Oda Tye Ihe concept of one health has gained high attention in re- cent years. The incidents of the spread of new zoonotic diseases lke Bird Flu, Swine Flu, ete. trom and through animals has highlighted the point that the health of animals cannot be seen in isolation from the health of human beings. The interface of humans and animals has increased because of the expan- sion of humans to wider geographies. ‘The consumption of animal-based food has increased in the last two decades. ‘The livestock as integral farming has creased to meet the demand, The move- ment of humans, animals, and animal products has increased because of more interational travel. The whole earth's The livestock population in India has increased by 4.6%, from 512 million in 2012 to nearly 536 million in 2019 and ithas outpaced the growth of veterinary services Peay ary Seen Da ay Caney ONE HEALTH CONCEPT: KEY TO SUSTAINABLE TRANSFORMATION One Health is an intersection of human health, animal health & environmental health Source ~ Artic, Science Direct, Crop protection practices and viral zoonctic risks within 2 One Heath framework ‘ecosystem is changing because of un- controlled land use, deforestation, and intensive farming practices. The animal habitats are infitrated by humans and this opened new opportunities for dis~ ‘eases to pass to animals or from animals to humans. The various initiatives by all stakeholders in animal welfare should take cognizance of supporting animal health by striking a balance following the (One Health Approach. Today industry studies indicate signif cant gap in terms of animal healthcare i frastructure and veterinary doctors, para vets, and skilled manpower. Though the central and state government has under- taken animal healthcare on priority and set up the infrastructure at a different level, the participation from the private players is very minimal. AGRICULTURE TODAY ‘August 2023,Country wise adequacy of Veterinary Services in South Asia ‘ant Ona SUR: O1 22ers or cle gw 3.28 millon se nethepineindin coin Source - Vet Hetpine India ‘The livestock population in India has, Increased by 4.6%, from 512 million in 2012 to nearly 536 milion in 2019 and it has outpaced the growth of veterinary services. In India, though veterinary service is predominantly public service and free, the availability and access in most rural areas are poor. In many areas, farmers in the actual sense are paying for what is termed as free or subsidized service Animal healthcare infrastructure eur Particulars: Veterinary Hospitals /Poly Ciinics Veterinary Dispensaries Veterinary Aid Centres (Stockmen Centres! Mobile Dispensaries) Total No. of Al Centres ‘AH Department Others No. of Gaushalas ‘AH Department Others No. of Registered Vet Practitioners* as on 31.03.2013 Source : answer against query in Rajya Sabha Answer against query in Rajya Sabha ‘August 2023 | AGRICULTURE TODAY India re eee eT ne) Footprint (Nos) 12,076 25,571 28,168 65815 101770 57200 44570 115 5840 63,228 Na STS Looking at the current scenario of animal welfare, the lack of infrastructure and trained manpower in animal health care, an integrated approach is critical to achieve sustainable animal healthcare in the country that 10 is limited tothe prevention of ma- jor diseases. There is a shortage of vet- ferinary doctors and para-vels and India is ranked th among major South Asian Countries in terms of no. of personnel per Sq, Km, In 2015, the USA reported to World (Organization for Animal Health (OIE) a total of 87,009 veterinarians out of which 75,593 (86.9%) are private veternar ians. in contrast, during the same year, India reported 70, 767 veterinarians out ‘of which only 3.116 (4.4%) are private veterinarians. n the above statistics, the veterinarians in academics and taining institutions which are 6,800 and 2,18 for USA and India respectively as public vet- erinarians were also considered Manpower Deficit ‘The low percentage of private veterinar- ans is a concem. There is significant vari- ation in the availabilty of the veterinarian across the stales. Most of the velerinar- ians are in few states like Rajasthan, Ut- tar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, etc. which is obvious as the livestock popula- tion is also concentrated in these states. ‘There is also a definite gap between the requirement of skilled and trained manpower in animal healthcare vis-2- vis the number of trained professionals passing out from different institutions. This gap is widening every year and. varies among different states. Integrated Approach to Sustainable Animal Health Looking at the current scenario of ani- 53Na Tye Demand Supply gap in trained veterinary manpower Eva) Pe Uttar Pradesh 4,979 11,633 Haryana 1490 (2,456 Punjab 1,396 1,330 Jammu and Kashmir oe ate Gujarat 2842 © 4,491 TamilNadu 2,984 4,938 West Bengal 3,768 7,121 Gap (6.654) 5,763 12,788 (7,025) (966) 1,927 2,925 (998) 661,524 1,264 260 (457) 1,127, 1,588 (461) (1,694) 3,099 4,995 (1,898) (1,954) 3,693 7,242 (3,549) (3,963) 4078 8,218 (4,140) Source ~ A quantitative analysis ofthe supply and demandof veterinary manpower in india: Implications for policy decisions PV.K. Sasidhar& P Gopal Reddy mal welfare, the lack of infrastructure and trained manpower in animal health care, an integrated approach is critical 10 achieve sustainable animal healthcare in the country. Sustainabilly could be achieved by synchronizing infrastructure led interven- tions comprising Animal Shelter, Vet- cerinary Hospital, and Skil Academy with advocacy led interventions comprising knowledge transfer, policy enablement & ‘und infusion. Infrastructure Led Interventions The inirastructure comprising three com. ponents viz., animal shelter, veterinary hospital and skill academy could be de- veloped by various states for meeting the welfare needs of different kinds of ani- mals. While the animal shelter could ad- dress the needs of stray & diseased ani- mals, veterinary hospital could provide for requisite clinical care and diagnostics for disease detection. The provision of am- bbulances and rescue vans could enable wider service coverage area. The tain ing center could be developed for training the Vets, Para vets, animal handlers. The infrastructure of veterinary institutions could also be utilized for training purpos- es by entering into service-based con- tracts with the selected training partners. Advocacy Led Interventions There is a critical need to make people aware of animal cruelty which could be accomplished through advocacy led interventions. The advocacy approach could bring stakeholders together in forg- ing parinerships for spreading awareness ‘on animal care and welfare. Focused programs and campaigns could be or- ganized by the program proponents to ovelop stil, attude, and values for ani- mal care. The support of the Government and NGOs working in animal welfare to dive policy level changes would be critical to implement PCA and to ensure implemen- tation of animal rights and prevention of animal cruelty. The skill academy could periodically review the changes and ‘modifications on animal acts and submit observations to govemment for taking necessary action and amendments. To ensure sustainabilty, funding wil be re- quired from various sources for the wel fare-oriented components. which could be raised through campaigns supporting the cause of animal wellare by he stake- holders participating in the eco-system. The integrated approach to sustain- able animal health will recognize that the health of animals is clasely connected to the health of people and our shared ervi- ronment and will enable strike a balance to accomplish One Health objectives. Integrated approach to sustainable animal health owls shane pt enn rm ‘eaten POs ae | eee eae arenas =. SS ete ‘Source “KPMG 54 AGRICULTURE TODAY | August 2023