Herbert Puchta & Jeff Stranks STi R Glam Une itm Roly en CCM LLale! Second edition Student's Book 3 a CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESSemmne Sees ast simple vs. present perfec simple ets} Past simple vs. past continuous review ‘Time conjunctions as / then / Past simple vs. past perfect simple eee aed Present perfect simple vs. continuous had better / should / ought 10 Future predictions Fist condicnal review: fand unless make / et / be allowed to Modal verbs of obligation, probbitton bend permision| Preset passve and past passive review Present perfect passive Future passive Causatie have have something done) (Gerunds and infiniives Second conditional review sh / ony for present situations Linkers of contrast however /aithough 7 eventhough / in site of despite Modal verbs of deduction [present Mad verbs of deduction (nas) Indirect questions Reported speech review Reported questions Reporting verbs ‘Third condtiona 1 wish / ony for past stations should / shouldnt have (dane) eee arenes Non defining ettive clauses Defining vs. non-defning eave causes Definite indefinite and zero article es bewsed ro Pasa verbs Vocabulary ody language sey dell ‘Vocabulary bank: eoliocations with tall and speak Friends and enemies Everyday English Vocabulary bank finds Fields of work Jobs and work ‘Time conunetions:inless/when/untii/ 25 s00n 8 Verbs with prepositions ‘ocabulay bank verb» preposition combinations vith for/obout Television Extreme adectves and mocifiers Vocabulary bank: extreme adjectives make ae do Everyday English Vocabulary banks expressions with make Noun suffixes Vocabulary bank noun suffice ihy/-ment/-ness/ sion/ation comes crime verbs Vocabulry bank: crime Problems Vocabulary bank: problems Pasa verbs feryday English Vocabulary Bank: phrasal verbs up/into/down, Appearance Personality Relationships Angee Vocabolary bank: anger Adjectives with prefives Phrasal verbe with though ‘Vocabulary bale acectves with negative prefies Expressions with eet Everyday English Vocabulary bank: expressions with fel Pronunciation + Vocabulary bank + Getit Right! + Projects © Speoking®D + Freglar verbs and phonetics Goer Sentence stress Linking sounds eu short Prepositions A’ olowed Sires pattern in hove something done Word sess with and ifony Jo though rovein must hove / nigh have / can'thave / couldn'hove Intonation in reported questions should / shoulder have Paurng in non-defning relative causes ‘Stress in plvasalvebs‘Taling about impressive tings youbave done Using body language Using expressions with ay and rll Discussing anal commaication Predicting nd etling story Discussing loyalty Last but not least discussing meeting new people and making frends Conversations with How long.? Giving advice Jab interview roleplay Tag about wor makes eel ve ge Onesingsrertlststers Cie bot nt nt dsc are predictions Tallng about reality TV and fare “aling about rules at home Describing ims, holidays. books and webstes Taking about what wil happen inthe future {ast but not lease: cussing proposals to changes your town Finding out how wel youknow your partner Taking about computer games Talking about tling les Talking about ually situations Talking about things you wish you could change Last but aot least: discussing what you would doin ferent situations Comparing two versions ofthe same sary Talking about conspiracy theories [clare debate about strange retires Discussing photographs of mysterious places Askingindtect questions Last but not east telinga story Describing diferent people in your family “Tali about song Last bu nat least talking about mistaken denny Taling about hopes and fears Discussing happiness {ast but not least: survey about happiness tet about methods of A dscusion about body language ‘A student eteling the story of Gelert A conversation about job Aiob interview ‘radio show about lengesity Song: Live forever Arado show sbout fame | prseatation about charges in Anietervien about someone's favouite computer game ‘wo people talking about les they toid ‘radio show about teenage crime Songs ish radio show about the Loch Ness An interview about a mysterious place ‘woman talking about her favourite fl People talking about what shy regret about thelr schooldays Song: No regrets ‘Areport sbout teenagers worries aed fears People talking about their hopes snd fears street survey about happiness ‘ticle Taking without speaking Culture in Mind Talk to te animals Story: Gelert The fathful dog Quiz Are you alyal frend? Photastory: What frends are for “Teenager blog comments about work Fiction in Mind The Book af Thoughts ‘Article: Who wants olive forever? Article Eve fancied beng on TV? Clture in Mind Social networks Article: Bees dying fora phone call? Photostony isnot rally a choice “summaries of famous Engh novels Fiction ia Mind. The Water of Wanting Questionnae: Ave you an honest person? ‘text about a band story about a UFO. Culture in tind: Do they exit? Article: Mysterious Stones Photastony What do they doin thee? story A Service of love Fiction io Mind Two ves A blog ing aebice ticle What are you afraid of? ‘Citure in Mine ghost stores Anarticle about the worl’ happiest country Photostory: tough decison ‘Acompostion about ‘person youhave known fora tong tine [story about 10 people meeting A tere of aplieaton "A composition about thefutue ‘report about a class survey A foxmal eter 0.3 newspaper ‘A composton about the advancages and lsadvantages of a chosen top ‘blog comment about teenage cme Astory about ‘conspiracy theory Astony ‘A composition about person who has ‘aught you something ‘portant Astory about atime ‘when yougot angry fl review ‘poem about a perfec dayVocabulary: ages, the environment © head and tsten Read and listen to Beth's diary entry. What did she and her parents disagree about? September 12th Dear Diary Big argument with my parents tonight. T told them T want to go on a mach next weckend to support eniicormental protection ~ and whit. did they say? Did they say ‘Good for ypu, Beth? Did ty say: "Brilkant = wae vail proud oF you’? No chance. Mum said ‘A arch? But marches are wally dangerous, avert thas? And Dad said: “You've a bit young, aro you? Z ge hina may bok, ‘Dads T said ‘Tm 15. Tm not a child. can look after myself? Dad aside “I know wove 415. That makes you a teenager, dosse't if Net an adult” And he and Mum started leuching. Wg? Don't ask me. So T stood up and seid: ‘Lock. Youve heard about global Wwacrings halt you? Wall, it's happaning now. Now! Responsible adults ty to do something about problems, Wight And this is a problem! Tm a young all now ard Tm tajing to do somthing. Ok? So I'l be on the march on Saturday? Then T stood up and wakid cut of the oom. Yau Now Pw sitting heve in my bedroom. I can hear voices dowsstains. Perhaps it’s the TV, but actually Z dhink Ws my parents arging. That's sbronge ~ thay dost wsually aque. Wall not with each other ~ only with mney oF course) ‘b| Answer the questions. 1. What is the march next weekend about? 2 What did Beth want her parents to say? 3 What reason does Beth give for wanting to go on the march? 4. Why does Beth think it is strange that her parents are arguing? WELCOME SECTION, Welcome sectionjA Grammar: present simple vs. present continuous; question tags © Present simple vs. present continuous Complete the conversation. Use the correct form of the present simple or present continuous Isabelle: Hello? Jamie: Hi tsabelle its me, Jamie, Isabelle: Ob hi Jamie, Where sare... you? (be) Jamie: Im in town, Isabelle: And what ?_are you. doing...? (do) Jamie: Shopping. |? (look) for a new pair of trainers. But | cant find any good ones, Isabelle: Try that shop in Princes Street, They ‘ (cell) really cool trainers there Jamie: Which shop? Oh, yes, B (know) it. t's called Best Foot Forward, isnt it? Isabelle: That's right. My friend Alan sometimes * (work) there at weekends, Jamie: Really? Well, today’s Saturday. Perhaps he " (work) there today. Isabelle: Hmm, well, Imnot sure, But go and see, Jamie: 1° (go) there right now! Thanks for your help, Isabelle. Isabelle: No problem, Jamie! Bye!© question tags © the environment [@) Read the text and complete the puzzle. a Girclé the correct word It’s cold today, has it (Gent) 1 2. He doesn’t like me very much, does he / isn't it? 3. They'e friendly, dont they / aren't they? It’s up to all of us to look, 4 Your sister works very hard, doesn't she / Pyare MUL don't she? EDR ete Una org 5 You went away last weekend, didn't you / don't you? ) ee toss paper. Paper comes from 6 They won't come, aren't they / will they? trees, and we need to protect the 7 You can help me with this, do you / can't you? 2 forests. where trees grow. 8 She's got nice eyes, hasn't she / isn’t she? 8 7 Z 7 9 We should ask her, don't we / shouldn't we? Sanne cae plastic, When we use things more |b) Complete the conversation with the correct than once, we help to protect our ‘question tags. = aoe Gary: Steve — you like football,’ don't you. ? Steve: Well, yes ~ sort of But Im not a good player. 8 ‘Tum off taps when you aren't Why? using the water. Water is a very Gary: Well, we need another player for our team precious thing, and we shouldn't ‘tomorrow. You'll play for U5, ?..? a steve: Tomorrow? But tomorrow's Sunday, 5 ? Qdots Gary: No, it's Saturday. streets! Always put your’. Steve: Oh, Well, OK. | can play, I guess. But why in a bin, or take it home and put it don't you ask Billy Wright? He's a better player ae than Me, 4? cy bib were rate nstooyoung (May eevee ee Hean‘t ask him, ? Cars and planes produce * Steve: So? If he's a good player, his age doesn't which pollute the? ‘And ‘ 2 raat mates ‘ remember ~ that’s the air that we Gary: Well ll ask him, But we still need you anyway breathe, so we should do our best to kop it”, we need two players for tomorrow! cl Listen and check your answers. © Describing someone's age 1 P ‘Add the vowels to complete the words. a[F [Olr Je |s [ts ‘Then number the boxes from 1 (the youngest) aL to 6 (the oldest). a L 4 teenager s| iu [J] _¢_tt ‘ T [ ? le 8 ° ° N Listen and check your answers. Cm WELCOME SECTION. 5Welcome/sectionB % Vocabulary: music, medicine and health © pead and listen fa) Read and listen to the messages. Why is it important for Andy that Nadia plays on Saturday? Andy, I don't think I'll be able to play on Saturday night - sorry. ‘Nadia [FA] wihat271 why not, Nadia? we need you. It's an important night and we can’t get another trumpet player before then. And Tim in bed with @ cold and a temperature. No way can I play the trumpet right now. Nadia wt it’s only Wednesday. Surely you'll be er on Saturday? andy Perhaps, but I can't practise at the ‘moment, obviously. My throat hurts too much. So I've decided to stay in bed. Na Well are you doing anything about your cold? Are you taking any medicine? Perhaps your doctor can give you an injection. Andy Hey Andy, thanks for the understanding. Ym ill here! I don’t enjoy having 2 temperature, you know. I can't stand lying here and doing nothing! Nadia ‘Ok, sorry ~ but you have to play on Saturday. Some people from a recording company are coming. They're looking for new jazz bands like us. It's our big chance! ‘Andy What? Really? Nadia Yes, really. If they think we're good ‘enough, they might offer us a record deal! Andy OK, T promise to try. I'll do everything can to get better. I hate being ill and I don’t want to let you down. I'm going to get better! Let's chat again tomorrow. Nadia Ok Thanks alot. Get wel soon, 1 mean handy TD) 6 | wercomesecron Grammar: ways of talking about the future; gerund vs. infinitive rno one in the band can learn to play the trumpet in three days! ‘Andy Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the false statements. 1. Nadia is the trumpet player in aband, r 2. There are two days to go before the band plays. 3 Nadia’s got @ sore throat, 4 Nadia thinks Andy is being very understanding, 5 Arecord company wants new jazz bands. Ways of talking about the future Look at the pictures and Gircle) the correct words. 1 welll have / Were havinga party next Saturday — do you want to come? 2 The sky's getting darker — | think it's raining / it’s going to rain. 3. It's possible that in $0 years there won't be / aren't going to be any tigers in the world,4 I won't study / I'm not going to study medicine —I want to be an actor now. 5 {Wve got an appointment with the doctor — I'm seeing / V'll see her at 10 oclock tomorrow. 6 Thanks Annie, I'l give / fm giving t back to you tomorrow ~ promise! ‘b| Complete the sentences with the correct future form, Use the word at the end to help you. For arrangement use present continuous; for prediction use will won't; for intention use going to. 1 Tye got a date with Phil tonight l/m meeting (meet) him at 8 o'clock. arrangement 2. Ie missed my bus, so! (walk) home. intention 3 In 2099, it (be) impossible to tell the difference between people and robots. prediction 4 I think someone (break) the 100m running record at the next Olympics. prediction 5 Myparents (visit) my uncle and aunt next weekend. arrangement 6 My friend Megan _{study) languages at university when she leaves school. intention 7 My parents {not give) me a new computer for my birthday ~ no way! prediction 8 Sorry, | can't meet you this afternoon ~ | (play) squash with Joe. arrangement 9. OK, I've finished my homework - now | (watch) some TV. intention © erund vs. infinitive cle) the correct words. 1 My sister hatesGpeaking)/ to speak foreign languages 2 My friend Tom’ really kind, He enjoys to help / helping other people with their problems. 3. The homework was really difficult, so my mum offered helping / to help me. 4. I can't stand washing / to wash ey hail 5. Wemissed the train, so we decided 10 wait / waiting for the next one. 6 Mum’ cari really dirty, so we've promised washing / to wash it for her tomorrow 7 fimo ina hurry, so don't mind to wait / waiting for another fifteen minutes. 8 My holiday in the USA was great Iearmed to play / playing American football! Medicine and health Complete the sentences with the words in the box. There are two words you will not use, epidemic pain hurt temperature patient ambulance surgeon cold sore injection 1. There's been a bad accident. Please send an ambulance , quickly! 2. Be careful, or youll fall off your bike and yourself 3. [feel awful ~ I've got a of 39°1 4 Doctor, I've got a really bad in my shoulder. 5 The dentist gave me an sand \ didn't feel anything after that. 6 Can | see Doctor Smith please? Ima my name is Gore. 7 (can't really speak right now ~ my throat's very so I don't want total, 8 My aunt's going to have an operation next week, but the says everything will be OK. weicome section | 7 iWelcome seccionic Grammar: Present perfect with for and since; comparatives and superlatives Vocabulary: British English vs. American English, homes ©) read and tisten [@) Read and listen to the interview with Pietro, an Italian student, Match the questions with the answers. Write A-E in the boxes. VV tg wu think 1L__-Since the beginning of the Yes — quite a few. The ‘A Do you miss your family ‘summer. P've just finished an English T learned in Italy was and friends? English course to prepare for my mostly American English ~ so B Is there anything about Proficiency exam. My speaking’s when a guy here asked me one England that surprises you? ‘good, but Thave to work hardon day if wanted a lit home, © How long have you been ‘my reading and writing! Twas a bit confused! I mean, here, Pietro? 2____Yes, of course I do. But some 1 Koo tat in Brish low long do you thi people have come to visit me nglsh is what the Americans ° you eee vows Actually, my mother is visiting me _ call an elevator ~ but I didn't right now. She's been here for two know that ‘a lift” can also E Have you had problems ‘weeks. Ithink she's making sure‘ mean’‘a ride’. And the accent with the language? that Pm eating properly! herel It's cool— but it’s the 3__Well, yes, one thing. I's strangest thing P've ever ‘amazing how important houses heard, too! ‘and homes are to British people! 5.1 don’t know. I haven't really My host family fives in a semi- thought about i. Six months? b Listen and check your answers. detached house with a garden at year? Maybe if Tike it, the back, and they spend all their _never leave! Well, no, that’s time and money on the house another joke ~ I mean, one or the garden. At the weekend, day Pl go home to Italy, 'm everyone near here cuts the grass Sure ofthat. But only after I've in their garden, Its incredible! passed the Proficiency exam! @ Present perfect simple with for and since For each sentence below, two endings are possible and one is not. (b) Write questions Cross out the ending that is not possible. with How long ..? —— —— . 1 you / know 1. My life has changed moretharamionth: went to Spain, met her your best friend? a 2 you / lke your 2 havent seen him for. two weeks along tine. Iwas bom. x » __ twas favourite band? Iwehad this photo thefirsttimelsaw you, thellastsit weeks.» years. 3 you/ livein 1 for - | your house? 4, We haven't spoken {as long as | can remember. ; Frankie's party. last Friday. zm ne rors [fC] Aska partner mt : your questions 5 We've lived here for. over fifteen years. most of my life. j 1998. from Exercise 2b. 6 Ive loved sport since... thefirsttime| played a long time, 1 was a child football | a WELCOME SECTION©) comparatives and superlatives Complete the text. Write the correct form of the adjective in brackets, and add any extra words needed. Paris or London? A lot of British people love Paris, and a lot of French people love London. We asked people who know both cities to give us their opinion. Jean-Pierre: Amy: Tlove both places, but [think Forme, there's no question - London Parisisalot!more beautiful isthe? {great city in the (beautiful) than London, And world. 'mean, Paris is lovely, the ‘ofcourse the weather isalot people there are great - but Paris isn't (good)inParis _(esciting) as London. Alan: Wow, that’s a hard question. Francoise: love both places. I don't prefer Paris -sorry, but it’s true! It yhink Paris is* the? (peautifuljeity inthe (attractive) as London but world, and they have the, London is just” (004) food in the world there, too. (interesting) as Paris. And Tdon't think London is? thetwo cities are Cnteresting) as Paris I mean, for (expensive) as each other, 0 things Ike shops and museums and t's hard to choose. But in the history, Paris wins every time, cond .. yes, Paris, I guess, ©) pritish vs. american english ‘Add the vowels to complete the American English words. Then match them with the British English words. British English ‘American English 1 biscuits flat football lft lomry pavement rubbish sweets trousers 10 underground i) rock © Homes | Look at the picture and complete the text. {ive in a block of "oo flats Our place is con the first — lim happy about that, because if ‘the lift isn’t working, can walk up the? Our place is allright, but | really like my grandparents’ place ~ it's at house, with lots of space around it, and they've got a big : big enough for two cars. There's a ‘ at the back, with grass anda tree and flowers, and a wooden all the way round it It's really nice ~ but unfortunately, my grandparents have got a" ‘that they use when they go on holiday, and they keep it in the garden — it looks really ugly! Listen and check your answers. WELCOME SECTIONed oN TE PTS Alenia san ati) Grammar: used to; mustn't vs. don't have to Vocabulary: Information technology, noun suffixes © read and usten a Read and listen to the article. What is ‘it’ in the headline? It’s legal — but is it right? ‘When peoplewanted to find their way to a place in the past, they used to have to buy a map. They don't have to do that any more, Now they can either buy a GPS, or go online and find maps for just about anywhere. Is this an improvement? Perhaps, but some people think some of the online companies are going too fat, because they have been sending out cars with photographicequipmenton theirroofs,to photograph, every street and house in the country. ‘One of these cars arrived on a Wednesday morning in the quiet English village of Broughton. The camera ‘was on a metre-high pole on top of the car and could see over walls and into peoples gardens. Some of the villagers came and stood around the car, and asked the driver and photographer to go away. Journalists quickly arrived on the scene, and soon the event was news all over the country. Of course, the online company in question claims that it is simply collecting information that people on the internet want. But Broughton residents feel differently. ‘We used to have privacy in this country — now companies just come and take photographs of our homes without even asking’ said one resident. ‘Its not right. We mustn't let this happen. We mustn't lose our right to live privately? ‘There is, of course, no law to prevent people from taking photographs of houses, so the residents cannot go to court, But many people are asking the question: “OK, it’s legal, but is it right?” This is a question that won't go away very [D) Read the article again. Answer the questions. 1. What did people do in the past to find their way to places? 2. What do people do now to find their way to places? 3 Why do some people think online companies are going too far? 4 What did the villagers of Broughton want the driver and photographer to do? Who else appeared in the village? 6 Why was one resident of Broughton not happy about the photographs? 7 Why can't the people who live in the village go to court? © used to Complete the sentences. Use the present simple for one verb, and the correct form of used to with the other verb. bexd gox3 like x2 read sell smoke think work x2 want wal 1 Lused to walk, to school when | was a kid, but now I. go... by bike. 2. My father ina bank, but now he... for a car hire company. 3 That shop. terrible, but two years ago it really nice things. 4 We to Spain for our holidays now, but we going to Italy 81 a good singer any more, but |._--—-.-.= the best singer in my school. 6 Mymum that magazine every week, but now she its boring, 71 living in a flat, But now Ireally to live in a house. 8 People in restaurants in Britain, but now they... outside to smoke.©) mustn't vs. don’t have to Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. We mustn't be Youmustn't play Yeusnusta'teat You don't have to eat We don't have tobe You don't have to play 1 This isa library You mustn't eatin here. 6 nervous don't want to Tits only a test. ©) information © noun suffixes technology Write the correct form of the word in brackets. Complete the nouns and 1 Did you get an invitation to Sarah's party next weel? (invite) verbs with the words from 2. The best thing about swimming is that you don't need the box. much (equip) 3 She work local news she's a. oman ae for the loc spaper — she’ cane stick lead pad slot on load work 4. Sorry, there are no tickets left ~ but try again tomorrow, we might get a (cancel) 1 akeyboord 5 You can only eat in that restaurant if you make @ 2 ac about two weeks before. (reserve) 3. amemory 6 He's still quite ill, but the doctors think there'll be some 4 todown, soon. (improve) 5 tolog 7 My brother works asa ina hotel in London, , (reception) a pass yon 8 He studied hotel at university. (manage) ° 9 He hopes that one day hell be the of a hotel 8 anet somewhere. (manage) 9 atouch 10 don't watch football on TV any more — 1 ust don't think wo ass it's very good (entertain) weconesecron [0 [iDT Cee @ speak and uisten @] Work with a partner. Think about the three methods of communication you use the most. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each one. [Bb] [Listen to someone talking about methods of communication. ‘Which of the following are NOT mentioned? body language braille phone calls sign language telepathy Morse code [€] Which of the methods of ‘communication in Exercise Tb do you think is most effective? Discuss your ideas with your partner. Read and listen Discuss these questions. a 1 Do you know anyone who has a twin brother or sister? 2 Do you think twins have any special ways of communicating? | Read the article quickly and answer these questions 1 What methods of communication between twins are mentioned? 2 What happens to some twins when their brother or sister has a bad experience? || 2 | um Past simple vs. present perfect simple Vocabulary: body language, say and tell "maki * Parents of twins often say theie children are a little unusual or abit special, But according to 16-year-old twin Gerald Scott, there are ways in which some sets of twins are quite amazing. “My twin, Owen, and I have had a very special bond since we were born, When we were very small, we had our own language, Our mum says we used to talk to each other using our own special language. ‘We knew what we were saying but nobody else understood. Even our mother didn’t understand us! As we've got older, we've started using, telepathy to communicate. Sometimes we don't need to speak at all; "© we just use our minds. We can somehow send messages to each other leven when we aren't in the same place. I know it sounds weird, but Tve always known if Owen was in trouble. Once he had a bad fall in rugby ~ he broke his leg and when it happened, I got this terrible pain in my le '5 Although it sounds strange, telepathy between twins isn't so unusual. ‘There has been a lot of research that has proved that some twins have this ability. One experiment involved eight-year-old Richard Powles and his twin, Damien, First, they were put in separate, sound-proof rooms, and Damien was wired up to a machine that measured his responses. 2» Richard was then asked to put his arm into freezing cold water. At the exact moment he put his arm into the water, Damien's responses went wild, And itwas the same whenever anything scary or surprising happened to Richard ~ his brother in the other room reacted too. ‘There have been cases between celebrity twins too. Actor Ashley 2 Olsen tells us that, even when they are far apart, she knows when her twin sister, Mary-Kate, is going through a difficult time or when she isn't happy. So, maybe it’s true ~ maybe some twins don’t need words at all to speak to each other. fe] 9 Read the article again and listen. Mark the statements T (true) or F (false). Correct the false statements. 1. Only their mother could understand Gerald and Owen's special language when they were small 2 Gerald and Owen can communicate even if they are in different places 3 According to the text, itis rare to hear of telepathy between twins 4 Damien wasn't able to see Richard or hear anything he said during the experiment, 5 Ashley Olsen has experienced telepathic communication with her twin.% Time expressions Discussion box G] Complete the rule. Write past simple or present 1 Lots of people think | telepathy is not possible. What’s your view? 2 What would be good (or not so good) about being telepathic? 3 What new ways might we use to communicate with each other in the future? Grammar perfect simple. RULE: We use the... with expressions such as last week, a year ago, in June, yesterday (referring to time completely in the past) We often use the with for and since (the period of time is from the past to now} We usually use the with just, already and yet (words that have a link with now). We often use the with ever and never (ceferring to any time up to now} ¥ Past simple vs. present @] Complete the text. Use the correct form of the past perfect simple Look at the examples from the text. Which of the sentences are in the past simple, and which are in the present perfect simple? Owen and I have had a special bond between us since we were born. (Once he had a bad fall in rugby. ‘One experiment involved eight-year-old Richard Powles and his twin, Damien There have been cases between celebrity twins too. Find other examples in the text. Underline examples in the past simple. simple or the present perfect simple. Petra Dawes! left (leave) school six months ago. But she? (cot go) straight on to university after the holidays like a lot of her schoolmates. In September she s {do) something she had wanted to do for some time, She 4 (take) a gap year. Since then, she * (travel) to three different countries and (spend) between two and four weeks in each cone. She? {not learn) three new languages though, because all the countries are French-speaking! But she® (start) to learn some italian, because Italy is her next stop ~ and she can't wait! 1” always (want) to see italy. t's a country 1 never (visit) so Im incredibly excited about it! clé) examples in the © present perfect simple. Speak Complete the rule. Write past simple or present perfect simple. RULE: We use the to talk about events in the past which are separate from now (the moment of speaking) We use the... connect the past and now (the moment of speaking) He broke his leg and when it happened, | got this terrible pain in my leg. — +, _~. Owen and | have hada special bond between us since we were born, Imagine you've just done something really impressive. Tell a partner. Your partner quickly invents something that he or she did before that was even more impressive Think about pop stars, famous actors, extreme sports, exciting travel destinations, etc. A: I've just met Jay-Z. 8: Oh, really? He invited me to a gig last year, but© Uustening and vocabulary Listen to Oliver and Francesca % Body language doing a quiz about body language. Circle) the correct answer a, b or. @] (7S) Match the words with the pictures. Then listen, check and repeat. 1. Everyone uses body language: intentionally. 1 make eye contact 2. fold your arms b without knowing it 3 lean forward 4 sit back ‘¢ when they want to read someone's mind. 5 avoid eye contact 6 gesture 2. Francesca thinks that when people fold 7 raise your eyebrows 8 look nervous their arms, they are feeling: 9 givesomeonea warm 10 nod your head a happy. smile b bored. @. “ @®« defensive. 3 Oliver says that arm folding can also be a sign of a feeling cold. b being annoyed. © wanting to protect somebody. 4 Oliver is surprised: 4 a that 90% of communication is done through body language. b_ that body language isn't more reliable. that speaking is as important as body language. 5. Mirroring is a sign that: ~ J) a youare boring people. b- someone likes you. € someone thinks they are similar to you 6 The eyebrow flash is: a something that people choose to do, b something you can only do when smiling ¢ i © @ ¢ done all over the world. © sneak a] Work with a partner. Student A: Choose one of the topics in the box. Talk to your partner about it for one minute. Student B: Use body language to show that you are a good listener. Swap roles. something you bought recently an interesting film your favourite place your plans for next weekend [bb] Now do the same thing with the other . two topics, but this time be a bad listener. [B] Work with a partner. Tick (7) the things in Exercise Sa that help communication [©] What difference did your body language and cross (X) the ones that do not help make to communication? communication. | 4 | unr© vocabutary % say and tell | Complete the sentences from the conversation in Exercise 5c. Use the correct form of say or tell, 1. Someone's body language _tells._ you how they are feeling. 2 When someone crosses their arms, it Us they want to protect themselves. 3. About 90 percent of what we isn't spoken. We communicate a lot through our body language. 4 Can you me what it means? 5A: What automatic gesture do people do when they meet someone they like? B: Well, 'd ‘they smile 6 The quiz ‘we do the ‘eyebrow flash’ when we see someone we like 1b] Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of say and the words in the box. itoutloud thankyou sorry itagain goodbye 1. Don't leave until you have said goodbye When someone has done something for you, you should ‘When you have hurt someone, you can make it better by When you say what you're thinking so that people can hear, you 2 3 4 5 If someone didn't hear you, it helps to ‘Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of tell and the words in the box. alie ajoke asecret thetruth off the difference 1 Myfriend told... me a joke. yesterday ~ it was very funny, but now | car't remember it One day when I was little, 1 my parents and they were very angry. Can you between an American accent and a British accent? 2 3 4. My teacher was so angry with me. She really me 5 He says he’s won medals for tennis, but I don't think he's 6 I'm going to you Do you promise not to tell anyone else? CTT Turn to page 12. Turn to page 118. page page © speak Work with a partner. Student A: Complete the questions with say or tell. Then ask your partner the questions. Student B: Turn to page 126. 1 Did your parents always make you ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ when you were younger? 2. How many times have you ‘love you? > canyou me fry joke? 4 Can you what you did on your last three birthdays? 5 When was the last time you... allie, and what was it? © pronunciation % Sentence stress Tum to page M0. unity | 15 Ez6 Culture in mind Read and listen | Before reading the text, think about two methods of communication that animals use. D] Read the text quickly to see if any of your ideas are mentioned. Only humans speak using words. But all species in Ree Cote ote ecg or another. Maybe you have heard about the way bees dance around to send messages to each other Sa ce Cece ad Dee eer goa Ts Zt Sa ae Pees sme ere Cee eee eee eed eee sa tt es ee ro Cente aeons and hippos can hear much lower sounds than humans Pee net tc cea Peat ey ee ne ne Per eee Unc enc eg ac ee eter eee Peo ae er nee Lemar ee ee eer eect cca sand trees have no effect on it. Therefore it can travel much further: Elephants can hear Pree eet te eter eee ee Per Ce oer Pee gr eee kerr usa) eer call from a long way away, but the people hear a sound. In pl park where you can get nearer to animals, itis Pee eed Pee een? See eee eer teres og Semen ee een ees Sete era cus Pee eee eee Cee teed Read the text again and listen. Circle the correct answer, a,b or ¢ 1 The writer mentions bees and dogs because they want to lea how they communicate b_ as examples of animal communication. because they use infrasonic communication. 2 Humans can hear a lower sounds than elephants can. b sounds that travel long distances. € sounds with higher pitch UNIT? Things lke trees cause problems for low sounds. b cause problems for high sounds. © don't affect sounds at al In places like 2008 a humans can sense when infrasonic sounds are being made. bb elephants don't need to make infrasonic sounds. itis easier than in wildlife parks to sense when elephants use infrasonic soundsa Match the words from the text with their meaning, 1 animal kingdom all the living creatures in the world ball living creatures that can communicate 2 warning a afriendly greeting b amessage about danger 5 range a. the limits between which something is possible the inside of something 6 pitch a the time a sound lasts b the level of a sound 3 bass 7 charge off avery low a move away slowly b very high b runaway quickly 4 cumble 8 notice a tomake long, low sounds a think about b_ tomove quickly and noisily b sense Use the words from Exercise 10d to complete the sentences. 1 Ican‘t believe you didn’t... 4 that the alarm bell rang, 2. Elephants give a toother 5 elephants if they are in danger of attack. 3. Kids can choose from a wide .. of activities at this school — ballet, guitar, etc. Speak Discuss these questions in small groups. He was so angry that he without saying goodbye. ‘Animals aren't the only members of the co Humans are too! 6 can't hear the elephants. The __ i too low for my ears 1 Why is it important for animals to be able to communicate? 2. What difference would it make to the world if animals were able to speak our language? write Read Kylie’s composition about a person she has known for a long time, Do they see each other now? f rarer n eet) have known my friend Rebecca for a long time, We first ‘met at a friend’s birthday party five years ago. We found ut that we both liked techno and Green Day, 80 linvited Rebecca over to my place. We listened to music together ‘and soon became best friends. Kylie uses two tenses in her composition. Which are they? Underline them in different colours. Three years ago, Rebecca's parents invited me to go on holiday with them! It was great. We spent three wonderful, weeks in alittle cottage in Ireland. Rebecca and | loved walking along the beautiful beach. We took a lot of photos Think of a person you have known for a long time. Write about when you first met ‘and had a lot of fun, them and about some things ‘Two years ago | spent a week in hospital and Rebecca came you did together. Use Kylie's ta see me every day But then ast year, Rebecca’ father composition to help you. changed his jab, and they moved to another town. Since then Write 120-150 words. we haven't seen each other very much, but we've talked on, the phone and we've written emails to each other re yer)A true Friend Past simple vs. past continuous review Time conjunctions Past simple vs. past perfect simple Vocabulary: friends and enemies @ speak and read How many stories, films, TV programmes or cartoons do you know that involve dogs or other animals? Match the phrases with the pictures. Write 1-5 in the boxes. ‘A dog watching over a cot Ahorse galloping A dog whimpering Someone swinging a sword. A dog greeting his master ©) Work with a partner. Look at the pictures again and put them in order to tell the first part of a story. d Read and listen to the story. Check your ideas from Exercise 1c. Back home, his newborn son was sleeping as Gelert, his faithful dog, ‘watched over him. While the Prince and his men were riding through "the forest, they heard loud barking coming from the direction of the house, The Prince had a terrible feeling. He turned his horse around and galloped quickly home, ‘When Prince Llewellyn walked through the door, Gelert was waiting for As soon as he saw his master, the dog jumped up to greet him with. 1 huge smile on his face. The Prince looked at Gelert. Something wasn’t right. When he looked closer he saw blood dripping from the dogs mouth and fur. Llewellyn ran into his son’s bedroom. The cot was empty. The What do you think white sheets were covered in blood. The Prince didn’t think twice. He happened next? took his sword and swung it at the dog. Gelert looked at his master as if he How do you think didn't understand. Then with a final whimper, he lay down and died. the story ends?© Grammar % Past simple vs. past continuous review Look at these two sentences from the story. Which verbs are in the past simple? Which verbs are in the past continuous? While the Prince and his men were riding through the forest, they heard loud barking coming from the direction of the house. When Prince Llewellyn walked through the door, Gelert was waiting for hirn. Complete the rule. Write past simple, past continuous, when, and while. RULE: We use the for an action that happened at one moment in the past. We often use with this tense, We use the for a background action or description in the past. We often use with this tense. ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs. 1 My brother was climbing. a tree when he fell. and broke his leg, (climb, fall 2 When my parents home, we a DVD. (come, watch) 3 Jordan. while my sister — some homework (phone, do} 4 While! tennis, a ball me in the eye. (play, hit) 5 Kimberley the web when she a great new site. (surf, find) 6 While we __.on the beach, it torain. (walk, start) Time conjunctions: as / then / as soon as We often use as, then and as soon as when we are talking about the past. Look at these sentences from the story, then complete the box using the words inbold. Then Gelert lay down and died. His newborn son was sleeping as Gelert ‘watched over him, ‘As soon as he saw his master, the dog jumped Lup to greet him. = at the same time at exactly the same moment = the next moment 2] Combine the sentences to make a story, using the word in brackets. You may need to change the order of the sentence halves. 1. [left the cinema. started walking hore. (then) 1 eft the cinema, then | started walking home. 2 heard a strange noise. | was walking (while) 3 [looked up. Something hit me on the head. (a5) 4 The thing hit me. Everything went black (es soon as) 5 L was lying in a hospital bed. 1 woke up. (when) 6 [rang the bell. A nurse came to talk to ‘me. (as soon as) 7 The nurse was talking to me. fell in love with her. (while) fe] Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs. ‘Alan: Hey Dylan. | hear you played your first concert last night: How was it? Dylan: It was OK. The audience liked, (lke) it | think. But we? (have) some problerns! Alan: Really? What ? (happen)? Dylan: Well, as 1* ___(sing) the fourth song, al the lights suddenly : (go) out! ‘Alan: Oh no! What & (doe Dylan: The audience sat in the dark and | carried on singing! Alan: Wowl Well done — that was pretty you cool of you. Dylan: Oh, that was nothing. As soon as ‘the lights ” _{eomne) back on, [realised my microphone 5 (aot work}! So while the guys? (fx) the microphone, the band played on, and when it was fixed |. (start) singing again. No problem! Alan: No problem? Well, | hope all your concerts aren't like that Dylan: Yeah ~ me too! unir2 | 19 Ez© speak and read © usten Work with a partner, Retell the first part of the story of Gelert. [TET Read and listen to ‘the second part of the story. What mistake has Lieweliyn made? As Prince Llewellyn locked at his dead dog on the floor he knew that he had done something wrong. He Iooked around the room and he saw that there had been a fight. There were clothes and broken dishes on the floor. There was a lot more blood too. And then he heard the sound of {a baby crying. The noise was coming from under the cot. The Prince slowly lifted it up. There was his baby son, alive and well. On the floor behind the cot he saw the body of a dead wolf, And then the ST Listen to a girl telling the story of Gelert. Write the five things that are different from the story you read Grammar % Past simple vs. past perfect simple Look at these two sentences from the story. ‘Answer the questions. He looked around the room and he saw that there had been a fight. He organised a great ceremony to bury the dog that had saved his son's life. 1 Did the fight happen when Llewellyn looked around the room or before? 2. What happened first — Llewellyn organised the ceremony or Gelert saved the baby’s life? Find other examples of the past perfect simple in the story in Exercise 3b, and underline them. Then complete the rule. RULE: We use the __ ___to talk about an event that took place at a particular time in the past We use the when we need to-make it clear that an event took place before another past event. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. One must be in the past perfect simple. 1 When Mike train 2 The programme at the station, the (arrive, leave) when Tessa ‘on the TV. finish, turn) home, the dog __ their steak (get, eat) 3. When they 4 Everybody home when they _____-10 the party. (go, get) UNT2 Prince realised. Gelert hadn't killed his son — he had hidden the baby and killed the wolf. Prince Llewellyn was heartbroken. He ‘organised a great ceremony to bury the dog that had saved his son's life. He visited the grave every day until he died. ‘Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Hidesaburé Ueno was a professor at the University of Tokyo. Every moming his faithful dog Hachiks '____said____ (say) goodbye to his master at the front door and every evening the dog? (go) to Shibuya Station to welcome his master home. (One day Professor Ueno» return) on the usual train. He * (have) a heart attack at work and died __ {pot Friends of the Professor®___ (take) the dog to their house to look after him. (On the first day when they * {arrive} home from work they ” {find} Hachiko was missing. He ® (escape) and gone to the station where he (meet) his master so many times. The next day and the day after that Hachiko (do) the same thing, In fact, he continued to meet his master for the next ten years until he finally died too. (GEEEEED Turn to page nis.