provide context and management information
about various types of communication and data.

MCQ 18. How can metadata about web pages improve online search experiences?

A) By encrypting the page content

B) By specifying the physical location of the web server

C) By providing information about the page's content and subject matter

D) By compressing images and multimedia content

Answer: C) By providing information about the page's content and subject matter

Explanation: Metadata helps search engines understand and categorize web pages, leading to more relevant
search results.

MCQ 19. What unique metadata standards exist for different disciplines?

A) Geographical metadata

B) Discipline-specific metadata

C) Universal metadata

D) Metadata categorization

Answer: B) Discipline-specific metadata

Explanation: Different disciplines have their own unique metadata standards tailored to their specific needs.

MCQ 20. What is the primary purpose of metadata for digital audio files?

A) To specify the geographical location of the recording

B) To describe the instruments used in the recording

C) To provide information about the artists and composers

D) To encrypt the audio content for copyright protection

Answer: C) To provide information about the artists and composers

Explanation: Metadata for digital audio files typically includes information about the artists, composers, album
title, track names, etc.

MCQ 21. What type of metadata might be written into a digital photo file to identify copyright information and
contact details?

A) Administrative metadata

B) Descriptive metadata

C) Structural metadata

D) Legal metadata

Answer: A) Administrative metadata

Explanation: Administrative metadata in digital photo files includes ownership, copyright, contact information,
and camera details.

MCQ 22. What organization governs the IPTC Core Schema for XMP, a photographic metadata standard?

A) International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC)

B) International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

C) Camera & Imaging Products Association (CIPA)

D) Visual Resource Association (VRA)

Answer: A) International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC)

Explanation: The IPTC governs standards like the IPTC Core Schema for XMP in photographic metadata.

MCQ 23. Which organization maintains the Exif standard for photographic metadata?

A) International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC)

B) International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

C) Camera & Imaging Products Association (CIPA)

D) Visual Resource Association (VRA)

Answer: C) Camera & Imaging Products Association (CIPA)

Explanation: The Exif standard is maintained by CIPA and published by JEITA.

MCQ 24. What type of metadata might include information about a video's contents, such as transcripts of
conversations and text descriptions of scenes?

A) Administrative metadata

B) Descriptive metadata

C) Structural metadata

D) Legal metadata

Answer: B) Descriptive metadata

Explanation: Descriptive metadata in video includes information about the video's contents, such as transcripts
and scene descriptions.

MCQ 25. Which professional video editing software provides access to metadata?

A) Final Cut Pro

B) Adobe Premiere Pro

C) Avid's MetaSync

D) Sony Vegas Pro

Answer: C) Avid's MetaSync

Explanation: Avid's MetaSync is an example of professional video editing software with access to metadata.

MCQ 26. What is the primary use of metadata in telecommunications?

A) To store message content

B) To analyze communication patterns

C) To provide information on call times and origins

D) To encrypt telecommunication data

Answer: C) To provide information on call times and origins

Explanation: Telecommunications metadata provides information on the times, origins, and destinations of
phone calls, messages, etc.

MCQ 27. What is a source of video metadata that includes information about the type of equipment used and
the date and location of recording?

A) Operational gathered metadata

B) Human-authored metadata
C) Descriptive metadata

D) Administrative metadata

Answer: A) Operational gathered metadata

Explanation: Operational gathered metadata includes information about the content produced, such as
equipment type, date, and location.

MCQ 28. What is an example of human-authored metadata for video?

A) Equipment type and location

B) Descriptions of scenes and conversations

C) Date and time of recording

D) Transcripts of conversations

Answer: B) Descriptions of scenes and conversations

Explanation: Human-authored metadata includes descriptions of scenes, conversations, etc., to improve search
engine visibility and audience engagement.

MCQ 29. What is a controversial aspect of telecommunications metadata collection by intelligence agencies?

A) Encryption of metadata

B) Storage of message content

C) Bulk collection of call detail records

D) Analysis of communication patterns

Answer: C) Bulk collection of call detail records

Explanation: Bulk collection of telecommunications metadata has raised concerns about privacy and
surveillance.

MCQ 30. What functionality enables the editing of metadata in digital photo files by some digital cameras?

A) XMP schema

B) EXIF standard

C) IPTC Core Schema

D) Plus (Picture Licensing Universal System)

Answer: B) EXIF standard

Explanation: The EXIF standard allows for the editing of metadata in digital photo files by some digital cameras.
MCQ 31. What is one of the primary purposes of metadata in libraries?

A) To encrypt library materials

B) To organize and locate library items

C) To compress digital files

D) To authenticate library users

Answer: B) To organize and locate library items

Explanation: Metadata in libraries helps classify, aggregate, identify, and locate library items in both digital and

analog formats.

MCQ 32. What was a common method used in library catalogs until the 1980s to display book information?

A) Computer databases

B) Magnetic tape storage

C) 3x5 inch cards in file drawers

D) Microfilm archives

Answer: C) 3x5 inch cards in file drawers

Explanation: Until the 1980s, many library catalogs used 3x5 inch cards in file drawers to display book

information.

MCQ 33. What standard is commonly used for cataloging resources in library management systems?

A) MARC

B) Dublin Core

C) METS

D) MODS

Answer: A) MARC

Explanation: Cataloging resources in library management systems often use the MARC metadata standard.

MCQ 34. What is the purpose of metadata in library catalogues?

A) To encrypt library materials

B) To direct patrons to items or areas they seek

C) To create demographic data

D) To compress digital files

Answer: B) To direct patrons to items or areas they seek

Explanation: Metadata in library catalogues helps patrons locate items or areas they are looking for.

MCQ 35. What are some examples of recent and specialized instances of library metadata?

A) Taxonomic classification fields and keywords

B) File encryption and copyright statement

C) Compression formats and file size

D) User authentication and access control

Answer: A) Taxonomic classification fields and keywords

Explanation: Recent and specialized instances of library metadata include taxonomic classification fields,

keywords, and location fields.

MCQ 36. What are some standards for metadata in digital libraries?

A) APA, MLA, Chicago

B) Dublin Core, METS, MODS

C) XML, HTML, CSS

D) FAT32, NTFS, HFS+

Answer: B) Dublin Core, METS, MODS

Explanation: Standards for metadata in digital libraries include Dublin Core, METS, and MODS.

MCQ 37. What is a key topic in international efforts toward library standardization?

A) Library funding

B) Library automation
C) Library operation

D) Library architecture

Answer: C) Library operation

Explanation: Library operation has been a key topic in efforts toward international standardization.

MCQ 38. What do standards such as Dublin Core and METS focus on?

A) Digital rights management

B) Library architecture

C) Metadata in digital libraries

D) Library funding models

Answer: C) Metadata in digital libraries

Explanation: Standards like Dublin Core and METS focus on metadata in digital libraries.

MCQ 39. What does the abbreviation ILMS stand for in the context of libraries?

A) International Library Management System

B) Integrated Library Management System

C) Informational Library Management System

D) Interconnected Library Management System

Answer: B) Integrated Library Management System

Explanation: ILMS stands for Integrated Library Management System in the context of libraries.

MCQ 40. What role does metadata play in scientific publications according to the provided information?

A) To encrypt publication content

B) To organize publication authors

C) To provide a description of publications

D) To compress publication files

Answer: C) To provide a description of publications

Explanation: Metadata in library and information science includes providing a description of scientific

publications.

Dublin Core Metadata mcq

MCQ 41. What is the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) responsible for?

A) Developing web content

B) Standardizing metadata for digital resources

C) Regulating internet protocols

D) Managing non-profit organizations

Answer: B) Standardizing metadata for digital resources

Explanation: The DCMI is responsible for formulating the Dublin Core, which is a metadata standard for

describing digital or physical resources.

MCQ 42. What organization is responsible for the DCMI project?

A) Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T)

B) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

C) International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

D) National Information Standards Organization (NISO)

Answer: A) Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T)

Explanation: The DCMI project is a project of ASIS&T, a non-profit organization.

MCQ 43. How has Dublin Core been standardized internationally?

A) As ISO 15836 by ISO

B) As ANSI/NISO Z39.85 by NISO

C) As IETF RFC 5013 by IETF

D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Explanation: Dublin Core has been standardized internationally as ISO 15836 by ISO, as IETF RFC 5013 by IETF,

and as ANSI/NISO Z39.85 by NISO.

MCQ 44. What are the core properties of the Dublin Core part of?

A) A larger set of DCMI Metadata Terms

B) A subset of RDF vocabularies

C) A collection of ASIS&T projects

D) A series of ISO standards

Answer: A) A larger set of DCMI Metadata Terms

Explanation: The core properties of the Dublin Core are part of a larger set of DCMI Metadata Terms.

MCQ 45. In what contexts can Dublin Core metadata be used?

A) Only for digital resources

B) Only for physical resources

C) For both digital and physical resources

D) Only for web pages

Answer: C) For both digital and physical resources

Explanation: Dublin Core metadata can be used for describing both digital resources (video, images, web pages,

etc.) and physical resources such as books or works of art.

MCQ 46. What is one purpose of Dublin Core metadata?

A) To standardize internet protocols

B) To describe web content

C) To manage non-profit organizations

D) To regulate metadata vocabularies

Answer: B) To describe web content

Explanation: One purpose of Dublin Core metadata is to describe digital or physical resources, including web

content.

MCQ 47. What does Dublin Core metadata enable?

A) Combining metadata vocabularies of different standards

B) Creating new internet protocols

C) Managing non-profit organizations

D) Regulating internet traffic

Answer: A) Combining metadata vocabularies of different standards

Explanation: Dublin Core metadata enables combining metadata vocabularies of different standards.

MCQ 48. What term is used to describe Dublin Core metadata packaged and constrained in application

profiles?

A) ISO

B) DCMI

C) RDF

D) ASIS&T

Answer: B) DCMI

Explanation: Dublin Core metadata packaged and constrained in application profiles is described using the term

"DCMI".

MCQ 49. What does Dublin Core metadata help provide in Semantic Web implementations?
A) Encryption algorithms

B) Compression techniques

C) Interoperability for metadata vocabularies

D) User authentication mechanisms

Answer: C) Interoperability for metadata vocabularies

Explanation: Dublin Core metadata helps provide interoperability for metadata vocabularies in Semantic Web

implementations.

MCQ 50. What term is used to describe Dublin Core metadata that draws on multiple RDF vocabularies?

A) ISO

B) DCMI

C) RDF

D) ASIS&T

Answer: B) DCMI

Explanation: Dublin Core metadata that draws on multiple RDF vocabularies is described as "DCMI".

MCQ 51. Where did the Dublin Core schema originate?

A) Dublin, Ireland

B) Dublin, Ohio, US

C) Dublin, Canada

D) Dublin, Australia

Answer: B) Dublin, Ohio, US

Explanation: The Dublin Core schema originated in Dublin, Ohio, US, during the 1995 invitational OCLC/NCSA

Metadata Workshop.

MCQ 52. What organization hosted the invitational OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop where the Dublin Core

schema originated?
A) Dublin Library Consortium

B) National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA)

C) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

D) National Information Standards Organization (NISO)

Answer: B) National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA)

Explanation: The invitational OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop was hosted by the National Center for

Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).

MCQ 53. What does "Core" refer to in the Dublin Core metadata terms?

A) Core members of the DCMI

B) Core principles of metadata

C) Core locations of metadata workshops

D) Core properties of metadata terms

Answer: D) Core properties of metadata terms

Explanation: "Core" refers to the broad and generic nature of the metadata terms, usable for describing a wide

range of resources.

MCQ 54. Who established and maintains the semantics of Dublin Core?

A) International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

B) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

C) Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)

D) National Information Standards Organization (NISO)

Answer: C) Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)

Explanation: The semantics of Dublin Core were established and are maintained by the Dublin Core Metadata

Initiative (DCMI).

MCQ 55. In what year was the first Dublin Core encoding standard expressed in terms of HTML 'meta' tagging?
A) 1995

B) 1999

C) 2000

D) 2005

Answer: B) 1999

Explanation: The first Dublin Core encoding standard was expressed in terms of HTML 'meta' tagging in 1999.

MCQ 56. What concept did the Dublin Core community focus on starting in 2000?

A) Application profiles

B) Metadata interoperability

C) Semantic web implementation

D) Resource Description Framework (RDF)

Answer: A) Application profiles

Explanation: Starting in 2000, the Dublin Core community focused on "application profiles" for metadata

records.

MCQ 57. What organization provides an open forum for the development of interoperable online metadata

standards?

A) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

B) Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)

C) National Information Standards Organization (NISO)

D) Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T)

Answer: B) Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)

Explanation: The DCMI provides an open forum for the development of interoperable online metadata

standards.

MCQ 58. When did DCMI separate from OCLC and incorporate as an independent entity?
A) 2005

B) 2008

C) 2010

D) 2015

Answer: B) 2008

Explanation: DCMI separated from OCLC and incorporated as an independent entity in 2008.

MCQ 59. What board reviews changes made to the Dublin Core standard?

A) DCMI Usage Board

B) DCMI Metadata Board

C) DCMI Review Board

D) DCMI Advisory Board

Answer: A) DCMI Usage Board

Explanation: The DCMI Usage Board reviews changes made to the Dublin Core standard.

MCQ 60. What does the DCMI Namespace Policy set limits on?

A) The number of metadata terms

B) The amount of editorial changes allowed

C) The scope of metadata application profiles

D) The frequency of metadata updates

Answer: B) The amount of editorial changes allowed

Explanation: The DCMI Namespace Policy sets limits on the amount of editorial changes allowed to the labels,

definitions, and usage comments of metadata terms.

MCQ 61. How many levels did the Dublin Core standard originally include?

A) One

B) Two
C) Three

D) Four

Answer: B) Two

Explanation: The Dublin Core standard originally included two levels: Simple and Qualified.

MCQ 62. How many elements did Simple Dublin Core comprise?

A) 10

B) 15

C) 20

D) 25

Answer: B) 15

Explanation: Simple Dublin Core comprised 15 elements.

MCQ 63. What additional elements did Qualified Dublin Core include beyond Simple Dublin Core?

A) Audience, Provenance, RightsHolder

B) Subject, Description, Creator

C) Title, Date, Format

D) Identifier, Contributor, Language

Answer: A) Audience, Provenance, RightsHolder

Explanation: Qualified Dublin Core included three additional elements: Audience, Provenance, and RightsHolder.

MCQ 64. What could refine the semantics of the elements in Qualified Dublin Core?

A) Element refinements

B) Element enhancements

C) Element simplifications

D) Element deletions
Answer: A) Element refinements

Explanation: Element refinements (or qualifiers) could refine the semantics of the elements in ways that may be

useful in resource discovery.

MCQ 65. Since 2012, what has happened to the Simple and Qualified levels of Dublin Core?

A) They have been merged into one level.

B) They have been expanded into three levels.

C) They have been discontinued.

D) They have been renamed.

Answer: A) They have been incorporated into the DCMI Metadata Terms as a single set of terms

Explanation: Since 2012, the Simple and Qualified levels of Dublin Core have been incorporated into the DCMI

Metadata Terms as a single set of terms.

MCQ 66. Where can the full set of elements of Dublin Core be found?

A) http://www.dublincore.org

B) http://purl.org/dc/terms/

C) http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/

D) http://dublincore.net

Answer: B) http://purl.org/dc/terms/

Explanation: The full set of elements of Dublin Core can be found under the namespace

http://purl.org/dc/terms/.

MCQ 67. What does the separate namespace for the original 15 elements of Dublin Core allow?

A) Compatibility with pre-RDF definitions

B) Compatibility with post-RDF definitions

C) Compatibility with HTML standards

D) Compatibility with XML schemas

Answer: A) Compatibility with pre-RDF definitions

Explanation: The separate namespace for the original 15 elements of Dublin Core allows compatibility with pre-

RDF definitions used for those elements.

MCQ 68. What is the URL of the separate namespace for the original 15 elements of Dublin Core?

A) http://www.dublincore.org/elements/1.1/

B) http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/

C) http://dublincore.net/elements/1.1/

D) http://www.dc-registry.org/elements/1.1/

Answer: B) http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/

Explanation: The URL of the separate namespace for the original 15 elements of Dublin Core is

http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/.

MCQ 69. What are the namespaces used for in Dublin Core?

A) To define metadata standards

B) To specify domain names

C) To identify resources

D) To manage web content

Answer: C) To identify resources

Explanation: The namespaces in Dublin Core are used to identify resources, including metadata terms and

elements.

MCQ 70. What organization maintains the Dublin Core namespaces?

A) Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)

B) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

C) National Information Standards Organization (NISO)

D) International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Answer: A) Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)

Explanation: The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) maintains the Dublin Core namespaces.

MCQ 71. What is the purpose of the Contributor element in the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES)?

A) To identify the creator of the resource

B) To specify the file format of the resource

C) To describe the spatial or temporal topic of the resource

D) To identify an entity responsible for making contributions to the resource

Answer: D) To identify an entity responsible for making contributions to the resource

Explanation: The Contributor element in DCMES is used to identify an entity responsible for making
contributions to the resource.

MCQ 72. What does the Coverage element in DCMES describe?

A) The file format of the resource

B) The language of the resource

C) The spatial or temporal topic of the resource

D) The rights held in and over the resource

Answer: C) The spatial or temporal topic of the resource

Explanation: The Coverage element in DCMES describes the spatial or temporal topic of the resource.

MCQ 73. Who is primarily responsible for making the resource, according to the Creator element in DCMES?

A) The publisher

B) The contributor

C) The entity mentioned in the Identifier element

D) The entity mentioned in the Creator element

Answer: D) The entity mentioned in the Creator element

Explanation: The Creator element in DCMES identifies an entity primarily responsible for making the resource.

MCQ 74. What does the Date element in DCMES represent?

A) The date of publication

B) The date of access

C) A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource

D) The date of creation

Answer: C) A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource

Explanation: The Date element in DCMES represents a point or period of time associated with an event in the
lifecycle of the resource.

MCQ 75. What does the Format element in DCMES describe?

A) The physical medium of the resource

B) The dimensions of the resource

C) The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource

D) The encoding scheme used for the resource

Answer: C) The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource

Explanation: The Format element in DCMES describes the file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the
resource.

MCQ 76. What does the Identifier element in DCMES provide?

A) A reference to the publisher

B) A reference to the creator

C) A reference to the resource within a given context

D) A reference to the source of the resource

Answer: C) A reference to the resource within a given context

Explanation: The Identifier element in DCMES provides an unambiguous reference to the resource within a given
context.

MCQ 77. What does the Language element in DCMES specify?

A) The language in which the resource is written

B) The language of the resource

C) The language spoken by the creator

D) The language used for metadata encoding

Answer: B) The language of the resource

Explanation: The Language element in DCMES specifies the language of the resource.
MCQ 78. Who is responsible for making the resource available, according to the Publisher element in DCMES?

A) The creator

B) The contributor

C) The entity mentioned in the Source element

D) The entity mentioned in the Publisher element

Answer: D) The entity mentioned in the Publisher element

Explanation: The Publisher element in DCMES identifies an entity responsible for making the resource available.

MCQ 79. What does the Relation element in DCMES describe?

A) The spatial or temporal topic of the resource

B) A related resource

C) The nature or genre of the resource

D) Information about rights held in and over the resource

Answer: B) A related resource

Explanation: The Relation element in DCMES describes a related resource.

MCQ 80. What is the purpose of the Rights element in DCMES?

A) To describe the source of the resource

B) To specify the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant

C) To provide information about rights held in and over the resource

D) To describe the nature or genre of the resource

Answer: C) To provide information about rights held in and over the resource

Explanation: The Rights element in DCMES provides information about rights held in and over the resource.

The original DCMES Version 1.1 consists of 15 metadata elements, defined this way in the original specification:

1. Contributor – "An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource".

2. Coverage – "The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the
jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant".
3. Creator – "An entity primarily responsible for making the resource".
4. Date – "A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource".
5. Description – "An account of the resource".
6. Format – "The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource".
7. Identifier – "An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context".
8. Language – "A language of the resource".
9. Publisher – "An entity responsible for making the resource available".
 10. Relation – "A related resource".
11. Rights – "Information about rights held in and over the resource".
12. Source – "A related resource from which the described resource is derived".
13. Subject – "The topic of the resource".
14. Title – "A name given to the resource".
15. Type – "The nature or genre of the resource".

METS-Metadata Encoding and

Transmission Standard
MCQ 81. What is the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) used for?

A) Encoding descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata regarding objects within a digital library

B) Encoding text documents in digital libraries

C) Managing physical library collections

D) Creating audiovisual content for digital libraries

Answer: A) Encoding descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata regarding objects within a digital
library

Explanation: METS is used for encoding descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata regarding objects
within a digital library.

MCQ 82. In what format is METS expressed?

A) JSON

B) XML

C) HTML

D) CSV

Answer: B) XML

Explanation: METS is expressed using the XML schema language.

MCQ 83. Which organization maintains the METS standard?

A) Digital Library Federation (DLF)

B) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

C) Library of Congress

D) Open Archival Information System (OAIS)

Answer: C) Library of Congress

Explanation: The METS standard is maintained as part of the MARC standards of the Library of Congress.

MCQ 84. What is the purpose of METS in modeling real-world objects?

A) To manage physical objects in libraries

B) To create digital content for libraries

C) To express the hierarchical structure of digital library objects and record associated metadata

D) To create XML document instances for digital library objects

Answer: C) To express the hierarchical structure of digital library objects and record associated metadata

Explanation: METS can be used as a tool for modeling real-world objects by expressing their hierarchical
structure and recording associated metadata.

MCQ 85. What role can a METS document play within the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference
Model?

A) Submission Information Package (SIP)

B) Digital Library Package (DLP)

C) Structured Information Package (SIP)

D) Descriptive Metadata Package (DMP)

Answer: A) Submission Information Package (SIP)

Explanation: Depending on its use, a METS document could be used in the role of Submission Information
Package (SIP) within the OAIS Reference Model.

MCQ 86. What are the three main purposes of METS, as mentioned in the overview?

A) Encoding, structuring, and archiving digital library objects

B) Describing, organizing, and disseminating digital library resources

C) Creating, recording, and managing metadata for digital library objects

D) Structuring, recording file locations, and recording associated metadata for digital library objects

Answer: D) Structuring, recording file locations, and recording associated metadata for digital library objects

Explanation: The three main purposes of METS are creating XML document instances that express the
hierarchical structure of digital library objects, recording the names and locations of the files that comprise
those objects, and recording associated metadata.

MCQ 87. What is the role of METS in the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model?
A) It defines the standards for digital preservation

B) It specifies the metadata format for digital objects

C) It provides a framework for organizing and managing digital resources

D) It supports the creation of Submission Information Packages (SIPs) for ingest into archival repositories

Answer: D) It supports the creation of Submission Information Packages (SIPs) for ingest into archival
repositories

Explanation: METS supports the creation of Submission Information Packages (SIPs) within the OAIS Reference
Model.

MCQ 88. What does the term "hierarchical structure of digital library objects" refer to?

A) The arrangement of physical items in a library

B) The organization of metadata within a digital library system

C) The relationships and dependencies between digital resources in a digital library

D) The classification system used for digital library collections

Answer: C) The relationships and dependencies between digital resources in a digital library

Explanation: The hierarchical structure of digital library objects refers to the relationships and dependencies
between digital resources in a digital library.

MCQ 89. How does METS facilitate the modeling of real-world objects?

A) By providing a standardized format for digital content

B) By defining the relationships between digital library resources

C) By enabling the expression of hierarchical structure and associated metadata

D) By managing the physical storage of digital files

Answer: C) By enabling the expression of hierarchical structure and associated metadata

Explanation: METS facilitates the modeling of real-world objects by enabling the expression of hierarchical
structure and associated metadata.

MCQ 90. Which organization initiated the development of METS?

A) Digital Library Federation (DLF)

B) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

C) Library of Congress
D) Open Archival Information System (OAIS)

Answer: A) Digital Library Federation (DLF)

Explanation: METS was developed as an initiative of the Digital Library Federation (DLF).

MCQ 91. What is one key difference between maintaining metadata for digital objects and traditional physical
materials in libraries?

A) Digital objects require less extensive metadata than physical materials.

B) Digital objects require more extensive and different types of metadata than physical materials.

C) Digital objects do not require metadata for successful management.

D) Traditional libraries do not require metadata for managing collections of printed works.

Answer: B) Digital objects require more extensive and different types of metadata than physical materials.

Explanation: Digital objects require more extensive and different types of metadata than physical materials in
libraries.

MCQ 92. Why is structural metadata crucial for digital objects in digital libraries?

A) It provides information about the digitization process.

B) It ensures the accuracy of the digital version compared to the original.

C) It reflects the integrity of the original work.

D) Without it, the page image or text files comprising the digital work are of little use.

Answer: D) Without it, the page image or text files comprising the digital work are of little use.

Explanation: Structural metadata is crucial for digital objects in digital libraries because without it, the page
image or text files comprising the digital work are of little use.

MCQ 93. How does the flexibility of METS impact interoperability?

A) It enhances interoperability by providing a prescribed vocabulary.

B) It limits interoperability by not providing a prescribed vocabulary.

C) It has no impact on interoperability.

D) It increases interoperability by standardizing metadata formats.

Answer: B) It limits interoperability by not providing a prescribed vocabulary.

Explanation: The flexibility of METS limits interoperability by not providing a prescribed vocabulary, making it
difficult for institutions with different vocabularies to exchange METS documents.
MCQ 94. What is a workaround for the interoperability challenge posed by the flexibility of METS?

A) Creating institutional profiles

B) Standardizing metadata formats

C) Utilizing a prescribed vocabulary

D) Implementing document exchange protocols

Answer: A) Creating institutional profiles

Explanation: A workaround for the interoperability challenge posed by the flexibility of METS is creating
institutional profiles, which document the implementation of METS specific to each institution.

MCQ 95. What does an eBook-like PDF or TIFF file in a digital library aim to achieve?

A) Reflect the integrity of the original work

B) Minimize the need for metadata

C) Ensure interoperability with traditional libraries

D) Preserve the digitization process

Answer: A) Reflect the integrity of the original work

Explanation: An eBook-like PDF or TIFF file in a digital library aims to reflect the integrity of the original work.

MCQ 96. When did the University of California, Berkeley begin working on the development of a system

combining encoding for an outline of a digital object's structure with metadata for that object?

A) 1998

B) 1996

C) 2001

D) 2004

Answer: B) 1996

Explanation: The University of California, Berkeley began working on the development of such a system as early

as 1996.

MCQ 97. What was one of the important objectives of the Making of America II project (MoAII)?

A) Developing digital preservation techniques

B) Creating a standard for digital objects with defined metadata

C) Promoting open access to digital resources

D) Establishing a digital library consortium

Answer: B) Creating a standard for digital objects with defined metadata

Explanation: One of the important objectives of the Making of America II project (MoAII) was to create a

standard for digital objects that would include defined metadata.

MCQ 98. What was a limitation of the MoAII DTD?

A) It lacked a structural encoding system

B) It did not include administrative metadata

C) It did not provide flexibility in choosing metadata terms

D) It did not support XML Document Type Definitions

Answer: C) It did not provide flexibility in choosing metadata terms

Explanation: A limitation of the MoAII DTD was that it did not provide flexibility in choosing metadata terms for

the elements.

MCQ 99. When was the current METS schema officially named?

A) 1998

B) 2001

C) 2004

D) 1996

Answer: B) 2001

Explanation: The current METS schema was officially named in April 2001.

MCQ 100. What was the revision in 2001 that served as the foundation for the current METS schema?

A) Introduction of a new metadata encoding system

B) Expansion of administrative metadata elements

C) Use of namespaces separate from the system

D) Integration of structural metadata with descriptive metadata

Answer: C) Use of namespaces separate from the system

Explanation: The revision in 2001 involved the use of namespaces separate from the system, laying the

foundation for the current METS schema.

MCQ 101. What does the METS header (metsHdr) section of a METS document contain?

A) Descriptive metadata

B) Administrative metadata

C) Structural map

D) Information about the METS document itself, such as its creator and editor

Answer: D) Information about the METS document itself, such as its creator and editor

Explanation: The METS header (metsHdr) section contains information about the METS document itself, such as

its creator, editor, etc.

MCQ 102. Which section of a METS document may contain internally embedded metadata or point to

metadata external to the METS document?

A) Descriptive Metadata (dmdSec)

B) Administrative Metadata (amdSec)

C) File Section (fileSec)

D) Structural Map (structMap)

Answer: A) Descriptive Metadata (dmdSec)

Explanation: The Descriptive Metadata (dmdSec) section may contain internally embedded metadata or point to

metadata external to the METS document.

MCQ 103. What is the purpose of the Structural Map (structMap) section in a METS document?

A) To list all files containing content

B) To provide information about how files were created and stored

C) To outline a hierarchical structure for the digital library object and link elements to associated content files

and metadata

D) To record the existence of hyperlinks between nodes in the Structural Map

Answer: C) To outline a hierarchical structure for the digital library object and link elements to associated

content files and metadata

Explanation: The purpose of the Structural Map (structMap) section is to outline a hierarchical structure for the

digital library object and link the elements of that structure to associated content files and metadata.

MCQ 104. What is the purpose of the Behavioral (behaviorSec) section in a METS document?

A) To list all files containing content

B) To provide information about how files were created and stored

C) To associate executable behaviors with content in the METS object

D) To outline a hierarchical structure for the digital library object and link elements to associated content files

and metadata

Answer: C) To associate executable behaviors with content in the METS object

Explanation: The purpose of the Behavioral (behaviorSec) section is to associate executable behaviors with

content in the METS object.

 Metadata Object Description
Schema (MODS)
MCQ 105. When was the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) developed?

A) 1995

B) 2002

C) 2010

D) 2015

Answer: B) 2002

Explanation: The Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) was developed by the Library of Congress'
Network Development and MARC Standards Office in 2002.

MCQ 106. What is the primary purpose of MODS?

A) To replace the MARC format used by libraries

B) To simplify metadata standards to the extreme

C) To compromise between the complexity of MARC and the simplicity of Dublin Core metadata

D) To serve as an XML schema for creating original resource description records

Answer: C) To compromise between the complexity of MARC and the simplicity of Dublin Core metadata

Explanation: The primary purpose of MODS is to compromise between the complexity of the MARC format used
by libraries and the extreme simplicity of Dublin Core metadata.

MCQ 107. How is MODS intended to be used?

A) To replace existing MARC records entirely

B) To carry selected data from existing MARC 21 records and create original resource description records
C) To only carry numeric data from existing MARC 21 records

D) To serve as a standalone metadata standard unrelated to MARC

Answer: B) To carry selected data from existing MARC 21 records and enable the creation of original resource
description records

Explanation: MODS is intended to be used to carry selected data from existing MARC 21 records as well as to
enable the creation of original resource description records.

MCQ 108. When was the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) developed?

A) 1995

B) 2002

C) 2010

D) 2015

Answer: B) 2002

Explanation: The Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) was developed in 2002 by the Library of

Congress' Network Development and MARC Standards Office.

MCQ 109. What is the primary purpose of MODS?

A) To replace the MARC format used by libraries

B) To simplify metadata standards to the extreme

C) To compromise between the complexity of MARC and the simplicity of Dublin Core metadata

D) To serve as an XML schema for creating original resource description records

Answer: C) To compromise between the complexity of MARC and the simplicity of Dublin Core metadata

Explanation: The primary purpose of MODS is to compromise between the complexity of the MARC format used

by libraries and the extreme simplicity of Dublin Core metadata.

MCQ 110. How is MODS intended to be used?

A) To replace existing MARC records entirely

B) To carry selected data from existing MARC 21 records and create original resource description records

C) To only carry numeric data from existing MARC 21 records

D) To serve as a standalone metadata standard unrelated to MARC

Answer: B) To carry selected data from existing MARC 21 records and enable the creation of original resource

description records

Explanation: MODS is intended to be used to carry selected data from existing MARC 21 records as well as to

enable the creation of original resource description records.

MCQ 111. When was MODS first announced for trial use?

A) September 2002

B) June 2002

C) January 2000

D) August 2004

Answer: B) June 2002

Explanation: MODS was first announced for trial use in June 2002.

MCQ 112. How is the number of MODS users tracked?

A) Through mandatory registration on the official MODS website

B) By counting the number of downloads from the official MODS website

C) Through an implementation registry on the official MODS website

D) By conducting periodic surveys of library professionals

Answer: C) Through an implementation registry on the official MODS website

Explanation: The number of MODS users is tracked through an implementation registry on the official MODS

website.

MCQ 113. In which area are the primary users of MODS operating?

A) Corporate environments

B) Educational institutions

C) Government agencies
D) Digital libraries

Answer: D) Digital libraries

Explanation: The primary users of MODS are operating in the area of digital libraries.

MCQ 114. What relationship does MODS have with the MARC format?

A) MODS completely replaces the MARC format

B) MODS defines all MARC fields and uses the same field and subfield tagging

C) MODS carries key data elements from the MARC record but does not define all MARC fields and does not use

the field and subfield tagging from the MARC standard

D) MODS is entirely unrelated to the MARC format

Answer: C) MODS carries key data elements from the MARC record but does not define all MARC fields and

does not use the field and subfield tagging from the MARC standard

Explanation: MODS carries key data elements from the MARC record but does not define all MARC fields and

does not use the field and subfield tagging from the MARC standard.

MCQ 115. How does the Library of Congress handle the mapping between MARC and MODS?

A) By providing no support for mapping between the two formats

B) By maintaining crosswalks in XSLT format for mapping from MARC to MODS, and from MODS to MARC

C) By directly converting MARC records to MODS without any mapping

D) By developing a new metadata standard to replace both MARC and MODS

Answer: B) By maintaining crosswalks in XSLT format for mapping from MARC to MODS, and from MODS to

MARC

Explanation: The Library of Congress maintains crosswalks in XSLT format for mapping from MARC to MODS, and

from MODS to MARC.

MCQ 116. How does MODS compare to Dublin Core in terms of complexity?

A) MODS is simpler than Dublin Core

B) MODS and Dublin Core have similar levels of complexity

C) MODS is far more complex than Dublin Core

D) MODS and Dublin Core are entirely unrelated

Answer: C) MODS is far more complex than Dublin Core

Explanation: MODS is far more complex than Dublin Core.

MCQ 117. Is there a crosswalk available for mapping between qualified Dublin Core and MODS?

A) Yes, the Library of Congress provides crosswalks for mapping between qualified Dublin Core and MODS

B) No, there are no crosswalks available for mapping between qualified Dublin Core and MODS

C) Crosswalks are available, but they are not provided by the Library of Congress

D) The need for a crosswalk between qualified Dublin Core and MODS has not been identified

Answer: B) No, there are no crosswalks available for mapping between qualified Dublin Core and MODS

Explanation: No crosswalks are available for mapping between qualified Dublin Core and MODS.