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(G. F. Vander Voort) Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams For Irons and Steels - ASM International (1991)
(G. F. Vander Voort) Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams For Irons and Steels - ASM International (1991)
Time-Temperature Diagrams
for Irons and Steels
Edited by
George F. Vander Voort
Carpenter Technology Corporation
Reading PA
ASM International®
Copyright © 1991
by
ASM International
All rights reserved
SAN: 204-7586
Production coordination by
Veronica Flint, ASM International
In the United States, IT diagram development progressed rapidly, mainly as a result of the
initial and continued interest in them by researchers at the United States Steel Corporation.
The US Steel collection of diagrams was republished by ASM in 1977 but has been out of
print for some time. Not all of the diagrams in the 1977 collection were made by US Steel,
however, and some CCT diagrams were included. Other American companies became involved
in the development of both IT and CCT diagrams. Notable is the work by the Climax
Molybdenum Corporation who published a number of books, articles and pamphlets, but no
overall atlas. Other countries have also produced excellent collections of IT and/or CCT
diagrams developed by their researchers; for example, the German, French and Benelux
countries all produced excellent diagrams for their steels and published compendiums. In 1980,
ASM republished CCT diagrams developed by M. Atkins of British Steel Corporation. Besides
these, many diagrams can be found scattered throughout the literature. Vanitec recently
published a collection of diagrams from all over the world of steels containing vanadium.
Besides IT and CCT diagrams, there are other time-temperature type diagrams that have never
been collected together in one place. First, there are diagrams that show transformation after
applied pressure or deformation or under natural cooling conditions. There are time-
temperature-embrittlement (TTE) diagrams dealing with temper embrittlement. There are time-
temperature-precipitation (TTP) diagrams that show the conditions, mainly isothermal, under
which various nitrides, carbides or intermetallic phases precipitate in a wide variety of steels.
There are time-temperature-sensitization (TTS) diagrams that show intergranular attack after
sensi tiza tion trea tmen ts.
This atlas brings together many of the published IT and CCT diagrams from US, British,
German, French and Benelux collections as well as previously non-collected published
diagrams. Also, besides the traditional IT and CCT diagrams, other ITs and CCTs that show
the influence of pressure or deformation have been included. For the first time, TTE, TTP
and TTS diagrams for irons and steels have been brought together in one collection. Naturally,
there are a number of ways in which these diagrams could be arranged. We have chosen to
group them by published collections, except for those diagrams that were found scattered
throughout the open literature. Because the large collections often have a unique style for
plotting (or obtaining) the data, grouping them by the collections maintains coherence and
should help the reader in interpreting the curves.
The editor would like to thank the many people who helped him gather diagrams from the
many different publications. He also acknowledges the excellent support of the ASM staff,
particularly Mrs. Veronica Flint who coordinated much of the acquisitions, all of the
permissions to republish the diagrams, and the mechanics of publication of this book. Readers
who are aware of other useful diagrams not included in this atlas are encouraged to send
copies to the editor.
ix
Type: Fe-C-Si-Cr, 28 Type: 4317, 35
Composition: Fe - 0.66% C - 0.78% Mn - 1.62% Si - 0.77% Composition: Fe - 0.17% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.87% Ni - 0.46%
Cr Cr - 0.24% Mo
Composition: Fe - 0.63% C - 0.24% Mn - 2.32% Si - 0.32% Type: 4340, 35
Cr Composition: Fe - 0.42% C - 0.78% Mn - 1.79% Ni - 0.80%
Composition: Fe - 0.61% C - 0.26% Mn - 3.80% Si - 0.32% Cr - 0.33% Mo
Cr Type: 4360, 35
Type: 9260, 28 Composition: Fe - 0.62% C - 0.64% Mn - 0.67% Si - 1.79%
Composition: Fe - 0.62% C - 0.82% Mn - 2.01% Si - 0.07% Ni - 0.60% Cr - 0.32% Mo
Cr Type: 4615, 35
Type: 9261, 29 Composition: Fe - 0.16% C - 0.63% Mn - 1.90% Ni - 0.24%
Composition: Fe - 0.62% C - 0.96% Mn - 2.01% Si - 0.16% Mo
Cr Type: 4640, 36
Type: 9262, 29 Composition: Fe - 0.36% C - 0.63% Mn - 1.84% Ni - 0.23%
Composition: Fe - 0.62% C - 0.86% Mn - 2.13% Si - 0.33% Mo
Cr Type: 4815, 36
Type: 6145, 30 Composition: Fe - 0.16% C - 0.62% Mn - 3.36% Ni - 0.19%
Composition: Fe - 0.43% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.92% Cr - 0.16% Mo
V Type: 4815 (1.0% C), 36
Type: 6150, 30 Composition: Fe - 0.97% C - 0.62% Mn - 3.36% Ni - 0.19%
Composition: Fe - 0.63% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.93% Cr - 0.18% Mo
V Type: 8620, 36
Type: Fe-C-Cr-Mo-V, 30 Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.79% Mn - 0.62% Ni - 0.66%
Composition: Fe - 0.23% C - 0.82% Mn - 1.22% Cr - 0.63% Cr - 0.19% Mo
Mo - 0.22% V Type: 8630, 37
Composition: Fe - 0.40% C - 0.78% Mn - 1.26% Cr - 0.63% Composition: Fe - 0.30% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.64% Ni - 0.66%
Mo - 0.22% V Cr - 0.21% Mo
Type: Fe-C-Cr-Mo-V, 31 Type: 8660, 37
Composition: Fe - 0.33% C - 0.84% Mn - 1.05% Cr - 1.07% Composition: Fe - 0.69% C - 0.89% Mn - 0.63% Ni - 0.64%
Mo - 0.26% V Cr - 0.22% Mo
Type: Fe-C-Mn-Ni-V, 31 Type: 8745, 37
Composition: Fe - 0.20% C - 1.44% Mn - 0.49% Ni - 0.16% Composition: Fe - 0.44% C - 0.90% Mn - 0.46% Ni - 0.64%
V Cr - 0.22% Mo
Type: Fe-C-Ni-Mo-V, 31 Type: 9420, 37
Composition: Fe - 0.26% C - 0.67% Mn - 2.20% Ni - 0.48% Composition: Fe - 0.24% C - 0.94% Mn - 0.47% Si - 0.30%
Mo - 0.09% V Ni - 0.34% Cr - 0.14% Mo
Composition: Fe - 0.24% C - 0.69% Mn - 3.36% Ni - 0.60% Type: 9440, 38
Mo - 0.09% V Composition: Fe - 0.38% C - 1.08% Mn - 0.70% Si - 0.34%
Type: Fe-C-Mn-Ni-Cr-Mo-V, 32 Ni - 0.40% Cr - 0.11% Mo - 0.030% Zr
Composition: Fe - 0.27% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.60% Ni - 0.73% Type: 9860, 38
Cr - 0.90% Mo - 0.11% V
Composition: Fe - 0.67% C - 0.82% Mn - 1.16% Ni - 1.07%
Composition: Fe - 0.26% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.69% Ni - 0.73% Cr - 0.26% Mo
Cr - 0.88% Mo - 0.23% V Type: Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo, 38
Type: 3140, 32 Composition: Fe - 0.14% C - 0.26% Mn - 2.21% Ni - 1.06%
Composition: Fe - 0.38% C - 0.72% Mn - 1.32% Ni - 0.49% Cr - 0.26% Mo
Cr
Composition: Fe - 0.13% C - 0.16% Mn - 3.08% Ni - 1.76%
Type: 3310, 32 Cr - 0.49% Mo
Composition: Fe - 0.11% C - 0.46% Mn - 3.33% Ni - 1.62% Type: Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo, 39
Cr
Composition: Fe - 0.66% C - 0.83% Mn - 1.16% Ni - 1.01%
Type: Carburized 3310 (0.4% C), 33 Cr - 0.48% Mo
Composition: Fe - 0.4% C - 0.46% Mn - 3.33% Ni - 1.62% Cr Composition: Fe - 0.61% C - 0.73% Mn - 2.74% Ni - 0.99%
Type: Carburized 3310 (0.6% C), 33 Cr - 0.46% Mo
Composition: Fe - 0.6% C - 0.45% Mn - 3.33% Ni - 1.52% Cr Type: Nitralloy, 135 Mod., 39
Type: Carburized 3310 (0.8% C), 33 Composition: Fe - 0.41% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.67% Cr - 0.36%
Composition: Fe - 0.8% C - 0.46% Mn - 3.33% Ni - 1.62% Cr Mo - 1.26% Al
Type: Carburized 3310 (1.0% C), 34 Type: 1060/10B60, 39
Composition: Fe - 1.0% C - 0.45% Mn - 3.33% Ni - 1.52% Cr Composition: Fe - 0.63% C - 0.87% Mn - none or 0.0018% B
Type: 4130, 34 Type: 4317/43BI7, 40
Composition: Fe - 0.33% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.90% Cr - 0.18% Composition: Fe - 0.17% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.87% Ni - 0.46%
Mo Cr - 0.24% Mo
Type: 4137/4140, 34 Composition: Fe - 0.14% C - 0.81% Mn - 1.81% Ni - 0.49%
Cr - 0.27% Mo - 0.0030% B
Composition: Fe - 0.37% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.98% Cr - 0.21%
Mo
Type: 4150 Mod., 34
Composition: Fe - 0.66% C - 0.60% Mn - 1.03% Cr - 0.19%
Mo - 0.36% Ni
x
Type: 4615/46BI5, 40 Type: 1021 + 1 Ni / 1021 + 1 Ni + 2 Cr, 45
Composition: Fe - 0.15% C - 0.63% Mn - 1.90% Ni - 0.24% Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.07% Ni
Mo Composition: Fe - 0.22% C - 0.77% Mn - 1.08% Ni - 1.91%
Composition: Fe - 0.16% C - 0.60% Mn - 1.92% Ni - 0.27% Cr
Mo - 0.0017% B Type: 1021 + 1 Ni / 1021 + 1 Ni + 0.25 Mo, 45
Type: 5160/51B60, 40 Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.07% Ni
Composition: Fe - 0.61% C - 0.94% Mn - 0.88% Cr Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.65% Mn - 1.09% Ni - 0.26%
Composition: Fe - 0.64% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.83% Cr - Mo
0.0006% B Type: 1021 + 1 Ni / 1021 + 1 Ni + 0.5 Mo, 45
Type: 8620/86B20, 40 Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.07% Ni
Composition: Fe - 0.23% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.59% Ni - 0.52% Composition: Fe - 0.21% C - 0.70% Mn - 1.08% Ni - 0.49%
Cr - 0.21% Mo Mo
Composition: Fe - 0.22% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.57% Ni - 0.51% Type: 1021 + 1 Ni / 1021 + 1 Ni + 0.75 si, 45
Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.0025% B Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.07% Ni
Type: 8650/86B50, 41 Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.71% Si - 1.07%
Composition: Fe - 0.50% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.60% Ni - 0.51% Ni
Cr - 0.22% Mo (0.21% Mo for 86B50 + 0.0016% B) Type: 1021 + 1 Ni / 1021 + 1 Ni + 2 Si, 46
Type: 8680/86B80, 41 Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.07% Ni
Composition: Fe - 0.79% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.58% Ni - 0.50% Composition: Fe - 0.19% C - 0.75% Mn - 2.09% Si - 1.06%
Cr - 0.21% Mo Ni
Composition: Fe - 0.78% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.59% Ni - 0.49% Type: 1030 Mod., 46
Cr - 0.21% Mo - 0.0025% B Composition: Fe - 0.27% C - 1.12% Mn
Type: 80B20, 41 Type: 4140, 46
Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.57% Mn - 0.31% Ni - 0.31%
Composition: Fe - 0.37% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.98% Cr - 0.21%
Cr - 0.15% Mo - 0.0009% B
Mo
Type: 81B40, 41 Type: Fe-C-Mo, 46
Composition: Fe - 0.43% C - 1.02% Mn - 0.31 % Ni - 0.48% Composition: Fe - 0.22% C - 0.79% Mn - 0.50% Mo
Cr - 0.13% Mo - 0.0009% B
Type: 86B45, 42 Type: 1086/1095 + 0.25% V, 47
Composition: Fe - 0.87% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.27% V
Composition: Fe - 0.45% C - 0.89% Mn - 0.59% Ni - 0.66%
Cr - 0.12% Mo - 0.0015% B Type: 52100, 47
Type: 94B17, 42 Composition: Fe - 1.02% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.20% Ni - 1.41%
Cr
Composition: Fe - 0.19% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.42% Ni - 040%
Cr - 0.12% Mo - 0.0018% B Type: Fe-C-Mo, 47
Type: 98B45, 42 Composition: Fe - 0.97% C - 1.04% Mn - 0.32% Mo
Composition: Fe - 0.46% C - 0.79% Mn - 0.91% Ni - 0.77% Type: Fe-C (Carbon), 48
Cr - 0.18% Mo - 0.0021% B Composition: Fe - 0.54% C - 0.46% Mn
Type: USS Cor-Ten Steel, 42 Composition: Fe - 0.89% C - 0.30% Mn
Composition: Fe - 0.12% C - 0.45% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.12% P Composition: Fe - 1.13% C - 0.30% Mn
- 0.31% Ni - 0.62% Cr - 0.26% Cu Type: Fe-C-Mn (Manganese), 48
Type: USS Tl Steel, 43 Composition: Fe - 0.59% C - 0.30% Mn
Composition: Fe - 0.15% C - 0.92% Mn - 0.88% Ni - 0.50% Composition: Fe - 0.54% C - 0.45% Mn
Composition: Fe - 0.50% C - 0.91% Mn
Cr - 0.46% Mo - 0.06% V - 0.32% Cu - 0.0031% B
Composition: Fe - 0.64% C - 1.13% Mn
Type: USS Strux, 43 Composition: Fe - 0.65% C - 1.32% Mn
Composition: Fe - 0.39% C - 0.89% Mn - 0.48% Si - 0.68% Type: Fe-C-Ni (Nickel), 49
Ni - 0.95% Cr - 0.50% Mo - 0.03% V - 0.002% B Composition: Fe - 0.59% C - 0.20% Mn
Type: USS Airsteel X 200, 43 Composition: Fe - 0.61% C - 0.19% Mn - 0.94% Ni
Composition: Fe - 0.44% C - 0.79% Mn - 1.63% Si - 2.10% Composition: Fe - 0.57% C - 0.17% Mn - 1.94% Ni
Cr - 0.54% Mo - 0.06% V Composition: Fe - 0.55% C - 0.17% Mn - 3.88% Ni
Type: 1021/1021 + 1 Ni, 43 Type: Fe-C-Cr (Chrominum), 49
Composition: Fe - 0.20% C - 0.81% Mn Composition: Fe - 1.13% C - 0.30% Mn
Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.07% Ni Composition: Fe - 1.17% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.26% Cr
Type: 1021 + 1 Ni / 1021 + 1 Ni + B, 44 Type: Fe-C-Cr (Chromium), 50
Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.07% Ni Composition: Fe - 0.35% C - 0.37% Mn
Composition: Fe - 0.19% C - 0.75% Mn - 1.04% Ni + Composition: Fe - 0.37% C - 0.37% Mn - 0.57% Cr
0.0021% B Composition: Fe - 0.42% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.93% Cr
Type: 1021 + Ni / 1021 + 1 Ni + Mn, 44 Composition: Fe - 0.32% C - 0.45% Mn - 1.97% Cr
Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.07% Ni Type: Fe-C-Mo (Molybdenum), 50
Composition: Fe - 0.17% C - 1.65% Mn - 1.07% Ni Composition: Fe - 0.35% C - 0.37% Mn
Type: 1021 + 1 Ni / 1021 + 1 Ni + 0.5 Cr, 44 Composition: Fe - 0.42% C - 0.20% Mn - 0.21% Mo
Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.07% Ni Composition: Fe - 0.40% C - 0.43% Mn - 0.52% Mo
Composition: Fe - 0.21% C - 0.75% Mn - 1.08% Ni - 0.48% Composition: Fe - 0.36% C - 0.17% Mn - 0.82% Mo
Cr Composition: Fe - 0.33% C - 0.41% Mn - 1.96% Mo
Type: 1021 + 1 Ni / 1021 + 1 Ni + 1 Cr, 44 Type: Fe-C-V (Vanadium), 51
Composition: Fe - 0.18% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.07% Ni Composition: Fe - 0.88% C - 0.41% Mn
Composition: Fe - 0.21% C - 0.78% Mn - 1.09% Ni - 0.99% Composition: Fe - 0.90% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.20% V
Cr
xi
Type: Fe-C-Co (Cobalt), 51 En 13 (8717), 99
Composition: Fe - 0.95% C - 0.45% Mn Composition: 0.19% C - 1.37% Mn - 0.14% Si - 0.012% S -
Composition: Fe - 0.95% C - 0.48% Mn - 0.96% Co 0.026% P - 0.56% Ni - 0.20% Cr - 0.31% Mo
Composition: Fe - 0.98% C - 0.49% Mn - 1.98% Co En 23 (3435 + Mo), 100
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.013% S -
0.018% P - 3.22% Ni - 0.63% Cr - 0.22% Mo
BRITISH EN STEELS, 55 - 114 En 25 (3430 + Mo), 100
Composition: 0.31% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.012% S -
Introduction, 55 - 94 0.018% - 2.63% Ni - 0.64% Cr - 0.58% Mo
En 30B (3335 + Mo), 100
En 42 (1074/1075), 95 Composition: 0.32% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.020% S -
Composition: 0.76% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.016% S - 0.022% P - 4.13% Ni - 1.21% Cr - 0.30% Mo
0.017% P - 0.20% Ni - 0.17% Cr - 0.02% Mo En 110 (4340), 100
En 44 (1095), 95 Composition: 0.39% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.018% S -
Composition: 0.96% C - 0.55% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.012% S - 0.021% P - 1.44% Ni - 1.11% Cr - 0.18% Mo
0.013% P - 0.08% Ni - 0.11% Cr - 0.01% Mo En 24 (4340), 101
En 15 (1536), 95 Composition: 0.38% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.010% S -
Composition: 0.33% C - 1.54% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.024% S - 0.017% P - 1.58% Ni - 0.95% Cr - 0.26% Mo
0.021% P - 0.18% Ni - 0.15% Cr - 0.06% Mo En 26 (4340), 101
En 14B (1527), 95 Composition: 0.42% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.022% S -
Composition: 0.29% C - 1.67% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.030% S - 0.029% P - 2.53% Ni - 0.72% Cr - 0.48% Mo
0.035% P - 0.21% Ni - 0.12% Cr - 0.04% Mo En 100 (8640/8740), 101
En 45 (9260), 96 Composition: 0.40% C - 1.34% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.027% S -
Composition: 0.55% C - 0.87% Mn - 1.74% Si - 0.037% S - 0.028% P - 1.03% Ni - 0.53% Cr - 0.22% Mo
0.038% P - 0.16% Ni - 0.10% Cr - 0.02% Mo En 28, 101
En 12 (1030 + 0.9% Ni), 96 Composition: 0.26% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.15% Si - 0.024% S -
Composition: 0.33% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.025% S - 0.010% P - 3.33% Ni - 1.14% Cr - 0.65% Mo - 0.16% V
0.022% P - 0.89% Ni - 0.10% Cr - 0.05% Mo En 351 (3120), 102
En 11 (5060), 96 Composition: 0.17% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.016% S -
Composition: 0.59% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.012% S - 0.019% P - 0.86% Ni - 0.69% Cr - 0.05% Mo
0.020% P - 0.17% Ni - 0.65% Cr - 0.02% Mo Carburized En 351 (3120 at 0.9% C), 102
En 18 (5150), 96 Composition: 0.92% C - 0.93% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.019% S -
Composition: 0.48% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.021% S - 0.028% 0 - 0.90% Ni - 0.57% Cr - 0.03% Mo
0.023% P - 0.18% Ni - 0.98% Cr - 0.04% Mo En 352 (3120), 103
En 31 (52100), 97 Composition: 0.20% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.15% Si - 0.018% S -
Composition: 1.08% C - 0.53% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.015% S - 0.032% P - 1.13% Ni - 0.80% Cr - 0.05% Mo
0.022% P - 0.33% Ni - 1.46% Cr - 0.06% Mo Carburized En 352 (3120 at 1% C), 103
En 56 (420 Stainless Steel), 97 Composition: 0.96% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.016% S -
Composition: 0.24% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.010% S - 0.029% P - 1.19% Ni - 0.84% Cr - 0.09% Mo
0.021% P - 0.32% Ni - 13.3% Cr - 0.06% Mo En 33, 104
En 16 (4032), 97 Composition: 0.11% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.028% S -
Composition: 0.33% C - 1.48% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.028% S - 0.010% P - 2.89% Ni - 0.28% Cr - 0.09% Mo
0.028% P - 0.26% Ni - 0.16% Cr - 0.27% Mo Carburized En 33, 104
En 17 (4037), 97 Composition: 0.95% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.015% S -
Composition: 0.38% C - 1.49% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.028% S - 0.28% P - 2.95% Ni - 0.36% Cr - 0.08% Mo
0.056% P - 0.24% Ni - 0.14% Cr - 0.41% Mo En 36 (9310), 105
En 21 (2330), 98 Composition: 0.11% C - 0.38% Mn - 0.13% Si - 0.016% S -
Composition: 0.33% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.027% S - 0.023% P - 3.26% Ni - 0.87% Cr - 0.08% Mo
0.031% P - 3.47% Ni - 0.07% Cr - 0.11% Mo En 36 (9310), 105
En 111 (3135), 98 Composition: 0.14% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.19% Si - 0.009% S -
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.89% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.035% S - 0.006% P - 3.55% Ni - 1.11% Cr - 0.12% Mo
0.025% P - 1.24% Ni - 0.63% Cr - 0.05% Mo Carburized En 36 (9310 at 0.7% C), 107
En 47 (6150), 98 Composition: 0.70% C - 0.35% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.018% S -
Composition: 0.51% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.020% S - 0.025% P - 3.24% Ni - 0.96% Cr - 0.06% Mo
0.021% P - 0.15% Ni - 0.94% Cr - 0.05% Mo - 0.20% V Carburized En 36 (9310 at 1% C), 106
En 19 (4140), 98 Composition: 1.00% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.12% Si - 0.016% S -
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.016% S - 0.028% P - 3.27% Ni - 0.90% Cr - 0.07% Mo
0.015% P - 0.20% Ni - 1.01% Cr - 0.23% Mo En 39A (9310), 107
En 20, 99 Composition: 0.11% C - 0.38% Mn - 0.09% Si - 0.010% S -
Composition: 0.27% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.13% Si - 0.022% S - 0.026% P - 4.15% Ni - 1.33% Cr - 0.07% Mo
0.030% P - 0.19% Ni - 0.74% Cr - 0.55% Mo Carburized En 39A (9310 at 0.5% C), 107
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.58% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.036% S - Composition: 0.54% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.019% S -
0.028% P - 0.15% Ni - 1.39% Cr - 0.74% Mo 0.024% P - 3.92% Ni - 1.28% Cr - 0.07% Mo
En 40B, 99 Carburized En 39A (9310 at 1% C), 108
Composition: 0.26% C - 0.55% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.022% S - Composition: 1.02% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.018% S -
0.010% P - 0.25% Ni - 3.34% Cr - 0.54% Mo 0.029% P - 4.15% Ni - 1.22% Cr - 0.05% Mn
xii
En 34, 108 34 Cr 4 (SAE 5135), 125
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.011% S - Composition: 0.36% C - 0.666% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.026% P -
0.022% P - 1.66% Ni - 0.26% Cr - 0.26% Mo 0.013% S - 1.11% Cr - 0.18% Cu - 0.05% Mo - 0.23% Ni -
Carburized En 34, 109 <0.01% V
Composition: 0.99% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.016% S - 41 Cr 4 (SAE 5140), 126
0.026% P - 1.61% Ni - 0.32% Cr - 0.29% Mo Composition: 0.44% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.030% P -
En 39B (9315), 109 0.023% S - 1.04% Cr - 0.17% Cu - 0.04% Mo - 0.26% Ni -
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.38% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.018% S - <0.01% V
0.027% P - 4.33% Ni - 1.16% Cr - 0.17% Mo 100 Cr 6, 127
Carburized En 39B (9315 at 0.6% C), 110 Composition: 1.04% C - 0.33% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.023% P -
Composition: 0.66% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.028% S - 0.006% S - 1.63% Cr - 0.20% Cu - <0.01% Mo - 0.31% Ni -
0.020% P - 4.26% Ni - 1.16% Cr - 0.18% Mo <0.01% V
Carburized En 39B (9315 at 0.9% C), 110 X 40 Cr 13 (AISI 420 Stainless Steel), 128
Composition: 0.93% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.017% S - Composition: 0.44% C - 0.20% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.026% P -
0.026% P - 4.26% Ni - 1.18% Cr - 0.16% Mo 0.010% S - 13.12% Cr - 0.09% Cu - <0.01% Mo - 0.31% Ni -
0.02% V
En 355, 111
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.011% S -
X 210 Cr (AISI D3 Tool Steel), 129
0.016% P - 2.00% Ni - 1.66% Cr - 0.19% Mo Composition: 2.08% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.017% P -
0.012% S - 11.48% Cr - 0.16% Cu - 0.02% Mo - 0.31% Ni -
Carburized En 355, III 0.04% V
Composition: 0.93% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.017% S -
0.029% P - 2.10% Ni - 1.70% Cr - 0.20% Mo
20 Mo 5, 130
Composition: 0.23% C - 0.65% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.013% P -
En 353, 112 0.030% S - 0.061% Al - 0.12% Cr - 0.08% Cu - 0.60% Mo -
Composition: 0.18% C - 0.93% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.008% S - 0.06% Ni - 0.03% V
0.016% P - 1.34% Ni - 1.11% Cr - 0.11% Mo 37 MnSi 5, 131
Carburized En 353, 112 Composition: 0.38% C - 1.14% Mn - 1.06% Si - 0.036% P -
Composition: 1.00% C - 0.99% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.012% S - 0.019% S - 0.23% Cr - 0.02% V
0.023% P - 1.42% Ni - 1.12% Cr - 0.11% Mo
16 MnCr 5 (SAE 5115), 132
En 354 (4320), 113 Composition: 0.16% C - 1.12% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.030% P -
Composition: 0.19% C - 0.90% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.016% S - 0.008% S - 0.016% Al - 0.99% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.12% Ni -
0.017% P - 1.87% Ni - 1.08% Cr - 0.18% Mo 0.01% V
Carburized En 354 (4320 at 1% C), 113 50 CrY 4 (SAE 6145), 133
Composition: 0.97% C - 1.00% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.018% S - Composition: 0.47% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.036% P -
0.029% P - 1.93% Ni - 1.13% Cr - 0.23% Mo 0.016% S - 1.20% Cr - 0.14% Cu - 0.04% Ni - 0.11% V
50 CrY 4 (SAE 6150), 134
Composition: 0.66% C - 0.98% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.017% P -
GERMAN STEELS, 117 - 161 0.013% S - 1.02% Cr - 0.07% Cu - 0.01% Ni - 0.11% V
0.15% C - 0.67% Mn - 1.20% Cr - 0.31% Y (SAE
Example Page, 117 6115), 135
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.48% Si - 0.044% P -
0.024% S - 1.20% Cr - 0.18% Cu - 0.26% Ni - 0.31% V
Ck 45 0.44% C - 0.66% Mn (SAE 1042), 118 15 CrNi 6, 136
Composition: 0.44% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.022% P -
Composition: 0.13% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.023% P -
0.029% S - 0.16% Cr - 0.02% V
0.009% S - 0.010% Al - 1.60% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 1.56% Ni -
C 70 W 1 0.76% C - 0.29% Mn (SAE 1078), 119 <0.01% V
Composition: 0.76% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.008% P - 18 CrNi 8, 136
0.008% S - 0.11% Cr - 0.17% Cu - 0.019% Mo - 0.07% Ni - Composition: 0.16% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.013% P -
0.02% V
0.014% S - 0.03% Al - 1.96% Cr - 0.03% Mo - 2.02% Ni -
C 100 W 1 1.03% C - 0.22% Mn (AISI WI Tool 0.01% V
Steel), 120 14 NiCr 14, 137
Composition: 1.03% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.17% Si - 0.014% P - Composition: 0.13% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.013% P -
0.012% S - 0.07% Cr - 0.14% Cu - 0.01% Mo - 0.10% Ni - 0.012% S - 0.012% Al - 0.78% Cr - 0.16% Cu - 0.04% Mo -
trace V 3.69% Ni
0.48% C - 1.98% Mn, 121 25 CrMo 4 (SAE 4118), 138
Composition: 0.48% C - 1.98% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.020% P - Composition: 0.22% C - 0.64% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.010% P -
0.011% S 0.011% S - 0.97% Cr - 0.16% Cu - 0.23% Mo - 0.33% Ni -
0.98% C - 1.84% Mn, 122 <0.01% V
Composition: 0.98% C - 1.84% Mn - 0.08% Si - 0.023% P - 34 CrMo 4 (SAE 4130), 139
0.011% S Composition: 0.30% C - 0.64% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.011% P -
0.73% C - 1.62% Si (71 Si 7), 123 0.012% S - 1.01% Cr - 0.19% Cu - 0.24% Mo - 0.11% Ni -
Composition: 0.73% C - 0.73% Mn - 1.62% Si - 0.019% P - <0.01% V
0.012 S - 0.10% Cr - 0.19% Cu - 0.12% Ni - 0.01% V 42 CrMo 4 (SAE 4135/4140), 140
0.30% C - 3.03% Ni (SAE 2330), 124 Composition: 0.38% C - 0.64% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.019% P -
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.61%,Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.011% P - 0.013% S - 0.99% Cr - 0.17% Cu - 0.16% Mo - 0.08% Ni -
0.007% S - 0.032% Al - 0.07% Cr - 3.03% Ni - <0.01% Ti <0.01% V
xiii
50 CrMo 4 (SAE 4150), 141 X 30 WCrV 9 3, 156
Composition: 0.50% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.017% P - Composition: 0.28% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.008% P -
0.022% S - 1.04% Cr - 0.17% Cu - 0.24% Mo - 0.11% Ni - 0.004% S - 2.57% Cr - 0.03% Mo - 0.04% Ni - 0.35% V -
<0.01% V 8.88% W
20 MoCr 4, 142 X 210 CrW 12, 157
Composition: 0.22% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.018% P - Composition: 2.19% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.027% P -
0.011% S - 0.049% Al - <0.0005% B - 0.56% Cr - 0.18% Cu 0.008% S - 11.75% Cr - 0.12% Cu - 0.12% Mo - 0.08% Ni -
- 0.44% Mo - 0.020% N - 0.15% Ni 0.08% V - 0.84% W
Composition: 0.27% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.017% P - 60 WCrV 7, 158
0.022% S - 0.034% Al - 0.002% B - 0.50% Cr ~ 0.45% Mo - Composition: 0.55% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.94% Si - 0.015% P -
0.005% N - 0.11% Ni 0.012% S - 1.27% Cr - 0.05% Mo - 0.12% Ni - 0.18% V -
StE 70 (Cr-Mo-Zr), 143 2.10% W
Composition: 0.17% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.54% Si - 0.019% P - 45 CrVMoW 5 8, 159
0.011% S - 0.031% Al - 0.019% As - 0.89% Cr - 0.07% Cu - Composition: 0.39% C - 0.45% Mn - 0.58% Si - 0.018% P -
0.40% Mo - 0.05% Ni - 0.008% N2 - 0.005% 02 - 0.008% Sn 0.003% S - 1.45% Cr - 0.47% Mo - 0.13% Ni - 0.70% V -
- 0.01% V - 0.09% Zr 0.55% W
StE 47 (Ni-V), 143 B 18 (AISI Tl High Speed Steel), 160
Composition: 0.21% C - 1.52% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.022% P - Composition: 0.81% C - 0.33% Mn - 0.15% Si - 0.024% P -
0.023% S - 0.043% Al - 0.019% N - 0.07% Ni - 0.13% V 0.003% S - 3.77% Cr - 0.44% Mo - 0.12% Ni - 1.07% V -
StE 47 (Ni-Ti), 144 18.25% W
Composition: 0.17% C - 1.45% Mn - 0.55% Si - 0.016% P - D, 160
0.017% S - 0.055% Al - 0.74% Ni - 0.18% Ti Composition: 0.87% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.020% P -
105 WCr 6, 145 0.005% S - 8.99% Cr - 0.80% Mo - 0.11% Ni - 2.52% V -
Composition: 1.03% C - 0.97% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.016% P - 11.91% W
0.018% S - 1.05% Cr - 0.25% Cu - 0.03% Mo - 0.13% Ni - D Mo 5, 161
1.15% W Composition: 0.85% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.015% P -
0.20% C - 1.20% Mn - 0.97% Cu - 0.55% Ni, 146 0.010% S - 4.15% Cr - 4.79% Mo - 0.18% Ni - 2.01% V -
Composition: 0.20% C - 1.20% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.039% P - 6.34% W
0.024% S - 0.06% Cr - 0.91% Cu - 0.55% Ni E 18 Co 5 (AISI T4 High Speed Steel), 161
28 NiCrMo 7 4, 147 Composition: 0.80% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.019% P -
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.030% P - 0.005% S - 4.52% Co - 4.34% Cr - 0.78% Mo - 0.30% Ni -
0.025% S - 1.44% Cr - 0.20% Cu - 0.37% Mo - 2.06% Ni - 1.52% V - 17.89% W
<0.01% V
X 45 NiCrMo 4, 148
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.35% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.010% P - FRENCH STEELS, 163 - 220
0.015% S - 1.27% Cr - 0.16% Cu - 0.24% Mo - 4.03% Ni -
0.04% V XC 32 Steel, 165
20 NiMoCr 6, 149 Composition: 0.35% C - 0.69% Mo - 0.31% Si - 0.018% S -
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.15% Si - 0.015% P - 0.011% P - 0.31% Ni - 0.12% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.14% CU
0.020% S - 0.015% Al - <0.0005% B - 0.47% Cr - 0.48% Mo XC 38 Steel, 165
- 1.58% Ni
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.016% S -
61 CrSiV 5, 150 0.020% P - 0.02% Ni - 0.21% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.22% Cu -
Composition: 0.58% C - 0.81% Mn - 0.89% Si - 0.013% P - 0.060% Al
0.006% S - 1.27% Cr - 0.14% Cu - 0.02% Mo - 0.06% Ni - XC 42 Steel, 165
0.11% V
Composition: 0.45% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.025% S -
X 38 CrMoV 5 1 (AISI H 11 Tool Steel), 151 0.015% P - 0.12% Ni - 0.05% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.13% Cu
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.48% Mn - 0.94% Si - 0.013% P - Composition: 0.44% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.028% S -
0.005% S - 5.53% Cr - 0.20% Cu - 0.87% Mo - 0.04% Ni - 0.038% P - 0.09% Ni - 0.16% Cr - 0.02% Mo
0.48% V
45 CrMoV 6 7, 152 XC 55 Steel, 166
Composition: 0.53% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.010% S -
Composition: 0.48% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.27 % Si - 0.011% P -
0.020% P - 0.24% Ni - 0.09% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.52% Cu -
0.011% S - 1.81% Cr - 0.72% Mo - 0.11% Ni - 0.23% V <0.03% V
StE 47 (Cu-Ni-V), 153 Composition: 0.52% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.017% S -
Composition: 0.12% C - 1.28% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.015% P - 0.020% P - 0.05% Ni - <0.04% Cr - <0.05% Mo
0.016% S - 0.024% Al - 0.67% Cu - 0.62% Ni - 0.15% V XC 70 Steel, 166
StE 47 (Cu-Ni-Ti), 153 Composition: 0.75% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.010% S -
Composition: 0.12% C - 1.28% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.015% P - 0.012% P - 0.43% Ni - 0.06% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.56% Cu -
0.016% S - 0.021% Al - 0.67% Cu - 0.62% Ni - 0.18% Ti <0.03% V
56 NiCrMoV 7, 154 Composition: 0.72% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.026% S -
Composition: 0.52% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.010% P - 0.031% P
0.010% S - 1.09% Cr - 0.43% Mo - 1.72% Ni - 0.14% V 55 S 7 Steel, 167
X 30 WCrV 5 3, 155 Composition: 0.55% C - 0.61% Mn - 1.68% Si - 0.014% S -
Composition: 0.28% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.020% P - 0.012% P - 0.19% Ni - 0.05% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.20% Cu -
0.006% S - 2.35% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.06% Ni - 0.53% V - trace V - 0.05% Ti
4.10% W 35 M 5 Steel, 167
Composition: 0.33% C - 1.12% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.027% S -
0.018% P - 0.24% Ni - 0.11% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.19% Cu -
0.010% Al
xiv
45 M 5 Steel, 168 35 NC 6 Steel, 177
Composition: 0.47% C - 1.37% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.025% S - Composition: 0.41% C - 0.65% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.007% S -
0.015% P - 0.02% Ni - 0.15% Cr - 0.19% Cu 0.014% P - 0.93% Ni - 0.80% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.10% Cu -
25 M 6 Steel, 169 0.010% V
Composition: 0.24% C - 1.58% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.014% S - 10 NC 6 Steel, 177
0.016% P - 0.20% Ni - 0.24% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.12% Cu - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.006% S -
0.018% Co 0.017% P - 1.59% Ni - 0.64% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.31% Cu -
10 N 14 Steel, 169 <0.03% V
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.44% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.007% S - 16 NC 6 Steel, 178
0.010% P - 3.47% Ni - 0.10% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.15% Cu - Composition: 0.16% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.30% Si - <0.010% S -
0.007% AI 0.013% P - 1.38% Ni - 0.82% Cr - 0.09% Mo - 0.11% Cu
Z 10 N 5 Steel, 169 20 NC 6 Steel, 178
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.011% S - Composition: 0.19% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.010% S -
0.025% P - 6.00% Ni - 0.23% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.14% Cu 0.018% P - 1.52% Ni - 0.81% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.20% Cu -
Zl0N9Steel, 170 <0.030% V
Composition: 0.09% C - 0.51% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.008% S - 14NC 11 Steel, 179
0.010% P - 9.00% Ni - 0.06% Cr - 0.03% Mo - 0.13% Cu - Composition: 0.12% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.014% S -
0.012% AI 0.013% P - 2.69% Ni - 0.70% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.18% Cu
32 C 4 Steel, 170 35 NC 15 Steel, 179
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.36% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.010% S -
0.021% P - 0.26% Ni - 1.08% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.17% Cu 0.013% P - 3.74% Ni - 1.86% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.13% Cu -
38 C 4 Steel, 171 0.002% Ti
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.38% C - 0.44% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.003% S -
0.023% P - 0.26% Ni - 0.90% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.17% Cu 0.018% P - 3.40% Ni - 1.60% Cr - 0.16% Mo - 0.13% Cu -
42 C 4 Steel, 171 0.016% V
Composition: 0.44% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.013% S - 30 NC 11 Steel, 180
0.030% P - 0.46% Ni - 0.96% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.18% Cu Composition: 0.32% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.008% S -
100 C 6 Steel, 172 0.017% P - 2.96% Ni - 0.69% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.31% Cu -
Composition: 1.00% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.030% S - <0.030% V - 0.06% W
0.013% P - 0.21% Ni - 1.71% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.14% Cu- 50 CD 4 Steel, 180
0.010% V - 0.02% Ti Composition: 0.62% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.011% S -
Z 40 C 14 Steel, 172 0.013% P - 0.17% Ni - 1.00% Cr - 0.22% Mo - 0.38% Cu -
Composition: 0.42% C - 0.16% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.049% S - <0.06% V
0.042% P - 0.27% Ni - 13.40% Cr - 0.08% Cu 18 CD 4 Steel, 181
60 SC 7 Steel, 173 Composition: 0.17% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.026% S -
Composition: 0.66% C - 0.88% Mn - 1.62% Si - 0.006% S - 0.020% P - 0.21% Ni - 1.06% Cr - 0.24% Mo - 0.18% Cu -
0.032% P - 0.07% Ni - 0.74% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.03% Cu 0.006% V - 0.032% Ti
Composition: 0.64% C - 0.74% Mn - 1.61% Si - 0.020% S - Composition: 0.16% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.010% S -
0.016% P - 0.07% Ni - 0.61% Cr - 0.10% Cu 0.014% P - 0.14% Ni - 0.84% Cr - 0.20% Mo
40 CV 5 Steel, 173 25 CD 4 Steel, 181
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.41% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.26% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.090% S -
0.013% P - 0.03% Ni - 1.29% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.06% Cu - 0.018% P - 0.19% Ni - 1.10% Cr - 0.22% Mo - 0.16% Cu
0.120% V 35 CD 4 Steel, 182
50 CV 4 Steel, 174 Composition: 0.37% C - 0.79% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.010% S -
Composition: 0.63% C - 0.81% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.016% S - 0.019% P - <0.17% Ni - 1.00% Cr - 0.18% Mo - 0.10% Cu
0.024% P - 0.07% Ni - 1.09% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.11% Cu - Composition: 0.36% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.010% S -
0.100% V 0.019% P - 0.16% Ni - 0.96% Cr - 0.28% Mo
90 MV 8 Steel, 174 100 CD 7 Steel, 182
Composition: 0.81% C - 2.10% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.003% S - Composition: 1.07% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.016% S -
0.016% P - 0.06% Ni - 0.02% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.04% Cu - 0.012% P - 0.17% Ni - 2.06% Cr - 0.18% Mo - 0.13% Cu
0.17% V - 0.06% w 30 CD 12 Steel, 183
15 MDV 4-05 Steel, 175 Composition: 0.30% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.016% S -
Composition: 0.14% C - 1.20% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.017% S - 0.010% P - 0.17% Ni - 2.99% Cr - 0.43% Mo - 0.13% Cu
0.016% P - 0.16% Ni - 0.10% Cr - 0.48% Mo - 0.15% Cu - Z 15 CD 5-05 Steel, 183
0.066% V Composition: 0.11% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.016% S -
16 MC 5 Steel, 175 0.016% P - 0.23% Ni - 4.48% Cr - 0.62% Mo - 0.16% Cu
Composition: 0.18% C - 1.10% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.026% S - 45 SC 6 Steel, 184
0.023% P - 0.28% Ni - 1.02% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.18% Cu Composition: 0.43% C - 0.96% Mn - 1.38% Si - <0.010% S -
90 M 5 Steel, 176 0.012% P - 0.03% Ni - 1.06% Cr - <0.10% Mo - <0.06% Cu
Composition: 0.93% C - 1.26% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.007% S - - 0.035% V
0.020% P - 0.24% Ni - 0.60% Cr - 0.16% Cu 45 SCD 6 Steel, 184
50 NC 2 Steel, 176 Composition: 0.46% C - 0.66% Mn - 1.31% Si - 0.006% S -
Composition: 0.50% C - 0.78% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.027% S - 0.013% P - 0.21% Ni - 0.60% Cr - 0.22% Mo - 0.27% Cu -
0.010% P - 0.48% Ni - 0.62% Cr - 0.03% Mo - 0.12% Cu <0.06% V - trace Ti
Composition: 0.42% C - 0.70% Mn - 1.40% Si - 0.006% S -
0.016% P - 0.24% Ni - 0.68% Cr - 0.19% Mo - 0.03%
xv
45 MS 6 Steel, 185 30 CND 8 Steel, 194
Composition: 0.45% C - 1.50% Mn - 1.34% Si - <0.010% S - Composition: 0.30% C - 0.56% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.014% S -
0.017% P - 0.03% Ni - 0.03% Cr - <0.01% Mo - 0.09% Cu - 0.012% P - 1.75% Ni - 1.85% Cr - 0.49% Mo
0.040% V Composition: 0.32% C - 0.35% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.022% S -
15 MDV 4-05 Steel, 185 0.018% P - 2.10% Ni - 2.30% Cr - 0.64% Mo - 0.19% Cu
Composition: 0.14% C - 1.20% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.017% S - 30 NCD 12 Steel, 194
0.016% P - 0.15% Ni - 0.10% Cr - 0.48% Mo - 0.15% Cu - Composition: 0.30% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.016% S -
0.065% V 0.015% P - 3.20% Ni - 0.86% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 0.17% Cu
20 CDV 5-08 Steel, 186 40 NCD 18 Steel, 195
Composition: 0.15% C - 0.53% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.013% S - Composition: 0.42% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.005% S -
0.020% P - 0.11% Ni - 1.04% Cr - 1.05% Mo - 0.15% Cu - 0.010% P - 4.34% Ni - 1.56% Cr - 0.44% Mo - 0.05% Cu
0.250% V - 0.028% AI 20 ND 16 Steel, 195
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.96% Mn - 0.15% Si - 0.011% S -
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.026% S -
0.017% P - 1.40% Cr - 0.96% Mo - 0.270% V
0.017% P - 3.85% Ni - 0.25% Cr - 0.94% Mo - 0.17% Cu
10 CD 9-10 Steel, 186 40 CAD 6-12 Steel, 196
Composition: 0.15% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.020% S -
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.56% Mn - 0.53% Si - 0.001% S -
0.022% P - 0.09% Ni - 2.24% Cr - 0.85% Mo - 0.23% Cu -
0.012% P - 0.21% Ni - 1.65% Cr - 0.23% Mo - 0.15% Cu -
0.097% AI- 0.01% Ti
1.100% Al
28 CDV 5-08 Steel, 187 18 CDSV 5 Steel, 196
Composition: 0.26% C - 0.58% Mn - 0.49% Si - 0.010% S -
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.49% Mn - 1.14% Si - 0.080% S -
0.014% P - 0.18% Ni - 1.65% Cr - 0.84% Mo - 0.07% Cu -
0.010% P - 0.25% Ni - 1.22% Cr - 1.05% Mo - 0.19% Cu -
0.380% V
0.460% V - 0.030% Ti
Z 38 CDV 5 Steel, 187 100 WC 40 Steel, 197
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.45% Mn - 0.66% Si - 0.001% S -
Composition: 0.98% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.003% S -
0.011% P - 4.90% Cr - 1.07% Mo - 0.09% Cu - 0.350% V
0.015% P - 0.17% Ni - 0.63% Cr - 0.28% Mo - 0.11% Cu -
30 NCD 2 Steel, 188 0.280% V - 3.66% W
Composition: 0.28% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.014% S - 15 NCDV 11 Steel, 197
0.011% P - 0.43% Ni - 0.70% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.20% Cu
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.51% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.019% S -
20 NCD 2 Steel, 188 0.010% P - 2.59% Ni - 0.67% Cr - 0.49% Mo - 0.20% Cu -
Composition: 0.21% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.002% S - 0.080% V
0.017% P - 0.65% Ni - 0.57% Cr - 0.26% Mo - 0.15% Cu 55 NCDV 7-05 Steel, 198
40 NCD 3 Steel, 189 Composition: 0.58% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.39% Si - 0.012% S -
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.019% S - 0.015% P - 1.68% Ni - 1.35% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 0.01% Cu -
0.018% P - 0.58% Ni - 0.56% Cr - 0.28% Mo - 0.10% Cu 0.100% V
35 NCD 5 Steel, 189 Z 38 CDWV 5 Steel, 198
Composition: 0.33% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.37% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.95% Si - 0.008% S -
0.010% P - 1.22% Ni - 0.54% Cr - 0.17% Mo - 0.22% Cu 0.018% P - 0.17% Ni - 4.70% Cr - 1.40% Mo - 0.11% Cu -
50 NCD 6 Steel, 190 0.500% V - 1.80% W
Composition: 0.49% C - 0.57% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.012% S - XC 48 Steel, 199
0.011% P - 1.62% Ni - 0.83% Cr - 0.24% Mo - 0.13% Cu Composition: 0.50% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.022% S -
28 NCD 6 Steel, 190 0.031% P
Composition: 0.29% C - 0.78% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.009% S - E 36 Steel, 199
0.011% P - 1.62% Ni - 1.49% Cr - 0.44% Mo - 0.16% Cu - Composition: 0.20% C - 1.37% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.017% S -
0.010% Ti 0.022% P - 0.007% N - 0.054% Al
20 NCD 7 Steel, 191 35 M 6 Steel, 199
Composition: 0.17% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.013% S - Composition: 0.34% C - 1.55% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.028% S -
0.013% P - 2.02% Ni - 0.38% Cr - 0.13% Mo - 0.07% Cu - 0.026% P - 0.17% Ni - 0.08% Cr - 0.02% Mo
0.010% AI 19 M Nb 6 Steel, 199
20 NCD 10 Steel, 191 Composition: 0.19% C - 1.39% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.019% S -
Composition: 0.17% C - 1.23% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.013% S - 0.029% P - 0.043% Nb - 0.007% N - 0.046% AI
0.015% P - 2.45% Ni - 0.94% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 0.011% N2 - 17 MV Az 6 Steel, 200
0.042% AI Composition: 0.17% C - 1.50% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.018% S -
60 NCD 11 Steel, 192 0.017% P - 0.110% V - 0.025% N - 0.082% AI
Composition: 0.57% C - 0.65% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.005% S - 22 N 8 Steel, 200
0.010% P - 2.35% Ni - 0.75% Cr - 0.41% Mo - 0.13% Cu Composition: 0.23% C - 0.56% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.020% S -
32 CND 11 Steel, 192 0.021% P - 2.06% Ni - 0.15% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.18% Cu
Composition: 0.31% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.010% S - 20 NCD 8 Steel, 200
0.010% P - 0.94% Ni - 3.00% Cr - 0.51% Mo - 0.19% Cu Composition: 0.19% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% S -
16 NCD 13 Steel, 193 0.019% P - 2.00% Ni - 0.39% Cr - 0.09% Mo - 0.05% Cu
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.013% S - 20 ND 8 Steel, 200
0.008% P - 3.02% Ni - 1.02% Cr - 0.26% Mo - 0.12% Cu Composition: 0.24% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.012% S -
35 NCD 16 Steel, 193 0.015% P - 2.10% Ni - 0.05% Cr - 0.32% Mo - 0.10% Cu
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.005% S - 10 CAD 8 Steel, 201
0.010% P - 3.70% Ni - 1.65% Cr - 0.23% Mo - 0.12% Cu Composition: 0.11% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.060% S -
Composition: 0.34% C - 0.35% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.006% S - 0.020% P - 2.18% Cr - 0.31% Mo - 0.485% AI
0.008% P - 3.55% Ni - 1.54% Cr - 0.31% Mo - 0.008% N2
xvi
30 CAD 6-12 Steel, 201 Z 30 C 13 Steel, 206
Composition: 0.28% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.060% S - Composition: 0.29% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.86% Si - 0.060% S -
0.012% P - 0.13% Ni - 1.66% Cr - 0.22% Mo - 1.050% Al 0.023% P - 0.18% Ni - 12.32% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.12% Cu
14 NCD 4 Steel, 201 <0.06% V
Composition: 0.13% C - 1.08% Mn - 0.14% Si - 0.020% S - 70 C 1 Steel, 206
0.027% P - 1.13% Ni - 0.88% Cr - 0.40% Mo Composition: 0.72% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.050% S -
18 NCD 6 Steel, 201 0.011% P 0.06% Ni - 0.28% Cr - 0.049% Cu
Composition: 0.18% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.009% S - 95 C 3 Steel, 206
0.010% P - 1.63% Ni - 1.05% Cr - 0.16% Mo - 0.13% Cu Composition: 0.88% C - 0.41% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.010% S -
80 DCV 42-16 Steel, 202 0.010% P - 0.10% Ni - 0.78% Cr - 0.05% Mo - 0.12% Cu
Composition: 0.81% C - 0.26% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.002% S - 100 C 3 Steel, 207
0.021% P - 4.28% Cr - 3.98% Mo - 1.080% V Composition: 0.97% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.006% S -
40 NDCV 18-11 Steel, 202 0.010% P - 0.06% Ni - 0.77% Cr - <0.01% Mo - 0.04% Cu
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.006% S - 30 MS 6 Steel, 207
0.017% P - 4.80% Ni - 0.64% Cr - 1.13% Mo - 0.520% V Composition: 0.29% C - 1.33% Mn - 1.30% Si - 0.016% S -
Z 40 WCV 5 Steel, 202 0.008% P - 0.12% Ni - 0.10% Cu
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.022% S - 30 SC 6 Steel, 207
0.018% P - 0.08% Ni - 3.23% Cr - 0.44% Mo - 0.580% V - Composition: 0.28% C - 0.92% Mn - 1.49% Si - 0.018% S -
4.16% W 0.001% P - 0.12% Ni - 0.99% Cr - 0.10% Cu
Z 30 WCV 9 Steel, 202 12 NC 15 Steel, 207
Composition: 0.27% C - 0.43% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.018% S - Composition: 0.13% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.016% S -
0.008% P - 0.10% Ni - 2.45% Cr - 0.13% Mo - 0.360% V - 0.008% P - 3.42% Ni - 0.86% Cr - 0.08% Mo - 0.16% Cu
8.70% W 40 NC 18 Steel. 208
Z 20 CDNbV 11 Steel, 203 Composition: 0.42% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.012% S -
Composition: 0.17% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.43% Si - 0.016% S - 0.013% P - 4.40% Ni - 1.26% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.14% Cu -
0.017% P - 0.60% Ni - 11.30% Cr - 0.76% Mo - 0.370% V - 0.02% Al
0.410% Nb - 0.070% N2 20 ND 8 Steel, 208
Z 65 WDCV 06-05 Steel, 203 Composition: 0.21% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.010% S -
Composition: 0.66% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.17% Ni - 0.008% P - 1.84% Ni - 0.07% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.09% Cu
4.00% Cr - 6.00% Mo - 1.800% V - 7.00% W - 0.40% Co 12 ND 16 Steel, 208
Z 60 WCV 18 Steel, 203 Composition: 0.08% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.06% Si - 0.020% S -
Composition: 0.60% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.19% Si - 0.20% Ni - 0.010% P - 4.06% Ni - 0.07% Cr - 0.88% Mo - 0.16% Cu
4.66% Cr - 1.00% Mo - 1.360% V - 17.80% W - 0.72% CO 30 C 5 Steel, 208
XC 38 Steel, 203 Composition: 0.30% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.016% S -
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.016% S - 0.012% P - 0.09% Ni - 1.28% Cr - 0.09% Cu - 0.060% V
0.020% P - 0.20% Ni - 0.21% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.22% Cu - 30 CV 5 Steel, 209
0.060% Al Composition: 0.32% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.016% S -
XC 38 Steel, 204 0.007% P - 0.11% Ni - 1.30% Cr - 0.10% Mo - 0.13% Cu -
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.019% S - 0.126% V
0.017% P - 0.06% Ni - 0.04% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.013% N2 140 C 10 Steel, 209
Y 1 90 Steel, 204 Composition: 1.43% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.013% S -
Composition: 0.93% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.010% S - 0.020% P - 0.11% Ni - 2.66% Cr - 0.08% Mo - 0.05% Cu -
0.012% P - 0.20% Ni - 0.12% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.62% Cu - 0.016% V
0.03% V 100 WC 10 Steel, 209
Y 1 120 Steel, 204 Composition: 1.16% C - 0.38% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.008% S -
Composition: 1.29% C - 0.20% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.006% S - 0.018% P - 0.21% Ni - 0.74% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.12% Cu -
0.015% P - 0.09% Ni - 0.04% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.08% Cu 1.20% W
41 S 7 Steel, 205 30 SCD 6 Steel, 209
Composition: 0.42% C - 0.62% Mn - 1.78% Si - 0.013% S - Composition: 0.28% C - 0.69% Mn - 1.26% Si - 0.048% S -
0.043% P - 0.18% Ni - 0.06% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.22% Cu - 0.066% P - <0.06% Ni - 0.92% Cr - 0.22% Mo - 0.03% Cu
trace V - 0.03% Ti 45 SCD 6 Steel, 210
Z 120 M 12 Steel, 205 Composition: 0.60% C - 1.05% Mn - 1.48% Si - 0.044% S -
Composition: 1.28% C - 12.35% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.009% S - 0.048% P - <0.06% Ni - 1.20% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.04% Cu
0.031% P - 0.28% Ni - 0.01% Mo - 0.23% Cu Z 40 CSD 10 Steel, 210
ION 8 Steel, 205 Composition: 0.30% C - 0.48% Mn - 2.20% Si - 0.012% S -
Composition: 0.08% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.035% S - <0.006% P - 0.12% Ni - 10.60% Cr - 1.00% Mo - 0.07% Cu
0.007% P - 2.06% Ni - 0.08% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.13% Cu 0.012% V
Z 12 C 13 Steel, 205 18 NCD-4 Steel, 210
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.46% Si - 0.060% S - Composition: 0.17% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.011% S -
0.012% P - 0.13% Ni - 12.00% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.07% Cu - 0.022% P - 1.13% Ni - 0.49% Cr - 0.13% Mo - 0.10% Cu
0.020% V - 0.06% W 120 NCD 5-02 Steel, 210
18 C 3 Steel, 206 Composition: 1.18% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.011% S -
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.010% S - 0.022% P - 1.13% Ni - 0.49% Cr - 0.13% Mo - 0.10% Cu
0.010% P - 0.27% Ni - 0.79% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.02% Cu 30 NCD 8 Steel, 211
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.27% Si - 1.90% Ni -
1.80% Cr - 0.68% Mo
xvii
30 NC 12 Steel, 211 Z 130 WCV 12-04-04 Steel, 217
Composition: 0.33% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.016% S - Composition: 1.43% C - 0.17% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.046% S -
0.008% P - 3.38% Ni - 0.83% Cr - 0.03% Mo - 0.13% Cu 0.023% P - 0.16% Ni - 4.18% Cr - 0.87% Mo - 4.360% V -
35 NC 11 Steel, 211 11.00% W
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.59% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.026% S - Z 80 WCDX 12-04-02-02 Steel, 217
0.017% P - 2.64% Ni - 0.94% Cr - 0.12% Mo - 0.20% Cu Composition: 0.82% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.010% S -
10 NC 12 Steel, 212 0.032% P - 0.20% Ni - 4.10% Cr - 1.60% Mo - 2.060% V -
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.33% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.006% S - 12.10% W
0.010% P - 3.02% Ni - 0.68% Cr - 0.19% Mo - 0.14% Cu Z 85 WCV 18-04-02 Steel, 217
14 NC 12 Steel, 212 Composition: 0.79% C - 0.17% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.026% S -
Composition: 0.15% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.006% S - 0.036% P - 0.08% Ni - 4.00% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 2.110% V -
18.16% W - 0.17% Co
0.016% P - 3.09% Ni - 0.84% Cr - 0.14% Mo - 0.12% Cu
32 NCD 15 Steel, 212 Z 30 WCKV 09-03 Steel, 218
Composition: 0.28% C - 0.64% Mn - 0.96% Si - 0.003% S -
Composition: 0.31% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.006% S -
0.026% P - 0.64% Ni - 2.80% Cr - 0.13% Mo - 0.240% V -
0.010% P - 3.33% Ni - 1.20% Cr - 0.60% Mo - 0.15% Cu -
8.77% W - 2.06% Co
<0.03% V - 0.08% W
30 NCD 12 Steel, 213 Z 80 WKCV 18-05-04-01 Steel, 218
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.30% Si - 3.20% Ni - Composition: 0.80% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.28% Si - 3.80% Cr -
0.86% Cr - 0.40% Mo 1.060% V - 17.40% W - 4.62% Co
35 NCD 16 Steel, 213 Z 80 WKCV 18-10-04-02 Steel, 218
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.005% S - Composition: 0.80% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.026% S -
0.010% P - 3.70% Ni - 1.66% Cr - 0.23% Mo - 0.12% Cu 0.018% P - 4.40% Cr - 0.37% Mo - 1.600% V - 19.20% W -
9.30% Co
16 NC 18 Steel, 213
Composition: 0.89% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.18% Si - 3.90% Cr -
Composition: 0.15% C - 0.48% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.010% Si -
1.030% V - 19.10% W - 9.66% Co
0.012% P - 4.21% Ni - 1.00% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.21% Cu
100 CV 6 Steel, 214 Z 150 WKVC 12-05-05-04 Steel, 219
Composition: 1.46% C - 0.10% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.033% S -
Composition: 0.86% C - 0.35% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.012% S -
0.031% P - 3.72% Cr - 0.47% Mo - 0.09% Cu - 4.100% V -
0.006% P - 0.68% Ni - 1.62% Cr - <0.01% Mo - 0.06% Cu - 13.70% W - 6.00% Co
0.174% V
Z 100 CDV 5 Steel, 214 Z 165 WKVC 12-10-05-04 Steel, 219
Composition: 1.64% C - 0.21% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.006% S -
Composition: 0.91% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.006% S -
0.021% P - 4.60% Cr - 0.66% Mo - 6.060% V - 11.64% W -
0.016% P - 6.20% Cr - 1.07% Mo - 0.09% Cu - 0.420% V 11.36% Co
45 WC 20-04 Steel, 214 55 NCDV 7 Steel, 219
Composition: 0.48% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.67% Si - 0.006% S - Composition: 0.66% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.004% S -
0.010% P - 0.14% Ni - 1.20% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.21% Cu - 0.014% P - 1.66% Ni - 1.00% Cr - 0.36% Mo - 0.11% Cu -
0.013% V - 2.34% W 0.220% V - 0.08% W
Composition: 0.46% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.007% S - Z 80 WDCV 6 Steel, 219
0.019% P - 0.44% Ni - 1.26% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.14% Cu -
0.360% V - 2.20% W Composition: 0.76% C - 0.26% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.031% S -
0.026% P - 4.64% Cr - 6.76% Mo - 2.060% V - 6.60% W -
40 WCDS 35-12 Steel, 215 0.86% Co
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.010% S - Z 85 WDKCV 06-05-05-04-02 Steel, 220
0.032% P - 0.12% Ni - 2.86% Cr - 0.16% Mo - 0.14% Cu -
0.260% V - 3.39% W Composition: 0.84% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.014% S -
0.026% P - 4.36% Cr - 4.96% Mo - 1.830% V - 6.48% W -
Z 80 WCV 18-04-01 Steel, 215 4.86% Co
Composition: 0.81% C - 0.17% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.019% S - Z 130 WDCV 06-05-04-04 Steel, 220
0.018% P - 0.08% Ni - 4.26% Cr - 0.09% Mo - 1.080% V -
17.60% W - 0.06% Co Composition: 1.29% C - 0.26% Mn - 0.43% Si - 0.006% S -
0.026% P - 4.42% Cr - 4.10% Mo - 4.000% V - 6.64% W -
35 NC 15 Steel, 215 0.37% Co
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.44% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.003% S - Z 110 DKCWV 09-08-04-02-01 Steel, 220
0.018% P - 3.40% Ni - 1.60% Cr - 0.16% Mo - 0.13% Cu -
0.016% V Composition: 1.11% C - 0.24% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.007% S -
0.023% P - 3.91% Cr - 9.60% Mo - 1.210% V - 1.47% W -
35 NCDV 10 Steel, 216 8.36% Co
Composition: 0.34% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.37% Si - 2.66% Ni -
1.80% Cr - 0.63% Mo - 0.15% V - 0.20% Cu
Z 200 C 12 Steel, 216
Composition: 1.78% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.010% S - BENELUX STEELS, 221 - 242
0.026% P - 0.36% Ni - 11.70% Cr - 0.61% Mo - 0.090% V -
0.63% W Example Page, 223
Z 160 CDV 12 Steel, 216
Composition: 1.66% C - 0.37% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.001% S -
0.020% P - 0.26% Ni - 12.46% Cr - 0.64% Mo - 0.10% Cu - 032 (SAE 1035), 224
0.66% V - 0.28% W Composition: 0.36% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.032%
Z 85 DCWV 08-04-02-02 Steel, 217 S - 0.012% P
Composition: 0.86% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.023% S - 034 (SAE 1045), 224
0.024% P - 4.03% Cr - 8.00% Mo - 1.380% V - 1.43% W -
Composition: 0.46% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.03% S
0.19% Co
- 0.016% P - 0.06% Ni - 0.06% Cr - 0.14% Cu
xviii
038, 224 183 (SAE 6150), 231
Composition: 0.771% C - 0.784% Mn - 0.16% Si - Composition: 0.53% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.01% S
0.021% S - 0.013% P - 0.015% P - 1.23% Cr - 0.27% V
041 (SAE 1330), 225 311 (AISI D 1 Tool Steel, 231
Composition: 0.26% C - 1.48% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.015% Composition: 0.90% C - 1.07% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.49%
S - 0.015% P - 0.08% Ni - 0.02% Cr - 0,01% Mo - Cr - 0.63% W
0.14% Cu 273, 232
045, 225 Composition: 0.33% C - 0.38% Mn - 0.30% Si - 1.06%
Composition: 0.36% C - 1.59% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.03% S Cr-1.01% W
- 0.02% P 272, 232
551, 225 Composition: 0.64% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.67% Si - 1.20%
Composition: 0.09% C - 0.45% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.01% S Cr-1.68% W
- 0.02% P - 0.18% Ni - 12.30% Cr 509, 232
287 (AISI D3 Tool Steel), 226 Composition: 0.21% C - 1.46% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.019%
Composition: 2.09% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.33% Si - 12.76% S - 0.016% P - 0.45% Mo
Cr 007, 233
505, 226 Composition: 0.201% C - 1.55% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.019%
Composition: 0.145% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.02% Si - 0.005% S - 0.025% P - 0.39% Cr - 0.005% Al - 0.11% Nb
S - 0.012% P - 9.12% Ni 275, 233
507, 226 Composition: 0.46% C - 0.39% Mn-1.40% Si - 0.30% Ni
Composition: 0.315% C - 0.14% Mn - 0.01% Si - 0.006% - 1.41% Cr - 0.10% V - 0.0017% Bo
S - 0.01% P - 9.12% Ni 005, 233
506, 227 Composition: 0.224% C - 1.498% Mn - 0.226% Si -
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.01% Si - 0.005% 0.02% S - 0.022% P - 0.037% Ni - 0.33% Cr - 0.195%
S - 0.09% P - 9.12% Ni - 4.07% Co Mo - 0.054% Al
508, 227 297, 234
Composition: 0.325% C - 0.13% Mn - 0.15% Si - 0.005% Composition: 0.70% C - 1.91% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.009%
S - 0.09% P - 9.05% Ni - 4.07% Co S - 0.009% P - 0.98% Cr - 1.40% Mo
004, 227 312 (AISI 02 Tool Steel), 234
Composition: 0.22% C - 1.25% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.04% S Composition: 0.85% C - 1.98% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.46%
- 0.03% P - 0.33% Cr Cr - 0.14% V
091 (SAE 34/35), 228 150 (SAE 8620), 234
Composition: 0.285% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.30% Si-2.55% Composition: 0.20% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.017%
Ni - 0.71% Cr S - 0,018% P - 0.58% Ni - 0.49% Cr - 0.18% Mo
144, 228 454, 235
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.014% Composition: 0.67% C - 1.09% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.016%
S - 0.015% P-4.15% Ni - 0.86% Cr S - 0.027% P - 0.75% Ni - 1.70% Cr - 0.36% Mo -
092, 228 0.04% Cu
Composition: 0.34% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.30% Si-4.30% Ni 458, 235
- 1.16% Cr Composition: 1.485% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.46% Si - 0.028%
455, 229 S - 0.028% P - 0.40% Ni - 1.24% Cr - 0.55% Mo
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.67% Si - 0.012% 113 (SAE 4340), 235
S - 0.024% P - 2.95% Ni - 17.98% Cr - 0.06% Mo - Composition: 0.43% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.008%
0.04% Al - 0.10% Co - 0.10% Cu S - 0.02% P - 1.51% Ni - 1.10% Cr - 0.33% Mo
085 (SAE 4125), 229 453, 236
Composition: 0.26% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.243% Si - 0.016% Composition: 0.345% C - 0.42% Mn - 0.43% Si - 0.015%
S - 0.018% P - 0.175% Ni - 1.065% Cr - 0.255% Mo S - 0.015% P - 3.43% Ni - 1.36% Cr - 0.23% Mo -
081 (SAE 1435), 229 0.041% Al - 0.19% Cu
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.018% 295, 236
S - 0.077% P - 0.006% Ni - 0.97% Cr - 0.23% Mo - Composition: 0.54% C - 0.53% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.005%
0.10% Cu S - 0.011% P - 3.14% Ni - 1.02% Cr - 0.34% Mo
082 (SAE 4140), 230 504, 236
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.022%
Composition: 0.25% C - 0.469% Mn - 0.235% Si -
S - 0.035% P - 0.165% Ni - 1.005% Cr - 0.18% Mo
0.023% S - 0.007% P - 3.65% Ni - 1.65% Cr - 0.395%
280, 230 Mo - 0.008% N2 - 0.013% Al
Composition: 0.55% C - 0.58% Mn - 0.43% Si - 0.021% 114, 237
S - 0.013% P - 0.20% Ni - 0.79% Cr - 0.42% Mo - Composition: 0.36% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.014%
0.19% Cu - 0.025% Al S - 0.02% P - 4.04% Ni - 1.99% Cr - 0.54% Mo - 0.28%
503, 230 Cu
Composition: 0.625% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.015% 552, 237
S - 0.015% P-1.60% Cr - 0.30% Mo Composition: 0.37% C - 0.58% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.007%
290 (AISI A2 Tool Steel), 231 S - 0.021% P - 0.53% Ni - 16.20% Cr - 1.10% Mo
Composition: 0.95% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.011% 206, 237
S - 0.018% P - 0.26% Ni - 4.90% Cr-1.03% Mo - 0.22% Composition: 0.325% C - 0.54% Mn - 0.22% Si - 1.103%
Cu - 0.02% Al
Cr - 0.63% Mo - 0.17% V
xix
451, 238 Molybdenum Steel Series, 246
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.57% Si - 0.009% Composition: Fe - 0.05% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.5% Cr
S - 0.016% P - 0.23% Ni - 1.18% Cr - 1.15% Mo - - 0% Mo
0.27% V Composition: Fe - 0.05% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.5% Cr
368, 238 - 0.15% Mo
Composition: 0.28% C - 0.24% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.005% Composition: Fe - 0.05% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.5% Cr
- 0.30% Mo
S - 0.024% P - 0.18% Ni - 2.68% Cr - 2.84% Mo -
Composition: Fe - 0.05% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.5% Cr
0.50% V
- 0.38% Mo
294 (AISI D2 Tool Steel), 238 Composition: Fe - 0.05% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.5% Cr
Composition: 1.62% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.48% Si - 0.01% S - 0.50% Mo
- 0.024% P - 12.44% Cr - 0.80% Mo - 0.83% V Silicon Steel Series, 247
271 (AISI S1 Tool Steel), 239 Composition: Fe - 0.07% C - 0.93% Mn - 0.99% Si - 0.27%
Composition: 0.415% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.52% Si - 1.40% Mo - 0.32% Cr
Cr - 0.31% V - 2.28% W Composition: Fe - 0.07% C - 0.93% Mn - 1.50% Si - 0.27%
367 (H 13), 239 Mo - 0.32% Cr
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.94% Si - 0.015% Composition: Fe - 0.07% C - 0.93% Mn - 2.00% Si - 0.27%
S - 0.02% P - 4.80% Cr - 1.34% Mo - 1.19% V Mo - 0.32% Cr
006, 239 0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si Steels (Mo
Composition: 0.18% C - 1.36% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.025% Additions), 248
S - 0.014% P - 0.91% Ni - 0.26% Cr - 0.37% Mo - Composition: Fe - 0.10% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.29% Si
0.057% V - 0.048% Al Composition: Fe - 0.09% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.28%
502, 240 Mo
Composition: Fe - 0.10% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.54%
Composition: 0.29% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.32% Si - 1.34%
Mo
Ni - 0.77% Cr - 0.25% Mo - 0.19% V
501, 240 0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - B Steels (Mo
Composition: 0.22% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.023%
Additions), 249
Composition: 0.096% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.0048% B
S - 0.012% P - 2.657% Ni - 1.276% Cr - 0.51% Mo -
0.203% V - 0.002% Al Composition: 0.097% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.26% Mo -
0.0050% B
452, 240 Composition: 0.093% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.51% Mo -
Composition: 1.16% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.57% Si - 0.009% 0.0054% B
S - 0.006% P - 0.71% Ni - 1.79% Cr - 0.27% Mo - 0.37% C - 0.5% Mn - 0.30% Si Steels (Mo
1.30% W
354, 241 Additions), 250
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.0033% Mo
Composition: 0.545% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.26% Si-4.12%
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.077% Mo
Ni - 1.16% Cr - 0.48% Mo - 0.80% W
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.19% Mo
361 (AISI H 21 Tool Steel), 241 0.40% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si Steels (Mo
Composition: 0.31% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.014%
Additions), 251
S - 0.013% P - 0.31% Ni - 2.36% Cr - 0.22% Mo -
0.32% V - 8.59% W - 0.16% Cu - 0.013% Al Composition: 0.40% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.01% Mo
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.26% Mo
411 (AISI Tool Steel), 241 Composition: 0.40% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.53% Mo
Composition: 0.95% C - 0.24% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.018% Composition: 0.40% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.79% Mo
S - 0.006% P - 4.64% Cr - 4.80% Mo - 2.45% V - 7.12% 0.39% C - 0.8% Mn - 1.5% Si Steels (Mo
W
365 (H 11 Tool Steel), 242 Additions), 252
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.81% Mn - 1.48% Si - 0.02% Mo
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.48% Mn-1.01% Si - 0.01% S -
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.80% Mn - 1.48% Si - 0.26% Mo
0.014% P - 0.36% Ni - 5.13% Cr - 1.72% Mo - 0.50% V
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.80% Mn - 1.47% Si - 0.52% Mo
- 0.25% W - 0.13% Cu - 0.015% Al - 0.11% Co Composition: 0.37% C - 0.80% Mn - 1.47% Si - 0.79% Mo
405 (T 15 Tool Steel), 242 0.10% C - 1.4% Mn - 0.3% Si - B Steels (Mo
Composition: 1.42% C - 0.43% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.025%
Additions), 253
S - 0.005% P - 4.42% Cr - 0.70% Mo - 4.55% V -
Composition: 0.088% C - 1.45% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.0055% B
12.99% W - 4.97% Co
Composition: 0.10% C - 1.46% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.26% Mo -
412, 242 0.0051% B
Composition: 1.19% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.021% Composition: 0.11% C - 1.43% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.52% Mo -
S - 0.01% P - 4.54% Cr - 5.10% Mo - 3.29% V - 7.92% 0.0062% B
W - 12.27% Co 0.40% C - 1.3% Mn - 0.3% Si - B Steels (Mo
Additions), 254
MOLYBDENUM STEELS, 243 - 296 Composition: 0.40% C - 1.32% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.004% Mo -
0.004% B
Composition: 0.40% C - 1.33% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.08% Mo -
Chromium Steel Series, 245 0.003% B
Composition: 0.40% C - 1.33% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.18% Mo -
Composition: Fe - 0.05% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.40% 0.003% B
Mo - 0% Cr
Composition: Fe - 0.05% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.40%
0.39% C - 1.4% Mn - 0.3% Si Steels (Mo
Mo - 0.16% Cr Additions), 255
Composition: Fe - 0.05% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.40% Composition: 0.39% C - 1.46% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.03% Mo
Mo - 0.30% Cr Composition: 0.40% C - 1.47% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.26% Mo
Composition: Fe - 0.50% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.40% Composition: 0.39% C - 1.45% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.49% Mo
Mo - 0.48% Cr Composition: 0.38% C - 1.45% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.76% Mo
xx
0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - 0.3% Ni - B 0.40% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 4.5% Ni Steels
Steels (Mo Additions), 256 (Mo Additions), 264
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.33% Ni - Composition: 0.41% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.36% Si - 4.45% Ni -
0.0040% B 0.01% Mo
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.34% Ni - Composition: 0.40% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.36% Si - 4.43% Ni -
0.24% Mo - 0.0047% B 0.26% Mo
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.36% Ni - Composition: 0.40% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.36% Si - 4.40% Ni -
0.63% Mo - 0.0063% B 0.47% Mo
0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - 1.4% Ni - B 0.40% C - 0.3% Mn - 0.2% Si - 4% Co Steels
Steels (Mo Additions), 257 (Mo Additions), 265
Composition: 0.097% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.31% Si - 1.46% Ni - Composition: 0.40% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.17% Si - 0.01% Mo -
0.0048% B 3.76% Co
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.33% Si - 1.43% Ni - Composition: 0.39% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.48% Mo -
0.26% Mo - 0.0063% B 3.72% Co
Composition: 0.099% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.32% Si - 1.46% Ni - Composition: 0.40% C - 0.33% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.96% Mo -
0.61% Mo - 0.0068% B 3.90% Co
0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - 3.0% Ni - B 0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - 0.3% Cr - B
Steels (Mo Additions), 258 Steels (Mo Additions), 266
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.31% Si - 3.03% Ni - Composition: 0.10% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.29% Cr -
0.0062% B 0.0038% B
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.32% Si - 3.06% Ni - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.28% Cr -
0.24% Mo - 0.0060% B 0.26% Mo - 0.0046% B
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.34% Si - 3.03% Ni - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.28% Cr -
0.55% Mn - 0.0067% B 0.60% Mo - 0.0067% B
0.20% C - 0.6% Mn - 0.3% Si - 3.0% Ni Steels 0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - 0.7% Cr - B
(Mo Additions), 259 Steels (Mo Additions), 267
Composition: 0.21% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.28% Si - 2.96% Ni - Composition: 0.10% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.76% Cr -
0.004% Mo 0.0036% B
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.31% Si - 2.90% Ni - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.76% Cr -
0.26% Mo 0.22% Mo - 0.0062% B
Composition: 0.21% C - 0.56% Mn - 0.27% Si - 2.96% Ni - Composition: 0.10% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.7% Cr -
0.51% Mo 0.61% Mo - 0.0060% B
0.36% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 0.7% Ni Steels 0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - 1.4% Cr - B
(Mo Additions), 260 Steels (Mo Additions), 268
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.76% Ni - Composition: 0.10% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.29% Si - 1.43% Cr -
0.02% Mo 0.0069% B
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.79% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.74% Ni - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.33% Si - 1.46% Cr -
0.24% Mo 0.26% Mn - 0.0069% B
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.78% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.73% Ni - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.32% Si - 1.44% Cr -
0.49% Mo 0.66% Mo - 0.0066% B
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.72% Ni - Composition: 0.10% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.33% Si - 1.43% Cr-
0.82% Mo 1.03% Mo - 0.0064% B
0.37% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 1.4% Ni Steels 0.35% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 0.3% Cr Steels
(Mo Additions), 261 (Mo Additions), 269
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.36% Si - 1.44% Ni - Composition: 0.36% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.34% Cr -
0.02% Mo 0.01% Mo
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.85% Mn - 0.37% Si - 1.44% Ni - Composition: 0.36% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.39% Si - 0.36% Cr -
0.24% Mo 0.24% Mo
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.36% Si - 1.40% Ni - Composition: 0.36% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.36% Cr -
0.47% Mo 0.61% Mo
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.35% Si - 1.41% Ni - Composition: 0.34% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.34% Cr -
0.74% Mo 0.78% Mo
0.36% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 2.6% Ni Steels 0.40% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 0.3% Cr Steels
(Mo Additions), 262 (Mo Additions), 270
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.37% Si - 2.62% Ni - Composition: 0.41% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.33% Cr -
0.02% Mo 0.01% Mo
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.38% Si - 2.60% Ni - Composition: 0.40% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.34% Cr -
0.24% Mo 0.26% Mo
dComposition: 0.36% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.36% Si - 2.60% Ni - Composition: 0.41% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.36% Cr-
0.49% Mo 0.49% Mo
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.36% Si - 2.68% Ni - Composition: 0.41% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.36% Cr -
0.78% Mo 0.77% Mo
0.39% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 3.5% Ni Steels
(Mo Additions), 263
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.39% Si - 3.63% Ni-
0.02% Mo
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.29% Si - 3.66% Ni -
0.24% Mo
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.29% Si - 3.48% Ni -
0.48% Mo
x xi
0.37% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 0.7% Cr Steels 0.39% C - 0.8% Mn - 1.5% Si - 0.7% Cr Steels
(Mo Additions), 271 (Mo Additions), 279
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.74% Cr- Composition: 0.40% C - 0.84% Mn - 1.60% Si - 0.74% Cr -
0.02% Mo 0.02% Mo
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.39% Si - 0.73% Cr - Composition: 0.40% C - 0.84% Mn - 1.60% Si - 0.74% Cr-
0.26% Mo 0.26% Mo
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.74% Cr - Composition: 0.39% C - 0.84% Mn - 1.49% Si - 0.73% Cr -
0.60% Mo 0.52% Mo
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.73% Cr - Composition: 0.38% C - 0.82% Mn - 1.48% Si - 0.72% Cr -
0.76% Mo 0.77% Mo
SAE 4140, 272 0.37% C - 1.4% Mn - 0.3% Si - 0.7% Cr Steels
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.26% Si - 1.00% Cr - (Mo Additions), 280
0.21% Mo Composition: 0.38% C - 1.60% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.77% Cr-
SAE 4150, 272 0.02% Mo
Composition: 0.63% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.92% Cr - Oompoaitlon: 0.37% C - 1.49% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.77% Cr -
0.21% Mo 0.26% Mo
0.36% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 1.5% Cr Steels Composition: 0.36% C - 1.47% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.76% Cr -
0.60% Mo
(Mo Additions), 273 Composition: 0.36% C - 1.46% Mn - 0.42% Si - 0.76% Cr -
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.37% Si - 1.64% Cr - 0.78% Mo
0.01% Mo 0.12% C - 0.85% Mn - 0.3% Si - 1.4% Ni - 0.7%
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.38% Si - 1.64% Cr -
0.26% Mo
Cr Steels (Mo Additions), 281
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.37% Si - 1.62% Cr - Composition: 0.12% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.36% Si - 1.44% Ni -
0.60% Mo 0.76% Cr
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.36% Si - 1.51% Cr - Composition: 0.12% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.34% Si - 1.43% Ni -
0.84% Mo 0.77% Cr - 0.19% Mo
0.80% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.5% Si - 6.0% Cr Steels Composition: 0.12% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.33% Si - 1.41% Ni -
0.76% Cr - 0.46% Mo
(Mo Additions), 274
0.11% C - 0.85% Mn - 0.4% Si - 1.4%Ni - 0.7%
Composition: 0.81% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.60% Si - 6.04% Cr -
0.036% Mo
Cr - B Steels (Mo Additions), 282
Composition: 0.81% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.46% Si - 6.10% Cr - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.37% Si - 1.46% Ni -
1.06% Mo 0.77% Cr - 0.006% B
Composition: 1.03% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.60% Si - 6.03% Cr - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.36% Si - 1.44% Ni -
0.038% Mo 0.76% Cr - 0.21% Mo - 0.006% B
Composition: 1.02% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.46% Si - 6.08% Cr - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.85% Mn - 0.38% Si - 1.42% Ni -
1.03% 0.76% Cr - 0.006% B - 0.64% Mo
1.35% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.5% Si - 6.0% Cr Steels 0.30% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.4% Si - Ni - Cr Steels
(Mo Additions), 275 (Mo Additions), 283
Composition: 1.36% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.60% Si - 6.99% Cr - Composition: 0.30% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.38% Si - 1.79% Ni -
0.041% Mo 0.78% Cr - 0.24% Mo
Composition: 1.36% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.46% Si - 6.00% Cr - Composition: 0.30% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.20% Ni -
0.98% Mo 0.99% Cr - 0.43% Mo
0.85% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.5% Si - 12.0% Cr Steels Composition: 0.31% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.20% Ni -
0.79% Cr - 0.67% Mo
(Mo Additions), 276 0.40% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.4% Si - 0.8% Ni - 0.7%
Composition: 0.86% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.46% Si - 12.0% Cr -
0.068% Mo
Cr Steels (Mo Additions), 284
Composition: 0.84% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.44% Si - 12.10% Cr- Composition: 0.40% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.78% Ni -
1.06% Mo 0.76% Cr - 0.03% Mo
Composition: 0.86% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.43% Si - 12.10% Cr - Composition: 0.40% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.78% Ni -
3.07% Mo 0.76% Cr - 0.27% Mo
1.35% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.5% Si - 12.0% Cr Steels Composition: 0.40% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.78% Ni -
0.76% Cr - 0.60% Mo
(Mo Additions), 277
Composition: 1.38% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.46% Si - 11.80% Cr -
0.38% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 1.4% Ni - 0.7%
0.078% Mo Cr Steels (Mo Additions), 285
Composition: 1.36% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.44% Si - 12.0% Cr - Composition: 0.38% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.33% Si - 1.46% Ni -
1.00% Mo 0.74% Cr - 0.01% Mo
Composition: 1.36% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.43% Si - 11.9% Cr - Composition: 0.38% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.36% Si - 1.46% Ni -
3.06% Mo 0.73% Cr - 0.24% Mo
0.40% C - 1.4% Mn - 1.5% Si Steels (Mo Composition: 0.38% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.34% Si - 1.46% Ni -
0.73% Cr - 0.48% Mo
Additions), 278 Composition: 0.38% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.34% Si - 1.46% Ni -
Composition: 0.41% C - 1.42% Mn - 1.62% Si - 0.02% Mo 0.76% Cr - 0.78% Mo
Composition: 0.41% C - 1.41% Mn - 1.61% Si - 0.27% Mo 0.40% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.4% Si - 2.5% Ni - 0.7%
Composition: 0.40% C - 1.40% Mn - 1.61% Si - 0.63% Mo
Composition: 0.40% C - 1.38% Mn - 1.50% Si - 0.80% Mo Cr Steels (Mo Additions), 286
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.74% Mn ~ 0.38% Si - 2.67% Ni -
0.76% Cr - 0.03% Mo
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.38% Si - 2.68% Ni -
0.76% Cr - 0.24% Mo
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.36% Si - 2.61% Ni -
0.76% Cr - 0.49% Mo
0.40% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 3.5% Ni - 0.8% 18Ni350 Maraging Steel, 294
Cr Steels (Mo Additions), 287 Composition: 0.008% C - 0.03% Mn - 0.03% Si - 17.4% Ni -
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.32% Si - 3.59% Ni - 3.7% Mo - 0.17% AI - 12.4% Co - 1.62% Ti
0.77% Cr - 0.03% Mo Carbon-Free Fe - 15.0%Co - 10.0% Mo Alloys,
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.32% Si - 3.59% Ni - 295
0.77% Cr - 0.25% Mo Composition: 0.004% C - 0.42% Mn - 0.12% Si - 9.95% Mo -
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.31% Si - 3.56% Ni - 15.20% Co
0.77% Cr - 0.50% Mo Composition: 0.004% C - 0.41% Mn - 0.15% Si - 9.95% Ni -
0.40% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - 4.5% Ni - 0.7% 9.99% Mo - 15.30% Co
Cr Steels (Mo Additions), 288 Composition: 0.008% C - 4.78% Mn - 0.21% Si - 10.04% Mo
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.40% Si - 4.56% Ni - - 15.33% Co
0.75% Cr - 0.03% Mo Carbon-Free Fe - 15.0% Co - 20.0% Mo Alloys,
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.42% Si - 4.54% Ni - 296
0.75% Cr - 0.26% Mo Composition: 0.003% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.13% Si - 20.02% Mo
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.41% Si - 4.53% Ni - - 15.00% Co
0.75% Cr - 0.50% Mo Composition: 0.004% C - 0.43% Mn - 0.13% Si - 9.95% Ni -
0.40% Cr - 1.4% Mn - 1.5% Si - 0.7% Cr Steels 20.02% Mo - 15.13% Co
(Mo Additions), 289 . Composition 0.006% C - 4.93% Mn - 0.23% Si - 20.17% Mo -
Composition: 0.41% C - 1.44% Mn - 1.50% Si - 0.75% Cr- 15.33% Co
0.01% Mo
Composition: 0.40% C - 1.43% Mn - 1.51% Si - 0.76% Cr -
0.26% Mo
Composition: 0.39% C - 1.41% Mn - 1.49% Si - 0.74% Cr - V ANADIUM STEELS, 297 - 370
0.51% Mo
Composition: 0.39% C - 1.39% Mn - 1.48% Si - 0.73% Cr - Mn- V Structural Steels (As Rolled), 299 - 308
0.77% Mo Composition: 0.04% C - 1.90% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.021% S -
Ni-Cr-Si-Mo-V Steel Series, 290 0.019% P - 0.09% V - 0.02% AI - 0.009% N
Composition: 0.33% C - 0.86% Mn - 1.62% Si - 1.80% Ni - Composition: 0.06% C - 1.95% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.003% S -
0.81% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 0.067% V 0.010% P - 0.010% Mo - 0.25% V - 0.037% AI - 0.008% N
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.86% Mn - 1.44% Si - 0.51% Ni - Composition: 0.07% C - 1.94% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.003% S -
1.01% Cr - 0.49% Mo - 0.071% V 0.009% P - 0.010% Mo - 0.14% V - 0.038% AI - 0.007% N
Composition: 0.35% C - 0.86% Mn - 1.55% Si - 0.21% Ni - Composition: 0.09% C - 1.48% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.060% S -
1.21% Cr - 0.58% Mo - 0.037% V 0.014% P - 0.010% Cr - 0.010% Ni - 0.010% Mo - 0.04% V -
Composition: 0.35% C - 0.86% Mn - 1.58% Si - 0.23% Ni - 0.010% Cu - 0.047% AI
1.50% Cr - 0.58% Mo - 0.071% V Composition: 0.11% C - 1.28 % Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.018% S -
0.40% C - 1.4% Mn - 1.4% Si - 1.4% Ni - 0.8% 0.031% P - 0.08% V - 0.005% N
Cr Steels (Mo Additions), 291 Composition: 0.11% C - 1.23% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.018% S -
0.031% P - 0.08% V - 0.005% N
Composition: 0.41% C - 1.42% Mn - 1.42% Si - 1.37% Ni - Composition: 0.11% C - 1.40% Mn - 0.55% Si - 0.063% V
0.78% Cr - 0.03% Mo • Composition: 0.14% C - 1.52% Mn - 0.48% Si - 0.004% S -
Composition: 0.41% C - 1.41% Mn - 1.41% Si - 1.36% Ni - 0.011% P - 0.071% V
0.78% Cr - 0.26% Mo Composition: 0.14% C - 1.53% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.008% S -
Composition: 0.40% C - 1.39% Mn - 1.37% Si - 1.34% Ni - 0.009% P - 0.06% Cr - 0.03% Ni - 0.01% Mo - 0.04% V-
0.76% Cr - 0.52% Mo 0.02% Cu - 0.057% AI
Composition: 0.40% C - 1.37% Mn - 1.38% Si - 1.31% Ni - Composition: 0.15% C - 0.90% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.05% V -
0.75% Cr - 0.73% Mo 0.014% N
0.40% C - 0.3% Mn - 0.2% Si - 8.0% Ni - 4.0% Composition: 0.15% C - 1.30% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.009% S -
Co Steels (Mo Additions), 292 0.010% P - 0.15% Cr - 0.15% Ni - 0.04% Mo - 0.13% V -
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.20% Si - 8.0% Ni - 0.19% Cu - 0.02% AI - 0.010% N
Composition: 0.16% C - 1.42% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.021% S -
3.89% Co
0.032% P - 0.025% V - 0.003% Ti - 0.002% Nb - 0.042% AI
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.22% Si - 7.78% Ni -
0.44% Mo - 3.87% Co Composition: 0.19% C - 1.44% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.007% S -
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.28% Mn - 0.20% Si - 8.04% Ni - 0.011% P - 0.10% Cr - 0.08% Ni - 0.01% Mo - 0.17% V -
1.00% Mo - 3.90% Co 0.20% Cu - 0.03% AI - 0.010% N
Composition: 0.20% C - 1.45% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.005% S -
0.08% C - 1.0% Ni - 12.0% Cr - 2.0% Mo - 0.3% 0.012% P - 0.11% Cr - 0.10% Ni - 0.02% Mo - 0.08% V -
V Steel, 293 0.14% Cu - 0.01% AI - 0.010% N
Composition: 0.08% C - 1.0% Ni - 12.0% Cr - 2.0% Mo - Composition: 0.20% C - 1.46% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.008% S -
0.8% V 0.013% P - 0.12% Cr - 0.10% Ni - 0.02% Mo - 0.14% V -
Composition: 0.08% C - 1.0% Ni - 12.0% Cr - 2.0% Mo - 0.19% Cu - 0.03% AI - 0.012% N
0.3% V Composition: 0.06% C - 1.97% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.020% S -
18Ni200 Maraging Steel, 293 0.006% P - 0.45% V - 0.029% AI - 0.009%
Composition: 0.06% C - 2.00% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.005% S -
Composition: 0.012% C - <0.03% Mn - <0.05% Si - 17.6%
0.006% P - 0 - 0.45% V - 0.029% AI - 0.009% N
Ni - 3.1% Mo - 0.10% AI - 8.3% Co - 0.08% Ti
Composition: 0.07% C - 1.99% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.004% S -
18Ni250 Maraging Steel, 294 0,013% P - 0.48% V - 0.038% AI - 0.008% N
Composition: 0.02% C - 0.09% Mn - 0.09% Si - 17.8% Ni - Composition: 0.07% C - 1.90% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.006% S -
0.0021% B - 0.12% AI - 7.9% Co - 0.42% Ti 0.010% P - 0.08% Mo - 0.43% V - 0.06% AI - 0.009% N
18N BOO Maraging Steel, 294
Composition: 0.02% C - 0.07% Mn - 0.07% Si - 18.4% Ni-
4.9% Mo - 0.003% B - 0.09% AI - 8.8% Co - 0.66% Ti
xxiii
Mn- V-N Structural Steels (As Rolled), 308- Composition: 0.07% C - 1.67% Mn - 0.49% Si - 0.008% S -
310 0.004% P - 0.01% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.27% Mo - 0.05% V -
Composition: 0.07% C - 2.79% Mn - 0.18% V - 0.046% Al - 0.0006% B - 0.01% Cu - 0.066% Al
0.005% N Composition: 0.12% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.005% S -
Composition: 0.16% C - 1.40% Mn - 0.04% Si - 0.012% S - 0.004% P - 0.63% Cr - 1.11% Ni - 0.49% Mo - 0.03% V -
0.004% P - 0.11 V - 0.04% Al - 0.018% N 0.30% Cu - 0.031% Al
Composition: 0.17% C - 1.75% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0-0.10% V - Composition: 0.15% C - 1.39% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.013% S -
0.02% Al - 0.038% N 0.016% P - 0.27% Mo - 0.06% V - 0.018% Al - 0.004% N
Composition: 0.17% C - 1.48% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.021% S - Composition: 0.17% C - 1.64% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.006% S -
0.034% P - 0.036% Cr - 0.076% Ni - 0.02% Mo - 0.16% V - 0.012% P - 0.01% Cr - 0.02% Ni - 0.47% Mo - 0.14% V -
0.002% Nb - 0.01% Cu - 0.010% Al - 0.006% N
0.04% Cu - 0.028% Al - 0.018%
Composition: 0.19% C - 1.66% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.006% S - Composition: 0.06% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.001% S -
0.016% P - 0.26% Mo - 0.08% V - 0.04% Nb - 0.040% Al -
0.013% P - 0.67% Ni - 0.13% V - 0.01% Al - 0.017% N
Ni-V Structural Steels (As Rolled), 311 0.003% N
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.005% S - Mn-Mo-Nb-V Structural Steels (As Rolled),
0.007% P - 0.26% Cr - 1.07% Ni - 0.06% Mo - 0.08% V - 324 - 326
0.15% Cu Mn- V-Ti Structural Steels (As Composition: 0.06% C - 1.21% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.001% S -
Rolled), 311 - 312 0.014% P - 0.26% Mo - 0.08% V - 0.044% Nb - 0.036% Al -
Composition: 0.06% C - 1.17% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.016% S - 0.003% N
0.016% P - 0.04% V - 0.01% Ti Composition: 0.07% C - 1.49% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.001% S -
Composition: 0.06% C - 1.27% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.080% S - 0.016% P - 0.26% Mo - 0.08% V - 0.042% Nb - 0.036% Al -
0.009% P - 0.01% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.01% Mo - 0.04% V - 0.003% N
0.01% Cu - 0.046% Al Composition: 0.09% C - 1.03% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.016% S -
Composition: 0.10% C - 1.61% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.008% S - 0.010% P - 0.01% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.31% Mo - 0.10% V -
0.033% P - 0.06% V - 0.013% Ti - 0.002% Nb - 0.033% Al 0.09% Nb - 0.021% Al
Mn-Nb-V, 313 - 317 Composition: 0.12% C - 1.72% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.006% S -
0.016% P - 0.20% Mo - 0.06% V - 0.038% Nb - 0.068% Al -
Composition: 0.06% C - 1.82% Mn - 0.39% Si - 0.012% S -
0.0001% N
0.018% P - 0.06% V - 0.066% Nb - 0.011% Al - 0.011% N
Composition: 0.14% C - 1.44% Mn - OJ.23% Si - 0.007% S -
Composition: 0.06% C - 1.21% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.001% S -
0.011% P - 0.066% Cr - 0.23% Ni - 0.036% Mo - 0.10% V -
0.016% P - 0.31% Ni - 0.07% V - 0.043% Nb - 0.30% Cu -
0.03% Nb - 0.48% Cu - 0.028% Al - 0.013% N
0.041% Al - 0.003% N
Composition: 0.07% C - 1.36% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.004% S - Quenched and Tempered Structural Steels,
0.006% P - 0.08% V - 0.026% Nb - 0.036% Al - 0.006% N 327 - 339
Composition: 0.08% C - 1.62% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.007% S - Composition: 0.09% C - 0.94% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.008% S -
0.023% P - 0.21% Cr - 0.10% Ni - 0.10% V - 0.06% Nb - 0.010% P - 0.10% Cr - 2.64% Ni - 0.64% Mo - 0.04% V -
0.34% Cu - 0.02% Al - 0.008% N 0.07% Cu - 0.029% Al
Composition: 0.06% C - 1.69% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.001% S - Composition: 0.09% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.67% Si - 0.010% S -
0.016% P - 0.31% Ni - 0.08% V - 0.043% Nb - 0.30% Cu - 0.016% P - 2.00% Cr - 0.56% Mo - 0.37% V - 0.18% Ti -
0.040% Al - 0.003% N 0.006 % B - 0.41% W
Composition: 0.06% C - 2.33% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.008% S - Composition: 0.09% C - 1.01% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.009% S -
0.026% P - 0.40% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.01% Mo - 0.08% V - 0.011% P - 0.62% Cr - 1.49% Ni - 0.62% Mo - 0.06% V -
0.048% Nb - 0.01% Cu - 0.036% Al 0.002% B - 0.26% Cu - 0.066% Al
Composition: 0.10% C - 1.63% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.09% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.013% S -
0.013% P - 0.01% Mo - 0.07% V - 0.06% Nb - 0.046% Al - 0.019% P - 0.12% Cr - 1.85% Ni - 0.63% Mo - 0.04% V -
0.007% N 0.01% Cu - 0.031% Al
Composition: 0.10% C - 1.48% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.008% S - Composition: 0.10% C - 2.00% Mn - 1.09% Si - 0.006% S -
0.014% P - 0.019% V - 0.003% Ti - 0.023% Nb - 0.046% Al 0.012% P - 1.80% Cr - 0.66% Mo - 0.15% V
Composition: 0.11% C - 1.60% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.002% S - Composition: 0.10% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.007% S -
0.017% P - 0.09% V - 0.005% Ti - 0.032% Nb - 0.021% Al 0.012% P - 0.68% Cr - 0.86% Ni - 0.48% Mo - 0.07% V -
Mn-V-Nb-Ti, 317 0.001% B - 0.21% Cu
Composition: 0.10% C - 1.60% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.007% S - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.012% S -
0.011% P - 0.022% V - 0.023% Ti - 0.023% Nb - 0.044% Al 0.007% P - 0.66% Cr - 4.92% Ni - 0.63% Mo - 0.08% V -
Mn-Mo-V Structural Steels (As Rolled), 318- 0.10% Cu - 0.04% Al
324 Composition: 0.11% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.009% S -
0.007% P - 0.61% Cr - 1.30% Ni - 0.48% Mo - 0.03% V -
Composition: 0.04% C - 1.19% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.001% S -
0.002% B - 0.27% Cu - 0.077% Al
0.002% P - 0.02% Cr - 0.02% Ni - 0.33% Mo - 0.09% V -
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.005% S -
0.01% Nb - 0.067% Al
0.017% P - 1.08% Cr - 0.04% Ni - 0.31% Mo - 0.22% V -
Composition: 0.04% C - 1.90% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.021% S -
0.03% Cu - 0.01% Al
0.019% P - 0.19% Mo - 0.09% V - 0.02% Al - 0.009% N
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.06% Si - 0.008% S -
Composition: 0.04% C - 1.90% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.021% S -
0.007% P - 0.67% Cr - 2.62% Ni - 0.48% Mo - 0.06% V -
0.019% P - 0.19% Mo - 0.09% V - 0.02% Al - 0.009% N
0.002% B - 0.26% Cu - 0.062% Al
Composition: 0.04% C - 1.90% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.021% S -
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.003% S -
0.019% P - 0.34% Mo - 0.09% V - 0.02% Al - 0.009% N
0.008% P - 6.76% Cr - 0.66% Mo - 0.24% V - 0.16% Ti -
Composition: 0.06% C - 1.96% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.003% S -
0.011% B - 0.26% W
0.006% P - 0.18% Mo - 0.22% V - 0.020% Al - 0.006% N
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.56% Mn - 0.68% Si - 0.010% S -
Composition: 0.06% C - 1.70% Mn - 0.50% Mo - 0.10% V -
0.012% P - 2.06% Cr - 0.55% Mo - 0.32% V - 0.08% Ti -
0.020% N
0.006% B - 0.32% W
Composition: 0.06% C - 1.46% Mn - 0.14% Si - 0.003% S -
Composition: 0.13% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.66% Si - 6.43% Cr-
0.018% P - 0.20% Cr - 0.02% Ni - 0.26% Mo - 0.03% V -
0.47% Mo - 0.20% V - 0.16% Ti - 0.010% B - 0.19% W
0.01% Cu - 0.036% Al
Composition: 0.13% C - 1.16% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.017% S -
Composition: 0.07% C - 1.62% Mn - 0.47% Si - 0.008% S -
0.004% P - 0.01% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.27% Mo - 0.06% V - 0.018% P - 0.23% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.27% Mo - 0.05% V -
0.01% Cu - 0.010% Al
0.01% Cu - 0.064%
xxiv
Composition: 0.13% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.016% S - Composition:0.40% C - 0.60% Mn - 1.00% Si - 0.003% S -
0.010% P - 0.98% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.31% Mo - 0.20% V - 0.010% P - 6.00% Cr - 1.30% Mo - 0.40% V
0.02% Cu - 0.010% AI Composition:0.43% C - 0.90% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.30% Cr -
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.64% Si - 0.006% S - 0.10% V - 0.03% Nb - 0.016% Al - 0.016% N
0.022% P - 1.43% Cr - 0.64% Mo - 0.03% V - 0.006% Ti Cr-Ni-Mo-V Quenched and Tempered
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.019% S - Engineering Steels, 347 - 354
0.013% P - 0.63% Cr - 0.91% Ni - 0.61% Mo - 0.30% V -
0.032% Al Composition: 0.24% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.016% S -
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.006% S - 0.012% P - 0.37% Cr - 0.67% Ni - 0.62% Mo - 0.03 V
0.008% P - 0.38% Cr - 0.03% Ni - 0.66% Mo - 0.27% V - Composition: 0.26% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.012% S -
0.01% Cu - 0.010% Al 0.014% P - 1.08% Cr - 0.72% Ni - 1.26% Mo - 0.31% V
Composition: 0.16% C - 3.06% Mn - 0.69% Si - 0.006% S - Composition: 0.27% C - 1.36% Mn - 0.60% Si - 0.006% S -
0.020% P - 0.14% Cr - 0.04% Ni - 0.46% Mo - 0.09% V - 0.016% P - 0.68% Cr - 0.68% Ni - 0.34% Mo - 0.08% V
0.09% Cu - 0.70% W Composition: 0.32% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.40% Si - 1.43% Cr -
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.011% S - 3.30% Ni - 0.33% Mo - 0.19% V
0.010% P - 1.27% Cr - 4.26% Ni - 0.46% Mo - 0.10% V - Composition: 0.33% C - 0.89% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.009% S -
0.23% Nb 0.008% P - 1.13% Cr - 0.16% Ni - 1.19% Mo - 0.22% V
Composition: 0.14-0.20% C - 0.60-1.00% Mn - 0.17-0.37% Si Composition: 0.33% C-- 0.39% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.006% S -
- <0.070% S - <0.070% P - <0.26% Cr - <0.26% Ni - 0.004% P - 1.09% Cr - 3.60% Ni - 0.72% Mo - 0.12% V -
0.06-0.09% V - <0.26% Cu 0.002% Ti - 0.Ql3% Nb - 0.09% Cu - 0.009% Al
Composition: 0.22% C - 1.46% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.006% S - Composition: 0.34% C - 0.26% Mn - 0.13% Si - 0.007% S -
0.020% P - 0.98% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.46% Mo - 0.03% V - 0.010% P - 0.61% Cr - 6.10% Ni - 0.63% Mo - 0.09% V
0.01% Cu - 0.044% Al Composition: 0.34% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.010% S -
Composition: 0.23% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.018% P - 0.006% P - 1.22% Cr - 2.80% Ni - 0.60% Mo - 0.09% V
1.66% Cr - 0.30% Ni - 0.29% Mo - 0.21% V - 0.11% Cu Composition: 0.37% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.006% S -
Composition: 0.23% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.004% S - 0.017% P - 0.87% Cr - 1.70% Ni - 1.18% Mo - 0.18% V
0.016% P - 1.70% Cr - 3.60% Ni - 0.63% Mo - 0.12% V Composition: 0.38% C - 0.46% Mn -0.26% Si - 0.008% S -
Composition: 0.26% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.014% S - 0.019% P - 2.94% Cr - 0.46% Ni - 0.46% Mo - 0.12% V -
0.010% P - 0.46% Cr - 0.81% Ni - 0.61% Mo - 0.06% V 0.06% Cu - 0.010% Al
Composition: 0.26% C - 1.67% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.016% S - Composition: 0.39% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.033% S -
0.023% P - 0.06% Cr - 0.03% Ni - 0.11% Mo - 0.06% V - 0.008% P - 0.94% Cr - 0.19% Ni - 0.03% Mo - 0.003% V -
0.01% Cu - 0.013% Al 0.007% Ti - 0.21% Cu - 0.01% N
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.39% Si - 0.032% S -
Mn- V Quenched and Tempered Steels, 340- 0.006% P - 0.96% Cr - 0.14% Ni - 0.08% Mo - 0.06% V -
341 0.21% Cu - 0.Ql% N
Composition: 0.34% C - 1.31% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.10% V - Composition: 0.40% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.007% S -
0.018% Al - 0.016% N 0.011% P - 1.00% Cr - 1.76% Ni - 0.46% Mo - 0.12% V -
Composition: 0.36% C - 1.62% Mn - 0.47% Si - 0.008% S - 0.07% Cu - 0.010% Al
0.001% P - 0.10% Cr - 0.10% Ni - 0.01% Mo - 0.11% V - Composition: 0.49% C - 0.78% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.012% S -
0.14% Cu - 0.02% Al 0.018% P - 1.04% Cr - 0.60% Ni - 0.96% Mo - 0.09% V
Composition: 0.38% C - 1.63% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.016% S - Composition: 0.66% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.023% S -
0.018% P - 0.02% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.12% Mo - 0.07% V - 0.012% P - 0.76% Cr - 1.63% Ni - 0.24% Mo - 0.14% V -
0.01% Cu - 0.021% .AI 0.06% Cu - 0.010% Al
Composition: 0.46% C - 1.34% Mn - 1.46% Si - 0.013% S - Prestressed Concrete Wires, 355
0.022% P - 0.10% V Composition: 0.67% C - 1.39% Mn - 0.76% Si - 0.009% S-
Cr- V Quenched and Tempered Engineering 0.016% P - 0.03% Cr - 0.32% Ni - 0.19% V - 0.40% Cu -
Steels, 342 0.002% Al - 0.010% N
Composition: 0.43% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.10% V - Composition: 0.69% C - 1.41% Mn - 0.70% Si - 0.009% S-
0.32% Cr 0.030% P - 0.06% Cr - 0.03% Ni - 0.19% V - 0.03% Cu -
Cr-V-Ti Quenched and Tempered Engineering 0.006% Al - 0.007% N
Steels, 342 - 343 Rail Steels, 356 - 357
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.78% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.030% S - Composition: 0.66% C - 1.14% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.016% S -
0.006% P - 0.99% Cr - 0.14% Ni - 0.08% Mo - 0.06% V - 0.024% P - 1.16% Cr - 0.16% V - 0.006% N
0.021% Ti - 0.20% Cu - 0.022% Al - 0.01% N Composition: 0.73% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.010% S -
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.033% S - 0.012% P - 1.68% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 0.46% Mo - 0.06% V -
0.06% Cu - 0.010% Al
0.007% P - 0.99% Cr - 0.14% Ni - 0.03% Mo - 0.12% V -
0.047% Ti - 0.21% Cu - 0.01% N Composition: 0.78% C - 1.61% Mn - 0.48% Si - 0.028% S -
0.014% P - 0.16% V - 0.18% Cu - 0.Ql8% Al - 0.018% N
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.034% S -
0.007% P - 0.96% Cr - 0.13% Ni - 0.07% Mo - 0.06% V - Spring Steels, 357 - 361
0.036% Ti - 0.20% Cu - 0.01% N Composition: 0.27% C - 0.77% Mn - 1.39% Si - 1.64% Cr -
Mn-Mo-V Quenched and Tempered 0.20% Ni - 0.66% Mo - 0.07% V
Engineering Steels, 344 - 345 Composition: 0.30% C - 0.69% Mn - 1.40% Si - 0.78% Cr -
1.71% Ni - 0.31% Mo - 0.04% V
Composition: 0.30% C - 1.91% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.009% S -
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.86% Mn - 1.64% Si - 0.014% S -
0.016% P - 0.67% Mo - 0.07% V 0.024% P - 1.01% Cr - 0.61% Ni - 0.49% Mo - 0.07% V -
Composition: 0.36% C - 1.61% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.007% S - 0.037% Al - 0.022% N
0.016% P - 1.29% Mo - 0.21% V - 0.10% Cu Composition: 0.33% C - 0.86% Mn - 1.62% Si - 0.014% S -
Composition: 0.33% C - 2.16% Mn - 0.32% Si - 2.02% Ni - 0.024% P - 0.81% Cr - 1.80% Ni - 0.40% Mo - 0.07% V -
0.64% Mo - 0.14% V 0.040% Al - 0.020% N
Cr-Mo-V Quenched and Tempered Engineering Composition: 0.36% C - 0.86% Mn - 1.66% Si - 0.014% S -
Steels, 345 - 347 0.023% P - 1.21% Cr - 0.21% Ni - 0.68% Mo - 0.06% V -
Composition:0.32-0.40% C - 4.76-6.60% Cr - 1.10-1.76% Mo 0.037% Al - 0.021% N
- 0.80-1.20% V Composition: 0.36% C - 0.86% Mn - 1.66% Si - 0.014% S -
0.024% P - 1.60% Cr - 0.23% Ni - 0.68% Mo - 0.07% V -
0.039% Al - 0.022% N
xxv
Composition: 0.55% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.87% Si - 0.035% S - 1-3/4 Mn (SAE 1330), 380
0.02% P - 0.10% Cr - 0.10% Ni - 0.55% Mo - 0.22% V Composition: 0.30% C - 1.80% Mn - 0.15% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.64% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.82% Si - 0.011% S - 0.020% S
0.014% P - 1.26% Cr - 0.05% Ni - 0.16% V - 0.03% Cu -
0.006% Al - 0.012% N 1-1/4 Mn (SAE 1536), 381
High-Temperature Creep-Resistant Steels, 361 Composition: 0.36% C - 1.20% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S
- 364
1-1/2 Mn (SAE 1536-1541), 381
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.53% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.010% S -
0.015% P - 2.28% Cr - 0.04% Ni - 1.00% Mo - 0.20% V - Composition: 0.36% C - 1.50% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
0.03% Cu - 0.010% Al 0.020% S
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.010% S - 1-3/4 Mn (SAE 1541, 1335-1340), 382
0.014% P - 2.16% Cr - 0.16% Ni - 0.88% Mo - 0.17% V - Composition: 0.38% C - 1.80% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.025% P -
0.05% Cu - 0.010% Al 0.020% S
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.65% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.015% S - 1-3/4 Mn (SAE 1547, 1345), 382
0.007% P - 1.16% Cr - 0.01% Ni - 1.02% Mo - 0.26% V - Composition: 0.46% C - 1.80% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.020% P -
0.02% Cu - 0.010% Al 0.015% S
Composition: 0.18% C - 0.53% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.007% S -
1 Mn + S (SAE 1212-12L14), 383
0.012% P - 1.00% Cr - 0.96% Mo - 0.19% V
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.45% Mn - 1.03% V - 0.-002% N Composition: 0.10% C - 1.10% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.21% C - 0.48% Mn - 0.97% Si - 2.92% Ni - 0.250% S
1.09% V - 0.01% Al 1 Mn + S (SAE 1140-1146), 383
Composition: 0.24% C - 0.45% Mn - 2.92% Ni - 1.09% V - Composition: 0.42% C - 1.15% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
0.55% Al 0.160% S
Tool and Die Steels, 365 - 367 1-1/2 Mn + S (SAE 1139), 384
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.51% Mn - 1.00% Si - 5.10% Cr- Composition: 0.44% C - 1.50% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
1.26% Mo - 0.97% V 0.250% S
Composition: 0.75% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.019% S - 1-3/4 Si Mn, 384
0.025% P - 4.25% Cr - 0.20% Ni - 1.45% V - 17.54% W
Composition: 0.92% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.019% S - Composition: 0.40% C - 0.85% Mn - 1.75% Si - 0.030% P -
0.025% P - 4.10% Cr - 4.90% Mo - 1.88% V - 6.20% W 0.030% S
Composition: 1.06% C - 4.43% Cr - 0.44% Mo - 2.32% V - 2 Si Mn, 385 - 386
10.32% W - 3.92% Co Composition: 0.54% C - 0.85% Mn - 1.90% Si - 0.030% P -
Composition: 1.13% C - 0.51% Mn - 0.50% Si - 0.022% S - 0.030% S - 0.10% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.16% Ni
0.025% P - 4.02% Cr - 8.80% Mo - 1.24% V - 1.80% W - Composition: 0.59% C - 0.85% Mn - 1.90% Si - 0.030% P -
7.90% Co 0.030% S
Composition: 2.50% C - 2.00% Cr - 0.60% Ni - 5.20% Mo -
Composition: 0.62% C - 0.85% Mn - 1.90% Si - 0.030% P -
7.20% V
0.030% S
Stainless Steels, 368 - 369
1/2 Ni, 386
Composition: 0.20% C - 12.00% Cr - 1.00% Mo - 0.30% V
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.48% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.012% S - 0.55% C - 0.65% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.025% P - 0.025% S -
0.016% P - 12.80% Cr - 0.13% Ni - 0.03% Mo - 0.05% V - 0.65% Ni
0.01% Cu - 0.036% Al 1 Ni, 387
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.51% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.006% S - Composition: 0.36% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
0.022% P - 11.80% Cr - 0.49% Ni - 1.00% Mo - 0.31% V - 0.020% S - 0.85% Ni
0.03% Cu - 0.010% Al Composition: 0.43% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S - 0.85% Ni
1-1/2 Ni, 388
BRITISH ENGINEERING STEELS, 371 - 451 Composition: 0.16% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.020% P -
0.015% S - 0.20% Cr - 0.05% Mo - 1.50% Ni
3 Ni, 388
Introduction, 373 - 376
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.51% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.011% P -
0.007% S - 0.07% Cr - 3.03% Ni - 0.032% Al - <0.01% Ti
0.05 C (SAE 1005-1006), 377
3-1/2 Ni, 389 - 390
Composition: 0.05% C - 0.25% Mn
Composition: 0.10%C - 0.53% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.007% P -
0.06 C (SAE 1005-1006), 377 0.005% S - 0.05% Cr - 3.65% Ni - 0.045% Al - 0.07% Cu
Composition: 0.06% C - 0.30% Mn Composition: 0.33% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.031% P -
0.06 C (SAE 1008), 378 0.027% S - 0.07% Cr - 0.11% Mo - 3.47% Ni
Composition: 0.06% C - 0.50% Mn Composition: 0.40% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.007% P -
1-1/4 Mn (SAE 1518-1524), 378 0.005% S - 0.23% Cr - 0.10% Mo - 3.45% Ni
Composition: 0.19% C - 1.20% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P - 5 Ni, 390
0.020% S Composition: 0.10% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
1-1/2 Mn (SAE 1518-1524), 379 0.020% S - 4.8% Ni
Composition: 0.19% C - 1.50% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P - 9 Ni, 391
0.020% S Composition: 0.09% C - 0.45% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.010% P -
1-1/4 Mn (SAE 1525-1527), 379 0.012% S - 0.10% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 9.00% Ni - 0.030% Al
Composition: 0.28% C - 1.20% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P - 1/2 Cr (SAE 5015, 4118), 391
0.020% Composition: 0.15% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
1-1/2 Mn (SAE 1526-1527), 380 0.020% S - 0.40% Cr
Composition: 0.28% C - 1.50% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S
xxvi
3/4 Cr (SAE 5117-5120,4118), 392 1-1/2 Mn Mo, 403 - 405
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P - Composition: 0.27% C - 1.66% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.026% P -
0.020% S - 0.80% Cr 0.026% S - 0.28% Mo
1 Cr, 392 Composition: 0.30% C - 1.66% Mn - 0,20% Si - 0.026% P -
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.020% P - 0.026% S - 0.28% Mo
0.020% S - 0.96% Cr Composition: 0.32% C - 1.60% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.020% P -
1 Cr (SAE 5130-5132), 393 0.020% S - 0.27% Mo
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P - Composition: 0.36% C - 1.66% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.026% P -
0.020% S - 1.06% Cr 0.026% S - 0.28% Mo
1/2 Cr, 393 Composition: 0.37% C - 1.60% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - 0.020% S - 0.27% Mo
0.020% S - 0.60% Cr Composition: 0.38% C - 1.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
1 Cr (SAE 5140), 394 0.020% S - 0.46% Mo
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P - 1-1/4 Mn Cr, 406 - 407
0.020% S - 1.06% Cr Composition: 0.22% C - 1.10% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.016% P -
1/2 Cr (SAE 5046), 394 0.020% S - 0.60% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.18% Ni - 0.08% V -
0.30% Cu
Composition: 0.46% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.16% C - 1.16% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S - 0.60% Cr
0.020% S - 0.96% Cr
1 Cr (SAE 5145-5150), 395
Composition: 0.20% C - 1.26% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.026% P -
Composition: 0.60% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.026% P -
0.016% S - 1.16% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.16% Ni
0.020% S - 1.20% Cr
1/2 Cr (SAE 5060, 5155-5160), 395 1-1/2 Si Cr, 407
Composition: 0.66% C - 0.76% Mn - 1.60% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.69% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.026% P -
0.020% S - 0.70% Cr
0.026% S - 0.66% Cr - 0.20% Ni
3-1/2 Si Cr, 408
3/4 Cr, 396
Composition: 0.46% C - 0.60% Mn - 3.40% Si - 0.016% P -
Composition: 0.60% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.026% P -
0.010% S - 8.60% Cr
0.026% S - 0.76% Cr
13 Cr (SAE 51405-51409), 396 1-1/2 Ni Mn, 408
Composition: 0.16% C - 1.40% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.07% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.020% P -
0.016% S - 0.20% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 1.60% Ni
0.010% S - 13.0% Cr - 0.20% Ni
13 Cr (SAE 51410), 397 1-3/4 Ni Mo (SAE 4615-4620), 409
Composition: 0.17% C - 0.66% Mn - 0,20% Si - 0.020% P -
0,12% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.020% P - 0.010% S -
0.020% S - 0.20% Cr - 0.26% Mo - 1.80% Ni
12.6% Cr - 0.20% Ni
1-3/4 Ni Mo, 409
13 Cr (SAE 51420), 397 - 398 Composition: 0.24% C - 0,66% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.17% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S - 0.20% Cr - 0.26% Mo - 1.80% Ni
0.020% S - 12.6% Cr - 0.20% Ni
Composition: 0.:'4% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.021% P -
1-3/4 Ni Mo, 410
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.48% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0,016% P -
0.010% S - 13,3% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.32% Ni
0.040% S - 0.16% Cr - 0.26% Mo - 1.76% Ni
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.020% P -
0.010% S - 13.0% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.20% Ni
3-1/2 Ni Mo (SAE 4815-4820), 410
Composition: 0.18% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.009% P -
1/4 Mo (SAE 4012), 399
0.010% S - 0.18% Cr - 0.23% Mo - 3.33% Ni
Composition: 0.17% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S - o.ao% Mo
5 Ni Mo, 411
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
1/4 Mo (SAE 4023-4024), 399
0.020% S - 0.20% Mo - 6.00% Ni
Composition: 0.24% C - 0.90% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S - 0.23% Mo
3/4 Ni Cr, 411
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
1/4 Mo, 400 0.020% S - 0.63% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.86% Ni
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.026% P -
0.020% S - 0.26% Mo
1 Ni Cr, 412
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
1/4 Mo (SAE 4037-4042), 400
0.020% S - 0.86% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 1.16% Ni
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.80% Mo - 0.30% Si - 0.026% P -
0.020% S - 0.26% Mo
1-1/4 Ni Cr, 412 - 413
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.020% P -
1/4 Mo (SAE 4047), 401
0.020% S - 0.66% Cr - 1.30% Ni
Composition: 0.48% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.026% P -
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S - 0.26% Mo
0.020% S - 0.66% Cr - 1.30% Ni
1/2 Mo (SAE 4419-4422), 401 1-1/2 Ni Cr, 413 - 414
Composition: 0.22% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S - 0.60% Mo
0.020% S - 0.96% Cr - 1.46% Ni
1/2 Mo, 402 Composition: 0.14% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.026% P - 0.020% S - 1.66% Cr - 1.66% Ni
0.021% S - 0.63% Mo
2 Ni Cr, 414
1-1/2 Mn (SAE 1513-1518), 402 Composition: 0.16% C - 0,60% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.013% P -
Composition: 0.16% C - 1.40% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - 0.014% S - 1.96% Cr - 0.03% Mo - 2.02% Ni - 0,030% Al
0.020% S
3-1/4 Ni Cr, 415
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S - 0.90% Cr - 3.26% Ni
x xvii
3 Ni Cr, 415 3 Cr Mo, 426 - 427
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.57% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P - Composition: 0.20% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S - 1.16% Cr - 3.00% Ni 0.020% S - 3.10% Cr - 0.62% Mo
4 Ni Cr, 416 Composition: 0.28% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.020% P - 0.020% S - 3.10% Cr - 0.62% Mo
0.020% S - 1.16% Cr - 4.10% Ni Composition: 0.32% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P - 0.020% S - 3.06% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 0.30% Ni
0.020% S - 1.26% Cr - 4.10% Ni 3-1/4 Cr Mo, 428
18 Cr Ni (SAE 51431), 417 Composition: 0.17% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.14% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.67% Si - 0.024% P - 0.020% S - 3.26% Cr - 0.66% Mo
0.012% S - 17.98% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 2.96% Ni - 0.04% AI- Composition: 0.26% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.14% Si - 0.020% P -
0.10% Co - 0.10% Cu 0.020% S - 3.26% Cr - 0.66% Mo
1/2 Cr Mo, 417 - 418 5 Cr Mo (SAE 51501), 429
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - Composition: 0.14% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.016% P -
0.020% S - 0.60% Cr - 0.55% Mo 0.026% S - 4.66% Cr - 0.66% Mo - 0.13% Ni
1/2 Cr Mo, 418 5 Cr Mo, 429
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - Composition: 0.28% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S - 0.40% Cr - 0.46% Mo 0.020% S - 6.00% Cr - 0.66% Mo
3/4 Cr Mo, 418 - 419 9 Cr Mo, 430
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.015% P - Composition: 0.12% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.026% P -
0.016% S - 0.86% Cr - 0.60% Mo - 0.16% Ni 0.020% S - 9.0% Cr - 1.00% Mo
Composition: 0.27% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.13% Si - 0.030% P - 1 Cr V (SAE 6150), 430
0.022% S - 0.74% Cr - 0.66% Mo - 0.19% Ni Composition: 0.60% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.026% P -
3/4 Cr Mo (SAE 4161), 419 0.025% S - 0.96% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.16% Ni - 0.20% V
Composition: 0.60% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - 1-1/2 Mn Ni Mo, 431
0.020% S - 0.80% Cr - 0.30% Mo Composition: 0.19% C - 1.60% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
1 Cr Mo, 420 0.020% S - 0.26% Mo - 0.66% Ni
Composition: 0.18% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - 2 Si Cr Mo, 431
0.020% S - 1.00% Cr - 0.20% Mo Composition: 0.60% C - 0.86% Mn - 1.90% Si - 0.026% P -
Composition: 0.26% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - 0.026% S - 0.30% Cr - 0.26% Mo
0.020% S - 1.06% Cr - 0.22% Mo 1/2 Ni Cr Mo (SAE 8115, 8615-8617), 432
1 Cr Mo (SAE 4130), 421 Composition: 0.16% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% S - 0.020% P - 0.020% S - 0.60% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.66% Ni
0.020% S - 1.00% Cr - 0.20% Mo 1/2 Ni Cr Mo (SAE 8622-8627, 8720, 8822), 432
1 Cr Mo (SAE 4135), 421 Composition: 0.24% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.34% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - 0.020% S - 0.60% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.66% Ni
0.020% S - 1.06% Cr - 0.26% Mo 1/2' Ni Cr Mo (SAE 8625-8630), 433
1 Cr Mo (SAE 4135-4137), 422 Composition: 0.30% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - 0.020% S - 0.60% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.66% Ni
0.020% S - 1.00% Cr - 0.20% Mo 1/2 Ni Cr Mo (SAE 8640-8642, 8740), 433
1 Cr Mo (SAE 4140-4142), 422 Composition: 0.41% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P - 0.020% S - 0.60% Cr - 0.26% Mo - 0.66% Ni
0.020% S - 1.06% Cr - 0.30% Mo 1/2 Ni Cr Mo (SAE 8645-8650), 434
1 Cr Mo (SAE 4145-4147), 423 Composition: 0.48% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.46% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - 0.010% S - 0.68% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.60% Ni
0.020% S - 1.00% Cr - 0.20% Mo 1/2 Ni Cr Mo (SAE 8660), 434
1 Cr Mo (SAE 4147-4150), 423 Composition: 0.60% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.026% P -
Composition: 0.50% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - 0.026% S - 0.60% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.66% Ni
0.020% S - 1.00% C - 0.22% Mo 3/4 Ni Cr Mo, 435
1-1/4 Cr Mo (SAE 4137), 424 Composition: 0.40% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - 0.026% S - 0.76% Cr - 0.26% Mo - 0.86% Ni
0.020% S - 1.16% Cr - 0.20% Mo 1 Ni Cr Mo, 435
11/4 Cr Mo (SAE 4140-4142), 424 Composition: 0.36% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.42% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - 0.020% S - 1.06% Cr - 0.22% Mo - 1.06% Ni
0.020% S - 1.16% Cr - 0.20% Mo 11/2 Ni Cr Mo, 436 - 438
1-1/4 Cr Mo, 425 Composition: 0.16% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.030% P - 0.020% S - 1.06% Cr - 0.16% Mo - 1.40% Ni
0.030% S - 1.26% Cr - 0.60% Mo Composition: 0.16% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.031% P - 0.020% S - 1.66% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 1.66% Ni
0.022% S - 1.23% Cr - 0.61% Mo - 0.14% Ni Composition: 0.36% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
2-1/4 Cr Mo, 426 0.020% S - 1.60% Cr - 0.25% Mo - 1.50% Ni
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.010% P - Composition: 0.40% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
0.010% S - 2.28% Cr - 1.06% Mo - 0.21% Ni 0.020% S - 1.20% Cr - 0.16% Mo - 1.60% Ni
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S - 1.20% Cr - 0.30% Mo - 1.60% Ni
x xviii
1-3/4 Ni Cr Mo. 438 - 439 12 Cr Mo V (SAE 51420 mod). 451
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P - Composition: 0.20% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.030% P -
0.020% S - 1.06% Cr - 0.16% Mo - 1.80% Ni 0.030% S - 12.00% Cr - 1.00% Mo - 0.66% Ni - 0.30% V
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S - 0.80% Cr - 0.26% Mo - 1.80% Ni
2 Ni Cr Mo. 439 - 440 OTHER STEELS, 453 - 520
Composition: 0.17% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P -
0.020% S - 1.66% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 2.00% Ni 8640 & 8740. 455
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.48% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - Composition: 0.42% C - 0.89% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.018% P -
0.020% S - 2.00% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 2.00% Ni 0.016% S - 0.68% Ni - 0.62% Cr - 0.24%
2-1/2 Ni Cr Mo. 440 - 441 AMS 6416 (300-M). 455
Composition: 0.31% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.020% P - Composition: 0.43% C - 0.83% Mn - 1.56% Si - 0.021% P -
0.020% S - 0.66% Cr - 0.66% Mo - 2.66% Ni 0.009% S - 1.84% Ni - 0.91% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 0.12% V
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.020% P - AMS 6418. 456
0.020% S - 0.66% Cr - 0.66% Mo - 2.66% Ni Composition: 0.22% C - 1.30% Mn - 1.36% Si - 1.88% Ni -
3 Ni Cr Mo. 441 - 442 0.22% Cr - 0.38% Mo
Composition: 0.31% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - AMS 6428 and 6434. 456
0.020% S - 1.06% Cr - 0.28% Mo - 3.00% Ni Composition: 0.32% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.19% Si - 0.012% P -
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.020% P - 0.021% S - 1.70% Ni - 0.82% Cr - 0.31% Mo - 0.12% Cu -
0.010% S - 0.68% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 3.20% Ni 0.17% V
3-1/2 Ni Cr Mo (SAE 9310). 442 L6 Tool Steel. 457
Composition: 0.13% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P - Composition: 0.72% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.018% P -
0.020% S - 0.86% Cr - 0.18% Mn - 3.40% Ni 0.010% S - 1.76% Ni - 0.94% Cr
4 Ni Cr Mo. 443 - 444 Composition: 0.76% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.26% Si - 1.36% Ni -
0.75% Cr - 0.30% Mo - 0.15% V
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
0.Q18% S - 1.15% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 4.10% Ni AI0 Tool Steel. 458
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - Composition: 1.36% C - 1.84% Mn - 1.14% Si - 1.81% Ni -
0.020% S - 1.26% Cr - 0.30% Mo - 4.10% Ni 0.15% Cr - 1.41% Mo - 0.38% Graphite
Composition: 0.34% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.020% P - 2315. 458
0.020% S - 1.80% Cr - 0.36% Mo - 4.00% Ni Composition: 0.19% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.016% P -
1/2 Cr Mo V. 444 0.023% S - 3.60% Ni - 0.09% Cr - 0.05% Mo
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P - 2340. 459
0.020% S - 0.40% Cr - 0.60% Mo - 0.15% Ni - 0.26% V Composition: 0.40% C - 0.89% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.021% P -
1 Cr Mo V. 445 0.011% S - 3.34% Ni - 0.11% Cr
Composition: 0.22% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.020% P - 9% Nickel Low Carbon Steel, 459
0.020% S - 1.16% Cr - 0.60% Mo - 0.13% Ni - 0.22% V Composition: 0.10% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.28% Si - 8.66% Ni -
1-1/4 Cr Mo V. 445 0.05% Cr - 0.02% Mo
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.032% P - 3120 Steel. 460
0.026% S - 1.19% Cr - 0.69% Mo - 0.13% Ni - 0.22% V Composition: 0.21% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.017% P -
2-1/2 Cr Mo V. 446 0.016% S - 1.36% Ni - 0.67% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.04%
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.010% P - 3190 Steel. 460
0.016% S - 2.60% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.30% Ni - 0.18% V Composition: 0.91% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.013% P -
3-1/4 Cr Mo V. 446 0.026% S - 1.36% Ni - 0.60% Cr - 0.03% Cu
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.020% P - 3240 Steel. 461
0.020% S - 3.26% Cr - 0.96% Mo - 0.20% V Composition: 0.43% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.026% P -
1 Cr Al Mo. 447 0.021% S - 1.76% Ni - 1.19% Cr - 0.05% Mo - 0.06% Cu
Composition: 0.33% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.020% P - 3330 Steel. 461
0.020% S - 1.16% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 1.00% Al Composition: 0.29% C - 0.21% Mn - 0.06% Si - 0.026% P -
1-1/2 Cr Al Mo. 447 - 448 0.017% S - 3.26% Ni - 1.46% Cr
Composition: 0.31% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.020% P - Krupp 0.15 C Steel. 462
0.020% S - 1.60% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 1.10% Al Composition: 0.16% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.013% P -
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.020% P - 0.020% S - 4.03% Ni - 1.64% Cr - 0.03% Mo
0.020% S - 1.60% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 1.10% Al Krupp 0.90C Steel. 462
Composition: 0.42% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.020% P - Composition: 0.89% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.19% Si - 4.00% Ni -
0.020% S - 1.66% Cr - 0.33% Mo - 1.00% Al 1.68% Cr
1-1/2 Mn Ni Cr Mo. 449 - 451 4330 Steel. 463
Composition: 0.27% C - 1.36% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.025% P - Composition: 0.33% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.043% P -
0.025% S - 0.46% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.75% Ni 0.028% S - 1.41% Ni - 0.72% Cr - 0.28% Mo
Composition: 0.33% C - 1.36% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.025% P - 4330 Mod. (Si + V) Steel. 463
0.026% S - 0.46% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.76% Ni Composition: 0.34% C - 0.98% Mn - 1.37% Si - 0.016% P -
Composition: 0.37% C - 1.36% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.025% P - 0.006% S - 1.82% Ni - 0.96% Cr - 0.42% Mo - 0.14% V
0.025% S - 0.45% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.76% Ni 4630 Steel. 464
Composition: 0.38% C - 1.40% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.030% P - Composition: 0.32% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.016% P -
0.030% S - 0.60% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.76% Ni 0.014% S - 1.70% Ni - 0.12% Cr - 0.23% Mo
Composition: 0.43% C - 1.36% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.026% P - 4695 Steel. 464
0.026% S - 0.46% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.76% Ni Composition: 0.96% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.24% Si - 1.79% Ni -
0.25% Mo
xxix
SAE EX-l Steel, 465 7-1/2% Nickel Steel, 0.25% C, 474
Composition: 0.17% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.010% P - Composition: 0.29% C - 0.15% Mn - 0.13% Si - 0.010% P -
0.015% S - 5.07% Ni - 0.18% Cr - 0.24% Mo - 0.10% CU 0.011% S - 7.61% Ni
SAE EX-2 Steel, 465 7-1/2% Nickel Steel, 0.50% C, 475
Composition: 0.69% C - 0.42% Mn - 0.80% Ni - 0.20% Cr - Composition: 0.48% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.006% P -
0.13% Mo 0.16% S - 7.61% Ni
8695 Steel, 466 7-1/2% Nickel Steel, 0.80% C, 475
Composition: 0.95% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.56% Ni - Composition: 0.79% C - 0.21% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.008% P -
0.52% Cr - 0.19% Mo 0.016% S - 7.53% Ni
9310 Steel, 466 7-1/2% Nickel Steel, 1.2% C, 475
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.70% Mn - 3.19% Ni - 1.26% Cr - Composition: 1.18% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.008% P -
0.11% Mo 0.016% S - 7.64% Ni
9315 Steel, 467 10% Nickel Steel, 0.50% C, 475
Composition: 0.17% C - 0.59% Mn - 0.30% Si - 3.18% Ni - Composition: 0.51% C - 0.21% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.005% P -
1.12% Cr - 0.13% Mo 0.016% S - 10.11% Ni
9395 Steel, 467 10% Nickel, 0.80% C, 476
Composition: 0.95% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.22% Si - 3.27% Ni - Composition: 0.77% C - 0.20% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.006% P -
1.23% Cr - 0.13% Mo 0.019% S - 10.01% Ni
6F4 Tool Steel, 468 10% Nickel Steel, 1.2% C, 476
Composition: 0.22% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.016% P - Composition: 1.17% C - 0.21% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.009% P -
0.026% S - 2.80% Ni - 2.95% Mo 0.019% S - 10.30% Ni
6F5 Tool Steel, 468 Fe-l V -0.2C Steel, 476
Composition: 0.55% C - 0.90% Mn - 1.00% Si - 2.75% Ni - Composition: 0.19% C - 0.92% V
0.40% Cr - 0.45% Mo - 0.13% V Fe-lV-lAI-0.2C Steel, 476
2-3/4 Nickel Forging Steel, 469 Composition: 0.21% C - 0.96% V - 0.97% AI
Composition: 0.29% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.34% P - Fe-lV-1.5Ni-0.2C, 476
0.31% S - 2.72% Ni - 0.04% Cr - 0.05% Mo Composition: 0.20% C - 1.46% Ni - 0.96% V
2-1/2 Nickel Saw Steel, 469 Fe - 0.19 C - 1.81 Mo Steel, 477
Composition: 0.76% C - 0.41% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.012% P -
Composition: 0.19% C - <0.002% Mn - 0.004% Si - 0.006% P
0.023% S - 2.50% Ni - 0.13% Cr - 0.08% Mo - 0.12% CU - 0.002% S - 1.81% Mo
VCM Nitriding Steel, 470 Fe - 4Mo - OAC Steel, 477
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.014% P - 0.018% S - Composition: 0.43% C - 4.0% Mo
0.70% Ni - 1.06% Cr - 1.01% Mo
2-1/2 Ni - 1/2 Mo - V Turbine Rotor Steel, 47C Fe - 4 Mo - 1.0C Steel, 477
Composition: 1.0% C - 4.0% Mo
Composition: 0.34% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.039% P -
0.028% S - 2.52% Ni - 0.14% Cr - 0.42% Mo - 0.02% V Fe - 2.3% Mo - 0.22% C Steel, 477
5-1/4 Ni - 1/4 Mo - V, 471 Composition: 0.22% C - 2.3% Mo
Composition: 0.23% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.25% Si - 5.35% Ni - Fe-C-Mo Steels, 478
0.20% Cr - 0.27% Mo - 0.08% V Composition: 0.14% C - <0.003% Mn - 0.0009% Si - 0.002%
Ni-Cr-Mo-V-Cu-B, 471 P - 0.002% S - <0.005% Ni - <0.004% Cr - 2.29% Mo -
Composition: 0.15% C - 0.92% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.014% P -
<0.002% Cu - <10 ppm N - 168 ppm 0
Composition: 0.15% C - <0.002% Mn - 0.001% Si - 0.001% P
0.020% S - 0.88% Ni - 0.50% Cr - 0.46% Mo - 0.32% Cu - - 0.006% S 2.55% Mo
0.06% V - 0.003% B Composition: 0.17% C - 0.002% Mn - 0.003% Si - 0.002% P -
3-1/4 Ni-Cr-Mo, 472 0.004% S - 0.030% Ni - 0.002% Cr - 2.94% Mo - 0.007% Co -
Composition: 0.33% C - 0.57% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.005% P - 0.004% Cu - 0.002% AI - 0.003% V - 0.004 N
0.007% S - 3.26% Ni - 0.85% Cr - 0.09% Mo Composition: 0.15% C - 3.40% Mo
3 Ni-Cr-Mo-V, 472 Composition: 0.15% C - 3.67% Mo
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.51% Mn - 0.19% Si - 0.013% P - Composition: 0.14% C - 3.98% Mo
0.009% S - 3.02% Ni - 1.37% Cr - 0.48% Mo - 0.18% V Composition: 0.19% C - 2.30% Mo
Composition: 0.19% C - 2.56% Mo
4-1/4 Ni - 1-1/2 Cr - 1/10 Mo, 473 Composition: 0.19% C - 2.98% Mo
Composition: 0.35% C - 0.44% Mn - 0.14% Si - 0.016% P - Composition: 0.17% C - 3.76% Mo
0.008% S - 4.23% Ni - 1.43% Cr - 0.13% Mo Composition: 0.20% C - 4.00% Mo
4-1/4 Ni - 1-1/2 Cr - 1/3 Mo, 473 Composition: 0.18% C - 4.25% Mo
Composition: 0.33% C - 0.51% Mn - 0.17% Si - 0.013% P - Composition: 0.24% C - 2.31% Mo
0.009% S - 4.16% Ni - 1.44% Cr - 0.31% Mo Composition: 0.24% C - 2.56% Mo
5% Nickel Steel, 0.50% C, 474 Composition: 0.26% C - 2.94% Mo
Composition: 0.25% C - 3.19% Mo
Composition: 0.51% C - 0.23% Mn - 0.17% Si - 0.006% P - Composition: 0.24% C - 3.76% Mo
0.017% S - 5.26% Ni Composition: 0.23% C - 4.00% Mo
5% Nickel Steel, 0.80% C, 474 Composition: 0.24% C - 4.28% Mo
Composition: 0.79% C - 0.23% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.007% P - Fe - 7.6 Ni - 0048 C Steel, 478
0.015% S - 5.25% Ni Composition: 0.48% C - <0.01% Mn - 0.011% Si - 0.003% P
5% Nickel Steel, 1.2% C, 474 - 0.004% S - 7.64% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.01% AI
Composition: 1.26% C - 0.21% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.009% P - Fe - 0.61C Steel, 478
0.019% S - 5.30% Ni Composition: 0.61% C - 0.01% Mn - 0.014% Si - 0.003% P -
0.005% S - <0.01% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.01% AI
xxx
Fe - O.13C - 2.99 Cr Steel, 479 Superhardening l2TT Steel, 486
Composition: 0.13% C - 0.002% Mn - 0.001% Si - 0.001% P - Composition: 0.42% C - 1.76% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.031% P -
0.006% S - 2.99% Or 0.029% S - 0.24% Ni - 0.28% Cr - 0.12% Mo - 0.17% Co -
Low Carbon 2.4-4.15% Cr Steels, 479 0.020% Sn - 0.11% Al
Composition: 0.16% C - <0.02% Ni - 2.40% Cr - <0.02% Mo D-6ac High Strength Steel, 486
- <0.001% B Composition: 0.46% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.66% Ni -
Composition: 0.17% C - <0.02% Ni - 3.16% Cr - <0.02% Mo 1.16% Cr - 1.0% Mo - 0.06% V
- <0.001% B Deep Hardening Steels, 487
Composition: 0.14% C - <0.02% Ni - 3.83% Cr - <0.02% Mo Composition: 0.66% C - 0.79% Mn - 0.36% Si - 1.27% Ni -
- <0.001% B 1.00% Cr - 0.29% Mo
Composition: 0.16% C - <0.02% Ni - 4.16% Cr - <0.02% Mo Composition: 0.60% C - 0.37% Mn - 0.24% Si - 3.22% Ni -
- <0.001% B 2.14% Cr - 0.07% Mo
Fe - 10 Cr Steel, 480 Composition: 0.36% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.24% Si - 3.26% Ni -
1.32% Cr - 0.48% Mo - 0.27% V
Composition: Fe - 0.003-0.007% C - 9.6% Cr
Fe-C-Cr Steel, 480 Ni-Cr-Mo Steel, 488
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.032% P -
Composition: Fe - 0.19% C - 4.6% Cr
0.020% S - 2.36% Ni - 0.76% Cr - 0.62% Mo - 0.11% V
Composition: Fe - 0.22% C - 10.6% Cr
Fe-Cr-C Steels, 481 Alloy Steels, 488 - 489
Composition: 0.69% C - 0.96% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.032% P -
Composition: Fe - 0.1% C - 13.0% Cr
0.022% S - 1.06% Cr - 0.64% Mo - 0.12% V
HSLA Steel, 482 Composition: 0.86% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.040% P -
Composition: 0.11% C - 1.61% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.003% S - 0.024% S - 2.47% Ni - 1.21% Cr - 0.60% Mo
0.029% Nb Composition: 0.60% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.036% P -
SAE 1513 + Cb (Nb), 482 0.024% S - 2.76% Ni - 1.26% Cr - 0.60% Mo - 0.12% V
Compoosition: 0.12% C - 1.23% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.03% Al Composition: 0.42% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.030% P -
Croloy 1-1/4, 482 0.022% S - 2.71% Ni - 1.00% Cr - 0.48% Mo
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.38% Mn - 0.62% Si - 0.013% P -
65Nb Steel, 489
0.012% S - 0.17% Ni - 1.16% Cr - 0.48% Mo - 0.10% Cu Composition: 0.66% C - 0.16% Mn - 0.18% Si - 4.02% Cr -
Croloy 2-1/4, 482 2.04% Mo - 1.02% V - 0.26% Nb - 2.99% W
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.42% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.018% P - SAE 1075, 489
0,013% S - 0.27% Ni - 2.16% Cr - 0.96% Mo Composition: 0.76% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.17% Si - 0.013% P -
Croloy 3M, 483 0.016% S - 0.012% Ni - 0.014% Cr
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.017% P - Eutectoid Steels, 490
0.016% S - 0.34% Ni - 2.96% Cr - 0.94% Mo Composition: 0.76% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.02% P -
Croloy 5, 483 0.02% S - 0.017% Cr - 0.006% Mo - 0.003-0.01% Al
Composition: 0.76% C - 0.61 % Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.02% P -
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.012% P - 0.02% S - 0.004% Cr - 0.10% Mo - 0.003-0.01% Al
0.016% S - 0.20% Ni - 4.79% Cr - 0.64% Mo Composition: 0.76% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.02% P -
Croloy 7, 483· 0.02% S - 0.60% Or - 0.16% Mo - 0.003-0.01% Al
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.66% Si - 0.016% P - Composition: 0.76% C - 0.6% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.02% P -
0.036% S - 0.07% Ni - 7.60% Cr - 0.46% Mo 0.02% S - 0.68% Cr - 0.30% Mo
Croley 9M, 483 3.5% Chromium Magnet Steel, 491
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.46% Si - 0.013% P - Composition: 0.93% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.01% P -
0.017% S - 0.28% Ni - 8.40% Cr - 0.96% Mo 0.02% S - 0.16% Ni - 3.66% Cr
2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo Steel, 484 SAE 51100 Steel, 491
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.42% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.018% P - Composition: 0.97% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.020% P -
0.013% S - 0.27% Ni - 2.16% Cr - 0.96% Mo 0.013% S - 1.04% Cr
0.2% Carbon Steel, 484 1.0% C High-Chromium Steels, 492
Composition: 0.2% C - 0.6% Mn - 1.0% Ni - 1.0% Cr - 0.4% Composition: 1.02% C - 0.33% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.016% P -
Mo 0.011% S - 8.8% Cr
PS 32 Steel, 485 Composition: 1.02% C - 0.33% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.22% C - 0.79% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.87% Ni - 0.012% S - 2.9% Cr
0.62% Cr - 0.47% Mo Composition: 1.04% C - 0.18% Mn - 0.36% Si - <0.01% P -
<0.01% S - 4.0% Cr
PS 55 Steel, 485 Composition: 1.06% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.017% P -
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.81% Mn - 0.19% Si - 1.80% Ni - 0.012% S - 6.7% Cr
0.48% Cr - 0.66% Mo Hypereutectoid Carbon Steels, 493
3% Mo Low Carbon Tool Steels, 485 Composition: 1.20% C - 0.91% Mn - 0.23% Si - <0.003% P -
Composition: 0.22% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.016% P - 0.002% S
0.026% S - 2.80% Ni - 2.96% Mo Composition: 1.48% C - 0.90% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.002% P -
Composition: 0.24% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.016% P - 0.0039% S
0.027% S - 2.96% Mo Composition: 1.72% C - 0.90% Mn - 0.26% Si - <0.003% P -
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.017% P - <0.003% S
0.025% S - 2.96% Mo 403/410 Stainless Steels, 494
Non-Superhardening NPL.D Steel, 486 Composition: 0.06% C - 12.8% Cr
Composition: 0.43% C - 1.68% Mn - 0.42% Si - 0.022% P - Composition: 0.10% C - 12.4% Cr
0.042% S - 0.24% Ni - 0.27% Cr - 0.12% Mo - 0.18% Co - Composition: 0.12% C - 12.3% Cr
0.033% Sn - 0.006% Al
xxxi
403 Stainless Steel, 495 H14 Tool Steel, 506
Composition: 0.15% C - 1.00% max Mn - 0.50% max Si - Composition: 0.40% C - 1.15% Si - 5.25% Cr - 4.25% W
0.04% max P - 0.08% max S - 11.50-18.00% Cr H16 Tool Steel, 506
416 Stainless Steel, 495 Composition: 0.54% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.93% Si - 7.83% Cr -
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.79% Mn - 0.74% Si - 0.017% P - 6.90% W
0.190% S - 0.25% Ni - 12.82% Cr - 0.05% Mo - 0.037% N - H21 Tool Steel, 507
0.08% Zr Composition: 0.28% C - 8.25% Cr - 0.25% V - 9.00% W
440A Stainless Steel, 496 D2 Tool Steel, 507
Composition: 0.62% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.17% Si - 16.59% Cr Composition: 1.50% C - 11.50% Cr - 0.80% Mo - 0.20% V
440B Stainless Steel, 496 D4 Tool Steel, 508
Composition: 0.98% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.48% Si - 18.40% Cr - Composition: 2.25% C - 11.50% Cr - 0.80% Mo - 0.20% V
0.55% Mo
0.1% C - 13.0% Cr Steels, 497 - 498 A2 Tool Steel, 508
Composition: 0.97% C - 0.48% Mn - 0.40% Si - 4.58% Cr -
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.10% Si - 0.016% P -
1.04% Mo - 0.25% V
0.013% S - 0.48% Ni - 12.80% Cr
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.09% Si - 0.024% P -
01 Tool Steel, 509
0.012% S - 0.46% Ni - 12.50% Cr - 0.45% Co Composition: 0.85% C - 1.18% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.50% Cr -
Composition: 0.13% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.45% Si - 0.034% P - 0.44%W
0.010% S - 0.52% Ni - 18.2% Cr - 0.99% Co 02 Tool Steel, 509
Composition: 0.18% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.023% P - Composition: 0.87% C - 1.78% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.027% P -
0.008% S - 0.48% Ni - 12.8% Cr - 1.87% Co 0.010% S - 0.15% Ni - 0.20% Cr - 0.03% Mo
Composition: 0.18% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.15% Si - 0.012% P - Sl Tool Steel, 510
0.010% S - 0.51% Ni - 12.4% Cr - 4.9% Co
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.48% Mn - 0.55% Si - 0.024% P - Composition: 0.50% C - 1.25% Cr - 0.20% V - 2.75% W
0.011% S - 0.51% Ni - 18.3% Cr - 8.0% Co S2 Tool Steel, 510
Composition: 0.13% C - 0.42% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.025% P - Composition: 0.50% C - 0.35% Mn - 1.0% Si - 0.018% P -
0.012% S - 0.49% Ni - 13.5% Cr - 11.9% Co 0.018% S - 0.19% Ni - 0.11% Cr - 0.50% Mo
430 Stainless Steel, 499 S5 Tool Steel, 511
Composition: 0.09% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.34% Ni - Composition: 0.60% C - 0.75% Mn - 1.90% Si - 0.25% Cr -
17.20% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.010% AI - 0.03% N 0.30% Mo
442 Stainless Steel, 499 P2 Tool Steel, 511
0.17% C - 0.56% Mn - 0.46% Si - 0.35% Ni - 20.96% Cr - Composition: 0.07% (max) C - 0.55% Ni - 1.35% Cr - 0.20%
0.04% Mo - 0.013% AI - 0.12% N Mo
446 Stainless Steel, 499 P2 (Carburized Case) Tool Steel, 512
Composition: 0.24% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.42% Si - 0.26% Ni - Composition: 0.07% (max) C - 0.55% Ni - 1.85% Cr - 0.20%
24.85% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.010% AI - 0.17% N Mo
M2 Tool Steel, 500 P4 Tool Steel, 512
Composition: 0.81% C - 0.24% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.016% P - Composition: 0.14% C - 0.41% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.19% Ni -
0.007% S - 4.10% Cr - 4.69% Mo - 1.64% V - 5.95% W 5.12% Cr - 0.51% Mo
M2 Mod Tool Steel, 500 P20 Tool Steel, 513
Composition: 0.83% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.25% Si - 3.89% Cr - Composition: 0.30% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.50% Si - 0.80% Cr -
4.80% Mo - 1.80% V - 5.79% W 0.25% Mo
MI0 Tool Steel, 501 Ll Tool Steel, 513
Composition: 0.85% C - 4.00% Cr - 8.00% Mo - 1.90% V Composition: 1.01% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.30% Si - 1.21% Cr
Tl Tool Steel, 501 L2 Tool Steel, 514
Composition: 0.72% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.89% Si - 4.09% Cr - Composition: 0.45% C - 0.70% Mn - 1.00% Cr - 0.20% V
1.25% V - 18.59% W F2 Tool Steel, 514
T2 Tool Steel, 502 Composition: 1.32% C - 0.28% Mn - 0.50% Si - 0.22% Cr -
Composition: 0.85% C - 4.00% Cr - 0.75% Mo - 2.10% V - 3.51% W
18.50% W WI Tool Steel, 515
T4 Tool Steels, 502 Composition: 0.95% C - 0.25% Mn - 0.20% Si
Composition: 0.72% C - 0.23% Mn - 0.48% Si - 4.04% Cr- Composition: 1.14% C - 0.22% Mn - 0.16% Si
4.72% Co - 1.24% V - 18.38% W
W2 Tool Steel, 516
T7 Tool Steel, 503 Composition: 0.95% C - 0.20% V
Composition: 0.73% C - 4.00% Cr - 2.00% V - 14.00% W
W4 Tool Steel, 516
T8 Tool Steel, 503 Composition: 1.05-1.15% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.50% Si - 0.25%
Composition: 0.80% C - 4.00% Cr - 0.75% Mo - 5.00% Co - Cr
2.00% V - 14.00% W
Fe-Ni-Cr Steels, 517
HJ1 Tool Steel, 504 Composition: 0.10% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.30% Si - <0.005% P -
Composition: 0.40% C - 1.05% Si - 5.00% Cr - 1.35% Mo - <0.015% S - 4.00% Ni - 17.0% Cr - 0.005% N
0.85% V Composition: O.l1%C - 0.88% Mn - 0.88% Si - <0.005% P -
H12 Tool Steel, 504 <0.015% S - 7.25% Ni - 15.6% Cr - 0.005% N
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.85% Mn - 0.95% Si - 4.86% Cr - Fe-Ni-Mn Steels, 518
1.45% Mo - 1.29% W Composition: 0.016% C - 8.62% Mn - 0.04% Si - 28.2% Ni -
H13 Tool Steel, 505 0.001% N - 0.015% 0
Composition: 0.40% C - 1.05% Si - 5.00% Cr - 1.35% Mo - Composition: 0.05% C - 8.73% Mn - 22.94% Ni - 0.015% N
1.10% V
xxxii
Ni-Al-Ti-Cb Steel, 519 1010 Mo Steel, 531
Composition: 0.010% C - 0.08% Mn - 0.08% Si - 24.9% Ni - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.002% P -
0.26% Al - 1.68% Ti - 0.15% Cb (Nb) 0.007% S - 0.56% Mo - 0.008% Al - 0.002% N
Alnico Steels, 519 1010 Mo-B Steel, 532
Composition: 0.025% C - 14.90% Ni - 84.75% Co - 8.55% Cu Composition: 0.10% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.002% P -
- 7.00% Al - 0% Ti 0.005% S - 0.0068% B - 0.050% Al - 0.0007% N
Composition: 0.017% C - 14.92% Ni - 84.25% Co - 8.20% Cu 1036 Steel, 532
- 7.00% AI - 2.10 Ti
Composition: 0.87% C - 1.45% Mn - 0.25% Si
Composition: 0.005% C - 14.92% Ni - 84.50% Co - 2.88% Cu
- 7.07% AI - 8.85% Ti 10B36 Steel, 533
Composition: 0.014% C - 14.76% Ni - 84.50% Co - 8.05% Cu Composition: 0.86% C - 1.45% Mn - 0.25% Si
- 7.10% Al - 6.25% Ti SAE 1038 Steel, 534
Ticonal 600, 520 Composition: 0.88% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.015% P -
Composition: 18.6% Ni - 24.0% Co - 8.0% Cu - 7.85% Al 0.030% S - 0.068% Al - 0.008% N
Ticonal 800, 520 Composition: 0.38% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.25% Si
Composition: 18.75% Ni - 28.7% Co - 2.9% Cu - 8.0% Al - - 0.015% P - 0.030% S - 0.063% Al - 0.003%
1.8% Nb N]
Ticonal 1500, 520 SAE 1040 Steel, 535
Composition: 14.8% Ni - 84.1% Co - 8.6% Cu - 7.55% Al - Composition: 0.89% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.010% P -
5.8% Ti O.oI8% S
Ticonal 600 Si-Mod., 520 SAE 1541 Steel, 535
Composition: 18.45% Ni - 24.7% Co - 8.0% Cu - 7.95% Al - Composition: 0.89% C - 1.56% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.010% P -
0.8% Nb + Si 0.024% S
SAE 15B4l Steel, 536
ADDITIONAL STEELS, 521 - 607 Composition: 0.42% C - 1.61% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.006% P -
0.019% S - 0.004% B
Low Carbon Low Alloy High Strength Steels, VAN-80 HSLA Steel, 536
Composition: 0.18% C - 1.28% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.004% P -
523 - 524 0.012% S - 0.09% V - 0.07% Al - 0.018% N
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.80% Si - 0.004% P -
SAE 3140 Steel, 537
0.005% S - 0.80% Cu - 1.11% Ni - 0.58% Cr - 0.49% Mo -
0.08% V - 0.081% sol. Al Composition: 0.41% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.26% Si - 1.28% Ni -
Composition: 0.22% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.007% P - 0.71% Cr
0.011% S - 0.80% Cu - 1.06% Ni - 0.54% Cr - 0.51% Mo - SAE 4024 Steel, 537
0.029% sol. Al Composition: 0.24% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.28% Mo
Composition: 0.22% C - 0.85% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.008% P - SAE 4047 Steel, 538
0.012% S - 0.80% Cu - 1.05% Ni - 0.54% Cr - 0.51% Mo - Composition: 0.51% C - 0.81% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.26% Mo
0.02% V - 0.024% sol. Al
2.6 Ni - 0.4 Mo Steel, 525 SAE 4130 Steel, 539
Composition: 0.81% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.84% Si - 0.021% P -
Composition: 0.80% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.18% Si - <0.02% P -
0.019% S - 0.26% Ni - 0.92% Cr - 0.17% Mo
0.021% S - 2.64% Ni - <0.05% Cr - 0.87% Mo - <0.015% Al
3.6 Ni - 0.5 Mo Steel, 525 SAE 4140 Steel, 540 - 541
Composition: 0.87% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.98% Cr - 0.21% Mo
Composition: 0.80% C - 0.41% Mn - 0.28% Si - <0.02% P -
0.014% S - 8.64% Ni - <0.05% Cr - 0.47% Mo - 0.058% Al Composition: 0.44% C - 1.04% Mn - 0.29% Si - 1.18% Cr -
1 Cr - 1 Mo - 0.2 V Steel, 526 0.15% Mo
Composition: 0.26% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.72% Mn - 0.29% Si -
SAE 43BV14, 541
<0.02% P - 0.025% S - 0.11% Ni - 1.01% Cr - 1.04% Mo - Composition: 0.12% C - 0.57% Mn - 0.29% Si - 1.86% Ni -
0.28% V - <0.015% Al 0.47% Cr - 0.18% Mo - 0.07% V - 0.0014% B
2 Ni - 1.3 Cr - 0.5 Mo Steel, 526 SAE 4315 Steel, 542
Composition: 0.88% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.11% Si - <0.02% P - Composition: 0.16% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.42% Si - 0.008% P -
0.014% S - 2.02% Ni - 1.84% Cr - 0.47% Mo - 0.09% V - 0.029% S - 1.84% Ni - 0.78% Cr - 0.85% Mo
0.040% Al SAE 4330 Steel, 543
3 Ni - 2 Cr - 0.7 Mo Steel, 527 Composition: 0.26% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.89% Si - 0.008% P -
Composition: 0.26% C - 0.41% Mn - 0.22% Si - <0.02% P - 0.007% S - 1.77% Ni - 0.70% Cr - 0.82% Mo
0.024% S - 2.91 Ni - 1.98% Cr - 0.69% Mo - <0.015% Al SAE 4340 Steel, 544
3-1/2NiCrMoV Turbine Disk Steel, 528 Composition: 0.41% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.28% Si - 1.88% Ni -
Composition: 0.8% C - 0.8% Mn - 8.64% Ni - 1.68% Cr - 0.72% Cr - 0.20% Mo
0.49% Mo - 0.08% V SAE 4340+Si Steel, 544
AISI S7 Tool Steel, 529 Composition: 0.43% C - 0.88% Mn - 1.55% Si - 1.84% Ni -
Composition: 0.50% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.80% Si - 8.20% Cr - 0.91% Cr - 0.40% Mn - 0.12% V - 0.088% Al
1.82% Mo SAE 4640 Steel, 545
Duracut Chipper Knife Steel, 530 Composition: 0.42% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.28% Si - 1.77% Ni -
Composition: 0.51% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.82% Ni - 0.24% Mo
4.8% Cr - 1.99% Mo SAE 4815 Steel, 545
1010 Steel, 531 Composition: 0.14% C - 0.45% Mn - 0.22% Si - 3.42% Ni -
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.004% P - 0.21% Mo
0.010% S - 0.0005% N SAE 5140 Steel, 546
Composition: 0.42% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.89% Cr
xxxiii
SAE 5160 Steel, 546 HSLA Steels, 560
Composition: 0.63% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.83% Cr ASTM A710 Composition: 0.05% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.28% Si -
SAE 52100 Steel, 547 0.88% Ni - 0:11% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 1.12% Cu - 0.035% Nb
Composition: 1.06% C - 0.33% Mn - 0.32% Si - 1.44% Cr ASTM A710 Mod. Composition: 0.06% C - 1.46% Mn -
SAE 6115 Steel, 548 0.35% Si - 0.97% Ni - 0.72% Cr - 0.42% Mo - 1.25% Cu -
0.040% Nb
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.009% P -
0.019% S - 0.92% Cr - 0.16% V HSLA 80/10 Composition: 0.05% - 1.00% Mn - 0.34% Si -
SAE 6135 Steel, 549 1.77% Ni - 0.72% Cr - 0.50% Mo - 1.25% Cu - 0.040% Nb
HSLA 100 Composition: 0.06% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.37% Si -
Composition: 0.67% Mn - 0.46% Si - 0.98% Cr - 0.23% V
3.48% Ni - 0.58% Cr - 0.59% Mo - 1.66% Cu - 0.28% Nb
SAE 8620 Steel, 550 0.24C-Mn-Mo-V Composition: 0.24% C - 1.67% Mn - 0.39%
Composition: 0.17% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.62% Ni - Si - 0.14% Ni - 01.17% Cr - 0.22% Mo - 0.11% V
0.60% Cr - 0.20% Mo
0.35C-Mn-Mo-V Composition: 0.36% C - 1.40% Mn - 0.76%
SAE 8620 Steel, 551 Si - 0.06% Ni - 0.07% Cr - 0.19% Mo - 0.14% V
Composition: 0.21% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.002% P - Cu-Ni-Mo-Cb Steel, 561
0.006% S - 0.63% Ni - 0.49% Cr - 0.17% Mo - 0.014% Cu -
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.98% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.009% P -
0.014% Al
0.012% S - 1.21% Ni - 0.32% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 0.63% Cu -
Composition: 0.21% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.002% P - 0.032% Al - 0.014% N - 0.02% Cb
0.006% S - 0.63% Ni - 0.49% Cr - 0.17% Mo - 0.014% Cu - 12.0% Cr - 1.0% Mo-V Steel, 561
0.014% AI
SAE 8630 Steel, 552 Composition: 0.20% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.026% P -
0.009% S - 0.39% Ni - 11.59% Cr - 0.98% Mo - 0.002% Al -
Composition: 0.31% C - 0.94% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.009% P - 0.28% V - 0.0323% N
0.023% S - 0.69% Ni - 0.63% Cr - 0.21% Mo 1-1/4Cr - 1/2Mo Steel Plate, 561
SAE 8640 Steel, 553 Composition: 0.15% C - 0.65% Mn - 0.58% Si - 0.009% P -
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.66% Ni - 0.005% S - 1.40% Cr - 0.59% Mo - 0.027% sol. Al
0.44% Cr - 0.18% Mo Composition: 0.16% C - 0.58% Mn - 0.53% Si - 0.009% P -
SAE 86B40 Steel, 553 0.005% S - 1.41% Cr - 0.59% Mo - 0.062% sol. Al - 0.0003%
Composition: 0.44% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.49% Ni - B
0.66% Cr - 0.14% Mo, B Mn-Mo-V-N Steel, 562
SAE 9260 Steel, 554 Composition: 0.15% C - 1.49% Mn - 0.39% Si - 0.018% P -
Composition: 0.67% C - 0.91% Mn - 1.96% Si 0.015% S - 0.50% Mo - 0.16% V - 0.14% N
SAE 9840 Steel, 554 CrMoZr Structural Steel, 562
Composition: 0.43% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.26% Si - 1.00% Ni - Composition: 0.17% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.54% Si - 0.019% P -
0.81% Cr- 0.23% Mo 0.011% S - 0.89% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 0.031% Al - 0.09% Zr
AISr 01 Tool Steel, 555 2-1/4Cr - IMo Steel, 563
Composition: 0.87% C - 1.21% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.62% Cr - Composition: 0.09% C - 0.44% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.008% P -
0.68% W 0.010% S - 2.25% Cr - 0.99% Mo
AISI S5 Tool Steel, 555 Composition: 0.11% C - 0.41% Mn - 0.43% Si - 0.012% P -
0.012% S - 0.25% Ni - 2.10% Cr - 1.02% Mo
Composition: 0.62% C - 0.72% Mn - 1.72% Si - 0.46% Mo
Fe - 3.8Mn - 0.7Si Steel, 556 lCr-0.5Mo Stuctural Steel, 564
Composition: 0.19% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.30% Si 0.023% P -
Composition: 0.038% C - 3.83% Mn - 0.72% Si - 0.006% P -
0.021% S - 1.07% Cr - 0.48% Mo - 0.047% Al
0.019% S - 0.04% Ni - 0.02% Cr - <0.006% Mo - 0.04% Cu -
0.080% Al - <0.006% Nb - <0.006% Ti ICr-0.5Mo-B Structural Steel, 564
Fe - 2.9Mn - 0.7Si Steel, 556 Composition: 0.19% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.022% P -
0.025% S - 1.03% Cr - 0.49% Mo - 0.006% B - 0.041 Al
Composition: 0.037% C - 2.90% Mn - 0.73% Si - 0.009% P -
0.016% S - 0.02% Ni - 0.04% Cr - <0.006% Mo - 0.03% Cu -
2.7Ni-0.9Cr-0.25Mo-B Structural Steel, 565
0.033% Al - <0.006% Nb - <0.006% Ti Composition: 0.19% C - 0.57% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.018% P -
Mn-Mo-Si-Cr Steels, 557 - 558 0.009% S - 2.72% Ni - 0.87% Cr - 0.25% Mo - 0.10% V -
0.0017% B
Composition: 0.061% C - 1.0% Mn - 1.0% Si
Composition: 0.08% C - 1.17% Mn - 0.70% Si - 0.62% Mo
9Ni-4Co Ultrahigh-Strength Steel, 565
Composition: 0.061% C - 1.13% Mn - 0.77% Si - 0.28% Cr - 0.32% C - 0.13% Mn - 0.15% Si - 0.090% P - 0.005% S -
0.30% Mo 9.05% Ni - 4.07% CO
Hot-Rolled Dual Phase Steel, 558 HY-80 Steel, 566
Composition: 0.06% C - 1.19% Mn - 0.87% Si - 0.38% Mo - Composition: 0.15% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.31% Si - 2.72% Ni -
0.064% Al 1.52% Cr - 0.41% Mo
C-Mn Steels, 559 Composition: 0.19% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.04% Si - 0.007% P -
0.006% S - 3.30% Ni - 1.78% Cr - 0.50% Mo - 0.004% Al
Composition: 0.12% C - 1.33% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.011% P -
0.009% S
Low C MnNiMoB Steel, 567
Composition: 0.11% C - 1.58% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.013% P - Composition: 0.015% C - 1.99% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.006% P -
0.009% S 0.004% S - 1.00% Ni - <0.01% Cr - 0.29% Mo - 0.017% Al -
Composition: 0.11% C - 1.73% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.009% P - 0.002% B
0.010% S HY-80 Steel, 568
Composition: 0.11% C - 1.99% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.012% P - Composition: 0.1% C - 0.1% Mn - 0.05% Si - 10.0% Ni -
0.009% S 8.0% Co - 2.0% Cr - 1.0% Mo
Iron-Manganese-Nickel Steel, 559
Composition: 0.11% C - 3.00% Mn - 0.16% Si - 1.70% Ni -
0.25% Mo
xxxiv
V-Mo-Ti Steel, 569 BS En 16 Steel, 576
Composition: 0.18% C - 0.81% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.40% Ni - Composition: 0.83% C - 1.48% Mn - 0.18% Si- 0.028% P -
0.49% Cr - 0.17% Mo - 0.066% Al - 66 ppm N 0.028% S - 0.26% Ni - 0.16% Cr - 0.27% Mo
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.10% Ni - BS En 17 Steel, 576
0.69% Cr - 0.09% Mo - 0.07% V - 0.021% Al - 0.34% Ti - Composition: 0.38% C - 1.49% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.036% P -
160 ppm N
0.028% S - 0.24% Ni - 0.10% Cr - 0.41% Mo
Rail Steel, 570 BS En 19 Steel, 577
Composition: 0.77% C - 0.96% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.014% p - Composition: 0.44% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.023% P -
0.017% S - 0.10% Cr 0.028% S - 0.24% Ni - 1.19% Cr - 0.87% Mo
9Ni Steel, 570 BS En 23 Steel, 577
Composition: 0.033% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.006% P - Composition: 0.82% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.018% P -
0.007% S - 8.63% Ni - 0.13% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.032% Al - 0.018% S - 8.22% Ni - 0.63% Cr - 0.22% Mo
0.0083% N2
9Ni-Mo Steel, 571 BS En 26 Steel, 578
Composition: 0.88% C - 0.56% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.011% P -
Composition: 0.096% C - 0.48% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.008% P -
0.006% S - 2.42% Ni - 0.74% Cr - 0.46% Mo
0.008% S - 9.30% Ni - 0.17% Cr - 0.61% Mo - 0.046% Al -
0.008% N2 BS En III Steel, 578
15Mo3 Steel, 571 Composition: 0.86% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.13% Si - 0.036% P -
0.032% S - 1.27% Ni - 0.66% Cr
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.016% P-
0.009% S - 0.31% Mo - 0.03% V - 0.004% Al - 0.009% N BS En 160 Steel, 579
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.48% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.016% P -
13CrMo 4 4 Steel, 571 0.043% S - 1.76% Ni - 0.17% Cr - 0.22% Mo
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.016% P - 42Cr Mo4 Steel, 579
0.016% S - 0.07% Ni - 0.84% Cr - 0.48% Mo - 0.01% V -
0.002% AI - 0.011% N Composition: 0.41% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.26% Si -0.008% P -
0.024% S - 0.81% Ni - 1.03% Cr - 0.17% Mo - 0.28% Cu -
lOCrMo 9 10 Steel, 571 0.01% V
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.013% P - 0.27C-1.17Mn-0.31Si-0.48Cr-0.00 13B Steel, 580
0.013% S - 2.43% Cr - 1.06% Mo - 0.01% V - 0.012% N
Composition: 0.27% C - 1.17% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.48% Cr-
X12CrMo 7 Steel, 571 0.0013B
Composition: 0.08% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.68% Si - 0.019% P - Weld Zone CCTs, 581
0.007% S - 0.29% Ni - 6.31% Cr - 0.61% Mo - 0.04% V -
0.003% Al - 0.016% N Composition: 0.094% C - 1.82% Mn - 0.8% Si
8Cr-2Mo Steel, 572 Composition: 0.18% C - 1.3% Mn - 0.27% Si
Composition: 0.19% c- 0.46% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.019% P - C-Mn Weld Metals, 582 - 584
0.018% S - 0.09% Ni - 7.83% Cr - 2.02% Mo - 0.01% V - Composition: 0.06% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.028% P -
0.006% Al - 0.013% N 0.008% S - 0.06% Ni - 0.01% Mo - 71 ppm N - 411 ppm 0
X12CrMo 9 1 Steel, 572 Composition: 0.07% C - 1.36% Mn - 0.62% Si - 0.022% P -
Composition: 0.09% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.62% Si - 0.022% P - 0.006% S - 0.06% Ni - 0.01% Mo - 94 ppm N - 362 ppm 0
0.008% S - 0.14% Ni - 9.29% Cr - 1.01% Mo - 0.04% V - Composition: 0.07% C - 2.12% Mn - 0.88% Si - 0.023% P -
0.009% Al - 0.018% N 0.008% S - 0.06% Ni - 0.01% Mo - 81 ppm N - 317 ppm 0
X20CrMoV 121 Steel, 572 C-Mn-Ni Weld Metals, 585 - 588 .
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.026% P - Composition: 0.06% C - 0.98% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.017% P -
0.009% S - 0.39% Ni - 11.49% Cr - 0.98% Mo - 0.28% V - 0.011% S - 0.06% Ni - 0.06% Mo - 46 ppm N - 446 ppm 0
0.002% Al - 0.0323% N Composition: 0.04% C - 1.20% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.024% P -
12Cr-IMo-IW-V-Nb Steel, 572 0.014% S - 1.10% Ni - 0.07% Mo - 120 ppm N - 430 ppm 0
Composition (approx.): 0.1% C - 0.6% Mn- 0.26% Si - 12.0% Composition: 0.06% C - 1.18% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.022% P -
Cr - 1.0% Mo - 0.28% V - 0.06% Nb - 1.0% W 0.010% S - 2.62% Ni - 0.08% Mo - 178 ppm N - 482 ppm 0
18-0-1 Steel, 573 Composition: 0.04% C - 1.29% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.030% P -
Composition: 0.64% C - 0.44% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.023% P - 0.017% S - 8.68% Ni - 0.08% Mo - 141 ppm N - 432 ppm 0
0.023% S - 4.02% Cr - 0.42% Mo - 1.24% V - 7.44% W Ti-Oxide Bearing Steel, 589
6-5-2 Steel, 573 Composition: 0.079% C - 1.39% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.0007% P -
Composition: 0.61% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.023% P - 0.0007% S - 0.002% Al - 0.012% Ti - 0.0016% N - 0.0017% 0
0.030% S - 3.94% Cr - 2.46% Mo - 1.24% V - 1.60% W Composition: 0.092% C - 1.42% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.0010% P -
2-9-2 Steel, 573 0.0008% S - 0.020% Al - 0.0016% N - 0.0020% 0
Composition: 0.62% C - 0.42% Mn - 0.47% Si - 0.028% P - Si-Mn Steel, 590
0.030% S - 8.97% Cr - 8.16% Mo -1.16% V - 0.99% W Composition: 0.09% C - 0.81% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.017% P -
1524MoV Steel, 574 0.018% S - 0.11% Cu - 0.0060% N - 0.014% 0
Composition: 0.22% C - 1.64% Mn - 0.86% Si -0.014% P - Si-Mn-Ti-B Steel, 590
0.036% S - 0.11% Mo - 0.11% V - 0.011% N Composition: 0.11% C - 1.16% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.013% P -
3.5NiCrMoV Rotor Steel, 574 0.011% S - 0.08% Mo - 0.10% Cu - 0.043% Ti - 0.0034% B -
0.0067% N - 0.020% 0
Composition: 0.26% C - 0.40% Mn - <0.10% Si - 3.60% Ni -
1.60% Cr - 0.60% Mo - 0.10% V T 1 Steel, 591
Cr-Mo-V Rotor Steel, 575 Composition: 0.16% C - 1,00% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.014% P -
0.023% S - 0.94% Ni - 0.63% Cr - 0.46% Mo - 0.34% Cu -
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.037% P -
0.004% Ti - 0.0014% B - 0.06% V - 0.008% Sn
0.036% S - 0.84% Ni - 1.04% Cr - 1.20% Mo - 0.24% V
B.S. En 12 Steel, 575 SAE 1320 Steel, 591
Composition: 0.24% C - 1.69% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.024% P -
Composition: 0.48% C - 0.96% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.018% P -
0.019% S
0.024% S - 0.93% Ni - 0.16% Cr - 0.04% Mo
xxxv
SAE 1050 Steel, 592 TIME-TEMPERATURE PRECIPITATION, 609
Composition: 0.60% C - 0.91% Mn - 652
SAE 4340 Steel, 592
Composition: 0.42% C - 0.78% Mn - 1.79% Ni - 0.80% Cr -
0.33% Mo Carbon Steels, 611 - 612
SAE 4142 Steel, 593 Composition: 0.23% C - 0.86% V
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.010% P - Composition: 0.20% C - 0.023% Nb - 1.04% V - 15 ppm N -
0.026% S - 0.16% Ni - 1.11% Cr - 0.16% Mo - 0.16% CU 13 ppm 0
SAE 52100 Steel, 594 Composition: 0.16% C - 0.020% NB - 0.76% V - 40 ppm N-
41 ppm 0
Composition: 0.99% C - 0.37% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.011% P -
Composition: 0.09% C - 0.016% Nb - 0.48% V - 40 ppm N -
0.022% S - 0.07% Ni - 1.50% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.11% Cu
69 ppm 0
0.44 C Steel, 595 Composition: 0.04% C - 0.02% Mn - 0.020% Nb - 0.56% V -
Composition: 0.44% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.42% Ni - 6 ppm N - 1 ppm 0
0.22% Cr Austenitic Steel, 613
0.82 C Steel, 595 Composition: 0.069% C - 1.13% Mn - 0.34% Si - 25.16% Ni -
Composition: 0.82% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.42% Ni - 16.39% Cr - 0.86% Al - 4.30% Ti - 0.01% N
0.22% Cr Fe-Nb-C Alloy Steels, 613 - 614
Ni-Cr Steel, 596 Composition: Fe - 0.07% C - 0.031% Nb
Composition: 0.80% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.019% P - 0.019% S - Composition: Fe - 0.09% C - 0.036% Nb - 0.003% B
8.60% Ni - 1.26% Cr Composition: Fe - 0.07% C - 1.07% Mn - 0.033% Nb
SAE 4337 Steel, 597 Composition: Fe - 0.07% C - 0.031% Nb
Composition: 0.36% C - 1.46% Ni - 1.1% Cr - 0.27% Mo
Fe-V-C Alloy Steel, 615
Fe-0.2C-5Cr Steel, 597 Composition: 0.12% C - 0.02% Mn - 0.02% Mo - 0.46% V -
0.002% N
Composition: 0.28% C - 6.1% Cr
Ti Bearing Steels, 615
Fe-0.2C-l V Steel, 597 Composition: 0.072% C - 1.50% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.005% P -
Composition: 0.18% C - 1.09% V 0.010% S - 0.06% Ti - 0.01% Al - 0.0062% N
Low Alloy Steel, 598 Composition: 0.068% C - 1.67% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.006% P -
Composition: 0.67% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.80% Si - 0.016% P - 0.010% S - 0.11% Ti - 0.03% Al - 0.0062% N
0.019% S - 1.16% Ni - 1.07% Cr - 0.26% Mo Composition: 0.076% C - 1.61% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.006% P -
Carbon Steel, 598 0.010% S - 0.18% Ti - 0.02% Al - 0.0084% N
Composition: 0.106% C - 0.0086% Si - 0.0016% P - 0.003% S Composition: 0.060% C - 1.43% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.006% P -
0.010% S - 0.26% Ti - 0.01% Al - 0.0070% N
- 0.0006% 0
C-Mn Steel, 598 3.25% Si Steel, 616
Composition: 0.061% C - 0.21% Mn - 3.44% Si - 0.010% P -
Composition: 0.105% C - 1.53% Mn - 0.0036% Si - 0.0015%
0.011% S
P - 0.0017% S - 0.0001% 0
Composition: 0.030% C - 0.08% Mn - 3.30% Si - 0.006% P -
Nb Steel, 599 0.012% S
Composition: 0.10% C - 1.54% Mn - 0.0036% Si - 0.0016% P Nb Steels, 617
- 0.0012% S - 0.04% Nb - 0.0003% 0
Composition: 0.06% C - 0.42% Mn - 0.014% Si - 0.002% P -
Low-Carbon Bainitic Steel, 600 0.009% S - 0.006% Cu - 0.018% Nb - 0.061% Al - 0.004% N
Composition: 0.08% C - 1.67% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.011% P - Composition: 0.06% C - 0.42% Mn - 0.046% Si - 0.002% P -
0.002% S - 0.07% V - 0.03% Nb - 0.018% Ti - 0.042% sol. Al 0.009% S - 0.006% Cu - 0.036% Nb - 0.067% Al - 0.004% N
0.0038% N Nb HSLA Steels, 618
Composition: 0.02% C - 1.60% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.043% Nb -
Composition: 0.067% C - 1.23% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.040% Nb
0.017% Ti - 0.0018% B - 0.0020% N
- 0.02% Al - 0.006% (max) N
0.IC-0.24Mo-B Steel, 601 Composition: 0.066% C - 1.26% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.046% Nb
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.24% Mo - - 0.08% Al - 0.006% (max) N
0.002% B - 0.005% N - 0.048% Zr HSLA Steels, 619 - 621
0.IC-0.39Mo-B Steel, 602 - 603 Composition: 0.062% C - 1.71% Mn - 0.12% Si - 0.016% P -
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.39% Mo - 0.011% S - 0.02% Mo - 0.074% Nb - 0.026% Al - 0.0060% N
0.003% B - 0.006% N - 0.046% Zr Composition: 0.063% C - 1.71% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.018% P -
0.IC-0.66Mo-B Steel, 604 - 605 0.011% S - 0.03% Mo - 0.084% Nb - 0.024% Al - 0.0068% N
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.66% Mo - Composition: 0.060% C - 1.74% Mn - 0.12% Si - 0.017% P -
0.003% B - 0.006% N - 0.044% Zr 0.011% S - 0.29% Mo - 0.076% Nb - 0.022% Al - 0.0061% N
0.2% C - 0.38% Mo-B Steel, 605 - 606 Composition: 0.069% C - 1.70% Mn - 0.12% Si - 0.018% P -
0.011% S - 0.29% Mo - 0.080% Nb - 0.022% Al - 0.0062% N
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.38% Mo - Composition: 0.062% C - 1.76% Mn - 0.12% Si - 0.018% P -
0.003% B - 0.006% N - 0.052% Zr 0.011% S - 0.03% Mo - 0.076% Nb - 0.029% Al - 0.0102% N
Nb Steel, 607 O.l5C Steel, 622 - 623
Composition: 0.16% C - 1.41% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.018% P - Composition: 0.17% C - <0.1% Mn - 0.04% Si - <0.001% P -
0.017% S - 0.031% Nb - 0.020% sol. Al - 0.0064% N 0.004% S - <0.1% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.1% Mo - <0.017%
AI- <0.01% V
Composition: 0.14% C - <0.1% Mn - 0.14% Si - <0.001% P -
0.004% S - <0.1% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.1% Mo - 0.013% Al
- <0.01% V
Composition: 0.17% C - <0.1% Mn - 0.36% Si - <0.001% P -
0.006% S - <0.1% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.1% Mo - <0.006%
Al - 0.01% V
xxxvi
Composition: 0.16% C - <0.1% Mn - <0.1% Si - <0.001% P Ferritic Stainless Steels, 633
- 0.005% S - 0.94% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.1% Mo - 0.007% Al Composition: (A4) 0.06% C - 0.81% Mn - 0.59% Si - 0.026%
- <0.01% V
P - 0.008% S - 0.05% Ni - 24.60% Cr
Composition: 0.17% C - <0.1% Mn - 0.04% Si - <0.001% P - Composition: (A6) 0.06% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.65% Si - 0.024%
0.004% S - <0.1% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.1% Mo - <0.017% P - 0.008% S - 0.08% Ni - 81.00% Cr
Al - <0.01% V . Composition: (A7) 0.08% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.80% Si - 0.05%
Composition: 0.14% C - <0.1% Mn - 0.14% Si - <0.001% P - Ni - 83.03% Cr
0.004% S - <0.1% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.1% Mo - 0.013% Al 25Cr-3Mo-4Ni Ferritic Stainless Steel, 633
- <0.01% V
Composition: 0.17% C - <0.1% Mn - 0.36% Si - <0.001% P - Composition: 0.014% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.019% P -
0.006% S - <0.1% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.1% Mo - <0.005% 0.011% S - 8.90% Ni - 24.53% Cr - 3.54% Mo - 0.32% Al -
AI- 0.01% V 0.17% Nb
Composition: 0.16% C - <0.1% Mn - <0.1% Si - <0.001% P Composition: 0.013% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.012% P -
- 0.005% S - 0.94% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.1% Mo - 0.007% Al 0.009% S - 4.66% Ni - 24.41 % Cr - 3.50% Mo - 0.012% Al -
- <0.01% V 0.32% Nb - 0.08% Ti
Composition: 0.17% C - <0.1% Mn - 0.04% Si - <0.001% P - Austenitic Cr-Mn-C-N Stainless Steel, 634
0.004% S - <0.1% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.1% Mo - <0.017% Composition: 0.43% C - 13.54% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.008% P -
AI- <0.01% V 0.019% S - 0.17% Ni - 23.23% Cr - 0.46% N
Composition: 0.16% C - <0.1% Mn - <0.1% Si - <0.001% P Esshete 1250 Austenitic Steel, 635
- 0.007% S - <0.1% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.1% Mo - 0.039% Composition: 0.10% C - 6.0% Mn - 0.5% Si - 9.6% Ni -
AI- <0.01% V 15.25% Cr - 1.02% Mo - 0.8% V - 1.1% Nb - 0.0066% B
Composition: 0.15% C - <0.1% Mn - <0.1% Si - <0.001% P 304 Stainless Steel, 635
- 0.004% S - <0.1% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.1% Mo - 0.078%
AI- <0.01% V Composition: 0.05% C - -9.0% Ni - -18.0% Cr
Composition: 0.14% C - <0.1% Mn - <0.1% Si - <0.001% P Composition: 0.038% C - -9.0% Ni - -18.0% Cr
- 0.004% S - <0.1% Ni - <0.01% Cr - <0.1% Mo - 0.15% Al Stainless Steels, 636 - 638
- <0.01% V 304 - Composition: 0.06% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.53% Si - 0.018%
Low Carbon Steels, 624 - 625 P - 0.014% S - 9.14% Ni - 19.17% Cr
Composition: 0.05% C - 0.35% Mn - 0.008% Si - 0.013% P - 347 - Composition: 0.05% C -1.56% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.018%
0.027% S - 0.03% Ni - 0.02% Cr - 0.03% Cu - 0.058% Al - P - 0.016% S - 10.30% Ni - 17.86% Cr
0.008% AI202 - 0.0058% acid soluble N 816 - Composition: 0.04% C - 1.54% Mn - 0.58% Si - 0.024%
Composition: 0.05% C - 0.35% Mn - 0.008% Si - 0.013% P - P - 0.015% S - 11.96% Ni - 17.27% Cr - 2.47% Mo
0.027% S - 0.03% Ni - 0.02% Cr - 0.03% Cu - 0.058% Al - 309 - Composition: 0.13% C - 1.54% Mn - 0.39% Si - 0.024%
0.008% AI202 - 0.0058% acid soluble N P - 0.015% S - 18.40% Ni - 23.21% Cr
Composition: 0.055% C - 0.33% Mn - 0.006% Si - 0.010% P -
0.022% S - 0.020% Al - 0.0088 acid soluble N 810 - Composition: 0.05% C - 1.95% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.023%
Composition: 0.043% C - 0.35% Mn - 0.004% Si - 0.010% P - P - 0.007% S - 21.09% Ni - 27.23% Cr
0.023% S - 0.079% Al - 0.0072% acid soluble N 446 - Composition: 0.14% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.64% Si - 0.021%
Fe-0.07% N Steel, 625 P - 0.030% S - 0.30% Ni - 25.51% Cr
Fe-1.9% N Steel, 625 Laboratory Experimental Heat. - Composition: 0.04% C -
0.38% Mn - 0.54% Si - 0.024% P - 0.015% S - 0.08% Ni -
Fe-2.35% N Steel, 626 27.78% Cr
3Mn 5B Steel, 626 Austenitic Stainless Steels, 639
Composition: 0.089% C - 2.86% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.014% Al - 304 - Composition: 0.05% C - 1.73% Mn - 0.60% Si - 0.028%
0.00018% N - 0.0005% B P - 0.012% S - 9.0% Ni - 18.7% Cr - 0.026% N
3Mn 20B Steel, 627 316 - Composition: 0.05% C - 1.81% Mn - 0.63% Si - 0.029%
Composition: 0.061% C - 3.02% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.008% Al - P - 0.010% S - 11.9% Ni - 16.6% Cr - 2.3% Mo - 0.024% N
0.0009% N - 0.0020% B 321 - Composition: 0.05% C - 1.76% Mn - 0.59% Si - 0.024%
HT-50 Steel, 627 P - 0.008% S - 10.5% Ni - 17.6% Cr - 0.35% Ti - 0.011% N
Composition: 0.08% C - 1.4% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.008% P - 347 - Composition: 0.05% C - 1.64% Mn - 0.59% Si - 0.019%
0.002% S - 0.04% Al - 0.008% Ti - 0.0030% N - 0.0014% B P - 0.014% S - 10.4% Ni - 17.6% Cr - 0.025% N - 0.87% Nb
Tempaloy A-I - Composition: 0.07% C - 1.71% Mn - 0.66%
Fe-C Alloys, 628 - 629 Si - 0.028% P - 0.005% S - 9.8% Ni - 18.0% Or - 0.06% Ti -
Composition: 0.05% C - 1.5% AI - 0.0019% N 0.033% N - 0.13% Nb
Composition: 0.02% C - 0.003% Al - 0.0034% N 316 Stainless Steel, 640
Composition: 0.02% C - 0.37% Mn - 0.0186% N
Composition: 0.02% C - 1.0% Ni - 0.015% Al - 0.0010% N
316L Stainless Steel, 640 - 641
Low Carbon Steel, 629 Composition: 0.033% C - 1.55% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.022% P -
0.022% S - 13.6% Ni - 16.4% Cr - 2.12% Mo - 0.025% N -
Composition: 0.046% C - 0.35% Mn - 0.020% P - 0.018% S - 0.0012% B - 0.18% Co - 0.07% Cu
0.03% sol. AI, 0.010% insol Al - 0.006% N Composition: 0.021% C - 1.74% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.030% P -
Ferritic Steel, 630 0.007% S - 12.3% Ni - 17.2% Cr - 2.40% Mo - 0.080% N -
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.5% V 0.0032% B - 0.21% Co - 0.15% Cu
Composition: 0.12% C - 1.3% Mo Composition: 0.023% C - 1.74% Mn - 0.73% Si - 13.1% Ni -
2-1/4 Cr - 1% Mo Steel, 631 - 632 17.3% Cr - 2.66% Mo
Composition: 0.15% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.018% P - 316 Stainless Steel, 642
0.012% S - 0.165% Ni - 2.12% Cr - 0.94% Mo - 0.077% Cu - Composition: 0.066% C - 1.57% Mn - 0.21% Si - 12.8% Ni -
0.009% Sn 17.4%. Cr - 2.05% Mo
12% Cr Martensitic Steels, 632 Composition: 0.05% C - 1.68% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.023% P -
Composition: 0.21% C - 13.2% Cr - 0.024% N 0.012% S - 11.85% Ni - 16.81% Cr - 2.21% Mo - 0.16% Cu -
Composition: 0.18% C - 0.58% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.18% Ni - 0.030% Al - 0.007% Sn - 0.002% Pb - 0.002% B
11.7% Cr - 0.49% Mo - 0.01% Al - 0.38% V - 0.20% Nb-
0.033% N
xxxvii
316 Austenitic Stainless Steel, 642 TIME-TEMPERATURE EMBRITTLEMENT,
Composition: 0.06% C - 1.72% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.012% P - 653 - 700
0.007% S - 13.30% Ni - 17.30% Cr - 2.33% Mo - 0.003% Ti
Titanium Modified 316 Stainless Steel, 643 SAE 1050 Steel, 655
Composition: 0.067% C - 1.41% Mn - 0.03% Si - 0.006% P - Composition: 0.46% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.02% P - 0.034% S -
0.004% S - 13.96% Ni - 17.62% Cr - 2.61% Mo - 0.29% Ti - 0.03% Ni - 0.12% Cr
0.004% N C-Mn Steel, 655
321 Stainless Steel, 643 Composition: 0.26% C - 1.63% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.021% P -
Composition: 0.06% C - 1.69% Mn - 0.64% Si - 0.012% P - 0.034% S
0.006% S - 9.68% Ni - 17.48% Cr - 0.60% Ti - 0.011% N C-Mn-B Steel, 656
Stainless Steel, 644 Composition: 0.26% C - 1.67% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.021% P -
Composition: 0.088% C - 1.06% Mn - 0.42% Si - 8.0% Ni - 0.032% S - 0.0034% B
24.86% Cr - 0.0116% N SAE 5140 Steel, 657
308 Stainless Steel, 644 Composition: 0.46% C ~ 0.77% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.016% P -
Composition: 0.068% C - 1.61% Mn - 0.49% Si - 0.018% P - 0.013% S - 0.72% Cr
0.012% S - 10.28% Ni - 20.89% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.06% V - SAE 4047 Steel, 657
<0.01% Ti - <0.001% B - 0.10% Cu - 0.039% N2
Composition: 0.48% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.019% P -
308CRE Stainless Steel, 644 0.016% S - 0.14% Ni - 0.13% Cr - 0.26% Mo
Composition: 0.043% C - 1.96% Mn - 0.62% Si - 0.011% P -
0.016% S - 9.98% Ni - 19.96% Cr - <0.01% Mo - 0.04% V -
SAE 3140 Steel, 658 - 659
0.67% Ti - 0.002% B - 0.03% Cu - 0.011% N2 2.25Cr-IMo Steel, 660
Austenitic Stainless Steel, 645 Composition: 0.07% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.020% P -
Composition: 0.142% C - 1.20% Mn - 0.66% Si - 19.08% Ni - 0.023% S - <0.1% Ni - 2.1% Cr - 1.0% Mo
22.46% Cr Ni-Cr Steel, 660
X 5 CrNiMo 17 13 Steel, 645 - 646 Composition: 0.26% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.07% Si - 0.026% P -
0.020% S - 3.63% Ni - 0.84% Cr
Composition: 0.042% C - 1.60% Mn - 0.46% Si - 14.34% Ni -
17.76% Cr - 4.72% Mo - 0.026% N Alloy Steel, 66i - 663
Composition: 0.048% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.64% Si - 0.017% P - Composition: 0.33% C - 0.23% Mn - 0.06% Si - 0.013% P -
0.011% S - 13.66% Ni - 16.80% Cr - 4.80% Mo - 0.039% N 0.021% S - 3.78% Ni - 1.79% Cr
Composition: 0.060% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.49% Si - 0.016% P - Composition: 0.44% C - 1.64% Mn - 0.06% Si - 0.029% P -
0.011% S - 13.46% - 17.06% Cr - 4.73% Mo - 0.146% N 0.022% S - 1.84% Ni - 1.64% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 0.16% V
Austenitic Steel, 647 Fe-30Cr (Alloy 90) Steel, 664
Composition: 0.046% C - 1.14% Mn - 0.36% Si - 26.6% Ni - Ferritic Stainless Steels, 664 - 665
16.6% Cr - 4.10% Ti - 0.009% N Composition: 0.002% C - <0.01% Mn - <0.01% Si - 0.001%
310 Stainless Steel, 647 - 648 P - 17.36% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.003% N
Composition: 0.11% C - 1.76% Mn - 0.70% Si - 0.02% P - Composition: 0.004% C - <0.01% Mn - <0.01% Si - 0.001%
0.011% S - 19.76% Ni - 24.66% Cr - 0.31% Mo - 0.061% Al - P - 17.61% Cr - 2.02% Mo - 0.004% N
0.12% Cu - 0.0016% B - 0.006% Pb - 0.004% Sn Composition: 0.003% C - <0.01% Mn - <0.01% Si - 13.68%
Cast 25.7%Cr-22.8%Ni Austenitic Stainless Cr - 0.08% Mo - 0.004% N
Composition: 0.002% C - <0.01% Mn - <0.01% Si - 13.60%
Steel, 648 Cr - 1.88% Mo - 0.004% N
Composition: 0.24% C - 1.72% Mn - 2.13% Si - 0.008% P - Composition: 0.044% C - 0.64% Mn - 0.31% Si - 18.04% Cr -
0.010% S - 22.8% Ni - 26.7% Cr - 0.016% N 0.01% Mo - 0.091% N
316 Stainless Steel, 649 Composition: 0.043% C - 0.64% Mn - 0.31% Si - 18.03% Cr -
Wrought 316 Stainless Steel and 19-12-3 Weld 1.94% Mo - 0.092% N
Metal, 649 Composition: 0.044% C - 0.64% Mn - 0.31% Si - 17.94% Cr -
1.93% Mo - 0.062% N - 0.42% Ti
Wrought 316 Steel Composition: 0.04-0.10% C - <2.00% Mn
Ti-stabilized Steel - Composition: 0.013% C - 0.46% Mn -
- <1.00% Si - <0.046% P - <0.030% S - 10.6-14.0% Ni -
16.0-18.6% Cr - 2.00-3.00% Mo 0.27% Si - 0.020% P - 0.011% S - 17.4% Cr - 2.02% Mo -
19-12-3 Weld Metal Composition: <0.08% C - 0.50-2.60% 0.0148% N - 0.24% Ti
Mn - <1.00% Si - <0.040% P - <0.036% S - 10.0-14.0 Ni - Nb-stabilized Steel - Composition: 0.013% C - 0.49% Mn -
17.0-20.0 % Cr - 2.6-3.6% Mo 0.27% Si - 0.019% P - 0.013% S - 17.4% Cr - 2.00% Mo -
0.0096% N - 0.35% Nb
Duplex Stainless Steel, 650
Composition: 0.028% C - 1.63% Mn - 0.46% Si - 0.031% P -
Duplex Stainless Steels, 666
6Mo Composition: 0.026% C - 0.26% Mn - 0.10% Si - 0.012%
0.012% S - 6.00% Ni - 21.8% Cr - 3.12% Mo - 0.113% N -
0.06% Cu P - 0.016% S - 7.38% Ni - 24.49% Cr - 4.99% Mo - 0.36% N
6Mo Composition: 0.018% C - 0.28% Mn - 0.14% Si - 0.011%
Uranus 50 Duplex Stainless Steel, 650 P - 0.012% S - 9.18% Ni - 23.82% Cr - 6.98% Mo - 0.20% N
Composition: 0.032% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.46% Si - 0.022% P -
0.021% S - 7.38% Ni - 21.08% Cr - 2.39% Mo - 1.33% Cu -
ELI Ferritic Stainless Steel, 666
0.003% B - 0.071% N - <0.01% Ti (33% ferrite) Composition: 0.074% C - 0.12% Si - 0.013% P - 0.002% S -
Duplex Stainless Steel, 651 3.93% Ni - 24.8% Cr - 4.06% Mo - 0.0117% N - 0.61% Nb
Composition: 0.03% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.6% Si - 6.0% Ni-
Ferritic Cr-Mo-Ni Stainless Steels, 667
26.0% Cr - 1.3% Mo 29Cr-4Mo Ferritic Stainless Steel, 668
Composition: 0.02% C - 0.94% Mn - 0.48% Si - 0.02% P - 29-4 Ferritic Stainless Steel, 668
0.009% S - 6.64% Ni - 26.3% Cr - 2.96% Mo - 0.49% Cu - Composition: 0.004% C - 0.1% Mn - 0.1% Si - 0.01% P -
0.11% N - 0.32% W 0.016% S - 0.1% Ni - 29.0% Cr - 4.0% Mo - 0.012% N
xxxviii
29%Cr-4Mo-2Ni Ferritic Stainless Steel, 669 316L Stainless Steel, 681
Composition: 0.0040% C - 0.04% Mn - 0.02% Si - 0.007% P - Composition: 0.023% C - 1.40% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.018% P -
0.012% S - 2.17% Ni - 29.5% Cr - 4.0% Mo - 0.0146% N - 0.013% S - 12.62% Ni - 18.42% Cr - 3.00% Mo - 0.020% N 2
0.06% Al - 0.0011% 0 304L Stainless Steel, 682
Uranus 50 Duplex Stainless Steel, 669 Composition: 0.020% C - 1.40% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.032% P -
Composition: 0.032% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.45% Si - 0.022% P - 0.013% S - 10.30% Ni - 18.10% Cr - 0.32% Mo - 0.24% Cu -
0.021% S - 7.38% Ni - 21.08% Cr - 2.39% Mo - 1.33% Cu - 0.039% N
0.071% N - 0.003% B - <0.01% Ti (33% ferrite) 304 Stainless Steel, 682 - 685
AL-6X Austenitic Stainless Steel, 669 Composition: 0.038% C - 1.60% Mn - 0.45% Si - 0.021% P -
Composition: 0.02% C - 1.5% Mn - 0.4% Si - 0.02% P - 0.019% S - 9.2% Ni - 18.4% Cr - <0.03% Ti - <0.03%
0.002% S - 24.5% Ni - 20.5% Cr - 6.3% Mo Cb+Ta - 0.027% AI+Ta
12% Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel, 670 - 671 18%Cr-8%Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel, 685
Composition: 0.009% C - 12.77% Cr - 0.002% N - 0.15% Ti 304 Stainless Steel, 686 - 687
Composition: 0.006% C - 12.66% Cr - 0.018% Ni - 0.40% Ti Composition: 0.069% C - 0.01% Si - 0.003% P - 0.009% S -
Composition: 0.002% C - 13.20% Cr - 0.011% N - 0.42% Ti 9.4% Ni - 18.6% Cr - 0.002% N
Fe-26Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel, 672 Composition: 0.063% C - 0.01% Si - 0.060% P - 0.003% S -
9.4% Ni - 17.6% Cr - 0.001% N
Composition: 0.0023% C - 0.01% Mn - 0.106% Si - 0.018% P Composition: 0.068% C - 0.01% Si - 0.003% P - 0.033% S -
- 0.015% S - 0.072% Ni - 25.5% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.0083% N 9.6% Ni - 18.6% Cr - 0.002% N
18Cr-2Mo-Ti Stabilized Fcrritic Stainless Steel, Composition: 0.022% C - 0.01% Si - 0.004% P - 0.006% S -
672 - 673 9.2% Ni - 18.5% Cr - 0.01% N
Composition: 0.023% C - 0.33% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.019% P - Composition: 0.022% C - 0.01% Si - 0.060% P - 0.006% S -
0.012% S - 0.33% Ni - 17.15% Cr - 2.23% Mo - 0.04% Cu - 9.2% Ni - 18.2% Cr - 0.01% N
0.05% Co - 0.61% Ti Composition: 0.005% C - 0.030% S - 9.5% Ni - 18.5% Cr
Austenitic Stainless Steels, 673 - 676 Composition: 0.078% C - 1.12% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.025% P -
0.027% S - 8.49% Ni - 18.1% Cr - 0.21% Cu
Composition: 0.069% C - 9.4% Ni - 18.6% Cr - 0.002% N
Composition: 0.045% C - 9.51% Ni - 17.22% Cr - 0.003% N
316 Stainless Steel, 687
Composition: 0.028% C - 9.2% Ni - 18.5% Cr - 0.010% N Composition: 0.057% C - 0.54% Si - 1.67% Mn - 0.035% P -
Composition: 0.013% C - 9.5% Ni - 18.5% Cr - 0.010% N 0.025% S - 12.77% Ni - 17.14% Cr - 2.21% Mo - 0.31% Cu
Composition: 0.067% C - 8.76% Ni - 17.67% Cr - 2.0% Mo - 20% Cr and 12 to 46% Ni Stainless Steels, 688
0.035% N 316 Stainless Steel, 689
Composition: 0.067% C - 8.80% Ni - 17.65% Cr - 2.03% Mo - Composition: 0.057% C - 1.65% Mn - <0.07% Si - <0.025%
0.096% N P - 0.007% S - 12.44% Ni - 16.62% Cr - 2.32% Mo - 0.135%
Composition: 0.013% C - 8.49% Ni - 17.30% Cr - 0.037% N Cu - <0.01% Ti - <0.01% Nb
Composition: 0.015% C - 8.77% Ni - 17.96% Cr - 0.097% N
Composition: 0.069% C - 9.4% Ni - 18.6% Cr - 0.002% N Austenitic 308 Stainless Steel, 689
Composition: 0.077% C - 11.6% Ni - 18.08% Cr - 2.0% Mo - Composition: 0.040% C - 1.76% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.016% P -
0.097% N 0.008% S - 9.82% Ni - 20.95% Cr
Composition: 0.064% C - 8.53% Ni - 17.38% Cr - 0.124% N Duplex 308 Stainless Steel, 689 - 690
Composition: 0.067% C - 8.80% Ni - 17.65% Cr - 2.03% Mo - Composition: 0.040% C - 1.76% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.016% P -
0.096% N 0.008% S - 9.82% Ni - 20.95% Cr
Composition: 0.068% C - 1.89% Mn - 8.67% Ni - 17.72% Cr AISI 321 Stainless Steel, 690 - 692
- 0.091% N
Composition: 0.028% C - 1.64% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.03% P - Composition: 0.09% C - 1.17% Mn - 0.37% Si - 13.4% Ni -
9.78% Ni - 16.29% Cr - 2.53% Mo - 0.078% N 18.1% Cr - 0.51% Ti - 0.017% N
Composition: 0.034% C - 1.51% Mn - 0.64% sr- 0.04% P - Rolled Stainless Steel and 18Cr-l0Ni Weld
8.83% Ni - 18.02% Cr - 0.002% N Metal, 692 - 693
Composition: 0.029% C - 1.54% Mn - 0.52% Si - 0.03% P - Composition: 0.039% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.72% Si - 10.57% Ni -
11.88% Ni - 18.13% Cr - 0.13% N 18.63% Cr - <0.01% Mo, Ferrite content = 0.5%
Composition: 0.030% C - 1.6% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.03% P - Composition: 0.023% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.74% Si - 10.62% Ni -
7.88% Ni - 18.58% Cr - 0.108% N 19.09% Cr - <001% Mo, Ferrite content 1.1%
Composition: 0.038% C - 1.59% Mn - 0.49% Si - 0.03% P - Composition: 0.016% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.80% Si - 11.09% Ni -
9.52% Ni - 20.22% Cr - 0.083% N 19.28% Or - <0.01 % Mo, Ferrite content = 0.7%
Austenitic Steel, 677 - 678 Rolled Stainless Steel and 18Cr-12Ni-2.8Mo
Composition: 0.030% C - 14.37% Ni - 17.78% Cr - 2.04% Mo Weld Metal, 693
- 0.024% N Composition: 0.025% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.72% Si - 12.84% Ni -
Composition: 0.025% C - 9.0% Ni - 18.0% Cr
18.44% Cr - 2.75% Mo, Ferrite content 0.3%
Composition: 0.028% C - 21.65% Ni - 25.29% Cr - 0.041% N
Composition: 0.026% C - 14.97% Ni - 18.02% Cr - 0.027% N Rolled Stainless Steel and 18Cr-lONi Weld
Composition: 11% Ni - 18.5% Cr Metal, 694
304 Stainless Steel, 678 Rolled Stainless Steel and 18Cr-12Ni-2 to 3Mo
18%Cr-15%Ni Stainless Steel, 678 Weld Metal, 694
347 Stainless Steel, 679 - 680 Austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo Steel X 5 CrNiMo 17 13,
Composition: 0.07% C - 0.38% Si - 1.50% Mn - 0.031% P - 694
0.008% S - 11.75% Ni - 18.41% Cr - 0.81% Cb - 0.050% N2 Composition: 0.042% C - 1.50% Mn - 0.45% Si - 14.34% Ni -
Composition: 0.08% 0 - 1.28% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.020% P - 17.76% Cr - 4.72% Mo - 0.025% N
0.022% S - 10.72% Ni - 18.30% Cr - 0.77% Cb - 0.030% N2
304L Stainless Steel, 681
Composition: 0.022% C - 1.04% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.021% P -
0.018% S - 9.39% Ni - 19.31% Cr - 0.053% N2
xxxix
Alloy 800, 695 - 699 Composition: 2.89% C - 3.08% Mn - 0.61% Si - 17.0% Cr -
Composition: 0.019% C - 1.21% Mn - 0.49% Si - 83.5% Ni - 1.49% Mo
20.6% Cr - 0.01% Cu - 0.51% AI - 0.46% Ti - 0.027% N Composition: 2.94% C - 0.78% Mn - 0.58% Si - 1.16% Ni -
Composition: 0.029% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.48% Si - 0.007% P - 17.6% Cr - 0.54% Mo
0.011% S - 88.40% Ni - 21.30% Cr - 0.07% Cu - 0.41% Ti - Composition: 2.93% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.56% Si - 2.07% Ni -
0.18% AI - 158 ppm N 17.5% Cr - 0.45% Mo
Composition: 0.028% C - 0.56% Mn - 0.46% Si - 0.008% P - Composition: 2.90% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.55% Si - 0.61% Ni -
0.004% S - 83.20% Ni - 21.50% Cr - 0.07% Cu - 0.50% Ti - 17.4% Cr - 1.43% Mo
0.05% AI - 150 ppm N
Composition: 2.93% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.55% Si - 1.10% Ni -
Composition: 0.080% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.89% Si - 0.008% P -
0.005% S - 88.80% Ni - 21.75% Cr - 0.07% Cu - 0.55% Ti - 17.4% Cr - 2.43% Mo
0.19% AI - 154 ppm N Composition: 2.91% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.58% Si - 17.4% Cr -
Composition: 0.029% C - 0.59% Mn - 0.45% Si - 0.008% P - 0.56% Mo - 1.02% Cu
0.012% S - 88.25% Ni - 21.75% Cr - 0.07% Cu - 0.50% Ti - Composition: 2.93% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.55% Si - 17.5% Cr-
0.28% AI - 150 ppm N 0.56% Mo - 1.95% Cu
Composition: 0.080% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.49% Si - 0.007% P - Composition: 2.96% C - 0.79% Mn - 0.52% Si - 17.5% Cr -
0.005% S - 88.25% Ni - 21.85% Cr - 0.07% Cu - 0.20% Ti - 1.55% Mo - 0.98% Cu
0.20% AI - 150 ppm N Composition: 2.88% C - 0.78% Mn - 0.60% Si - 16.9% Cr-
Composition: 0.029% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.47% Si - 0.007% P - 1.52% Mo - 1.74% Cu
0.005% S - 88.45% Ni - 21.40% Cr - 0.06% Cu - 0.31% Ti -
0.19% AI - 151 ppm N Composition: 2.96% C - 0.79% Mn - 0.93% Si - 17.5% Cr -
Carpenter 20Cb-3 Stainless Steel Strip, 699- 1.55% Mo - 0.98% Cu
Composition: Fe - 2.19% C - 11.65% Cr - 0.02% Mo
700
Composition: Fe - 2.13% C - 11.30% Cr - 1.41% Mo
Composition: 0.036% C - 0.23% Mn - 0.88% Si - 0.020% P -
0.004% S - 83.70% Ni - 19.76% Cr - 2.25% Mo - 8.14% Cu - Composition: Fe - 1.95% C - 10.8% Cr - 3.80% Mo
0.79% Cb Composition: Fe - 2.65% C - 12.65% Cr - 0.02% Mo
Duplex Stainless Steels, 700 Composition: Fe - 2.55% C - 12.40% Cr - 1.25% Mo
Composition: 0.030% C - 1.29% Mn - 0.78% Si - 0.022% P - Composition: Fe - 2.41% C - 12.15% Cr - 2,45% Mo
0.014% S - 5.14% Ni - 24.75% Cr - 1.80% Mo - 0.071% N Composition: Fe - 3.51% C - 12.20% Cr - 0.02% Mo
Composition: 0.020% C - 1.19% Mn - 0.81% Si - 0.027% P -
Composition: Fe - 3.39% C - 11.95% Cr - 1.36% Mo
0.009% S - 5.52% Ni - 21.90% Cr - 2.97% Mo - 0.151% N
Composition: Fe - 3.25% C - 11.80% Cr - 2.60% Mo
Composition: Fe - 2.08% C - 15.85% Cr - trace level Mo
IRONS, 701 - 766 Composition: Fe - 2.05% C - 15.60% Cr - 0.81% Mo
Composition: Fe - 1.96% C - 15.40% Cr - 2.20% Mo
Composition: Fe - 2.67% C - 14.95% Cr - trace level Mo
Gray Cast Irons, 703 - 704 Composition: Fe - 2.67% C - 15.20% Cr - 1.09% Mo
Composition: 8.68% C -2.92% GC" - 0.71% CC" - 0.53% Composition: Fe - 2.60% C - 15.20% Cr - 1.95% Mo
Mn - 1.75% Si - 0.56% P - 0.10% S Composition: Fe - 8.58% C - 14.45% Cr - trace level Mo
Composition: 8.68% C - 2.56% GC" 1.12% CC" - 0.87% Composition: Fe - 8.58% C - 14.65% Cr - 0.52% Mo
Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.28% P - 0.11% S - 2.03% Ni Composition: Fe - 3.56% C - 14.60% Cr - 1.47% Mo
Composition: Fe - 1.17% C - 0.75% Mn - 2.0% Si - 0.30%
Mo - 0.60% Cu Composition: Fe - 4.10% C - 15.10% Cr - trace level Mo
Malleable Irons, 704 - 705 Composition: Fe - 3.96% C - 14.80% Cr - 1.45% Mo
Composition: Fe - 2.60% C - 0.42% Mn - 1.43% Si - Composition: Fe - 3.81% C - 14.75% Cr - 2.50% Mo
0.017% Mo - 0.002% B Composition: Fe - 4.18% C - 18.22% Cr - 0.05% Mo
Composition: Fe - 2.58% C - 0.42% Mn - 1.37% Si - 0.15% Composition: Fe - 4.08% C - 18.00% Cr - 1.14% Mo
Mo - 0.001% B Composition: Fe - 3.96% C - 17.55% Cr - 2.53% Mo
Composition: Fe - 2.58% C - 0.40% Mn - 1.44% Si - 0.32% Composition: Fe - 2.08% C - 20.55% Cr - <0.01% Mo
Mo - 0.001% B
Composition: Fe - 2.57% C - 0.48% Mn - 1.44% Si - 0.27% Composition: Fe - 2.04% C - 20.55% Cr - 0.61% Mo
P - 0.11% S - 0.05% Cr - 0.008% AI - 0.0028% B Composition: Fe - 1.98% C - 20.25% Cr - 2.14% Mo
White Irons, 706 Composition: Fe - 2.67% C - 20.75% Cr - <0.01% Mo
Composition: 2.75% C - 0.13% Mn - 1.21% Si - 0.008% S Composition: Fe - 2.54% C - 20.22% Cr - 1.52% Mo
Composition: 2.71% C - 0.44% Mn - 1.22% Si - 0.007% S Composition: Fe - 2.45% C - 19.82% Cr - 2.94% Mo
Composition: 2.70% C - 0.72% Mn - 1.24% Si - 0.007% S Composition: Fe - 8.62% C - 20.35% Cr - <0.01% Mo
Composition: 2.73% C - 0.03% Mn - 1.25% Si - 0.015% S
Composition: Fe - 8.51% C - 20.10% Cr - 1.37% Mo
Composition: 2.73% C - 0.02% Mn - 1.23% Si - 0.064% S
Composition: 2.83% C - 0.08% Mn - 1.23% Si - 0.123% S Composition: Fe - 3.40% C - 19.85% Cr - 8.40% Mo
Composition: 2.71% C - 0.02% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.275% S Composition: Fe - 2.95% C - 25.82% Cr - 0.02% Mo
White Cast Irons, 707 - 753 Composition: Fe - 2.87% C - 25.50% Cr - 1.22% Mo
Composition: 2.93% C - 0.78% Mn - 0.60% Si - 17.4% Cr - Composition: Fe - 2.72% C - 25.15% Cr - 2.52% Mo
0.04% Mo Composition: Fe - 8.70% C - 25.82% Cr - 0.02% Mo
Composition: 2.90% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.56% Si - 17.6% Cr - Composition: Fe - 8.66% C - 24.95% Cr - 1.53% Mo
0.48% Mo Composition: Fe - 8.52% C - 24.65% Cr - 2.67% Mo
Composition: 2.93% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.59% Si - 17.5% Composition: Fe - 4.81% C - 24.80% Cr - 0.02% Mo
Cr-1.59% Mo
Composition: Fe - 4.10% C - 23.67% Cr - 1.32% Mo
Composition: 2.91% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.59% Si - 17.5%
Composition: Fe - 8.94% C - 28.45% Cr - 2.94% Mo
Cr-2.89% Mo
Composition: 2.89% C - 1.56% Mn - 0.60% Si - 17.4% Cr -
1.49% Mo
xl
Ductile Irons. 754 - 766 Composition: Fe - 8.62% C - 0.82% Mn - 2.46% Si-1.17%
Ni-Mo alloyed ductile iron Ni - 0.49% Mo
Composition: Fe - 8.87% C - 2.62% Si - 0.81% Mn Composition: Fe - 8.59% C - 0.29% Mn - 2.71% Si -
0.024% P - 0.007% S - 0.04% Cr-0.08% Ni - 0.02% Mo -
Composition: Fe - 8.88% C - 0.82% Mn - 2.69% Si - 0.25%
0.024% Mg
Mo
Composition: Fe - 8.60% C - 0.87% Mn-8.68% Si - 0.022%
Composition: Fe - 8.82% C - 0.81% Mn - 2.58% Si - 0.49%
P - 0.007% S - 0.04% Cr - 0.08% Ni - 0.08% Mo - 0.027%
Mo Mg
Composition: Fe - 8.87% C - 0.81% Mn - 2.62% Si - Composition: Fe - 8.61% C - 0.20% Mn - 2.88% Si -
0.022% P-0.009% S 0.022% P - 0.009% S - 0.04% Cr - 0.04% Ni - 0.02% Mo -
Composition: Fe - 8.84% C - 0.82% Mn - 2.65% Si - 0.025% Mg
0.022% P - 0.008% S - 0.20% Mo Composition: Fe - 8.54% C - 0.81% Mn-8.45% Si - 0.024%
Composition: Fe - 8.88% C - 0.82% Mn - 2.69% Si - P - 0.005% S - 0.04% Cr - 0.04% Ni - 0.02% Mo - 0.028%
0.022% P - 0.008% S - 0.25% Mg
Composition: Fe - 8.82% C - 0.81% Mn - 2.58% Si - Composition: Fe - 8.87% C - 0.44% Mn - 2.82% Si -
0.024% P - 0.008% S - 0.49% Mo 0.040% P - 0.011% S - 0.02% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.094% Mg
Composition: Fe - 8.88% C - 0.81% Mn - 2.57% Si - Composition: Fe - 8.79% C - 0.42% Mn - 2.75% Si -
0.024% P - 0.008% S - 0.75% Mo 0.089% P - 0.010% S - 0.02% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.050% Mg
Composition: Fe - 8.47% C - 0.88% Mn - 2.47% Si - Composition: Fe - 8.86% C - 0.48% Mn - 2.31% Si -
0.022% P - 0.011% S - 0.05% Ni - 0.50% Mo - 0.044% Mg 0.089% P - 0.012% S - 0.02% Cr - 0.37% Mo - 0.042% Mg
Composition: Fe - 8.89% C - 0.82% Mn - 2.45% Si - Composition: Fe - 8.77% C - 0.42% Mn - 2.74% Si -
0.028% P - 0.011% S - 0.61% Ni - 0.50% Mo - 0.041% Mg 0.088% P - 0.011% S - 0.02% Cr - 0.48% Mo - 0.047% Mg
Composition: Fe - 8.86% C - 0.82% Mn - 2.46% Si - Composition: Fe - 8.60% C - 0.88% Mn - 2.61% Si -
0.028% P - 0.011% S - 1.17% Ni - 0.49% Mo - 0.044% Mg 0.005% S - 0.02% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.01% Cu - 0.025% AI -
Composition: Fe - 8.88% C - 0.82% Mn - 2.40% Si - 0.041% Mg - 0.0027% B
0.024% P - 0.008% S - 2.87% Ni - 0.50% Mo - 0.088% Mg Composition: Fe - 8.62% C - 0.87% Mn - 2.70% Si -
Composition: Fe - 8.24% C - 0.81% Mn - 2.86% Si - 0.005% S - 0.02% Cr - 0.08% Mo - 0.08% Cu - 0.021% AI -
0.024% P - 0.008% S - 4.82% Ni - 0.49% Mo - 0.084% Mg 0.048% Mg - 0.0023% B
Composition: Fe - 8.47% C - 0.88% Mn - 2.47% Si - 0.05% Composition: Fe - 8.61% C - 0.35% Mn - 2.75% Si -
Ni - 0.50% Mo 0.008% S - 0.07% Cr - 0.24% Mo - 0.07% Cu - 0.020% AI -
Composition: Fe -8.89% C - 0.82% Mn - 2.45% Si - 0.61% 0.040% Mg - 0.0024% B
Ni - 0.50% Mo Composition: Fe - 8.58% C - 0.82% Mn - 2.69% Si -
0.004% S - 0.02% Cr - 0.46% Mo - 0.06% Cu - 0.017% AI -
0.040% Mg - 0.0008% B
xli
US Steels
1-T Diagrams
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 3
As-Af Temperatures
appear without a Qualifying note. In others, The broad curve farthest toward the right
these temperatures were calculated according represents the time required at each
to an empirical formula developed for this temperature for the last trace of austenite to
purpose, and the Ms' M60> and MgO symbols transform. This curve approaches but can
are designated as "estimated temperatures." It never cross As. It extends from near As down
should be noted that these are not to be to below Ms. A specimen Quenched below M,
construed as highly precise temperatures, for will transform, at least in part, to martensite
in some cases the composition of the during cooling and hence strictly isothermal
austenite was either not known exactly transformation of all of the austenite is
(because of undissolved carbides) or the impossible below Ms. The portion of the
composition was not within the range to austenite which reaches any temperature
which the empirical formula applies. below M, will in time transform isothermally
to what for all practical purposes may be
regarded as bainite. The time required is
indicated by the portion of the ending line
Curves of the 1-T diagram extended below the M, horizontal--this
portion of the ending line is shown dashed
Starting at the left of the diagram, the first because some uncertainty exists as to its
curve encountered, extends from near the A r, correct location, reliable measurement being
Acm, or As temperature down to the line relatively difficult in this region.
labeled Ms' This so-called beginning line is
drawn through points representing the time In some of the higher alloy steels a portion
required at each temperature level of the ending curve lies beyond the range of
investigated for a measurable amount of the chart, but it may be logically assumed
austenite to transform. In its simplest form that the ending line is continuous since
the beginning line has a "C" shape with a austenite is unstable at all temperatures
minimum time value at a temperature below As and in time will presumably
usually in the vicinity of 538°C (lOOOOF); transform. In certain steels the time required
alloying elements, especially those of the for austenite to transform completely below
carbide-forming type, such as chromium and M, and at temperatures in the vicinity of
molybdenum, cause the beginning curve to 482°C is far beyond the duration of ordinary
assume a more complex shape. heat treatments.
The percentage of transformation product The line labeled "50%" and located between
necessary for a measurable beginning the beginning and ending lines represents the
depends upon the sensitivity of the tech- time required at each temperature for
nique used in following the progress of transformation of half of the total austenite.
transformation; in most of the curves about It is included to give. some idea as to the
0.1% transformation served as the basis for progress of transforma tion and is especially
locating the beginning line. useful in regions of a diagram in which the
beginning and ending lines are not parallel.
In all but a few diagrams that represent
eutectoid steels, the second curve from the The principal curves of the I-T diagram
left. which starts in the vicinity of As and have been drawn as broad lines, not only so
extends down to about 482°C where it that they will stand out among fainter
merges with the beginning line, represents coordinate lines but also to emphasize that
the beginning of transformation to ferrite- their exact location on the time scale is not
carbide aggregate (pearlite in its broadest highly precise even for the particular steel
sense) in the range of temperature where the sample represented. Portions of these lines
first product of austenite transformation is are often shown as dashed lines to indicate a
either proeutectoid ferrite or proeutectoid much higher degree of uncertainty. Thus, all
carbide. portions of lines extending to the left of the
2-second coordinate are dashlines because for
An exception to the above statement occurs times less than about 2 seconds reliable and
in the diagrams of the 9200 series and accurate measurements were not possible by
certain other diagrams in which the the methods used.
appearance of the microstructure in the
range 538-482°C prevented reliable location In this connection, it should be recognized
of the lower portion of the line; in these that the 1-T diagram is designed to represent
diagrams, a cross-hatched zone has been the overall pattern of transformation in a
drawn to indicate uncertainty of the point at particular composition and particularly in
which it merges with the beginning line. regions in which transformation occurs
6 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
The region labeled A+F or A+C which lies In practically all steels hardenable by heat
between the beginning line and the treatment, the character of the ferrite-
intermediate broad line represents the time- carbide aggregate is determined primarily by
temperature region in which austenite and a the temperature at which it formed; there is
proeutectoid phase were observed. The latter the same general sequence of microstructures
is ferrite (F) in a hypoeutectoid steel and ranging in appearance from coarse lamellar
carbide (C) in a hypereutectoid steel. This at the higher temperature to fine acicular at
field is, of course, missing in a eutectoid the lower levels. Regardless of differences in
composition. The A+F (or A+C) field extends composition, familiarity with this sequence
from near A f (or Acm) usually down to in only a few steels makes it possible merely
about 482°C where the field is pinched out by examining the 1-T diagram for any steel
due to the merging of its two boundary lines. to make a reasonably good prediction as to
its microstructure at each transformation
temperature level.
The field labeled A+F+C--which is bounded
at the right by the ending line, at the left by Characteristic differences in microstructure
the right-hand boundary of the A+F (or exist between steels of markedly different
A+C) field at higher temperatures, and by composition, but these differences are more
the beginning line at lower temperatures-- readily taken into account when the I-T
extends from As or somewhat above, down to diagram is available for comparison with
Ms. Samples held at any constant temperature those of more familiar steels. Thus, the
for a time period within the limits of the presence of proeutectoid ferrite in the
A+F+C field were observed to contain the microstructure is indicated by an "A+F" field
three phases: (1) austenite (observed at room on the 1-T diagram. For a particular
temperature as martensite); (2) ferrite; and austenite grain size, the relative amount of
(3) carbide. Either ferrite or carbide may proeu tectoid ferrite is roughly proportional
exist separately as a proeutectoid constituent to the temperature difference between As
and in addition the two are usually and A f . The character of the ferrite-carbide
intimately associated with each other in the aggregate is primarily determined by
form of an aggregate constituent. The latter transformation temperature so that the
is classified as pearlite at higher temper- difference in its appearance among different
atures and bainite at lower temperatures; at steel compositions is usually less than that
intermediate temperatures both pearlite and which results from a difference in
bainite may form. The labeling of fields on transformation temperature of little more
the basis of phases formed a voids the than 38°C. In general, acicular aggregates
necessity of classification of all microcon- usually classified as bainite form from the
stituents resulting from austenite transform- vicinity of the "nose" temperature (the lower
ation at constant temperature and thus "nose" if there happen to be two) down to Ma.
simplifies the diagram. Microstructures formed in many alloy steels,
particularly those containing strong carbide-
The field to the right of the ending line is forming elements such as chromium,
labeled F+C to indicate that only ferrite and molybdenum and vanadium, are somewhat
carbide are present, all austenite having been different from those in plain carbon steel,
converted by the transformation process to yet the same general trend is common to all
these phases. with modifications indicated by the 1-T
8 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
diagram. It is generally true that two cooling curves as drawn lie to the left of the
different steels with similar I-T diagrams "nose" and thus indicate full hardening on
will also have similar microstructure at quenching. One of the curves represents
corresponding temperature levels, and hence cooling at the surface of a quenched piece of
quite similar mechanical properties when steel, whereas the other curve represents
heat treated alike. When it is necessary to cooling at the center of the same piece.
discontinue a particular composition that has Locations between surface and center would,
long been successfully used, it is a sound of course, cool at intermediate rates. In Fig.
rule to select a substitute which has an 1-T 3, austenite transforms entirely to martensite
diagram as nearly as possible like that of the as the steel cools through the temperature
old one. If this can be done, very little range of martensite formation, as indicated
modification of heat-treating practice will by cross-hatching on the cooling curves. A
be required when the new composition is tempering cycle such as usually follows the
substituted for the old. quenching operation is illustrated schema-
tically merely to complete the picture. The
I-T diagram has no bearing on the tempering
APPLICATION OF I-T operation unless the austenite-to-martensite
DIAGRAMS TO HEAT TREATMENT transformation is incomplete, as sometimes
happens. In this case, retained austenite
usually transforms during tempering to the
Quenching and transformation product indicated by the I-T
tempering diagram.
CUSTOMARY QUENCHING
AND TEMPERING
~
TEMPERED
MARTENSITE
TIME - LOG SCALE
Fig. 4. Schematic chart illustrating relationship
of martempering to a typical I-T diagram
selecting the optimum bath temperature for moderately hard bainite. Steels containing
mar tempering and in estimating how long certain alloying elements or combinations of
the steel may be held in the bath without alloying elements may have an I-T diagram
forming bainite. of such nature that unique hardening
treatments are feasible. In such diagrams
Austempering there may be a lower as well as an upper
"nose" separated by a region of very slow
Austempering is a hardening process based transformation.
upon isothermal transformation of austenite
to bainite. Hence the I-T diagram, or at least Annealing or
its lower portion, is not only useful but softening
almost indispensable. In an ideal austemper-
ing treatment, austenite is transformed The aim of the heat treatment in the
isothermally, or nearly so, and as illustrated foregoing examples has been to harden steel,
in Fig. 5 the 1-T diagram shows the time but it may be equally important to know
required for austenite to transform and how to avoid hardening. In this case, the
hence the minimum duration of the curve of the 1-T diagram representing
austempering treatment. The I-T diagram is completion of transformation is the impor-
also useful in planning austempering treat- tant one. For instance, in conventional
ments because it shows the temperature annealing in which steel initially in the
range within which bainite forms and the austenitic state is slowly and continuously
hardness of baini te as a function of cooled, as shown in Fig. 6, the I-T diagram
tempera tu reo in conjunction with the cooling curve
indicates the approximate temperature range
in which transformation occurs and when
AUSTEMPERING slow cooling may be safely discontinued. It
is also possible to estimate in advance a
cooling rate that will allow austenite to
transform completely in a temperature range
sufficiently high to develop the desired soft
microstructure without unnecessary expendi-
ture of time.
UJ
a:::
::>
~ CONVENTIONAL ANNEALING
a:::
UJ
a.
::!
UJ
I-
UJ
a:::
::>
~
a:::
UJ
a.
TIME - LOG SCALE ::!
UJ
I-
Fig. 5. Schematic chart illustrating relationship
of austempering to a typical I-T diagram
Other applications
to hardening PRODUCT FERRITE a PEARLITE
Assuming that the transformation produced The 1-T diagram is useful in planning heat
at this temperature is 'satisfactory, as is often treatments and in understanding why steel
the case, advantage may be taken of the responds as it does to a particular heat
time-temperature coordinates of this treatment, but it cannot be used directly to
minimum to design a short annealing cycle. predict accurately the course of
As shown in Fig. 7, this is accomplished by transformation as it occurs during continu-
cooling the steel initially in the austenitic ous cooling. It is possible, however, to derive
state as rapidly as convenient to the from the 1-T diagram another time-
temperature of the minimum in the ending temperature-transformation diagram which
line and then holding it approximately at while not highly accurate, is of considerable
this temperature for the time required to aid in bridging the gap between isothermal
transform austenite completely. Subsequently and continuous cooling transformation. This
the steel may be cooled in any convenient diagram will be referred to as the cooling
manner. transformation diagram (C-T diagram). It is
necessary to derive only a few C-T diagrams
in order to demonstrate their relationship to
ISOTHERMAL ANNEALING
the 1-T diagram; once the fundamental
difference between the two types of
transformation diagrams is recognized, it is
possible to interpret more rationally any I-T
diagram with respect to continuous cooling
conditions.
through a much lower temperature range. Nevertheless, the chart does show, in
Some acicular aggregate (bainite) would also principle at least, how the 1-T diagram
be present after cooling at a rate such as through the medium of a C-T diagram
represented by curve B, but for simplicity derived from it, can be correlated with a
this is not indicated on Fig. 8. The cooling typical heat treatment which involves
rates at point C and at point D are slow austenite transformation as it occurs during
enough in relation to the C-T diagram to continuous cooling.
permit complete transformation in the
pearlite zone. The structure at C and D is Consideration of the I-T diagram in relation
pearlite which is coarser and softer at D to the location of lines of the C-T diagram
than at C. This correlation is not highly in Fig. 8 shows that the "nose" of the former
accurate for three principal reasons: has, in effect, been moved downward and
toward the right by continuous cooling.
1. in the vicinity of the "nose" of the 1-T Thus, direct use of isothermal "nose" times
diagram the beginning line is subject for predicting hardenability leads to con-
to experimental error because of the siderable error in the direction of a pre-
very short time periods involved; dicted hardenability lower than is actually
obtained. In comparing hardenability of
2. recalescence occurs during transform- different compositions, the respective
ation so that the actual cooling isothermal "nose" times are, however, a
departs from the cooling curve as reasonably reliable indicator of the relative
drawn once transformation is well order of hardenability. In the plain carbon
under way; and, steel represented in Fig. 8, bainite, which
forms isothermally within the range 454°C to
3. derivation of the C-T diagram from 204°C, is sheltered by an overhanging
the I-T diagram is only an approxi- pearlite "nose," and bainite is not formed in
mation. any appreciable quantity on ordinary
continuous cooling in this steel. That is, the
END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY rates of bainite formation are so slow
relative to rates of pearlite formation that
austenite cooled slowly enough to permit
formation of bainite has already completely
transformed to pearlite before cooling down
to bainite-forming temperatures. In analyz-
ing I-T diagrams and C-T diagrams, it is
important to note that the former are usually
interpreted by scanning from left to right
along a temperature level, whereas the C-T
diagram is interpreted by scanning down-
ward from upper left to lower right along a
cooling curve.
C-T diagram
for 4140 steel
eutectoid carbon steel diagram. Again, limitations in mind, the I-T diagrams are
several representative locations along the useful in interpreting and correlating
end-quenched bar are related to a hardness observed transformation phenomena on a
curve and to the C-T diagram by means of rational basis even though austenite trans-
the cooling curve at each location. forms during continuous cooling rather than
Considered together, Figs. 8 and 9 at a constant temperature.
demonstrate the difference in transformation
on continuous cooling of two steels having
different types of I-T diagrams.
The fields of the C-T diagram are displaced
downward and to the right with respect to ;
analogous fields of the I-T diagram. An
overhanging "nose" on the I-T diagram may ..i
1400
preclude transformation to acicular micro-
structures formed on continuous cooling to
lower temperatures by permitting complete
transformation in the "nose" region. In steels
in which a considerable proportion of
proeutectoid ferrite is formed, continuously
cooled austenite may become enriched in
carbon on reaching intermediate and low
temperatures, to such an extent that the
bainite zone and the martensite zone are
appreciably lowered in temperature as com-
pared to these zones on the 1-T diagram. 200
Even if feasible, a precise derivation of an
I-T or C-T diagram would rarely be war- o ~
~~ilf
11 1 11111 111 1111 11111 111m III AI 1111 11111 11111
1
I.J II [ W I '11'"
800 800
~r-'
140
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140
o
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~""'t-
700 700 j
I-
. l/
120 0 78R8
17"~~
120
o
600 L.... FtC 600
I'l.. l ...... '" """''''''" i"'" 86RB
W 1000
I..
100 01-
f..- •
AtF+C V -F+C 14
M,~
W
gj 500 gj 500
!:i 80 0
l=-f-
1:= J= ~:. I-
<l oFI=
" 50lJJ M, . •
1\ 19
ffi
Q.
400 ffi 400
80
1:=1= ~::. 1\,
Q.
::. ::.
~ 300 60 0 w
I- 300
60 0
I-T DIAGRAM I-
200 40 0 40 0 1-T DIAGRAM
200
II
.. £,U .. ,I"
T"..,.,IIV"f f-
100 20 0 100 *E.I.. . '..
20 01- t--I-- Tt lll, II 11IUU
!HOU~
I~ ~II o'f.~
Iltllllll~
f- 1!.!1;
II~ ~
I- 42
o 11111 II 11111 II 1111111
II 11111 F;'fIIII
o
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
I
600
~
~ F+C 9 OR8
I4
600
~/r(~ 25
W 100 0 W 100 o A-F-e 1\ FtC 25
gj 500
I- , [\ 2 gj 500
.1~, ~ 27
'-Ms !:i
'.
<l I\.
ffi 400
Q.
::.
80 01-
1\
34
ffi 400
Q.
::.
BO
\~f--
1--1--
M·
" l'
M!'I0 1
35
43
w 01= 1== M,o"
~
60 0
I- 300 300 60
I-
200 40 0 200 40 0
o
0.5 I 2
II 11111
5 10
1*"1 II ~1I1 Itf II ~4
II
8
o IIII1J I,~ II
IllIuI ~HOU~
mill I I~ ~
II
52
0.5 I 2 5 10 105
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh P A, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
14 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
~
800 1""[ II
1
A
1400 t---'3 - - I- 800
1400 l!3 FA - - -
~-P ki+F Ae,- 1-= =ifF -
r~;J
700 f- 1-=
..... l.-- 18 700 t- I6
1200 21 ==
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0
1200 22
600 ""1 -< ~+~ 27 '7 ~r If· 10""
1000
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1000
~LI~~
; 500 F+C
o 31 .g ~ 500
c:
"'2
c;;
E400
<U
800
A~k~
f- Ms
"'" I'r-., 35 <;
45
:I:
~
:::>
.
Q.
400
800
Ij,Jo. !"" r-
30
34
45
~
600 ~s
I- 300 600 E .,
H- f- M 50 ~ 300 -..-!-M50
200 400
200 400
IiiT ?iigiaj ',- T Diagram
100 200 I I
I~I~~' ,LJ
100 200
o
I-
[uu
Ilhk
IlllIIl II ~I~,~Y I,tt: 62
II'
o \1111 :~~j' "LJ l,t;1II IIII~~Y ,I~r,; 62
0.5 I 2 510 102 103 104 105 106
Time seconds
0
0.5 I 2 5 10 102 103 104 105 106
LIVE GRAPH Time, seconds
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
~)~3
II '11 ' 11 ,,
1
1
111
800 800
1400 1400 FA. - - . - -
700 ..... ..... i+t" ~~
- f- oAe, f- -I- .
14 700
1~~ A+F -f- • f- .1- - of-,
14
1200 .......... 20 0
1200 22 ~
I.o""V
~+G '7
Ki~,
600 26
A+~C V
<U l/) 600 26 :"
1000 29 :::
~o 1000 F+C
~~iF~~ r-
500 27 :::
29 .g e:::> 500 I', I' c:
r,f'
c;;
E400 800
AJ' 5~
34 <;
:I: -
~ 400
800 1-/' 1\ 50~
28
34
"'2
~
N
"" ~" r-
44
<U
I- Ms Q.
.'-'" 43
600
300
i-o- t-~ 56 I' ~
I-
300 600 FFM s
1"'.
~ M50
200 400
I-T Diagram 200 400
100 200
I I I 1" I 1,- J ~ la1g ria ml
'~I~j'
100 200
II11m.! IIII~IIY ,I,~J.~; 62 LJ "II~I1Y I~~I;
o III Ihr.
IL1111 62
II"
o 1111
:,",i,l I I hr,
0.5 I 2 510 102 103 104 105 106
0.5 I 2
"
5 10
I
102
"
103
IHIII
10 4 "
Time - seconds
Time, seconds
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: R.A. Grange, et al., "Effect of Copper on the Heat Treating Characteristics of Medium-Carbon Steel," ASM
Transactions, Vol 61, 1969, pp 377-393
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 75
700
140 01=
f- . As '- -Ai,;;;;.-
.... '" A'F . .... -
~ ~~ I;;.; --1- -_ . 700
1400 F==F= At
I-A
1200 T
f-- . As
l~
-.t
...,,;;:.
._.
-f- .- ---
2o
120 0 I
600
I
,;. '/1 23
600
~~ll7 F+C
2
2
28 L1J 1000 f--- A
W 100 0 F+ C
~ 500 ~A+F'~ , 32
~ 500
~~~, 3
I-
«
ffiCL 400
80
o
I....... ~-" ........
,r--.,
36
42
!;i
15 400
~
800
A 1", -, ..........
6~ r--.,
3
4
::;:
~ 300 60
ol=~ M* 1\ 48 ~ 300 600 F=I=
M:
-"'r--.
4
I-:-
F-
Ms.t
Moor
""r--. 52
~f-
~f-
Ms.
M••
5o
200 400
I
200 40
o *
1,- T IDlfGrA~ 1,- T I D1~G~A~
~j~~rl' I~
100 200 - f -
Of-M~~~~f' !HOU~
100 20
:HOU~ :-m; l~ ~
58
800
J'III\ II 111 11
A
111 11 111111 11111I II 111I •
-
700
140 0
1200
_"A;_AL_
A - . .
':F- = f-- f- --1=
26
700
1400
1200 f-
1= -:-r--
l-r- -- -
'-A I
AI
A
sl- I-
,---
,...- A·F
-f-.-
- f-- ,---
2
~.(. r-'" 1
W
600
1000
,-
\ ('"
~~
F+C
33
35 W
600
35
'. ,r--.. \
~ 500 ~ 500
55
300 60 0
'*'
F---- Mst-
~01.':'> I'
55
...~
~
40 01'= =M..*
200 400 _f-
f-iMoo 200
10--M:oj I
!Moo
I-T DIAGRAM
1,- T IDlfG,RA~ I I I I I
100 200 100 20 Of- -f--- Esllmoled
jJT,~
I I
o
f---
1 1111 I~ II,1,m! ~, 11111 II I~ ~
II
65
o
I-
11111 ~,
111111 II I~ ~
I Iii
65
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh P A, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
16 Atlas of Time-Temperature DIagrams
33
V~ 1I~ /'''
W
gs
600
500
100 0
A~r"'-
I FtC
38
40 W
gs
600
500
1000 h
'1> "r--
Atf+C t-FtC
40
42
!;i
ffi
80 0'-
t ,
r--K Ftc I'.
.... ... r"'-
40
41
I-
et 80 0
'f' .... r--. f'
"
42
42
400 ffie, 400 r---.r-.- ',r"'-
n,
~i' ~ r- 1'." 43
- 41
::.
~ 60 or-- I-A ,.... 50
::.
~
A r-, "I' ~ '
300
eo,~
300 60 0 - ... .....
,
52
40 0;= ~ Ids
200 40 51
200 5
I r-
r--
HG~A~
1+-1- M,. Moo
1+-1- M,. ',- T IDI~GRAM t-- Mgo 'I-
T I-
100 20 0 100 20 0
t-* Eshmal~d
IIIJ
J:ml
66
I I
o IT;';';;;;tll~ II I-iiTiIiI II [~ ~
II o 111111 I~ 1111 11111111 II
,~ y
11111 ~
66
600 ~ ··V
120 0
I .... I(~
1-1-
I--" J...-"
I - 45 600 I
I FtC I""-
W 100 46 FtC- I - I
(1:JtC
ol-A I ' W 100 0
gs 500 +F 1- 46 gs 500 """I) 21
t"-or-.-to..
O~t-
&0" .....\
!;i 80 " +e ... I""""
!;i
ffi
o,
::.
400
o T-- t'-o~,,,, j:'
r.... r-- ""'t--.
,..., r--. "
41
51
ffic, 400
::.
80
~
t-i
~ ::o~
Mgo·
I'
I-
31
41
~ 60 01- A ..... 55
~
300
r-.-~ r-""'"", 60
300 60 0
o
0.5 I 2
. . hili.. , ...
T'''',UDI •• ,
5 10
I~ mill 111111
10 3
IHOUR
II
I~
11111 ~
,ill
65
o
0.5 I 2
J""I,~
5 10
1111111 ~IIIII"
I II
Il!!jY
1111\
!1t
II ~
49
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 17
JAII~·k
1i!1II1 111111 II II III! "1'111 111111 '1 1111 111111
A -
A I-
800 . _ . _O'-e- 1 - - ' - . _. e- . 800
140
trrt
1-- -
1400
I-AI 1-' e- --f-
=- A. ,-;;.....
-10-'
0-
-
0
.-
-
1200
/
A+F I 1200 ~b' ,.... 23
a.
:::;:
e- M.
1\ :j~ ~~ 41
ffi
a.
:::;:
400 ..... ....... ...... 1', ....r-., .......
43
~ 300 600 47
~ 300 600 ..... 50
I- Moo ...... "~o,,
"'- 53
1=--+- M.
200 400
I- M••
I-T OIArAj
200 400
I--- Moo I
"-
10-,- M•• \-T IDI~G~A~
100 200 100 200
o
0.5 I 2
II 11111
5 10
I~ II 1111 ~I1111111 II ~ ~
61
o I 1111 I~ 111111 ~I
f Ilfilll I tr ~ II
65
0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
A " -
-- ..-
1400
800
( A + F+C 35
41
ffi
a.
:::;:
~
400
A
..... ~
....... ~ ...-....
... .... 1'
.......
46
52
300 600
r..... ~ .... <, .....
...... ..... <,
200 400
f- '-- M.
.......
- ~
.... .... .. 56
59
(00 200
1--- M•• I-T DIAGRAM
o
~- Moo
0.5 I 2
1111111
5 10
I~I lL fmlll " Itf ~
III 6
TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American' Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
18 Atlas of TIme-Temperature DIagrams
1000
I-
( (...... F+C
43
44
~ 500
A + F+C
...... - 39
I-
<[ 80 0 rA
\ 43
ffi . . . r--.,
r-... ~~' "':--. r-,
400
a. 48
::0
54
~ 300 600
....r--. 1'--'..... ~ t'o-_
'-'I DlJ:
58
61
200 40 0
r-.-
100 20 0
-1-- M.
~1-- M,. .I..
I~ Illtil y~
59
o II III I 111I fiTIill
0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
47
- 45
sooH-+--+-f"':-+--t-.or-~;+-+-+-HI-H-t----I---i 47
100 200
- -- M.t-H-oi~t-+----t-t--t.;;;7.;--+-+--t,-;,!;;-+-.o=:l
I~ ~IIII
,,Jl,y ~
50
o 111111 111111 I IIIiil ililll1
0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS
Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 79
JJ~[1 ~, ?i-"-
II ,1111 IIA"I 111111 111111 111111 111111 111 111 111111 111111
- 800 A
800
.- f-. 140 o
140 0 - I
1
~'As-
A .... ~~ ._~
As f-. ,.- - . f - --f-
-
100 '-A+I' 100
,;..~
-
W
600
120 o
100 0
1/
,
I w
600
120 o-lt'
1000
-(~, .-"
-
",+1'
"
f--
,
/ .... - FtC
I
23
23
f I....
~ 500
A t FtC 21 ~ 500
-\ \
IA t Ft C,
....... 25
l-
e:( \ 1\1 _i' 33
l-
e:(
*,
80 0 800 33
15 15
i\ I.80\_,
'\ 1\
:j~ \
400 400
c,
:;; r- Ms
<, 41 a,
:;;
42
W
I- 300
60 0,,-
M,o
46
~ 300 600 =M
_
s
M'ol
* .........
49
M j
F Mgo ~
90
200 40 0 200 40 0
100 20 0
II' T IDlfG~A~
100 20 o- r- _ J Estimaled
'-T
I
DIAGRAM
I I I I
0 111111 I~ 111In!
III
:HOU~
mil II fir II~
III 89
o IIr'll~ II111In! ~, 11111 II fir ~
II
62
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
A 800
1111111 11111
" 1
11 11 1
A
111 11 11 111 1111
100
140 0
- . AI
_. As 700
140 0
-- AI f- - I-- -
A
-
_I-
-- r- -
- ---
W
600
'20 oAt.._
100
~,./I
;.....
-....
~ ~,....f
FtC
-
I
W
600
120 0
1000
V::::
A, f- - f-.=
~
~- [,.-'
....
~A+I' - - 1 -
,:""'-
_I-'"
- -
1
~ (
~ 500
If
- 3 ~ 800 A + F+C 2
o A9F' ...... F+C
~
l-
80 o~t--"c 1\
e:( ..... ....... I"'- 80 0 2
15 400 1'... 15 400
<,
r-.....,
..... ....... 50"~ ,
n, n, 3
:;; A I.......... ,n":--- -,
50
:;; .........1"'-
~ 300 60 0 ~ 300 60 0
46
- e - Ms
--r-.
Ms
-,
200 40 O-
- :01r-
f-
M~...
200 40 0
::: M..
M,o
5o
o l~iJ'''il~ 11111 ~I
1111111 II lfir ~
64
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh P A, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Next Page
700
1400 ~ ,~,
I
J-, ~,-, -J-~
A --+ ---:t:::-t-+---t-t-I-
-r'"
_ I
~~
_- :
700
1400 A,-,
'AlM~AI!'p.~f __
..... - - . . . .
1200
~ ~':'" 1-.
""'"
600 -;.-~:::~_... _ ..
-, 600
A, A+F- . e- ,_, .1-- - . -'e-
...." , " "
'oooH-j~-+f--jH+-r--r-+---r--+-+-+-+-+-t-+-i
I '
w . 1000
/'" ;'
I ,
w
~ 500 i A+F+C \ i F+C ~
-" ~ 800 .... ~ IA+F+~ _I- -""" 20
I- i,1 ,,~ ! I ".,
~',..
I-" F+C
« 800H-+~rt---'-'orl-~..t---+--+-~-+-+-+--+-+-t--H !;( 800
=f= M,
ioo"" 27
ffie,
~
w
400
600
A :-1'...
I
tK i'
r-,.....".......
, -
46
ffi 400
c,
::lE
~ 300
"-e-
60 0= F= M••
M..
\
' ...
'6
~ ,::' ~......-+......--I"'o.b.-+-+-+-+-=1
I- '00
F--- M,±- -r- <,
200 400:::: ~::I :, 5' 200 400
-
I 1- T DIAGRAM 1- T DIAGRAM)
I", i J I I J
100 200f- -r-.-* Eshmaled I j 100 20 o- f-- -*EIII.. " ..
Till""."'"
o "lid
T:·t·~ !!!J!L I
III,,·
I ~
I'll'; 111111"
I
I
!1!AY
1I!1i
~ 64
,'II,! o
0.5 I 2
IIIIIIIIII~
5 10
111111 ~'1II
fI I
lQ,Y
1111 ~
42
0,5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
1400 140 0
--
A
1200 120 0
7:. f ·-
-~1~F;'l
1.-- .- -t- . - . I- -L__ e- Appro•. As 1- .- - ;;.-
e- A, "A+F
~--~-~.....
600 600
..... ~ L'" I .,
......
,,- .-
W 1000 W 100 0
.... """
~ 500
If\ /
I-" .... ~ as ~ 500 (~~ /
.....1./ ,.
27
,
~
«
1.-"- !;(
/
800 A + F+C F+C 29 80 0 A+F+C C
ffi 400
c,
::lE
~
..,..,j\ ~ 37
ffi 400
n,
~
r-, ........r-, ...... -, ...... r-,..
l...,!Y.r- 40
1-----
M,
r~ 45 i"-.. r-, "- r--.bo,..
51
M,.
200 400 200 40 0= F M,
....... 55
1----- M,.
I-T DIAGRAM - -e- M,. I-T DIAGRAM
100 200 I I I
I I
I 100 20 o~ f= M•• I I I I I
o
I-
1111111 I~ 111111 mill W%-
II 1111 ~
II
58
o II 1111 I~
I I
11111 mill II I~ ~
6.
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10 "
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Previous Page
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 27
I\k' ~ .1 - c- 1
1-1-1-_ '"' 30
If t'--
A+Ftc!'
I" ,
v . . . . 1--"1--""'-
r-,<,
F+C
50
•
!;i
ffi 400
n,
:E
80 a
I"i'
A t FtC
1' .....
I-"'f-
, r-
FtC-I-- 37
45
..... j'o..
r-, r-.r-.
4 ~ 300 60a A
""
:--.... " I50'':>
'
1""
49
53
I
i'
4
40 a
I" r'-r..... r..... 58
i' r-... 1'-1' -or
200
"'-
<,
'r'-- I-T DIAGRAM r"r.. -
4
"
• 100 2001= t:-:: M. I I I I I ~
•
l- M.!"I- f- l - . - -1- - - 1- - ~'-- -I-
a II 11111 II~I 11111111 GITIlII II Itf ~1ft
50
II
TE:lll'EftATlItE
.
111111111 1 III 11111 Iii II
.. 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS
105
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
10
- u
140 " I
-'-.
"",,"
I."
-I
1)/
_AmDX A I L
-f- At C
I
1
1000
,
soc
... r-.. ..... 1-0'"
"'r-.. .......
--
.... / V -
A' FtC
';"0.
(
/I~·•
,;....--
F +C
I
4
4
..... .... .......
t'-- " 0
A r-.. ..... " _0
.00
<, l.:: r-, 0
r- r""-
'00 .00
,...... f-- Ms - e- e- r- r-
, 1111 I ~,
f-
II 11111 I I Ii 1111
o
til' -
o
,-
1-.
III ill
o
'I - N 0 0 0
0 - N
- 0
N n~~ §~~
0
TIME- SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
22 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
800
F I 1111111 IIIIII! II III 111111 11 111 111'"
1-
800 01,-' At _I._I- .- 1-/.- .; .j-
A 140
700
1400
u, . f- ,- 1-+-
L.. ~
~I-
1-. f- . 1-. I- 700
I,-·A s - ·
I
10-'"
k=:~-~
1-'1-
,
600
1200
A V ."....,., .... - 600
120ol-A
t7" \.. , I"-or...r--.
24
31
1.001.'A+F
,
-- A+~I). +F+C-~I-F+C
--1--
-~.
100ol-H A
W 100 0 .. _.. - lJJ 26
~ 500
I-
APpr.J.(
As
.--- -- - ~-
- I- -
I-i-
'.-1-
~ 500
I-
\..0-
(,
-
II
\..0- 30
et 80 0 et 80 37
ffi11. 400 A + F+C ffi
:::;; F- Msl\
•••.'> 11.
:::;;
400
o
01- i-- Ms
"' 150'1.--
\
1\ l-
44
~ 300 60 01;::
M••
M,. ~ 300 60 I- Moo 50
~ I--- M,o 1-
200 40 0 200 40 0
700
1400
-I- A,
....
A
1-- e-- ,....;; i-==- -l-
I""
- I- - I-- - I- --I- 1
22
800
700
'400
- As - L.
1.-' .... ."'
A·
W
600
1000
A ~A+FI~ \ .... F+C
40
43 lLJ
600
100 o-A·
\
\
36
36
.....1'0. \
~ 500
I-
r\. (
./- 32 ~ 500
I-
f \ \.
A + F+C
I D F+C 35
et 80 0 39 et 80 0 41
ffi 400
11.
:::;;
~ 300 60 0
i\~ oo~
"
V
........
45
50
ffi 400
11.
:::;;
~ 60 o
~
'" .
Au.l.nU.
Ulldlnol"d
\~ <,
r\ 46
53
'\ "
1"-0 ..... 57
300 Corblde.
!50\~\. .....
f- Ms - 1- F=--. Ms
58
200 40 0 200 40 010- - M50
T .......
Moo I--- M,o
Il
liT IDIIA~RA~ I, T D1~G~A~
100 20 0 100 20 0 I
I I
l~d
I
o II II I~ II GITiIl I I~ ~K 65
o 111111 II GITiI I~ I~K
66
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 23
700 ~. ( I
I( 1- I
700
I~A'F \A'F'Gi~ F+G 1- B5RB
120
of-I-A/
1/ \ F+C 26 1200
"""'1--..1' ...... ... 8BRB
l1J
S 500
600
100 0
A+F
"r-::'r\ t-:.~~t--_
--
t--
_1
D
28
27
l1J
S 500
600 i"""o r-or-- ~~
-r--I..:~t"--
I ,., I":: BBRB
I~
,..
!;t
ffi 400
80 0 K - A + F+C-
~ ~ I-~
31
35 !;t BOOP f= M'4=H=H=f=jF=f=+~=f=j==f=r=r=r=1
{
ffi 400
~ f- l-. M '\'1\ \.'0' II' 1--'1-'" 44 Q.
::;:
I-- ~ M,o
io'-r- M,.
~ 300 f-'
60 01;::: I--
48 l1J
600 J--H -IH -+-i-+--t-- +--t-- t---t-- t--t--t--t-i l l
1
M50..
l-I--- M,o "'r--, 1- 300
700
140 0
81RB
800
700
140 0
A V l"-!+C
"-
L-
120 0
1',..... -r, r---
B7RB
120 0 + +
600
~ t-- 50"'~ r--"" I"-- 90RB
600
r-
r--,I'"
l1J 100 0 A I'..
I"
S 500 r--,... l1J
S 500
100 0
1-
e:( ~ 1-
I-
80 0
ffi 400
Q.
e:(
ffi 400
80 0
::;: F-I-. M. Q.
l1J 60 010- 01-- M 50
::;:
1- 300
10-1--- M,. l1J
I- 300
60 0
f-I- MIt- -r-t-: 1- - t-I- - I - 1--1--- -
200 40 0
I-T DIAGjAj 200 40 0
100 20 0
I I 100 20 0
i-TI DIA?R~M
l~ ~ ~I
45RC
o 1111111 I~ 111111 Finll
f luu
I II
5 o I 1111 I~ 11111 11111111 II ~~
11111 I II
0.5 I 2 5 10 10
0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS
TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
24 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
.1--- . 1-1-'
800
"j' . l-
4.-
BOO ~'I-
140
A 1..-,....
1400
A .... - . - 1-..- F\171'-"'~·--·I-i--·
700
0,1
t .' ...... ioo-"'" ...-1--
. I-'~
82RB 700
...... ~--
.
, i'~
8 BRB
600
1200 1 1 - - A + F
I - ~
lI" A + F+ C
~ -
I
I
600
1200
I-[.L-~
i~"'·- "
A + F+C
-- 1- ...
i')
I
I
l.LJ 100
O~ \ _ lJJ 1000
~ 500
.••..\ (
24
~ 500
~.J (
25
","
F+C
~ 80 0
32
~ 800 F+C
33
ffi 400
a.
- I-~ M• •
"~ 40 ffia. 400 -, 41
::;: := I-
I--
M,o. M!iO I
::;:
I- M.
.......
~ 300 60 0 ~ 300 600 ~ ~::~
200 40 0 200 400
I-T D1AGjAj
00 20 0 - :.....-_ • EsUmoled
100
•
200 1-1- -TlIJ'gel"oue
Esllmoled
1,-T JDI~G~A~
jJl~
I I
o
0.512510
11.1111 mill II lti ~
50
o ,,[J II~ 11I11 ~,
11111111 II lti ~ 56
0.5' 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
_....
800 _. I - BOO A
. 1- . . 1-. I - . i--- I -
140O=PFA 1400 = AI
Ao-·~ f- . 1-. l-t-: I- I
...
~= F:'
'A+F . cr- As - .-t- -
~ ,.,.
700 700
~ lI-~~ ,
lJJ
BOO
1200
1000
1/
v~
"
,.-- ~ .... "" ! -
8 BRB
I
23 W
600
120OI--A-t7
100 0
:/
~
........
.- -A+F+C
)
~) 1
2
~ 500
~ 80 0
(~ A+F+C
\
, F+C 25
32
~ 500
~ BO0
~ \
< F+C
2
3
ffi 400 I\. ",••' '\. ffi 400 \ "-
a.
::;:
-
0 - I - M.o
M.
1'.
40 a.
::;: ~ ~O'4~ I'., 5o
~ 300 60 M••
49
~ 300 60 0 M.
-M!iO h
200 40 0 200 40 0'== i= M••
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 25
-
800 800 A"
-
14001- I- _ 1-1·-1- 140 0
~~ 10- 1-1·-1-
700
I-
120 01-
--~Af
A,
I-A
r kr""'~
..... t;.
I.- ~ !==~
1=
21
700 I=- l, .I -
~
t::;L,;;;" >.2.10- 1--1-;;;:- :,... 1-
.- ~
... . ,
v~ ..- ..... '20 0
1/ / 1\1"--.
27
W
600
1000
J~ .... I..-
,..-
A +F+C
'" 28
28 W
600
1000
I--
A"II ""'r-..
33
34
I~ lo- ~11
!§ 500 !§ 500 A +F+f
{ 34
~
~
t..-- 37
!;( 80 0 F+C 38 <{ 80 0 F+C 1--1- 43
ffi ~j"I, ffi 'kilo" ~~
"'~
400 ['.1 , 400 ·"11I1.1111.
t
a. 44 a. 47
"-1'."
:::;: :::;: UlIdlno!ytd
Calbld .. ~
~ 60 0
52
~ 60 0 53
300
'" . .po, r-, 1"0-
'" ~"'"
300
56 -, f'i'. 59
200 400
i-- M,
~-
58 200 400
r-, i"- t'-- 62
~ M~o I ן-
M,
I-- M,o I,-T IDI~G~A~ I-- M,o
r-
100 20 0 100 200
o 111111 I~ 11111 ~,
f I ITIIII II Itf ~
II
66
o
I=- M,o
II III" ,~ II I,", m 11111 II i~ ~
II I
66
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 1 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
O~A
I- - --_.1- -.-1-. ~.-I-. 1-1-
800 800
i"..oo '40o-ftA
140
-~ -- - -'A,:~/ _ . --7' . _. l - . 1--.
,
--~',-'
700 A,.k' . -.- .-"(c-. 1--. - . -" - . 700
600
120
o
J/1/'
'/
AtF
~U_ -
--
!-.
J-~O"
".
.....
76R8
7'
...
j
1/
A+F
I
I.....
1"'iO ..... ;;;;~~
AtFtC
t>
I
W 100
-- W 1000 20
!§ 500
~
<{
ffi
a.
400
80 or- *
=~,so~
1:= -M90"
A+ h'c
~ -
1'-_ .....
F+ C
-
25
32
~ 500
!;(
ffi
a.
:::;:
400
800
=1= M,-*
;:::~
{.-,o...
\ I
M,o
M,o
I(
\
\
F+C
I 25
35
39
:::;:
~ 300 600
~ 300 60 0
- I--
200 400
200 40 0 I-T DIAGiAj
I-T DIAGri I--
*
* 100 200 I-- 1--1- Esl-...oled
r-~~e:('iI~'
I I
IIri,~
'00 20 01-
I r
11I11~1I1 II I~ ~
39 48
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1971
26 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
I"'A '"I11111
I" I~+~::
' I'" I
I
800
f-IArIJUIi _ '1- "
- I- --I- 800 I- Ar ~- . 1-- - - --
~p
'400
1.--1-'
'400 A i""'"
~f-I-- -1-- f- --I-
700
k' , 700
f- A, - I...... (I'" eORB
'20o .I A+F ~ ~ fJ
600
I!,..oo'....
_100- ..... " .-"I
.... r-.
r--.~ 20 600
'20 0
~;
A+F
fo-"/ A+F+C
-,
.i> - '9
13
I.LJ
~ 500
100 0
~i
~ -,
-A + F+ C 23
28
W
~ 500
I-
100 0
/.".-- /' -l""" I I 1- 26
20
t 80 0 F+C 37 « 80 0
\ ,o'i\\ F+C
ffi
a.
400
'" '0'-, 1\ ffi 400 .....
36
f-I- l.M; 45 a. I- ~- M.
46
::;:
1'---. ::;: 10- r- M50~ .....1'
~ 300 60 01<= ~ M.o- 50
~ 60 01'-= r= "'90"
Io-f- M.o 300
200 40 0 200 40 0
I-T DIAGrMj I-T D1AGri
-
100 20 0'--- ~ ESlimaied
100 20 Of- t- t- '" E$li/noled
I~T]
I I
o
I-
0.5 I 2 5 10
,7ffi; II 11111 ~I
IIITIII
I!.Q, y~ 60
II 11111 liT o
0.5 I 2
,~cri,~
5 10
II III
:HOU~
mill I,I;-f ~
"
69
600
'20 0
I-A, - I-\-·
A -""'" , -c---
I'
-
\
f~""~(
--
F+C
F=":ti.=
,
28
31
700
600
'20 0
I-
l= cA,
Ar 1-1- --
Io-"f""" A+ ~
yo'" 10-"10-" I-r-'
t--I-
fo-
,....1-
- f- 1--1-
-
I- I
W 100 0
-,- W '000
~ .... 10-"1-
22
~ 500 1.-'1;'
I~
L-~
I-
«
ffi
80 0 I 1/ ...
A + F+C
F+C
3
4o
~ 500
I-
«
ffi
80 Ot-A
A + F,+C
" r, "-
( F+ C
l - 25
30
MI"
400 ,,!1O",
400
a.
::;:
~ 300 60 0
l=-
I--
I---
"'50
"'90
I
4 a.
::;:
w
I- 300 60 01=1= M,
I'
, 50%-
"'r-- 1-3
46
<,
t-t- Moo
200 40 0
t-t- M,.
200 40 0
o
I-
1'11",,1 1,7ffi; Illil ~I 11111
~y
II 1111 ~
lIT
67
o I 1111 I~ "
,111111 :HOU~
mill
, ;-f ~
II
58
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.512510
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 27
700
f- -AI- -- f- - I--- - f- _.
---= 700
f- AI - .- . f-- -. f - - 1 - -I';" .-' _.--=
-A. -J- ~. _ . ~. -
120 of=: 1200 F A.
600
",. -~ A+F ......1--""
(r~ E : " I 600 '~i+F \.. -
LIJ 1000 W 1000 A
~ \.. :-
(f'" I-
--
,
~ 500 ~ 500
A + F,+,C 25 A+F+C
!;;:
ffi
80 Of- -A
'},
",.
F+C 30
I-
«
ffia. 400
800
\ ....-\
I .... -
(~
-' 30
"
400
~ -, 39 I- F+C - 41
oo.. - ::E \
~ 300 60 01- Ms
47 ~ 300 600
I--e- M, -
4S
F- Ms.
r-, F-I- Moo
200 40 of M•• 200 400 I-f- Mgo
o II 1111 I~
II III
~HOU~
mill II Iff ~5
liT o
I-
I 1111
1*"1 1,m!
III ~I111111 I :tf ~
II
5S
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view
800
140o~
1 -,A
II 1111 I III A II III
-rt-r-
II III
-
1
..-
1111 111111
-
.- ..- 800
F-IAII~~
1400 f--I I_A
1111 I AlII 11111
1--'
111111
"-1--' _. _.f-='
111111
i
~
As . --=-~ .-. FAs~. /11"1'--
700
I......i "
7' jI.+f .
- -I
700 ,..1........... ;;:;l"- ...~,~ 1-2 o
,
120
'- 21 28
1200
o!...... / I....
600 ~ - 24 600 I
\
30
• F+C
"
100 0 F+C 28 1000 -A 31
LIJ LIJ + F\C
~ 500 ~ 500
~
"' , ......,
A - 30 30
I- +F. i' I-
« 80 0 , f- +~ 35 « 80 o\. 36
ffi 400
- ffi 400
~
f'.
a.
::E
LIJ 60 of ~
1\ Ms
"'0" 'I'. 43
52
~
~ 60 0= =~
...l \ 46
52
' ....
- I'
I- 300 300
fr'f- Moo - Moo :-- 54
I~ IllIuI~, ~ ~
62
I~
\HOU~
Lui iiflill II Itf ~
63
0
0.5 I 2
II 1111
5 10
II 111111 I II o II 11111
0.5 I 2 5 10
II
"
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
28 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
i.o- ~_I-'
~~l"'" Y I l/
32 30
I- :,... 100
1 -
700
r t- 1-0""
F+ C 37 F>C 35
600
'200
l- "Li ~ 1'--t...:
...
r:::1:::t:-t-- I"'-
42 600
'200
.... ' ~
.~ ~i'-- ~
1 - 36
"-- 42 33
lJJ
!5
1000I-I-A- A+ F
r,-:: WA o v/. r//~
f"'-- ,.. .....n-u, I-
.~
W
g;;
100 0
\
~ ::
500 500 I- 34
A + r>~
""""
~h
!;i
ffi
80 0
'\ - I-
I-
«
ffin,
80 0 I\. 38
a,
:E
400
1\ ''(""";"00''
A m j......- 44
:E
400
A'
1\ 1[J..l ~L--' 45
51
~
53
~ OF FM.
300 60 0
Ms-I- .::s "-l- f-lI. I'
F+ C
I-57
300 60
F-I- 101'0
1'-.... 55
0.512510 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
140 ol-A 34 A
V "' .... ~
'4001-
.t, 1...-1'" J.+F • l-
~ e- ....
36 28
700 700
10--'" ...
I- I-
I--'" « 36
;;, 80 ol-A 4' 80 0 A + F>C
~o" ffio, 400 ........
W 400
a,
:::;;
~ 300 60 OFF=
1\
Ms
/i.'" 45
50
:E
lJJ 60 0
A r\ II
\ 1"1'\ 43
50
,..... -
.- 300 _!iO,\ f-
200 40 0"- ~
10'-1- 101'0
"'90
"-
200 40 oi-
F- 101,
101.. '" I
I I
'-
I
1....- 55
p,- I - 101..
~ - T, D,IA¥RA~
1-
I; T I DIAGRAM
100 20 0 100 20 0 , .
o ,,1," ,~I
"
II
II,J
mil
!HOUR
III Itr I~
64
o II I .7fF,
" I" : Fr'
I I~ ~
'11
65
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Next Page
, .'
'
700
...
~ f.:= 28
700
I""""
32
600
120 0
......
"'
.... ~: .........
..... I'-.
FfC 34
38 600
120 0
""' ~A~ ~t--- to--
A.F..... "",,-
"""r--
FtC 37
39
W 1000 38
r--.. W 100 0
r...
~ 500
~
~~ m;:'
\
I
'"
..... ......
I- ~ 500
~
"'
,/ .....r-.. 33
ffi 400
80 oI- l-A A t FtC
.....
35
ffia. 400
80 01- I- A
I~ I
A t FtC 36
a.
::;:
~ 300
200
60 0
40 of
f-I- Ms-
F= [Ms.
1\1'
'"
\/
~ot." ir"-~
1'-0
~
41
50
55
::;:
~ 300
200
60 0
400
r--- Ms·
" '"
~ \
I'~..
l
-
I (I--"
LIP 43
49
55
,!
:D1~G~A~
t- Mso
1<--1- Mg. I-T DIA~RAr
liT 10=-1- Mgo
100 20 0 100 20 0
I
\HOU~
~
65
IIIIJ I~ ~K
65 l!I
I~
lHOUR
o 111;111 I~
II 'I
I
W"I II II ' o
I-
II 1111 I~ II Wn I II
5
0.5 I 2 5 10 10 0.5 I 2 5 10 105
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Previous Page
30 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
800
140
~-A, ~
f--- ~~- 1--
A
1---
-=- -e- --I--
e- --
,
800 A
- 1-1-
I-
~
1- 20
i
700 700
t;;oil""
I [S," I""""t ... !"or--.
'20 26 31
600
o I 1- 35 F+C 1- 36
600
A+F
1J.J 100 ol--A F+C 33 w 36
l;'
~ 500 1A +-- ~II I - 30 ~ 500 31
I-
« 80 0 \. F+C
1/ 37
I-
« 39
ffi ffi
a..
::;:
400
M,
~ \j>-,l. 1\ 1- 44 a..
::;:
w
400
45
~ 300 60 01=
51
I- 300
52
l - I-- M.. f',
!'o- ~ Moo
200 40 0
,I-T DIAGRAM
200 400 * I
100 20 0
' I I " 100 200~1-~ T=~~' -+-++-++++++-++-+--+--1
I~I ~!
I
~ JII:I II~
I- 61
II I~
I~ ~65
o II 11111 III II 1111111 II o I- 11111 I 1111111 I iTllII
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
..<- - -
120 0 29
120 0
\ 29
I,.\"I-. A+F
600 IUndluolved Carbld,,) PI--
A+ F
I
1-
600
~R8IDIES) .... -p.- ~ 1-
lJJ 100 0
-- r- W 100 0
(UNOISSOLYED
~ 500
.!;:( 80 0
""""
I\. ! J-::I - .J..'";.,- J
At+ F + C
I-~
I-
40
~ 500
I-
«
,. l- I--
ffi 400
V""" F+C ffi
80 0 3S
a..
::;: I=- M:- ~l- il-l-
I'
1- 42
a..
::;:
400 1-' A+F+C
" '1./.:0..
V~
F+C 4S
~ 300 60 0 ~ 300 60 01=
I-
M.*I- I- !"Or-
200 40 0 200 40o
-
:-TIDI1AyRA,M
_~,Esllrnoled * Esllmoled I-T DIAGRAM
rr
100 2.0o~
~~Tr I~ ml
100 200 -
I~ IllIuI ~HOU~ ~ ~
o
0.5 I 2 5 10
II illilill II o IIILJ 11111 III~ ~
0.512510
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 88 published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 31
'n -~ A,-
III~I "1 111 1'1" 11
II
"1
__1--= '11 '''' 1'1"" I'"'
800 - - r---- -4 iL 800 F- -~- - - -- - f=
'400=
f=:At -- -- :--= ~- - 1400
-.-,- ....
LLI 1000 LLI 1000
gs gs
1\ -,~
IL, ~V (
500 1-1- 500
F+ C
!;{ 80 0 1/ r-A+F+C f- f- - -- l-
et 80 0
A
ffi 400 . t - F+~ r- 42 ffi 400 M~
~ 1-1- -M~- I-
(~, ." 1(1- 45 a.
::0
r=- I - I- ' - I - 1---
~ 300 60 0 ~ 300 60 0
I-
200 40 0 200 40 0
:-lj 91~GRt~ *
I-T DIAGRAM
r-~ITlJ::'
Or- I I J I I
I-I-rIIM.
Esllll'oClled
100 20 100 20 01-
o
t-
I~ 1111I,,1~f111 It: .~ r-
,~ ,1m'! ~HOU~
", iI'fJ"" I~ ~
0.5 I 2 5 10 " o
0.5 I 2
/II
5 10
I /I
600
'200
l - I- At ~"':
A
i--""
,... .... A+F
1-,=
""I-
-- I - -
~~
-
",..
-r- -r-:::
~.
I"~
"'-
26
700
600
'2001=
I-
I=I-A,1- I-
A
1-1-- -
-
r"-D A+F
- I - - I--
.~ -,--
'f.('o,:'-
1-
W
gs 500
1000
I~ A+(
I,(~
1- 1- .- "I- t-I-
~ 1-27
LLI
gs 500
,000
.- ,-
I...-~
!;{
ffi 400
~
80 0
I-
1\ AfF+C
\.-:'0"" !r'-I- F+C 1---
- 31
43
"
::0 M. '-
~ 300 60 0 ~ 300 60 0
~
I-T DIAGRAM 1-
200 40 0 200 40 0
t Esllmoled
:-~ ~IA?R~M * EsliJnoled -
100 20 0 - TerJt)etolp"
r-~IJ'
'00 20 0
~HOU~
o
0.5 I 2 5 10
II
L~
"
,111,,1
iIIiIllI II Itr ~ o
0.5 I 2
1,111,,1
5 10
I~ 11111 rnw :~ ~
II
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
32 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
-I--I- A:
1'1"" 1
~
800
700
1400
At r-- I-- -r-
r- - I-- - r-
I',r-,- 'A~F ;~~ ~
-f- f-
~
fo'~
I
I6
800
700
140 0
f- - At' l- I- -
l- A: t- 1- -
-r-- -- -r- -- -j;;' --
-t-r- 1--
-17. ~ - 1",,-=
1T;.;"c ( F+C
-I- -
~I---
- . l5
i
II
F+C
I"
-- ...
120 0 25 120 0 28
600
r- t"-or-. 600 A r"-r-- ....... """1000. 33
A I-..... 31
....... I-' F:::
ILl 1000 W 100 0
!5 500
~
ffi 400
80 0
l/io""
1,.....,..1....
A+F+C -- - - :- _I~
10- 35
!5 500
~
ffi 400
80 0
/'t' -.-
:.--"
r:....
A+F+C
.- - I--
35
a.
::;: P=- M: F+C
--f~
39
43
~
t:::- M's ~I- .- 44
~
\
300 60 0 I I ~ 300 60 0
I-T DIAGRAM f-
200 40 0 200
•
40 Ot- rt---Temperoue
EsllmQIed
o
0.5 I 2 5 10
I~ 11'11 mil liP,[!
II 1111 ~
II o
0.5 I 2
)1 111 11
5 10
I~ IILII fflLI II Itf ~
II
--
700 F- - As - - - - -r---= 700
'20 0
I ~I-- t::.... F
I 84RB
a.
::;; f- M s
1\ 'f- oo, ~ 4' a.
::;; t- Mst
~ 300 60 0
I"-
48
ILl
..... 300 600F Mot" +++++-++-t-+-H-H-+-t-
~r= ~:
200 40 0
200 400
I
*j
1-T DIAGRAM
I-T DIAGRAM
100 20 0 I I I I 100 200-f--t- T~'::;~,:II~~. -++++++-++-l-+-H-H
o
0.5 I 2
11 1111
5 10
I~ IIIIIIIII~III I II tf fflfii
60
o
0.5 I 2
IJIIIII~
5 10
.11111 mil :!llfI!.
I 111111
~42
1111111
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 33
.
~
'400 z 1400
o
-
DO
A
700
ApproJ.. As .f-
~~-I- l.-
. -I-
Z 700
f- 1·- -/-- f- ApP'Ol. As 1- .1- ._f-
1200 I 14
120 0
~l
II 1\I' A.F:C i"""
~
I-
W
600
1000 f-I-
1/ A • F" r--.J.'- l- 1< I-
F+C 2~
20
600
1000
A1';'+C
"-, 1<: F+
.... ....1, r-
27
26
l"'- i;" - - " W
I"'-r- I)
~
~ 500 I .
!§ 500
I- .... ....
<l:
ffi 400
80 0
i A.Flc ..... I-
Vl-~
1-1- -
I-
<l:
ffi 400
80 0 A
~
L.o
.-
0-
::a ~ I.-.L- 0- A + F+C
"""-
SO\ .....
."1-- ::a /1 I-!-.I-
~ 300 60 01= 1=-= M s
45 W
I- ~OO
60 0 46
1--1- Mso
47
M,
r'\ -.sol Ill-"" F+
1-
52
200 40 01- t== M,o 200 40 0 55
t- Mso
I
1- T DIAGRAM
\-T I DI"G~A~
If:ITf:~ I, !HOU~
100 20 OI- I I " I 100 20 01<= F= M,o
f- \HOU~
I~ ~
60
I~ I~ ~
62
o III f7IT1II1 I III 0 II 11111 11111111 Ii"1IIII11 II
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10
TiME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
ILl 1000 ~
~
I-
800 .... 1'-0
r--. ~ ...
-~
I-- t... 40
ffi 400 80
0
.... I-
~
A
( A + F+e
~-
-
~ 300 80 0 ",.
47
""
,~ 10,"
( F+C - 83
200 40 0
~ "
~ ...... ~... 87
1=-1- M.
I-T DIAGRAM
100 20 of i= Moo
o
f<-"I- Moo
0.5 I 2
II 11111
5 10
J..!!l!L
111111 IILJ ~!III II I~ lY ~ ~ 87
TIME - SECONDS
Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
34 Atlas of Time-Temperature DIagrams
600 ",
.....
A+C
(' A+F+C ~~"':-C
-- -- -.... --
F+C
- 33 600
',_-I- --
!
~
- 24
--
3
,.... ....... ..... ~-
'000 100 o 24
W
I- -1-.... W I!" ,.... A • F+C
~ 500 ~ 500 1-"'1'
41
\ 11;- - 28
*"
f- I-
« ......... « A
ffi 400
80 0
\,........ _1-- - ffi 400
80 37
0-
::;:
W
I- 300
60 0 A
" A+f+
I'. .....r--,
'
--
~, ,C I'F+(
[.,oo~' I-"
49
55
0-
::;:
W
I- 300
60
Of-'I
F-'M,
o~l= ~:*
;«
.. '0", ~
......
-
44
200 40 0
" ..... , ,-,,,,,,,,
60 40 0
-I-- 200 I-T DIAGrAi
I-T DIAG~AT -'r-. ;«
100 20 O~ ~ M, 100 20 OI- l--_ Esllmoted
~HOUR :HOU~
o
f-
10-- M,o
II I~
,,(1, ~,' II I~ ~
II .
48
o lI:ri,~ II IIIII~III II It: ~
5.
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
~
800 A 800
- AI - '-1- I- f-.
700
140 0
120 0
Ao-'
,-' ~ .... .... 1"'"
--
I
2o
o 700
14oot-:l=1.~1==t=+:t;t~+=t:;;tH~~I=+=l=+b
I- AS-'j~
r .~~._.-I-'I-
A+F~~~~ ~ ~ .. -
~ ~ 1"-0 ~ .....
600
I A+F ~ 1'-- .....
2
r'"
W 1000 -A A.+ F+C
~ 500 r"i- ~~
I- ( ~I-- 2
I
« 80 0
/ F+C 3
ffi I \
0-
::;:
400
-f--
60"-\ -4
\.
~ 300 60 0;:::
M, '
""0
F= M,. ... 51
~I-
200 40 0
',T DJ~G'A~
1
m,
100 20 0
o
0.5 I 2
1111111
5 10
,*1 ,IIllIuI \Ii III I ~ ~
II
61
a
0.5 I 2 5 10
;!llfl ~
11 11111I ,1Tl1I1
64
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 35
I
111"1
III'~ .' I'I A' 'I'I 111111
I
+ 1-=
ITJTII
I
. i- 1-.
'r
i
800 F-A,- 800 A
'40 '40OF _ At '- l - i---+'-
,7"~rt' .l-
°HtA
100 I-. 100 I-- - As;-
-~ A. - -
I - As l-
BGRB
L,....o ,
'20
o II' A +F ' l 1< F+C
120 0
I"--.AtF~ ·'1.... FtC-
600
I m "",,' 600
I ~~
~~
r::::- r... I"--t-
... 20
W
~ 500
I-
100 o
~\
;
I~Jo,
_I'"
Ai F;C 1,...0
I
23
W
S 500
I-
100 oi-
I-
e-A
1/10-'" _1- - I -
1.- A t FtC
- 24
200
60 0
40 0 I-T DIAGRAM
300
200
60 0
>"-1- Ms
1-1--
40 01= t=
M..
Mgo
1'-
- 5.
600
'200
e
1.00' ~
,~
· .....1....
FtC - i - 26
30 w
600
'000
t ~tr ...... - 1-"-
(
A t FtC ~-r-. 87RB
I
-.~
W '000 A
1-_1) <,
, 3' ~ 500 -x: V,oJ ( 26
~ 500
~ 80 0 =
~ Ms~
F'C
3
I- 1"'- A t FtC J ffi 400
«
ffi
a.
::;:
w
400
80 0
60 0
\ , ,,- ..........
_.~
3"
4"
a.
::;:
~ 300 60 0
;;::1= Ms!
M,o" \
I- 300
200 40 o-
Ms·
. I...... ,
50'..}.. ..... FtC 54
58 200 400
I-T DlAGri
l0- t-- J
l-~tJ::i
M!lor
l<-
I-- "'
90
t 1,- T I DI~G~A~ '00 20 0>"-
I I
'00 20 0
.j T~r:'~:1
.";~,,.
,L,I o II ,~ I rill mil I~ :-m; 45
I~ ~K
I I
,~ GITi 64
"
0 II 11111 II II 0.512510
0.5 I 2 5 10 TIME - SECONDS
TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
36 Atlas of Time-Temperature DIagrams
- ... =+-,-=
II
.
I
1-
800
140o!::::. Af
11
' 1111 11
.
11111
- - I-I--·
1111111
A III~lI~ f--
III' "1'11
--r-
-
1400 ' f-._'
I A I A
.... -~ I I
1200
r- - As' l-r-t- - ,
.....
/.1-
';;;-
- '
700
120 0
A
S
.....
A+F-'
I .-1--
,..... C-
--I-
600 A/ _ Abf:-~""'~
I- i-
~ ... 600 / Il1 .....
IJJ
~ 500
I-
1000
,," \
....
A + F+ C
V I--'~
I
23
W
g:;
f-
500
100 0
/ (
50'-'
A + F+C ;'
I
«
ffi
800 " F+C 32 «
eJo, 400
80 0
1'-
\
F+C 30
400 ~o,,~
i'. - 1_ Ms. *
n,
::;;
~
MS\ 42
48
::;; :=~ ~:~* \..
36
JJ I,~
I I I I
o
f-
0,5 I 2
II 11111
5 10
I~ uhu mill II ~ ~
60
o
0.5 I 2 5 10
111111 m, 111111 1 II I~ ~
II '
46
700
I- 'As' I-I--.t. 1-1- , -
of'
700
1400
~ As ~ .1- _,-= 82RB
I r\: ............
100 20 0 _~E'II""led II -
o
0,5 I 2 5 10
111111
~
1111 1111
1!J1,!!
1111111I
!.!:!ill 6
1111111 o IIPJ'T,~ 111111 ~II I I II l~ ~
111I
46
0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 37
140 o
dJ,'J:~1
r-~
1'1""
- - - --f--
A II III I'I'''
- -c--- : - -I- 1 - -
111111 111111
,-
800
-c 'F
1400 rr I""
1-- t-f--
I III
A
l '"''
--- -- .
II 111I II
I"" 11,1111
1-
-
AI -
f-- f--f- - - - ,._[-=
700
120 Of-~I--A
A~I
+F
1..... 10-'
~
---.
~ I....... F+C
1-- 82R8
I
·700
1200
=- 1-' f-I--
...
--
- FH;- I--f- 24
(
r---. 'roo
J H- ~
600 I' i"'-oo 1- I
t"'-~I-_
600 32
! I'
W
~ 500
I-
100 0
, I
I
- A + FtC
"",,1.-0-""" -~'"'"
1-
21
26
W
~ 500
1000
(
..-
A+F+C
1--....
~
35
29
« 80 0 F+ C. 32 ~ 80 0 1\ l,....o- 3
ffi 400 ffi 400 ,
o,
::;:
w
I- 300
A"·
-"'$
60 0,-- f---- "'so
Io-f- "',.
I!IO":~ (
I'.
f--- f- I- - I - 1--1--- 42
46
~
~ 300 60 0
1'" I\.. '°'1-
1('"'"
i'r--
F+C_ I--f-
43
49
40 0
=+-- "'$ .... 55
,~I
I
~K
53
:HOU~
GTIi I~ mill I~ I~
64
o I II II 11111 II o II 1111 I~ 11111 I II
0.5 I 2 5 10 105 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME -- SECONDS TIME -- SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
~U~I -~~
III 111 11 1 11111I 11111 1111"
A I- 'C F
800
f- - 1--1- I--~-
~
AI'.! Ill! 1-~J.l}'jT= .U j1!I.,- I-J-'- jill- I:::'-l -Ilil -/-U Iuu-
700
140 01-,
I=-
I-A
As _.~ • I--'1- .I---c l-.
.....
I'-~'=
800
140
o~
i- I
- ~ ~~+r
I........ A.-I- --J- I'-I---c-1- -- - -.f-
120 o I A+ F F+C I 700 1-
1I~
~-
D
j",ooo
W 100 0 26 600 I
~ 500
I-
[,... J,.ooo
\
....10-
A + F+C
.... , - 26 W 100 0 _
I/A1+Lc
......... F+C 21
« L..o .... ~ 500 1 I
It'I-"l-"
80 Ol-A 30 26
ffi 400 V 1_...
~
~
~ 300 60 01=1=
1'[\
$.
", .. "'-i
h \I F+C 40
49
ffi 400
n,
::;:
~
80 0
f- t--
1== t=
"'$.'"
"',.
Mso.
I'
~
35
43
10--1-
:::* "- 300 60 0
200 40 0
Io-f-
~
"I~
I- 61 100 20 0
o II
0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME -- SECONDS
o
0.5 I 2
II 1111
5 10
,*"1 II
111111 :HOUR
IIfIIIII
" I~ Jflli 50
TIME -- SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
38 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
~ \
, 600
:-... I....
32
lU
600
100 0
I A+F
\ "!'-or--.. F+C 26
27
W
~ 500
100 0 A
.- 1-
- 1'-.
-
"
~ 500 I- 1- 1-
1\ A + F+C 27 <t 80 0
~ 80 Of-A / I 33
ffi 400 A+~\+C 1--"'-'"' I- 44
ffi
D..
:::;:
400
1\ \
"150"
I iIo"-i--' 42
D..
:::;:
~ 300 60 0
"r--- "\ \ (i-'"
r-,
F+C
51
M, 1','0"
~ 300 60 01=
10- M,o .....
50
F- M. 55
I- M.o 200 40 0 I
200 40 0 I-T DIAGRAM . -
I I I II
Ii"TI DI~G~A~
100 20 0
100 20 0
I~ ~HOU~
IIIllIuI mil Itr ~
I~I 1m! mil
~HOUR o II
IX~
11 11111
o
0.5 I 2
II 11111
5 10
II
I!!\
II 11111 lIT
60
0.512510
TIME - SECONDS
TIME - SECONDS LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view
800 800
1400 1400
700
1-1- At
V
-l- I-. 1-1-- I--
- ....
- -
- 700
r-r- At
"",I--'" &I"~-
t;::l;:;
120ol-A
-,- F+C- 1200 A+ F- ~ Kl ..f"'~I.F+C
'"r--t- -
1/
600
LI A+ F 600 A ""'" -t:=
W 100 0
I k
1000
P
-
lU
,
~ 500 ~ 500
I- r< I-
.Jl. + F+C
I- ....F+C I-
<t
P" ~+F'+C- I-
<t
ffi 400
D..
:::;:
80 0
I- Mt r-, f -....
,
1/ ffi 400
D..
:::;:
80 0
I- M.
r,.-.... F+C
~ 300 60 0
lU
I- 300
60 0
1-
200 40 0 200 40 0
I-T DIAGRAM
100 20 of-- I--- *Eslimoled
I I I I I
100 20 0
*Esllmohd Tempuahlre I I
I-T DIAGRAM
I I I
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society (or Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 39
700
\=1= At-= f=AL 1=01= 01== 01= F' '1=1=' 1=
700 ~ At ~!'t= :1= 1=:f=f= I--
-- I- - 1;;2
I-~ I:=l;: ::=1=;;
/ p .... 25
r..-
120 0 "<, ....1-- F+C- f-I- 30 1200 22
600
A 'r-. r-, 1' ...... r:::-t"-- 32 600
IC r-," ...... "" I\'t~F+C 29
W 100 0
r-- 100 0
llJ
g:; 500 l--' g:; 500
I~ A+ F +C-
I-
« 80 0 If I-
« 80 0
A 1-0'"
:5a. 400 1\ r-, :5a. 400 ~
~
~ 300 60 0
H50% J..-"I--'
I-f--' 45
52
~
llJ
I- 300
60 0
r-,
tTl I..-
L~j,..
49
\.
1\ 57 I-
')L F+C
55
200
100
40 o
20 0
I- Mt
*ESlimoledTempetal~e
I-T DIAGRAM
I I I I I I
I-t-
200
100
40 oI- l-
20 0
Mt
*Esllmaled Temperature
""
: -TIDIIA~RAIM
~'I' !HOU~
J.
,~ I~ ~ ~~
I- I-
o II 11111 I ' 11I111i!1' o I,L,I I~ ,1'11I1 i"itt~11
1I 11 I~
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10 106
H' 111I II
'A II 1'"1 I III 11111
140
o I I( A+F ~-
~+6
1o
800 F-
'-,
1
Ar
I' .1- 1'- . 1--I - +- f- --1=
700
120ol-I-I--A ~ If -x "'" __r"-
22
30 700
140 0
I- ._~ ~~
+--
I-"
.1- . 1-.- ~ .- I-
600 r"'t:> 1-:1"::::r---t-
ro. 31 120 0 86RB
~"t... 1--1 Ie; F+C
~I--'
JI
llJ 1000 600 ... 12
g:; - 1-1- .-'
I---"
A+F ~
1'-,1""0
I-
500
I--
-A + F+C- I- llJ
g:;
100
-
ot~ Ms~-'t-.
... 1... 500 1..-10-
15 400 0 35 _100 28
80
i;' !;:t I J..E ,.,"
MS~
a.
I~'·' F+C 45 80 I- F+C 33
~ I\. :5 400 f- l-
~ 300 60 01= -..... 51 a.
~ I::1= ::.
ן0- M,.
ן0- M,.
1-
~ 300 60 0
200 40 0
o
20 0
I~
I
m,
I
.JI,Y
~
III
60 100 20 Of- *'E"""'••
-!--T••,.,.,,,, II
I. I
IIIIIIIII,~ m,
II 11/1 11111 111111 II 1111
~ :Tffi 42
0.5 I 2 5 10 o " 111I 1111111 II
TIME - SECONDS 0.5 I 2 5 10
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
40 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
~+I r-'
II II' II
1
·C ·F 11 II 1111 II 11 --1-=
~r
II II III
800 F=-
1
'-I At" 1-'
1" 11 11
1- . 1-. 1--1--
'A
,.- . 1-.
1" 800
140 0
f- Af . t- 1-. I- -- I--
A
~I"""'" .....
140 0
_I-'"
700 - .~
i"'"
1-- I-hoo 1/
700
120 0
I- -r- ....k-' 1-'-17 ,o
'\.l,~I'00~
600
120 0
JI ~
io-"~ ~ ~A+F
~
- ..>
F+C
....
e6RD
I
W
!5
600
100 0
-I
~
A
/"
,/'
(r(
A+F
- ~~)D
,
A+F+C_r-;,
,
f\l~J~ ~rl·-\-
W 100 500 26
/
!5 500
/' 28
l-
e( 80
F+C
:-_c_ 33
l-
e( 80 0 )
f- ,
F+C 33 ffin, 400 0=
~ ~~~* ~ i -
ffi 400 - M.~.l*. ~~O'l. I- ::;: F=
a,
::;: ::: ~ ~::. 1 .... 1\ ~ 300 60 0
~ 300 60 0
IIJ"I,~ ~
. . Ellhll,'d
100 20 0
l~ ~
I-J- T .... lfll . ' . 43
r
o
0.5 I 2
"I'IIIII,~
5 10
II 1111 tm
f I iT'lil II
,l!!
III'
105
Y
4lii
liT
42 o
0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS
I' 1111
104
1 II II '
105
W
600
100 of-f- A
J 41
42 l.LJ
800
'000
II A
c,.
i'\
20
2
!5 500 V }
F::j)D 32 !5 500
~l
/ .oJ
26
f\
. ~"""
50
~ A+F+C
~ JI- F+ C
r
80 0 39 j"oooo' 35
80 0
ffi ffi M:
"'~\
,/ I~
~
400 400
45
~ ~ o+- r- Mt., \
~ 300 60 0
"'- ..... 52 ~ 300 60
-~ -
\
57
=-1- Ms f- - - """"'" -..:::0 I-T DIAGRAM
200 40 0 _ 200 40 0
I--- Mso
100 20 0 -
f- Moo
I i -r I G A
100 20 0
*ESlilnoled
rr .1..
I~ ~6
R
o II 111111 II 1111 ffl 11111 II Itr o I 1111 I~ 11111 fillilll II
lillJ y
1111\ ~
48
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.512510
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 47
600
'20 0
1/~A.J ~ F ) ~ ..... - 29
22
\ 600
~ )F+
LJJ 1000 f--A C'------ 29
g 400 80
0
~~\ '\" ~'I - 44
36
F+ C
~ r\:
\
~ 300 60 0
51
f-'- Ms,f- -~
~ --=
"
I-f-- Moo
200 40 0 200 4001-1- Ms I--
1- 1--1--- Mso
I~GRIA~
100
o
20 0
1,111II I~ I
11]
~ I~ ~K
,~ I~ ~65
I Ii III
'" I \I II II o "III 11111111
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
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-
f- A,U ~ i l . [Ill . 111111 11111 I III 111 1111 11111 II 11111'1"
~
I ~ - 1- ~
800 A 1-1-I - z
'40 0
800
140 Of=~ AI - - I
700
'20
011
f- As - . ' 1-1---- (--, ..'::.
1/I +F ~ 1-"-
- - -f-- -- -
;;;;;
.....
--
-8
I o
700
'20 0
~~- Asl-
V
""I.-" - - e- r= :
2
600
0 1\ .
..... I-~A:F+C "'b
L,..
I 600
1'Po + F
\
t'--t---..
F+ C 28
3o
,
2
t '00Of-
LJJ '00 LJJ A
~ 500
I-
et
ffi 80 01-
UfM:'I. F+ C 26
38
~ 500
I-
et
ffi 400
80 0
[,01-- !-
/' ......A+F+C
D 2
3
a.
:::;:
LJJ
I- 300
400
60 0
~ 1= ~:t \ a.
:::;:
LJJ
I- 300
60 01== "'= Ms
\ OO%
I( 43
4
*Eslimoled TtIJ'9!l"olure
M" \
40 O~
M~
200 40 0 200
I-IT IDIAIG7A\1 I-,T ~It G7A~
100 20 0 '00 20 0
o
0.5 I 2
II 11111
5 10
1*"1 1,IIIuI GITiIi II ~ ~
liT
105 106
0
I-
0.5 I 2
" I""
5 10
,~ 11111I ~IIII II
I~ y
~
61
106
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
42 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
,
+C
W 100 01-- I--t-A 33 lJJ 1000 20
~I-I- I""'- I-
~ 500 l"-"",~ 29 g; 500 '\ lf4/>o.. 26
!;i 80 0
A+F+C
t.... 34 !;i 80 0
II """ + C
33
ffi 400 t sol ~ ffi0- 400 1-' Ms 1-' I-f- 1-
~ iI'~ 43
::;:
~ 300 60 0t- Ms
51
~ 300 60 0
~I- Moo I' *E5llmoled Ten'Clull.....'
200 40 01+ Moo 200 400
o
0.512510
II 1111 I~ III ~1I1 I I~ ~
II
62
o
f-
II 1111 I~ II III tilll \1111 II I~ ~
II
46
0.512510
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
'~'F(
~
700 700 I- 90
120 0
I... ~ -,~
24 1000010-
= ~,~ 120 88
lJJ
600
3 lJJ
600
1000
+F+C Ie. t-~
94
97
g; t- g;
!;i
300
{, A+F+C'"
~~ .... I-
500
M:
1\
~I-
I F'+ C
.- r- 1-1-
O~ t- M:'
80 o el: 1-
60
ffi 400 /1' I"'-~ "",I- I-"!""" 44
ffi 400
~ I lI"
0-
::;:
~ 300 60 0t- 1- Ms I- I- t-
50 lJJ
I- 300
60 0
I+-t- Moo I'
1--1- M,o *E5l1mo1td T~olu'e
200 40 0 200 400
11I1I1~11I1
I
l.!\y
I~
I-
o II 11111 II II II I~ ~
II o I 1111 I~
III II ~,
111111 I 1111 ~
II
0.512510 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 43
~"
F+C
'20 0 .... 1200
F+ C 20
W
!5
600
'000
A
- ..... ~
-
.-
W
!5
800
100 o
A
I"""
-~ "::: 1-00
'---t'+~ -
, .. ~
r-- or-
1- 21
,
500 -1-
("" ,.._.f-. -A+F+C 500
It A+F+~I- I-
-
I- ~ 0% I-
<t '
80 0
ffi 400 M*s \
r- 15 400 0
......
II--.'
l- 80
a. 43
::;:
w ~ >0%
I"'" F+ C
I- 300 60 0
~ 300 60 0 Ms I - . ~r- I -
l- -
l- \.
*EsliJnoied TeD1*oh....
200 40 0 200 40 0
*..'imo'odT-r' 'i T IDllAGrAIM
100 20 0
'iT '1 GRA M 100 20 0
.I. .I..
o
f-
0.5 I 2
111111
5 10
I~ II fflrl
1111 11111I Iltf
11111 ~ o
f-
0.512510
11111I I~ 11111 fflLI I tr ffflii
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
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(
-
I'" F~ d
800
~
1.0 ~ 10-
- ..
-- -1-=
-..... --":-:::.
I
100
A+!+C
140 0
~ ....... i"'"
600
120 0
1-0 ....
<5~ 1.. -
25 700
120
:;,0
0 .. ~
~ ...iII"" -....... ~
.......
-- - - - -- f-·I-=
86RS
l1J
~ 500
100 0 A
W
600
1000
'.~'
A+ +
... ~ . -I
1~ 1\
~ !5 500 F+C - 25
ffia. 400
80 0
,...- ~
~ _1-- O"""~I s \
80 I\.\. 33
::;: + ~+r ~ ffi 400 \ j\
~ 60 0 1 46 a. -
300
/_ 50 '10
11 F+ C ::;:
f-- *
Ms f - I - ~ 300 600
200 400 I-T D1h~R M r-r IAGRAM -
.\ 200 400
*EslllMled Tftl'lPeratu'e
100 20 0 -
o I~ ~I
IITI I " tr ffflii 100 200
~1I1
111111 111111
:l!\ Y
~
f-
I~
41
0.5 I 2 5 10 o 111111 111111 11 1111 II
TIME - SECONDS 0.5 I 2 5 10
LIVE GRAPH TIME - SECONDS
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
44 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
I:::~"'-
-
~
A.
~~
700
,-
700
-
A A+~ I- -
120 0'--1-
'/
600 600
~~ ~~
... '.lJ
I
23
w W 100 0
!5 500 !5 500 ~V+C 33
F+C
!i !i 80 0 ...
~SO~
1.... - 36
ffi 400 ffi
~ 1\
400 M,
a. -
::0 ~
~ 300 600~-+-+-I-+--+-+-+--+-H-H-+-+-++---H ~ 300 60 0
I-T DIAGRAI1 - I-TDI~G AM
200 400H-+--+-++--++-+-+-H-H-+-+-t-+---r--J 200 40 0
- -
100 200~-+-+-I-+--+-+-+--+-H-H-+-+-++---H 100 20 0
~1I1 ~~
!.!1,Y
o 1111111 I~ 111111 mill III~ ~4B o I 1111 I~ I 111I1 1 1111
46
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.512510
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
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A, i ~
l-
-=
BOO
140 0
- AI f-
!-o"b-;;," 'i"'"
-f- f-- I- -1-- ---
700 ~:
- F
_I-
-r-r--: -'-- -- '--f- -r-= 700
~
-- -
- - I- - I-- f=
-
B6RB ;;;0- ["...-
1200 120 0 1
~j F:: ro-_
~- f,P \ _I-'
~"". '~+ ~~~~ . . . r-.
600 I 600
F+C
1,.00
-I
W 1000
i
\j ~- "F+ C
1--0.. 1 W 1000
I,;'
-' -""'" 21
~~
~ 500 !5 Vl - i"
~, '\./ ~-
~ 23
f-
500 A+ F+C
,;
24
!i BOO 31
15 400 o\
ffia. W.-.l!ftM BO \ 35
~
400
f- w'" M
\
::0
~ 300 600
f- I-T DIAGRAM
~
~ 300 60 0 " I-T ~I GF AM
-
-
200 400 200 400
-
100 20 0 100 20 0
I~ ~ hili ~ ~
R
I~ ~ fir ~
4B 49
o II 111I II 1111 II I iTllII o 111111 111111 ,1111I II III
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Next Page
60 0
""
M \
s
i/ """"
~fso
1'\ I( F+C .. !5
!;j:
ffi
Q.
::;
500
400
800
~i\
Ms
'1,
1\ \
~+ C 26
.5
I!.!\ y
~
100 20 0
I~
I-
Grfi 50
o
0.5 I 2
II 11111
5 10
II 11111
TIME - SECONDS
1111\ II 11111 II
o II 11111
0.5 I 2 5 10
I~ II 111I m 11111 II I~ .~ 47
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
.... -
700 - t-r- I - f - I~ %
700
~ I'A.~~ -~ -I- -
I.oo~
-I- ~- 120 011'
~. r-(I'"" I""
8 4RB
120 0
.... F+- l - 84RB
~
10-"1'""
I-
Io"l~ 1""1"" "'"'
600 I
vi.......
1/r- ~ ~toe:: I'ot- 1-1- ~+F+C
l- i.. Io 100 ol~
800 ~ I
lLJ
~
1.... !5
lLJ 100 0
/
A+F+C I 500 \1\ +C
1- 2
!5 500 Ij I-
« t-"
I-
o~\ 'M \( I\. 1(' +C
24
ffi 80 O~ \'-tM • 4
ei 400 80 F/M
\
.2 Q.
::;
400
~ 1-
"
Q.
lLJ
::; I- .00
60 0
~ .00 60 0 I-T 01 G~~ M
I-T )1 GRAM 200 40 0
200 40 0
100 20 0
100 20 0
I~ Gli'filll I~ ~ 47
~ ~1i
o II III II
I~
II 1111
o 11 1111 II 1111 Grfil
111111 I
48
0.5 I 2 5 10
0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS
TIME - SECONDS LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 aa published in Atlaa of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Previous Page
700
f- - f--
800
700
120
F--
1400f-,.A
':--'
I~ ",.
- I- --
.... - A+
r-
-
t-
I;;;ii-- --I-
o
,----
- l-r- - - 1-=
1-1-- C--=
!--I-
.
o~
600 800 ~;....- I
lli2Yft l~
o uluu
~
111111 111111 11111111
I!.!\~
1111111
~4
11111I o II 11111 I~ II iiftlll , I~ ~K
II 54
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
.-
1 ';:'
11111 11111
,-
.I--.f- 800
F
F=--A, -
u.-
'A"
t- --- r-' +-
"1'"1
---I- t - I - -
11111 111111
I-I--I~-
~~
700
14001-
A, -
I
- I-
I..... 10-'''''"
'I---f-
86R8 700
1400
H+~~~
t- A,
A
f-- +-,.- f-I- .
'20 01- I-A """" 26 1200 At F
~I;::::1.0.
f' ~D
O'I:::;p-
600
l/ At .... 1- 31 600 ~ ~., ......... .J~"'"I) I - I
J F:~
W 100 0
"'" ~V 29
ILl ,1.!"~+-+tft:r=~$i~~~H~F91~r-
A:F+~ /rr
I~~ {....1- At FtC
100 21
~ 500 28 ~ 500 L , - 27
I-
<l 80 0
~ 37
I-
<l iw.•\f FtC
ffi FtC
ffi 8001=1= M,,~¥=ft:e~t-=I=:j::::R=HH=iH=t=l=j
36
~
400
,o,~
If 45 o,
400
+- M.~r' \ \ ,-
~ 300 60 o~
M,•• '
M 50
::0
~ 300
+- M••• \'
600H-+--l--+-+-+-++-+++-+++-++-+--H
'=""" M.o " -
200 400 200 4ooH-+----1-f-+-f-+ 1-T DIAGRAM -+-+--1-+-+-+-1
1- T I DlfGrA~
100 20 0 1
100 2001- -r- T~~::e -+++-+++-+++-++-1-+--1
II
o
0.5 I 2
II 1111
5 10
I~ 'I ~I
f I \11111 II if ~
II I
60
o I- IIIIIIIIII~ !Pf! ~ 48
11111:
~
111111111 I I 11111 111111I
0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 47
r--~ ~~ ~~ ~
1'\ ~~
... 1- .....
400 400
-0 I' 50
~ 50 ::;: ...... 50\
I'
~ 300 60 0
\ ,..]), ~~
'\1"" ~ 300 60 0
"\ "-
~~
" I........
I""" r-.. .......
54
59
o
*1
Ellhmal"
T,lIIplfOIIll"
I~ IIIIJ
II
!HOU~
~II Illtr ~
66
o
i-
11 11111 I~
.1.
0.5 I 2 5 10 0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS TIME - SECONDS
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Type: Fe-C-Mo
Composition: Fe - 0.97% C - 1.04% Mn - 0.32% Mo
Grain size: 6-6 (black lines) Austenitized at 964°C (1760 0F)
Grain size: 7-8 (gray lines) Austenitized at 843°C (1660 0F)
'C F I III II 11 11 ! 1111 11 1111" I III 111 111
800 A
140 0
I-
1.0- ~' ..
LIVE GRAPH Ai
700
~ [,;~ ....... jooo""'V"
I
Click here to view 120 0
~v I , 1'1'0 1',...
F+C t--t- 31
W
600
I~ 1-""1"
gj 500
!;i 80 0
~ 1-
41
f5 400 ,
J"il~
P=:=. . . . . r-:'"'"
J' N~ 1- 48
~
~ 300 60 0
F+C- t--r- 54
~ ....
I"""Il I .... !'C::
~r-..t"'o
..... 5
200 40 0
20 O-
-
r- M,o
Ms -
" ,,- ......
62
r~IIT~RA~
100
o
- f - M,.
111111 I~ m,II 111111 II ~ ~
II
65
0.5 I 2 5 10
TIME - SECONDS
SOURCE: I-T Diagrams, Third Edition, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh PA, 1963 as published in Atlas of Isothermal
Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH, 1977
48 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
700
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Ca"bon Se"ias
Steel 'fie 600
f.-Hypo·£"t au
2.- E"tectoid aag
J.- Hypo,,·Eut UJ 500';;>
.;
~800
~ ~oo Js
1
~
600
400
JOO~
200
,I
200 100
IMin. I&y' 0
0
05 I 100 10ססoo
Beginning
i MV
"'-100
sooj
;00
200
SOURCE: E.S. Davenport, "Isothermal Transformation in Steels," Transactions of American Society for Metals, Vol 27, December
1939, pp 837-886
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 49
;100
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
600
500~
.(oof
4001
'00
200
o
.51 10. ~
&ginning
200 100
~
.."
0
o().5 1 1 10000 KXXXJO
T~fns.-a
SOURCE: E.S. Davenport, "Isothermal Transformation in Steels," Transactions of American Society for Metals, Vol 27, December
1939, pp 837-886
50 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
~ m~
1100
A.' 4 ~ i== r
A.' 1 ~J WJt; - ~ J
LIVE GRAPH ~ -
- I-J.t} '.1
r::
~
1
-
? '00
1200 I---
Click here to view
1000
1/'
L J
.....
= "4
1
f-
2 -,
-
r--
4
-
-
600
...
- \ (
SO
-
~
-
""
.~
I-- 4
I, \( s -# Chl'OfT1ium Seflies
I M«fium Caf'bon Ste81
200 I- ~_I~ l- I- l- I 00
f~
D
as I
I-
·S
II~'
100
I~~
)() /(
l-
I ~
~
......
100 KJIO
1:;-. I.lo
10000 ~'00000
rime in &con<b Ending
Ael 1-2'''-4
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
Molybd8num Se"ies
Steel %Mo we "Mn
I QD 0.35 O.J?
2 0.21 0.42 0.20
J 0.52 0.40 OAJ
4 Q82 0.J6 0.1?
200 5 1.96 I aM 0.41
~~...
",
o
0.51
SOURCE: E.S. Davenport, "Isothermal Transformation in Steels," Transactions of American Society for Metals, Vol 27, December
1939, pp 837-886
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 51
11
, r--
l-
f---
r--
I-
-
,-
I--
..0.
~~
1200 l- e....
600
1000 - I-
500
1\
l- I
""2
-,
f-- - , 500
VenBdium 8ePies
1\[\
400 1\ 200
8tee/ %V 2iQ. %Mn
1 aD a88 Q41
2 0.20 0.90 Q4?
III 100
200 Ij! ·S :;j
~ ~~
o 71. ~~ ·0
05 , 10 100 1000 1()(}()()
TJfTIt1 fOf'50 % 7i¥lnsfof'fT1lJtion. &cond8
1400 i=:
A~~
r-
f-
f-
r=- g;,r.:
I-'
r-
f-
-
i=
l-
i=
?'Oo
LIVE GRAPH li?OO ~ ~
~
I-- I-- f- f-
Click here to view , 600
1000
r\:
\
f- f- f- f- f-
!1-:
"-800 - e.... '-
2~ J~
f-
~ ~
.
-'!
~600 f-
J
~
1
~ f- f-
1
f-
~ CobBl! SePiea
$/ee/ %Co 111C '16ltfn
400 - f- r-r- 1 ao
0.95 Q4S f- f- f- 200
2 a95 a95 0.48
SOURCE: E.S. Davenport, "Isothermal Transformation in Steels," Transactions of American Society for Metals, Vol 27, December
1939, pp 837-886
British En Steels
1-T Diagrams
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 55
All the micrographs in this introduction are at 64% of their original size
SOURCE: Transformation Characteristics of Direct-Hardening Nickel-Alloy Steels," The Mond Nickel Company Limited, London,
1960
56 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Each specimen was austenitized for 30 min- The ACl and Acs temperatures shown on the
utes. The temperature adopted was usually at diagrams were determined from continuous-
or near the center of the range recommended heating dilation curves. The dilatometer and
in the appropriate British Standard En test specimens were of the same types as those
specification. The diagrams for the more used for the isothermal tests and a standard
rapidly transforming steels (B.S. En 12, III heating rate was adopted, 100°C per hour,
and 160) were determined solely by the micro- over the range 500 to 870°C. The Ms, M lO, M 50,
scopical method. Those for the remaining MgO temperatures were determined according
steels were derived from a consideration of to the method introduced by Greninger and
dilatation curves and of the microstructures Troiano.
of samples quenched after being allowed to
transform to various stages. No tests extended The hardness values developed by the steel,
beyond 24 hours. A general view of the when isothermally transformed at each of a
isothermal and accessory equipment employed series of temperatures, are indicated on the
is provided in Fig. 1. right-hand side of each diagram. The bold
figures indicate the hardness values of the
fully transformed steel. Figures in italics
apply to cases where transformation had not
started or was incomplete after 24 hours; such
hardness values are of the structures develop-
ed by holding at the selected temperatures for
24 hours followed by quenching to room
temperature. For example, after 24 hours at
650°C, the 4.25% Ni-Cr Steel (B.S. En 30A) had
transformed at only 8%, and on quenching to
room temperature, the remaining 92% of the
structure transformed to martensite. Thus, al-
though the product of transformation at 650°C
was of low hardness, the final structure had
the relatively high hardness of 590 D.P.N.
Fig, 1 General view of equipment used for the This steel, however, transformed completely at
determination of isothermal transformation 600°C in less than 24 hours. The room-temper-
diagrams at the Birmingham Laboratory of The ature structure of a sample transformed at
Mond Nickel Company Limited that temperature contained no martensite, and
had a hardness value of 210 D.P.N.
reference to the diagram (Fig. 2) for the low The diagram for the B.S. En 100 steel shows,
alloy (B.S. En 100) type of steel. in the vicinity of 550°C, a very narrow range
of temperature within which formation of
Between the upper and lower equilibrium pearlite is not preceded by formation of fer-
transformation temperatures (A g and AI) only rite (Fig. 2). This range is wider in some steels
ferrite is formed by isothermal transform- (e.g., B.S. En 110), but in others formation of
ation. The separation is preceded by an pearlite is always preceded by formation of
incubation period and proceeds by nucleation f err i te (e.g., B.S. En 25).
and growth, but some of the austenite remains
untransformed. Reaction ceases when austen- The above remarks apply to a hypoeutectoid
ite and ferrite are present in the proportion steel. The proeutectoid constituent in a hyper-
indicated by the equilibrium diagram at the eutectoid steel would, of course, be cementite.
chosen temperature. With falling temperature
between A g and Al the amount of ferrite The interlamellar spacing of pearlite depends
which can form increases up to a limiting on the temperature at which it is produced.
amount which depends on the steel. For example, pearlite formed just below the
Al temperature is readily resolved under the
microscope (Fig. 3), having coarse carbide
In the range between the Al temperature and lamellae which tend to globularize, but as the
about 550°C, transformation occurs in two temperature of transformation is reduced the
stages: precipitation of ferrite, followed by pearlite becomes progressively finer until that
formation of pearlite. The amount of ferrite formed towards the lower end of the pearlite
formed decreases as the tempera ture of trans- formation range is usually too fine to be
formation is lowered, and the amount of resolved with a light microscope (Fig. 4). The
pearlite increases proportionally; the carbon lamellar form of these structures is revealed,
content of the pearlite decreases, therefore, as however, with the electron microscope (Fig. 5).
the temperature of its formation is lowered. As would be expected, this change in the pear-
lite structure is accompanied by an increase of
hardness.
Figure 6 shows various stages in the formation
of a ferrite-pearlite structure in a high-carbon
2.5% Ni-Cr-Mo steel (B.S. En 26). The micro-
structures represent samples isothermally
transformed for various times at 650°C, and
then water-quenched. Figures 6a and 6b illus-
600 ~
trate the early part of the transformation,
during which ferrite precipitation predomin-
ates. Figures 6c and 6d demonstrate the
'00 subsequent separation of pearlite. The micro-
structure shown in Fig. 6d represents complete
WJ-~~:::=====+=====:1J30DPN isothermal transforma tion, but in the other
three samples isothermal transformation was
T/I,t,NSfO/lHATlON
H. TO HA~TEN\ITf
100·
I 2 5 10 20 ~o I 2 S 10 20 eo I 2 S 10 20 I
SECONDS HINUTES DAY
DURATION OF ISOTHERMAl TREATt1ENT
+- FERRITE
x850 PEARLITE -e
Within the temperature range between A g and Fig. 5 Ferrite and pearlite in a sample of B.S.
the lower limit of the pearlite range (540°C, in En 100 low alloy steel, isothermally transformed
Fig. 2) the incubation period at first becomes at 630°C. Electron micrograph. Preshadowed
shorter and then longer with decreasing evaporated aluminum replica
temperature of transformation. Simultaneous-
ly, the rate of reaction passes through a
maximum. The part of the curve at which the
incubation period reaches a minimum is
usually referred to as the pearlite "nose" or
"knee" and is of considerable importance since
its position on the time scale may determine
the hardenability of a steel.
The structures produced in the lower temper-
ature range of transformation (e.g., between
540 and 310°C, in Fig. 2) are usually referred
to as "bainite" or "intermediate" structures.
These are harder than pearlite, the hardness
increasing progressively as the temperature of a 7 hours x 850 b 14 hours x850
forma tion is lowered. Bainite structures vary
grea tly in appearance, bu t one characteristic
type, which is formed at temperatures towards
the upper end of the range, has many of the
general characteristics of proeutectoid ferrite
although it is more irregular in outline and
has no marked tendency to precipitate at
grain boundaries (Fig. 7). At intermediate
temperatures in the bainite-formation range,
separation of ferrite is followed rapidly by
precipitation of carbide, within or near the
ferrite phase (Fig. 8). At the higher inter-
mediate temperatures the carbide particles
dispersed in the ferrite are relatively coarse, c 19 hours x 850 d 24 hours x 850
x 10.000
(--INTERMEDIATE
BAINITE
x 10.000
Fig. 8 Three stages in the formation of
intermediate bainite in a 2.S% Ni-Cr-Mo high- Fig. 10 Intermediate bainite and martensite in
carbon steel (B.S. En 26), austenitized at 83SoC, 2.S% Ni-Cr-Mo high-carbon steel (B.S. En 26),
and isothermally transformed for the times partially transformed isothermally at 4S0 vc.
indicated at 4S0°C. Etchant: 2% nitric acid in Electron micrograph. Preshadowed evaporated
alcohol aluminum replica
Next Page
Fig. 11 Four stages in the formation of lower Vanadium, in the amounts in which it is
bainite in a 2.5% Ni-Cr-Mo high-carbon steel normally added to hardenable steels, increases
(B.S. En 26), austenitized at 835°C and pearlite- and bainite-incubation periods only
isothermally transformed for the times indicated slightly, but, markedly prolongs the reaction
at 340°C. Etchant: 2% nitric acid in alcohol times of both types of transf'ormation.l?
The martensite
reaction
formation of martensite has been observed to carbon and alloying elements will also lead to
follow athermal formation of this cons tit- similar discrepancies.
uent. 26 ,30,31 This effect is, of course, quite
distinct from the isothermal formation of The Me temperature, i.e., the temperature at
bainite at temperatures within the martensite which the martensite reaction ceases, is more
range, which is well recognized. Recent work difficult to determine experimentally, but the
has shown that this bainite-forming reaction limited published data indicate that the
may be nucleated more readily in austenite effects of different alloying elements on the
partially transformed to martensite than in Me temperature are similar in ma~nitude to
austenite containing no martensite. l 0 .32 their effects on the MB temperature. 2,33 It has
been suggested, however, that the MB-Me
Carbon and most of the alloying elements temperature range is extended with increase
depress the MB temperature of steel; the of carbon content.36 Steven and Haynes 32 have
effects of alloying elements are, however, shown that for a limited range of carbon
relatively slight compared with that of carbon. contents (0.32 to 0.44%) and a wide range of
Since low MB temperatures favor the retention alloy contents, the temperatures at which
of austenite and promote the development of various proportions of martensite are formed
internal stress and quenching cracks, the mild can be obtained from the following equations:
effects, in this respect, of alloying elements in
general and of nickel and chromium in M1odeg.C. = Ms- 10 ± 3
particular must be regarded as advantageous. M.. deg. C. = Ms- 47 ± 9
M,odeg.C. = Ms-I03 ± 12
A number of formulae have been proposed for Mf deg.C. =Ms-215 ± 15
calculating the M, temperatures of steels from
their chemical compositions. 33 ,34,36,36,37 How- The Greninger and Troiano method used to
ever, Steven and Haynes 32 determined the MB determine the martensite transformation
temperatures of a wide range of steels and temperatures shown on the diagrams, involved
found that none of these formulae was quenching small samples of each steel from
adequately reliable. In preference they offer the austenitizing temperature to a series of
the following formula for steels within the temperatures within and near the martensite
composition range: carbon 0.1 to 0.55%, silicon formation range. These samples were tempered
0.1 to 0.35%, manganese 0.2 to 1.7%, nickel immediately, for a time and at a temperature
trace to 5%, chromium trace to 3.5%, which would darken the martensite formed,
molybdenum trace to 1%. bu t would not allow isothermal transfor-
ma tion, and were then quenched to room
M B in deg. C = temperature. The proportion of tempered
661-474(%C)-33(%Mn)-17(%Ni)-17(%Cr)-21(%Mo) martensite in the microstructure of each
sample was measured, and from the results the
MB, M I 0 , M60 and MgO temperatures were
This formula illustrates the relative magni- estimated.
tude of the effects of the more common
alloying elements. Thus 1% carbon depresses The microstructures of several samples used to
the MB temperature about 14 times as much as determine the martensite formation range of a
would I % of manganese, and manganese has sample of 1.25% Ni-Cr-Mo steel (B.S. En 24)
twice the effect of nickel or chromium. are reproduced in Fig. 14. In these structures
Silicon, at least in amounts up to about 0.4%, the progress of the reaction with falling
appears to have a negligible effect. Cobalt has temperature is illustrated by the increasing
been reported to raise M, temperatures.Pr" proportion of the dark-etching tempered
martensite. For a few of the steels of lower
The usefulness of the above formula and of alloy content (B.S. En 12, 111 and 160) the
other formulae which have been proposed for progress of martensite formation at temper-
calculating MB temperatures from chemical atures below MBcould not be recorded because
composition, is limited by the fact that they it was found impossible experimentally to
presume complete and uniform solution of all separate the effects of bainite and martensite
carbon and alloying elements in the austenite. formation.
If a steel contains carbide which is undis-
solved at the austenitizing temperature, as is The hardness of a fully martensitic structure
frequently the case when appreciable amounts is governed by its carbon content and is
of strong carbide-forming elements are influenced to only a negligible extent by the
present, the observed MB temperature will be presence of alloying elements. The generally
higher than would be expected from the accepted relationship between the hardness
formulae. Micro- and macro-segregation of and carbon content of martensite produced by
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 63
!az
0
~
" ~
~ 30 200
"s
20
200
10
0'" 0"
PEI\ CENT CARBON
of high carbon content, e.g., pearlite grains, lowers hardness. Further, there is some
may not be completely dispersed. As a result, evidence to suggest that this phase is train-
certain grains in the steel will have lower- sensitive and that it may decompose to
than-average martensite transformation martensite when plastic deformation occurs
ranges, and if the total magnitude of this and during mechanical testing. 46 ,46 Thus, the
other effects is sufficient, austenite may be presence of retained austenite in a steel
retained at room temperature. tempered at less than 250°C may lead to
elastic limit and yield stress values which are
The martensite formation ranges of many low in relation to the tensile strength. Temper-
high-carbon steels, including certain carbur- ing a hardened steel at these low temperatures
ized steels, overlap room temperature. Reten- does effect an improvement in its mechanical
tion of austenite at room temperature must properties of course by relieving internal
therefore be expected in such steels. If the quenching stresses to a great extent. Temper-
steel is to be tempered to a relatively low ing at temperatures above 250°C often results
tensile level, the retained austenite will in isothermal transformation of retained
transform during the tempering treatment, but austenite, although in some types of steel the
if the steel is to be used in a lightly tempered austenite may not transform at the tempering
condition as in, for example, a carburized temperature but may undergo "conditioning"
case, the tempering temperature may be too and then transform to bainite or martensite
low to effect removal of austenite. In such during cooling after tempering. 47 ,48 The
circumstances, sub-zero treatment is the most presence of martensite in the tempered steel
effective method, cooling being extended structure will have a deleterious effect on its
through the lower portion of the martensite impact properties and in such cases the
temperature range and the breakdown of application of a second tempering treatment is
austenite to martensite continuing with falling desirable.
temperature in the normal manner.
To some extent, retention of austenite is The influence of structure
favored and its removal by sub-zero treatment on mechanical properties
is complicated by a phenomenon usually
referred to as "stabilization" of austenite. 41 ,42 Hardened and tempered steels develop the best
It has already been pointed out that if cooling combination of tensile strength, ductility and
between the Me and Me temperatures is notched-bar impact properties when their
interrupted, transformation to martensite structures consist wholly of tempered marten-
ceases. This effect is accompanied by an site. The presence of ferrite, pearlite or
increase in the stability of the un transformed bainite usually lowers the values for proof-
austenite and when cooling is resumed stress, impact, fatigue-strength and, in certain
transformation does not start immediately as instances, elongation and reduction-of-area
might be expected, but only after a distinct associated with a given tensile strength. It is
degree of under-cooling, the extent of which therefore desirable to avoid transformation to
depends on the temperature and the duration structures other than martensite during the
of the interruption. In certain circumstances a hardening operation. Achievement of the opti-
proportion of the austenite may even become mum structure depends on several factors, the
wholly resistant to sub-zero treatments. more important of which are the
transformation characteristics of the steel, the
The phenomenon of austenite stabilization has size and the shape of the part to be treated,
been most frequently observed in high-carbon and the quenching conditions adopted.
steels, but evidence of its occurrence in steels
of medium-carbon content has also been The more rapidly the steel transforms, i.e., the
obtained. 32 ,43 In addition, it has been shown shorter the incubation periods indicated by
that raising the chromium content of a 1% the isothermal transformation diagram, the
carbon-chromium steel increases its sensitivity faster must it be cooled to prevent transform-
to austenite stabilization, thus rendering sub- ation to structures other than martensite. The
zero treatment less effective. On the other cooling rates which can be achieved in
hand, nickel and manganese in steels of the practice are limited by the size of the com-
same carbon content will reduce the ponent being treated and thus, although a
susceptibility to stabilization at room- given quench may fully harden a small bar of
temperatures, and thus promote the steel, it may not be rapid enough to ensure
effectiveness of ref'r igeration.v' full hardening in a larger bar of the same
material. The rate of cooling can be increased
The presence of appreciable amounts of by increasing the severity of the quench and.
retained austenite in a quenched structure in the absence of other considerations, the
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 65
most drastic quenching medium would always the case of carburized parts. Unfortunately,
be used, since this would ensure full the bainite incubation periods for most of the
hardening to the greatest depth. The steep low-alloy construction steels are too short in
temperature gradients associated with high the relevant temperature range to allow
rates of cooling, however, increase the dangers substantial equalization of temperature in any
of distortion and cracking and make it but the smallest sections. The transformation
advisable to use the slower but safer oil- characteristics of many of the higher-carbon
quenching or air-cooling whenever practicable. steels which might be expected to benefit
more from the treatment are, on the other
Examination of a selection of isothermal hand, eminently suitable for mar tempering.
transformation diagrams will show that with
some steels the pearlite reaction is more easily If the bainite incubation period is too short
avoided than the bainite reaction, whereas for mar tempering, two compromises are poss-
with other steels the reverse is true. By a ible: either to allow partial transformation to
suitable choice of composition it is usually bainite to occur at the mar tempering temper-
possible, however, to retard the pearlite ature and thereby derive the benefits of a
transformation sufficiently to avoid forma- mar tempering treatment with some sacrifice
tion of that structure when the steel is hard-
ened even in the largest sizes. Transformation of mechanical properties; or, alterna ti vel y, to
to bainite on the other hand, is less easily use an "interrupted quench." As previously
avoided and, unless highly alloyed steels are indicated, many isothermal transformation
used, the development of some of this struc- diagrams show a temperature range between
ture towards the center of medium-to-large the pearlite and the bainite reactions within
sections must be tolerated. Fortunately, the which austenite is relatively stable. By
presence of bainite, and particularly lower quenching to a temperature within this range,
bainite, affects mechanical properties to a holding long enough to allow equalization of
much smaller extent than does pearlite. temperature, and then oil- or air-cooling
through the martensite range, it is possible to
obtain some of the benefits of mar tempering
Special heat treatments for a steel which would be unsuitable for full
based on isothermal mar tempering.
transformation diagrams
It is frequently inconvenient to quench a
On the basis of isothermal transformation dia- component into a salt or molten bath at the
grams, a number of special heat treatments martempering temperature, and in these
have been evolved but these procedures, which circumstances, "time quenching" may be
are considered in this section, are not includ- adopted. For this treatment, the part is
ed in the provision made in current B.S. En quenched in oil, withdrawn when it reaches
specifications. the martempering temperature, and then
allowed to cool immediately in air. Time
Martempering consists of quenching from the quenching is less beneficial than marternper-
austenitizing temperature into a bath of ing but is much more readily applied under
molten metal, salt, or other suitable medium at production conditions and is of undoubted
a temperature just above the M, temperature value in reducing cracking and distortion.
of the steel, holding at that state for suf-
ficient time to allow equalization of temper- The oil-cooling curves of Fig. 16, 18 and 20
ature throughout the part and then cooling, should assist in determining the requisite
usually in air, to room temperature. By cool- quenching times for various sections. These
ing rapidly to just above the M, temperature, curves represent the cooling of infinitely long
transformation to pearlite is prevented, and cylindrical bars of a deep-hardening steel, and
during subsequent cooling to room temper- are unaffected by transformations for the
ature the martensite reaction occurs almost range of temperature shown. The quenching
simultaneously through the section, thereby conditions used in their determination are
minimizing internal stress, distortion and believed to be typical of those used in
quench cracking. practice for bars treated individually. The
cooling curves of bars quenched in bundles
If full hardening is to be developed, it is will, of course, be very different.
obviously essential that no transformation to
bainite should occur at the martempering A close approximation to the cooling curve
temperature and it therefore follows that the applicable to the centers of other simple
time required for thermal equalization should shapes such as rectangular bars, plates, cubes
not exceed the bainite incubation period at and spheres, when quenched in a given
this temperature. This applies particularly to medium is provided by the cooling curve for
66 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
--1--,
: .
-,-~.~",
, ! roo -1,00
i_~---i-:
.r
800 .~--
'00 - ·95
I ! i
7 5 0 - ; - --
1-- -. ;-l70 750 - ---: -- --4----i--·--i - - ·70
u 7 0 0 -~; -
• !
- -i -- j- -r --1-f' 100 '----;--H-_.; I \~-+--+-j
- ·85
- ... ~<
~
~ 650 -----,--- j
;
1
I'
~ --
1°'80
!-- ~~O'1O
1,1
I .. J': l:.
~
~ I i I I
-J., --1~· ;...:,-
- 0·75 ....
~ '00
j J
\' -;0," 600 -
- '10]
1
i
- 0-65 -ss
:::l~-"._-~.-- -,; -
550
6 DIAHETER.lnchu
:
!
-1°·60
I.. 1 ----'-'--''1 5 °°I--j---.......,.
Ii! I I
i -"'5
"SO ~---- --- - ~--W 450!-,~,--'-___,'--..J.....-'--'-___,'---'--'--'-'-.l..L1...l...1L--"
I 2·- 10 20 40 r 1 10 10 40 I 10 10
SECONDS MINUTES HOUR SECONDS
TIME
u~ where ~I: ~~~~e~::;~::u~:t()~tb~~~ Inllint. Fig. 17 Air-cooling curves for the axial position
T.J"Tempernure or Ihe cooltnl medium
of l-in. to 6-in. diameter bars
Fig. 16 Oil-cooling curves for the axial position austempering temperature after transform-
of l-in. to 6-in. diameter bars ation is usually not important, and depending
on the properties required, the steel mayor
the center of a cylindrical bar possessin~ the may not be subsequently tempered.
same ratio of volume-to-surface area. 0 A
selection of equivalent sections of bars and In view of what has been said of the
plates obtained by this method is given in the disadvantages of bainitic structures in steels
table below. The values were derived for of low- and medium-carbon content, it may
infinitely long round and rectangular bars, seem strange deliberately to promote their
and the plate length and breadth were also development. In certain circumstances how-
considered to be infinite. ever, and notably when the carbon content is
high, these structures do possess certain
APPROXIMATE EQUNALENT SECllONS OF
advantages. For example, Davenport, Roff and
WNG BARS AND LARGE PLATES Bain,61 have shown that better ductility is
developed by austempering high-carbon steels
Rectangular Bar
Round Bar Plale Volume--Surfacc to hardness values of the order of 50
Diameter
Thickness Breadth
Thickness Area
Rockwell C (approx, 520 D.P.N.) than by fully
inch inch
hardening and tempering to the same hardness
Incb
\ '"'"
\ \ O'S 0'2S value. Again, Bennek and Bandel 62 have
2 r-s 3 \ O'S shown that the creep properties of certain
3 2 6 \·S 0'7S bainite structures in the temperature range
4 2·S 10 2 \'0 400 to 500°C are superior to those of tempered
6 4 \2 3 \·S martensite.
I
I
o.60
0'55
of carbide to be preferred depends on the
nature of the forming operation to which the
450
,
_!_~
,L------'--_'---=----,-. -'-'--'-~--'--'-;- 10 '20 40 I part is to be subjected. For example, a
SECONDS HOWl. spheroidal structure is usually preferred to
cold-heading operations and for turning, but a
U: T - T2. where T,. Tempctllure of bar at an1 lnuanl,
~tl T._lnltl1llempcrature 01 bar, lamellar structure is often chosen for milling,
T2.;Tempcratufll or the (~Ung nu::hum
drilling and broaching.
Fig. 18 Oil-cooling curves for the mid-radius
position of 2-in. to ti-in. diameter bars ~ ! i -J.- oo
·i
=['I 1'1-I:::
BOT
BOOII----+---I--f--"'i
7Sy- .; iI 0-85::1
1 h~ll::1
750 - 0·90 ~ '°°1·- ,
~6so-1
u
~
70011----+-----1
"~ &50
- 0·85
- Q-SO
§J . . ~ . , -lO 70 .£o
I
- 0·75 I ";0'65
I I~"'o
>:
~ 600 ---+----f---+--:.-------t---j----j--\----,\--\ \-\\~t--;-..;0.70 HO, D'AMETER.":,,,
H0r---+--+--+----t--t---r--r--~ - 0-65
'00, - i -f ~o."
... 50~~1---5--lo-io 40' 1 '--;-----;c,O.,.--,~~~-40-~
'o0r---+--+--+----t--t---r--r-----\--\ SECONDS MINUTES
TIME
HOUR
----!,.---+----,!.---+.--------1A-+----,:-----{---'----,;;-'---';:.-'--'--',l...---';
450':'-,
SECONDS
10104011
MINUTES
Fig. 20 Oil-cooling curves for the "near-surface"
nME position of 2-in. to 6-in. diameter bars
Fig. 19 Air-cooling curves for the mid-radius
position of l-in. to ti-in. diameter bars The austenitizing temperature also markedly
influences the time required to effect
transformation to pearlite; low austenitizing
additional proeutectoid ferrite may separate temperatures favor more rapid rates of
before the annealing temperature is reached, transformation. Consequently, it is usually
thus promoting the development of a banded possible to reduce annealing times by using
structure and thereby impairing machin- lower austenitizing temperatures than those
ability. This effect is most likely to occur in employed for hardening. Data illustrating the
steels of low-carbon content such as are used influence of austenitizing temperature on
for carburizing. As in austempering, it is pearlite-reaction times for the alloy-rich steels
advisable to provide for variation of are presented with the relevant isothermal
transformation characteristics within anyone transformation diagrams. The effects observed
batch of steel by allowing double or treble the are due partly to the smaller grain size
transformation time indicated as necessary by developed at the lower austenitizing temper-
the isothermal diagram. In cooling from the atures and partly to the presence of
austenitizing temperature to the temperature undissolved carbides, which reduce the alloy
selected for isothermal annealing, it is often content of the austenite and serve as nuclei
convenient to transfer samples from one for transformation.
furnace to another; the air-cooling curves in
Fig. 17, 19 and 21 provide an indication of
the temperature drop which will occur during In selecting the transformation temperature
the transfer and the length of time available for isothermal annealing, a compromise is
for the operation. often necessary. Temperatures just below the
68 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
arises from the apparent complexity of the oil-quenched cylindrical bars; a typical cor-
interrelationships between the nucleation relation is shown in Fig. 27.
processes at various temperatures. Several
investigators have endeavored to resolve this The method used in determining the contin-
problem,59,60,61 but a satisfactory solution has uous cooling transformation diagrams present-
yet to be found. Calculation of the progress of ed here provides transformation data for
transformation during continuous cooling, various positions in oil-quenched cylindrical
using isothermal transformation data, is also bars of infinite length, varying in diameter
difficult for various reasons. Firstly, it is from I in. to 6 in. This size range covers the
uncertain to what extent transformation pro- maximum ruling sections quoted in the British
ducts formed at one temperature nucleate Standards Institution's Schedule of Wrought
transformations at lower temperatures. Steels (B.S. 970, 1955). Since full details of the
Secondly, partial transformation in one tem- method used have been described elsewhere'f
perature range may modify the composition of only the broad outline of the procedure is
the untransformed austenite and thus alter its given here.
transformation behavior at lower temper-
atures. For example, separation of pro- In view of the obvious practical difficulties
eutectoid ferrite in the pearlite range will involved in recording transformations which
increase the carbon content of the untrans- occur in bars quenched directly in oil, the
formed austenite and this enriched austenite cooling rates characteristic of oil-quenched
will as a consequence transform more bars were obtained by air-cooling smaller bars
reluctantly in the bainite range and will have of appropriate sizes. Steven and Mayer 49 have
a lower M, temperature than austenite of the shown that the diameter of an oil quenched
original composition. Thirdly, the heat liber- bar and the equivalent size of bar which cools
ated during transformation retards cooling, in air at the same rate over the temperature
often with marked effects on the progress of range of 700 to 300°C are connected by the
transformation. It is extremely difficult to following equation:
take the heat of transformation into account
when deriving continuous cooling transform- Log 0 A = 1·59 log Do + log b
ation data from isothermal diagrams and the where 0 A = Diameter of air-cooled bar
various methods of calculation which have Do = Diameter of oil-quenched bar
hitherto been proposed have ignored this b = 0·052. 0·045 and 0·036 (where DA and Do are in inches)
factor. for cooling at the axis. mid-radius and a near-surface position.
respectively. of the oil-quenched bar. Where DA and Do
are in millimetres, corresponding values for b are 0·0077.
The limitations of isothermal diagrams for ap- 0·0067 and 0·0053.
plication to continuous cooling conditions
have stimulated efforts to develop diagrams The transformations occurring in the air-
which would portray the progress of trans- cooled bars were in general followed
formation under such conditions. The major dilatometrically; a view of the apparatus
difference between the methods used to deter- employed is shown in Fig. 22. For the smallest
mine the two types of diagram is that in bar size studied however (0.9-in. diameter bars
isothermal studies the progress of transform- quenched in oil) information on transform-
ation with time is measured for a series of ation characteristics was obtained by a
constant temperatures, whereas for continuous microscopical method. This method also
cooling condi tions the progress of transform- involved simulating oil-cooling by air-cooling,
ation with falling temperature is measured for but cooling was interrupted at various
a series of cooling cycles. temperatures by quenching in water, and the
progress of transformation with temperature
was derived from a microscopical study of the
Determination and presentation quenched samples. A typical series of
of continuous cooling microstructures showing the progress of
transformation diagrams transformation in a B.S. En 12 steel cooled at
the rate of a 0.9-in. diameter oil-quenched bar,
Various methods of determining and present- is reproduced in Fig. 23.
ing continuous cooling transformation data
have been described in the literature. Some of Continuous cooling transformation diagrams
these have employed purely arbitrary cooling for each of the steels dealt with in this article
rates, but others have used the range of are presented with the isothermal transform-
cooling rates along the length of a Jominy ation diagrams, but it will be convenient to
end-quench hardenability test-piece. The cool- discuss the general characteristics of
ing rates obtained by the end-quench test- continuous cooling diagrams as typified by
piece method can be correlated with those of the one for the B.S. En 111 steel (see Fig. 24).
Next Page
As in isothermal transformation diagrams, the oil-quenched bar of the B.S. En III steel (Fig.
ordinate scale of the diagram shown in Fig. 24 24) would transform is indicated by drawing
represents temperature, the abscissa scale an ordinate from the 3-in. position on the
represents oil-quenched bar diameter, and the upper scale representing bar diameter, and
diagram shows the temperatures at which reading the temperatures at which this
transforma tion starts and reaches various ordinate intersects the lines of the diagram
stages of completion (10, 50, 90 and 100%) which depict progress of transformation. Thus,
when lvin. to 6-in. diameter bars are oil-
quenched from the austenitizing temperature.
It will be noted that there are three scales
along the bottom of the diagram. The top
scale should be used to assess the progress of
transformation at the axes of oil-quenched
bars (rib = 0, where r = distance from axis of
bar, and b = radius of bar); the second and
third scales are for use in assessing the
progress of transformation at the mid-radius
(r Ib = 0.5) and "near-surface" (rib = 0.8) bar
positions.
The temperature range within which the a S40~C.
x 850 b 500'C. X850
material at the axis of, say, a 3-in. diameter
cooling rates to justify the application of the In the size range in which ferrite/pearlite
method to these lower temperatures. structures are the first to separate during
cooling, the temperature for the start-of-
The structures which can be expected in the transformation usually decreases gradually
as-quenched bars are indicated beneath each with decreasing bar diameter, but when
diagram, e.g., in the diagram for the B.S. En bainite is the first constituent to form there is
111 steel it is shown that with increasing bar often a range of bar sizes in which the
diameter, the resulting structures consist of temperature for the start-of-transformation
martensite, martensite + bainite, ferrite + remains constant, or falls less rapidly. Thus,
pearlite + bainite, and ferrite + pearlite. No the minimum diameter for pearlite formation
attempt is made to indicate the proportions of is often indicated by an inflection in the
the various constituents when two or more are curve representing the start-of-transf'ormation;
present in the as-quenched bars, but a useful in the continuous cooling transformation
guide in this respect is provided by the curves diagram for the B.S. En 111 steel this is shown
of the diagram showing percen tages of at the 2.25-in. diameter position. For bars
transformation. In general, transformation at smaller than 2.25-in. diameter, the product of
temperatures above 550°C may be accepted as transformation in this steel is therefore either
giving ferrite and pearlite structures, whereas wholly bainitic, or martensiric, or contains a
between this temperature and the M, proportion of each of these constituents. The
temperature bainite is formed. critical diameter below which it is possible to
obtain full hardening by oil-quenching is not
shown precisely in the continuous cooling
The as-quenched hardness values to be transformation diagram of the B.S. En 111
expected in the oil-quenched bars are also steel, since it is less than the smallest diameter
shown with each continuous cooling trans- which could be tested, but the trend of the
formation diagram. These values were start-of-transf'ormation line suggests that it is
obtained on the equivalent air-cooled test- a bou t 0.8-in.
pieces.
A 2-in. diameter oil-quenched bar of this steel
starts to transform at 500°C, and at 485°C 50%
General features of of the transformation to bainite is complete.
continuous cooling This high-temperature bainite is of lower
transformation diagrams carbon content than the austenite from which
it is formed, consequently the remaining aus-
The continuous cooling transformation dia- tenite becomes enriched in carbon and the M,
gram for the B.S. En 111 steel shown in Fig.
24 illustrates the various features of trans- '00 r----~----___,__------,------.------.-----,
e
formation which are encountered in diagrams
of this type. Transformation of the austenite
at the axes of oil-quenched bars more than .00
4.25-in. diameter results in the formation of
ferrite and pearlite. The transformation
occurs in a fairly narrow range of temper- t~ SOO
ature, for example, at the axis of a 5-in. ~
~ 1?0-~ ~.~Z!3~.~
pearlite gradually gives way to formation of l!'J 2!S \'
temperature of the steel is depressed. At small Each diagram is based on a study of samples
diameters, the bainite is formed at lower taken from a single cast of steel. Other casts
temperatures and its carbon content approach- of the same type of steel may, because of
es that of the initial austenite. With decreas- their different carbon and alloy content,
ing bar size, the Me temperature is therefore differ substantially in their transformation
gradually restored to the normal value for the characteristics, while still conforming to all
steel. This feature is not shown by every steel, requirements of the specification. Particularly
however, since the amount of low-carbon wide variations are to be expected from low-
bainite formed is often insufficient to in- alloy steels likely to contain variable amounts
crease significantly the carbon content of the of residual alloying elements.
remaining austenite.
It should also be remembered that the small
Many of the deeper-hardening steels, when samples used for determining transformation
oil-quenched as I-in. to 6-in. diameter bars, do diagrams may not be completely represent-
not transform to ferrite/pearlite structures, ative of the cast as a whole. Other parts of
and the continuous cooling diagrams of these the cast may yield significantly different
steels merely show a zone of bainite trans- results. Furthermore, there may be variations
formation. Typical examples are provided by across the section of individual bars or
the diagrams presented for the B.S. En 23, 24, forgings 67, some zones of which will usually
25, 26, 100 and 110 steels. transform more readily and others less readily
than the diagram would suggest. Such
differences are at a maximum in castings and
The transformation data given by the are believed to be progressively reduced by
continuous cooling diagrams for quenched forging and rolling. At best, the diagram can
bars provide a useful indication of the show no more than the average transformation
suitability of a steel for applications in which characteristics of the cast.
specific mechanical properties after tempering
are required. In the low Ni-Cr steel B.S. En The transformation diagrams of many steels
111 (Fig. 24), bars up to a diameter of about are not appreciably affected by quite wide
0.75-in. would be fully hardened by oil- variations of austenitizing time and temper-
quenching, and after lightly tempering a ature, but if the steel contains appreciable
satisfactory combination of tensile and impact amounts of strong carbide-forming elements
properties should be obtained at high tensile the effect may be significant. Raising the
strengths. Slightly larger bars containing a austenitizing temperature of such a steel
proportion of bainite could be tempered to causes progressive solution of alloy carbide
somewhat lower strengths and would have and alters the composition of the austenite,
impact-resistance adequate for most purposes. which in turn affects the transformation
However, as the bar size increases beyond the characteristics of the steel at subcritical temp-
critical diameter for full hardening by oil- eratures. Similarly, varying the austenitizing
quenching, the proportion of bainite in this time at a given temperature may modify the
steel increases rapidly, and even with transformation characteristics, although the
relatively small sections it is unlikely that magnitude of this effect is appreciably less.
sufficiently close control of heat treatment
could be maintained to secure consistent
properties at relatively high tensile strengths. Subject to these limitations, isothermal and
Tempering to intermediate strength levels is continuous cooling transformation diagrams
therefore advisable for all bar sizes up to can be of great assistance in controlling the
about I-lIs-in. diameter. Bars between I-lIs-in. heat treatment of alloy steels. The isothermal
and 4-in. diameter should be tempered to still transformation diagrams presented in this sec-
lower tensile levels to secure satisfactory tion portray the fundamental transformation
impact-resistance, and those of more than characteristics on which the behavior of the
about 4-in. diameter would be suitable only steels during heat treatment largely depends
for relatively low-strength applications. and they are of direct value in the application
of special heat treatments based on this type
of diagram. The continuous cooling transform-
ation diagrams are of particular value for
Limitations of directly assessing the transformation behavior
transformation diagrams of simple shapes quenched in oil; they obviate
the need for use of continuous cooling
Certain limitations inherent in both isotherm- transformation data of uncertain value de-
al and continuous cooling transformation dia- rived by calculation from isothermal
grams should be borne constantly in mind. diagrams.
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 73
u~
several different sized bars of each of these 7CO
l"dla.
steels are quenched under identical conditions,
transversely sectioned, and tested for hardness Z
~600 4~
from the surface to the axis. If the hardness ::l
of each bar is then plotted in the form of a Z
0
from the axial or mid-radial positions of ation of the effects of alloying elements on
round bars. Thus. each ruling section dictates isothermal transformation characteristics. In a
the minimum hardenability of the steel if the steel hardened to a 50% martensitic structure.
specified mechanical properties are to be the remainder of the as-quenched structure
obtained. will in some cases consist of pearlite. in others
it will consist of bainite. and in still other
cases both pearlite and bainite transform-
Influence of chemical ations may precede the formation of marten-
composition on hardenability site. As already mentioned. the alloying
elements vary in the extent to which they
All the common alloying elements including affect rates of transformation in the pearlite
manganese. copper. nickel. chromium and and bainite ranges. For example. molybdenum
molybdenum increase hardenability; cobalt has and chromium markedly retard the pearlite
the reverse effect. 16 Addition of carbon up to reaction. but have a much less potent effect
at least the eutectoid content. improves on the bainite reaction; thus an addition of
hardenability and the small percentages of molybdenum to a steel will have a marked
silicon and phosphorus usually present in steel effect on hardenability if this is limited by
also exert a positive effect. Sulfur. on the the formation of pearlite. but the same
other hand. by combining with manganese to addition to a steel. the hardenability of which
form sulfide. reduces the alloy content of the is limited by the formation of bainite. will
austenite and impairs hardenability. The have a much smaller effect. Failure must,
presence of about 0.003% boron markedly therefore, attend any method of calculation
enhances hardenability but further increase of which assumes. as does the Grossmann method,
boron has no addition effect and may impair that a given addition of an element will
forgeability. always have the same effect on hardenability.
As would be expected. austenitic grain size From considerations such as the above,
also exerts an influence on hardenability: Hollomon and Jaffe decided that the harden-
hardenability is increased by increase of grain ability of a steel should be assessed by two
size. factors--pearlitic hardenability and bainitic
hardenability--the former value representing
In 1942 Grossmann'f proposed a method of the largest diameter that will harden without
calculating hardenability from chemical com- the formation of pearlite and the latter the
position and grain size. This involved allotting largest diameter that will harden without the
to the steel a basic hardenability or critical formation of bainite. The effective harden-
diameter (De) dependent on its carbon content ability of a steel is then the smaller of these
and grain size. and then multiplying this two values. These investigators decided that
value in turn by a series of factors to allow the bulk of Grossmann's multiplying factors
for the effect of each of the alloying elements had been determined under such conditions
present. Thus Di, the critical diameter of an that they probably applied to pearlitic
ideal quench. was obtained from an equation hardenability. In deriving multiplying factors
of the following type: they assume that changes in the percentages
of carbon, manganese. nickel, copper and
silicon will produce the same changes in
Di = Dc X A(% Mn) X B(% Si) X C(% Ni). etc. bainitic as they do in pearlitic hardenability,
that changes in molybdenum and grain size
where A. B. C. etc. were multiplying factors ha ve negligible effects on bainitic harden-
which were claimed to be characteristic of the ability, and that chromium has only half the
effects of the elements on hardenability. effect on bainitic that it has on pearlitic
hardenability. These assumptions are, at the
most, no better than rough approximations.
The critical diameters obtained by Grossmann but the information required to assess more
were related to as-quenched structures con- accurately the effects of alloying elements on
taining 50% of martensite and no stipula tion bainitic hardenability is not yet available.
was made regarding the nature of other
products of transformation which might be
present. It soon became apparent that although This concept of pearlitic and bainitic harden-
the method was fairly successful when applied ability is an important contribution to the
to low-alloy steel. it was unreliable when understanding of the subject. but even this
applied to steels of higher alloy content. As modified approach will not provide a reliable
Hollomon and Jaffe 70 have pointed out. the calculation of hardenability from chemical
reason for this is apparent from a consider- composition.
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 75
Measurement of ',l..------------------,
hardenability
~:-~
CURVE X
~
~
CURVE Y
is a tedious and time-consuming method and
involves the use of large quantities of r»
material, a feature which is often incon-
venient, particularly during the development
stages of a steel. Continuous cooling trans-
formation diagrams provide an assessment of
hardenability, but the end-quench test by Fig. 26 Examples of end-quench curves for
Jominy/! has been used most widely for this steels of high and medium hardenability
purpose.
the structures along the end-quenched test
specimen. Other criteria which have been used
The Jominy end-quench test involves austen- include the distance to some selected hardness
itizing a test bar 4-in. long by l-In, diameter, level, or to the inflection point of the curve.
and then quenching it under standard con- Each of these criteria has a field of
ditions by a water jet which impinges on one usefulness in correlating the influence of the
end only of the specimen. The sample conse- variables controlling hardenability.
quently cools very rapidly at the quenched
end and progressively less rapidly towards the
opposite end. The hardness of the end- Application of end-quench
quenched bar is determined at closely spaced hardenability curves
intervals along its length, at a standard depth
below the surface, and these values are plotted During the period shortly after the intro-
against the distance from the quenched end to duction of the Jominy end-quench test it was
give end-quench hardenability of Jominy widely claimed 72 ,73 that the curves so obtained
curves of the type shown in Fig. 26. could be used to forecast the hardness of dif-
ferent points across the section of quenched
A deep-hardening steel will give an almost bars. The method recommended involved a
horizontal end-quench curve, similar to curve knowledge of the cooling rates developed
"X," which indicates that the steel will along the length of the Jominy test specimen
develop substantially martensitic structures during end-quenching, and of the cooling
when cooled at any rate within the range rates of quenched bars, and it was assumed
covered by the end-quench test. A steel of that the quenched bar would develop the same
medium hardenability, however, will give a hardness as that developed at that point on
curve similar to curve "Y," which shows that the Jominy test specimen which cooled at the
within the range of cooling rates developed same rate. However, neither the cooling curve
over the first 0.2 in. of the test specimen the of the end-quenched specimen nor of the
steel will develop substantially martensitic quenched bar is linear, and consequently a
structures, but over the range of cooling rates variety of cooling-rate criteria are possible;
developed within 0.2 to 0.4 in. from the two that have been widely used are the rate
quenched end of the specimen it will harden of cooling at 704°C (1300 0F) and the "half-
only partially. When cooled at slower rates temperature-time," i.e., the time taken to cool
such a steel will transform wholly to soft to the arithmetical mean of the austenitizing
transformation products. temperature and the temperature of the
quenching medium. Steven and Mayer 49 have
Clearly the position of the steep part of the demonstrated that the cooling rate over the
end-quench curve provides an index of temperature interval 700 to 500°C is a more
hardenability, and simple comparisons on this satisfactory criterion.
basis are adequate for most purposes. For
more detailed comparisons, however, a number The work of the Hardenability Sub-Commit-
of particular points on the Jominy curve have tee 74 showed that the hardness of quenched
been used; these include the position at which bars could not be calculated with accuracy
the steel develops 50% martensite, or the from end-quench hardenability curves, and
distance over which the steel develops a fully demonstrated that the discrepancies between
martensitic structure. Both of these must be values calculated from these curves and those
determined by microscopical examination of actually developed are due mainly to trans-
76 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
, 0 s
"
--_._~~-
"'I
10 as 10 as
" The end-quench test can be used also to
- It indicate the hardness to be expected in
quenched and tempered bars. For this purpose,
Y .. =005 the specimen is end-quenched in the normal
>:
" manner and then uniformly tempered before
~
hardness testing. The. hardness of a quenched
0
J
and tempered steel bar should then be the
r
same as the hardness at the equivalent Jominy
~ ;
. ~ distance indicated by Fig. 27. The error in
r•
0
Fig. 27 Equivalent Jominy distances for the axis The end-quenched specimens were subsequent-
(r /b = 0), mid-radius (r /b = 0.5), and "near- ly tempered at several temperatures to provide
surface" positions (r /b = 0.8) of oil-quenched an indication of the hardness values to be
bars expected from each steel when quenched and
tempered.
verse and longitudinal variations of harden-
ability within steel billets of normal commer-
cial quali ty. 76 The standard I-in. diameter Limitations of end-quench
end-quench test piece is usually machined hardenability curves
from I-lis-in. diameter hot-rolled bar, and the
hardness measurements along the length of the An end-quench hardenability curve suffers
bar reflect the hardening response only of the from disadvantages similar to those outlined
material near the surface of the bar. End- for transformation diagrams, i.e., the test data
quench hardenability curves should therefore provided by a single test do not indicate the
be used only semi-quantitatively to forecast variations which may be encountered in
the behavior of quenched bars. For example, a different steels conforming to a given
Jominy curve can be used to decide whether a specification. Due to the effects of micro- and
bar of given size is likely to harden fully, to macro-segregation, appreciable differences in
harden partially, or to transform completely hardenability can also exist between different
to soft transformation products when quench- samples of the same cast of steel. As
ed in oil. For this purpose, the relationshipt? mentioned previously, the standard end-
between end-quench hardenability curves and quench test provides hardenability data for
oil-quenched bars shown in Fig. 27 should be the material at the surface of a I-in. diameter
satisfactory. Curve "Y" of Fig. 26 will serve to test piece, and when this test piece has been
illustrate the use of the relationship. The machined from I-lis-in. diameter rolled bar
equivalent Jominy distances for the axes of the information obtained can often be
oil-quenched 0.5-in., I-in., and 2-in. diameter misleading if steel with transverse harden-
bars are, respectively, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.62-in. ability variations is used. These limitations
These distances correspond to the top portion, can be particularly important if the steel is to
the mid-slope and the lower flat of the be used in a lightly tempered condition after
Jominy curve. Thus, the 0.5-in. diameter oil- quenching, because in sections of critical size
quenched bar may be expected to harden small variations in hardenability can cause
fully, but the l-In, diameter bar will only significan t differences in the degree of
partially harden, and the 2-in. diameter bar hardening. A single end-quench test will,
will fail completely to harden at the axis. however, indicate the bar size range which
may be critical in this respect, should trans-
verse hardenability variations be suspected.
The relationship shown in Fig. 27 is based on
equality of cooling rates over the range 700 to Providing its limitations are recognized, the
500°C, between the cooling curves of an end- end-quench test provides a simple means of
quench test specimen, as reported by Russell assessing the hardenability of a steel and it is
and Williamson,76 and the cooling curves of particularly useful because it can be applied
oil-quenched bars as reported by Steven and for controlling the heat treatment of steels
Mayer. 49 under production conditions.
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 77
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46. B.L. Averbach, S.G. Lorris, M. Cohen,
"Stress-Induced Transformation of 58. W.!. Pumphrey, F.W. Jones, "Inter-
Retained Austenite in Hardened Steel," Relation of Hardenability and
Trans. ASM, 1952, vol 44, pp 746-756 Isothermal Transformation Data," Jnl.
Iron and Steel Inst.; 1948, vol 159, pp
47. O. Zmeskal, M. Cohen, "The Tempering 137-144
of Two High-Carbon High-Chromium
Steels," Trans. ASM, 1943, vol 31, pp 59. J.H. Hollomon, L.D. Jaffe, M.R. Norton,
380-408 "Anisothermal Decomposition of
Austenite," Trans. AIME, 1946, vol 167,
48. J.A. Cameron, "Bainitic Retained pp 419-439
Austenite," Jnl. Iron and Steel Inst.,
1956, vol 183, pp 260-267 60. L.D. Jaffe, "Anisothermal Formation of
Bainite and Pro-eutectoid Constituents
49. W. Steven, G. Mayer, "A Method of in Steels," Trans. AIME, 1948, vol 176,
Simulating the Oil-Cooling of Steel pp 363-376
Bars," Jnl. Iron and Steel Inst., 1951, vol
169, pp 370-376 61. P.T. Moore, "Anisothermal Deposition
of Austenite in a Medium-Alloy Steel,"
50. RJ. French, O.Z. Klopsch, "The Jnl. Iron and Steel Inst., 1954, vol 177,
Characteristics of Some Quenching pp 305-311
Curves," U.S. Bureau 01 Standards
Technical Publication No. 313, 1926 62. C.A. Liedholm, "Continuous Cooling
Transformation Diagrams from
51. E.S. Davenport, E.L. Roff, E.C. Bain, Modified End-Quench Method," Metal
"Microscopic Cracks in Hardened Steel, Progress, January 1944, vol 45, pp 94-99
Their Effects and Elimination," Trans.
ASM, 1934, vol 22, pp 289-310 63. A.W. McReynolds, "Electrical Obser-
vations of the Austenite-Martensite
52. H. Bennek, G. Bandel, "The Influence Transformation in Steel," Jnl. Applied
of Genesis of Crystalline Structure Physics, 1946, vol 17, pp 823-833
Resulting from Heat-Treatment and
Alloy Content on the Creep Strength of 64. A. Rose, W. Strassburg, "The Appli-
Steel," Stahl und Eisen, 1943, vol 63, pp cation of TTT Continuous Cooling
653-700 Diagrams to Heat-Treatment Problems,"
Arch. f.d, Eisenhuttenwesen, 1953, vol 24,
53. G.R. Brophy, "Cycle Annealing of pp 505-514
Hypo-eutectoid Steels," Iron Age, 13
December 1945, vol 156, pp 69-71 65. R.D. Chapman, W.E. Jominy, "A Method
for Determining the Continuous
54. E. Scheil, "Initiatory Period of the Cooting Transformations in Steel,"
Austenite Transformation," Arch. f.d, Trans. ASM, 1955, vol 47, pp 869-883
Eisenhuttenwesen, 1935, vol 8, pp
565-567 66. W. Steven, G. Mayer, "Continuous
Cooling Transformation Diagrams of
55. S. Steinberg, "Relationship between Steels," Jnl. Iron and Steel Inst., 1953,
Rate of Cooling, Rate of Transform- vol 174, pp 33-45
ation, Under-Cooling of Austenite and
Critical Rate of Quenching," Metallurg.,
1938, vol 13, no 1, pp 7-12
Next Page
67. E.H. Bucknall, "A Note on the Effect of 77. K.H. Jack, "Structural Transformations
the Location of the Test-Piece on the in the Tempering of High-Carbon
Jominy Hardenability of Billets," Steels," Jnl. Iron and Steel Inst., 1951,
Symposium on the Hardenability of Steel, vol 169, pp 26-36
Iron and Steel Institute. Special Report
No. 36, 1946, pp 120-131 78. C.S. Roberts, RL. Averbach, M. Cohen,
"The Mechanism and Kinetics of the
68. M.A. Grossmann, M. Asimow, S.F. First Stage of Tempering," Trans. ASM,
Urban, "Hardenability, its Relation to 1953, vol 45, pp 576-599
Quenching and Some Quantitative
Data," Symposium on Hardenability of 79. D.P. Antia, S.G. Fletcher, M. Cohen,
Alloy Steels, ASM, 1938, pp 124-190 "Structural Changes During the
Tempering of High-Carbon Steel,"
69. M.A. Grossmann, "Hardenability Trans. ASM, 1944, vol 32, pp 290-324
Calculated from Chemical
Composition," Trans. AIME, 1942, vol 80. RS. Lement, B.L. Averbach, M. Cohen,
150, p 227 "Microstructural Changes on Tempering
Iron-Carbon Alloys," Trans. ASM, 1954,
70. J.H. Hollomon, L.D. Jaffe, "Harden- vol 46, pp 851-877
ability Concept," Trans. AIME, 1946, vol
167, pp 601-612 81. A.G. Allten, P. Payson, "The Effect of
Silicon on the Tempering of Marten-
71. W.E. Jominy, A.L. Boegehold, "A site," Trans. ASM, 1953, vol 45, pp
HardenabiIity Test for Carburizing 498-525
Steel," Trans. ASM, 1938, vol 26, pp
574-599 82. W. Crafts, C.M. Offenhauer, "Carbides
in Low-Chromium Steel," Trans. AIME,
72. W.E. Jominy, "Hardenability Tests," 1942, vol 150, pp 275-282
Symposium on Hardenability of Alloy
Steels, ASM, 1938, pp 66-87 83. W. Crafts, C.M. Offenhauer, "Carbides
in Low Chromium-Molybdenum Steels,"
73. M. Asimow, W.F. Craig, MA. Trans. AIME, 1943, vol 154, pp 361-372
Grossmann, "Correlation between
Jominy Test and Quenched Round 84. T. Lyman, A.R. Troiano, "Influence of
Bars," S.A.E. Journal, July 1941, vol 49, Carbon Content upon the Transform-
p 283 ations in 3% Chromium Steel," Trans.
ASM, 1946, vol 37, pp 402-444
74. Symposium on the Hardenability of Steel.
Iron and Steel Institute, Special Report 85. K. Kuo, "Carbides in Chromium,
No. 36, 1946 Molybdenum and Tungsten Steels," Jnl.
Iron and Steel Inst., 1953, vol 173, pp
75. H. Allsop, W. Steven, "A Study of the 363-375
Relationship between End-Quench
Hardenability Curves and the Hardness 86. W.P. Rees, RE. Hopkins, H.R. Tipler,
of Bars Quenched in Oil," Symposium "Tensile and Impact Properties of Iron-
on the Hardenability of Steel, Iron and Silicon, Iron-Nickel, Iron-Chromium
Steel Institute, Special Report No. 36, and Iron-Molybdenum Alloys of High
1946, pp 199-252 Purity," Jnl. Iron and Steel Inst., 1954,
vol 177, pp 93-110
76. T.F. Russell, J.C. Williamson, "Surface
Temperature Measurements During the
Cooling of a Jominy Test-Piece,"
Symposium on the Hardenability of Steel,
Iron and Steel Institute. Special Report
No. 36, 1946, pp 34-46
Previous Page
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 83
I -1 - ,- ,
Mn 5 P No C, Mo
... ....
({.l t\
-T=
~T._ fU"C
Min.
Max.
I
0·30 0·10
0·45 : 0·35 1·50 O·OS 10·05 !
0·60
1-130' - -
Sleel Studied 0'341 0·20 11'06 i 0'04 '0'037, 0·75 0'08/0'02 l:l
~
J "'~_4
GRAIN SIZE:-As·Quenched Grain Size. 7 & 8 (A.S.T.M.) ~ ."
:
~ I
McQuald·Ehn Grain Size, 3 (..... S.T.M.)
Tu-f'Oto4U
)(1)+ n~
l:l I
~
.T~.t
M
_ _.J
H H
o
o
~r, ,I
0
0
~
J:)
sOO'
f~----;
I
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~
rill
..
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rill
400!
,
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I
I H,
I DIAMETER OF OIL-
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NE.U-5U"""'CE~_~:~_'_-;-~ __-7__-:-__ ~~_~_
1! ~ _~ I
, 10 10 40 I
....
Specification:
• I ....~¥... d
Min. ~
h.·IIL'_
51«1 Studied ~ :
~
METHOD OF MANUFACIURE:-Basic Electric Arc
GRAIN SIZE:-As-Quenched Grain Size,S (A.S.T.M.)
McQuaid·Ehn Grain Size. 5 & 6 (A.S.T.M.)
=..,'I
~
Q XOI
T""'f'UriIlS1S'C
T..,.....IIC4U"C
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Isothermal Transformation Diagram =IGOL _
I I ":"~IT_"'""'86O"C
01 IH
~~--JF~~·
I' ,
k j i ; ! j
'-t--~----'---T' Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram
I I , ! i
700," ~ _ _. _ . ---~._ ,
'OO lJDDIII
A....Uti ... ,T~"' .... ll6O"C
",
00. o
o
c
o 100
~
i:)
a'"
~
I
-~
. . ,H.
100 1
JOO J
~ I
i+- H
DIAMETER OF OIL-
•
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t'.JD..1.ADIUi~_____
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AS QUENCHED HARDNESS VALUES D.P.N.
"
no no no
... • 10 S 10101
=
Isothermal Transformation Diagram
~:L..~~~...
DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED END OF BAR
"'-
Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram
,••f-+---+-l-f-H-f-
to) 100
o
o
o
I-
I
II
+--".
_H. DIAMETER OF OIL-
~
QUENCHED BAR, inch
...,.,~. ---,_.:.....--,-----;;---;---.;------!
....,..",..~I--+--+---+_--7_-~l------1
NEAA-SUU...CE~I--:--_+--+_-_+--+_-_+--+_
... ~hIIOoII . • _. 41
AS QUENCHED HARDNESS VALUES D.P.N.
n-5or50 ......................... Ioooor S·lS
boIo1T............. ....... 14
.... un-. DI'N 110
""'"" ""
DURATION Of ISOTHERMAL TREATMENT
1.5% Ni-Cr-Mo Steel (B.S. En 24) 1.5% Ni-Cr-Mo Steel (B.S. En 24)
Chemical Composition, %
Specification:
Min.
Max.
Steel Studied
o
o
~. soo ----------: """'.
~ !
~
.mO'N
E-t JOO
DIAMETER OF OIL-
". ~-". QUENCHED BAR. inch
"""~.---,-----
HH>-MDM!-:_ _--! :---- --:-_ _-"-_ _----; ~-
J 10 20 co I 10201
2.5% Ni-Cr-Mo - Medium Carbon Steel 2.5% Ni-Cr-Mo - Medium Carbon Steel
(B.S. En 25) (B.S. En 25)
-;--.
c
o
c
o
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OOOPN
1
ICO" T_ _......
Jot ~.
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•
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""
DURATION or ISOTHERMAL TREATMENT
2.5% Ni-Cr-Mo - High Carbon Steel 2.5% Ni-Cr-Mo - High Carbon Steel
(B.S. En 26) (B.S. En 26)
'0.36'0.10
SI , Mn I S
0'5~T=----=-2-lO' 0'50l0:40
0·44 0'35' 0·70 0·05 '0'05 12'80,0'80 i 0·70
P NI Cr j Mo
~ :r~:~. .- -- . ·-~.-.~::...-.~:'.-.",~··i
~~! T_...,,_
Max.
II
Steel Studied 0·38 i °'151 0.561°'005 iO'01l12-42 : 0.741 0'46
METHOD OF MANUPACIURE:- Basic Electric Arc en c! T..,.,.dllsscrc
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Isothermal Transformation Diagram
~1 0'10"0.1101141-1
~ __ n. I
H
, I A~'I' T....~. es-c
'-'-'-'-'-'r-'-'-'
DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED END OF BAR
"'r'··-----r~---T~::
100 r -- -- - -- - - - - - ---- - -~-~-~-----~-- _ -~,
,•.""";T•...-. es-c I
10' I
I
I
'
~.,~ ... cP ... ! I
oo I I i -- =- I
=- J..
l:l _---:----,
i ~ ,I
se
a(~-J..," ~
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- H. DIAMETER OF OIL-
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~r.t04_ •••.••.••
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_t toooor
.,
1-15
AS QUENCHED HARDNESS VALUES D.P.N.
L-. _
'!"_"'-'-~~
............
bloIT.--._ -..
"'" n,
5 10 20 40 I 1 5 10 20 I
Chemical Composition, %
specmcauon: CiS. Mn'SIPIN'lc'IMoIV
Min.
Max.
0'2~To,,0
0'40
-' - I. - I I
)'00 0·15 I0'20j---=-
0')5.0'10,0'05 0'05 4'50 1·50 0'6S~--=-
Steel Studied 0')21 0·19 i 0·51 10'00910'013 I 3-02 11')1 I 0'481 0·18
METHOD OF MANUFACIURE:- Basic Electric Arc
GRATN SIZE:- As-Quenched Grain Size, 9 (A.S.T.M.)
McQuaid·Ehn Grain Size. 6 (A.S.T.ldol
" I I t
" . I
k, ;-~.-l-T-
I I
I "I
o
c
." 10101
T.......4M.U"C
4.25% Ni-Cr Steel (B.S. En 30A) 4.25% Ni-Cr-Mo Steel (B.S. En 30B)
Chemical Composition, %
~~.~j_s ___P_t~:~!~
Specification: srectncauon:
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
0·26
0·34
0'10
0,)5
0·40' - , - 13'90
0·60 0'05 0·05 4')0
\'\0
\·40
I
0'20
0'40
Steel Studied Steel Studied 0,)) 0'\1 0·51 0'0090'01314'16: \·«IQ.3J
MElHOD OF MANUFACTURE:- Basic Electric Arc METlfOD OF MANUFACTURE:- Basic Electric Arc
GRAIN 512£:- As-Quenched Grain Size. 9 (A.S.T.M.) GRAIN 512E:- As-Quenched Grain Size, 9 (".S.T.M.)
McQuaid·Ehn Grain Size, -410 5 (A.S.T.",.) McQuaid-Ehn Grain Size, -4 (0 5 (A.S.T.Id.)
' 'I
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I(
I
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DURATION Of ISOTHERMAL
10 20 40 I
TREATMEN~
- 2 5 10 10 40 I
Hardness values in bold figures are shown of the fully The values in italics represent structures developed by holding
transformed steel; the values in italics represent structures at the selected temperature for 24 hours and then quenching to
developed by holding at the selected temperatures for 24 hours room temperature
and then quenching to room temperature
~:-;;~h=~=""""================
_1 __ ~ _ ....~T.:-.:~~~
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! ~
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i
~ ..I
Low Alloy Steel (B.S. En 100) Low Alloy Steel (B.S. En 100)
Min.
Ma><.
0·3S
0·4S
- 1'20~- -
O·SO , I·S0 O·OS O·OS ! ?:~ :g:~ !g:1~ ~ &CD T~n~lllCO'C
_[~'T""~~_
I
1
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_ _ H.
I _ _ H.
DIAMETER OF OIL-
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SKOHOS tw«ITB nAT
Low Ni-Cr-Mo Steel (B.S. En 110) Low Ni-Cr-Mo Steel (B.S. En 110)
----------------
'OJI ..... _
"
...."' .......... T ~ ... we
Min. 0'35 0·10 0·40 - 1'20 0'90 0'10 T"'"'PUt<lnXJJ"C
:
Mex. 0'45 0·35 0·80 0·05 O-OS "60 1'40 0·20
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~
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r, ,~II45O"C
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~:
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Isothermal Transformation Diagram ~_.
c 1---
,
L
., -
l
''''_~Tlapenl''''16O''C
I
0
o
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e
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,
I -;~_---;~_---;~_~~_
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s 10 10 4'0 I 10101
o
o
e,
DIAMETER OF OIL-
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--';----+--1------7--+-------\,---,--
NEAMUJJACE\;-,o
): 10 20 iO I J S 10101
Min.
Max.
0·35 Q'IO 0·30 - - 1·50
0·45 0-35 0·60 0·05 0·05 2·00 -
- 0·20
0')5
-- ~
Sleel Studied 0·41 0,)) 0'-48 0·043 0·016 1·75 0'17 0·22 I:l
rn
GRAIN SIZE:- As-Ouenched Grain Size, 6 to 7 (A.S.T.M.)
McQuaid·Ehn Grain Size. 2 and 3 (A.S.T.M.) rn
~ . -~------t -'
I:l
Isothermal Transformation Diagram
~
" -
t) 600
o
DIAMETER OF OIL-
""""""'" QUENCHED BAR, inch
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tftD,MDlUSL--__ ---l. _ _ -------l. _ _ ---l , I I
o I , J 4 J ,
t1u.J..SU~ACEL____ l----------L.... _ _- ' - - - - - - - _ '_----'--~_____'__
o I ): ) 4 J • 7
5 10 20 40 I 102'1
5 "
=
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-
l500 =
-
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1.400
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-
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p...
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~ :::'::::'
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==
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-c--:
~~
300
'00
100
=
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--
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I---
I---
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~
~NSFORMATI~-
,...- I---
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%
300
• 00
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- ~ H
:r "~, 00
- f---i - I--- Q
o - oL........Jo 0
o 00
0
0
0 00 0
o
&
o
9 ss s o
~
LIVE GRAPH M
LIVE GRAPH TIME HELD IN CONSTANT TEMPERATURE BATH
FROM START OF QUENCH {SECONDS}
Click here to view Click here to view
100
N:.3 ' - - t:;;:
~
f=f" ~I--
I---
~-
I---
L500
000
"500
~"-'
I--- c--
I-- --- ~- I--- - I..00 1,<400
-
~
"""'-'
N:. 1---",-
:=r-- 1==;; ~ 1,300
t::~
I.300
~""
700
~
~~ ~- ..-
-""'--
F-='
I--- L'00 1,200
~
- f--
600
=~ = I---
I---
I.100 600 1.100
1
-- - '--
-- _..
-
- --
----
~~ =
-- E
I.ooo~
.0
~500
I,OO~LL.
- -" .
~
I---
e--
-
-
--
-
I---
I---
-
9 00 ~
•005~ ~
..
900 ~
800~
..
'"
~ rs: = -
f--
7 00
.
~
~ 400 s
700
"-
~
300
5
0= ~o 50~~00
TRANSFORMATION %
-
--
-
-
--
I--
.-
---
-c-- •00
300
RA SFO MA ION 'l'.
600
I--
t--
t--
-- -- --- 5 00 500
t-- - -
200
~ ~ ==
-
-
=
-
-
•00
3 00
200 .00
300
'00 I---
I---
- -
-- ,00 100
z 0
I--- :i 0
:r
-
- :r "~, 00
I--
- - 0
o - 00000000
-Nl')VlOOOO so o o
o
00
00 0
0 o
- N I") VI
g
- til 1"1 VI
9
LIVE GRAPH TIME HELD IN coNSTANT TEMPERATURE BATH
FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS) LIVE GRAPH
TIME HELD IN CONSTANT TEMPERATURE BATH
FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS)
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 56, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1956
96 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
'0 0 ~ ~
'00§Eml
1,600
~, ~
I--
I--
I--
I--
I--
I--
!=
I--
I--
§ soo
l 600
t=~ ~~ 1=1=
Ac
.00
1,500
.00 ~ l
l= l= l= I--
I-- I,400
Ac,
300
1.400
- ~ ~F
I--
~r. ~~
--
I--
700 1,300 700 Ac, I--
EFo ~1-
I.
~ F-
~200 E=: ~~ t=::=: ~." l .00
~~ I--
I-- I--
E
600 I-- 100
600 1.100
E I--
I--
I--
I-- "
.0
1,000
~
t= I--
I--
I--
- I--
I--
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~
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600
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-
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-
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f=
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300 - I-- I--
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200
00
0
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-
g~ ~
-
8 888 8 8 0 0 0 88 0 8
f- Q
-N" .. g~~~~H~~
00 0
- (If 1"1 11'1
En 11 (5060) En 18 (5150)
Composition: 0.69% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.17% Ni - Composition: 0.48% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.18% Ni -
0.66% Cr - 0.02% Mo Grain size: 8 Austenitized at 840°C 0.98% Cr - 0.04% Mo Grain size: 6-6 Austenitized at 860°C
(1644 0F) for 30 min (16800F) for 30 min
1O00
.oog 1O00
1,500 1,!I00
1.400 1.400
1.300 1,300
uoo ~200
.0 I,OO~II.
....500
900 ~ '00 II!
~...
:> ::>
"400
800$
.
... 8005
~
~
~ 700 ~ 700
600 600
300 Ms 300 Ms
SOO SOO
"
o 0 0
o
Qg~~88888S!8og 0
0 0
-NI"I1I'I9~~§~ g§. 0
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 66, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1966
Next Page
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 97
~ -~ .~
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LIVE GRAPH TIME HELD IN coNSTANT TEMPERATURE BATH
FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
En 16 (4032) En 17 (4037)
Composition: 0.33% C - 1.48% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.26% Ni - Composition: 0.38% C - 1.49% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.24% Ni -
0.16% Cr - 0.27% Mo Grain size: 7-8 Austenitized at 846°C 0.14% Cr - 0.41% Mo Grain size: 8 Austenitized at 846°C
(16530F) for 30 min (16630F) for 30 min
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= 0 f-fj.h I~ I-- 6 00
~
30 0 I---TIIANSFORMATION % I--- 300
I--- . TR ANS -~
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1=
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~ATION
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s 00
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I--- I-- I--- I---
~
I---
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~
300 I---
I---
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t=
I---
t= t=
3 00
t: I---
~~ s'"-
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S
:>
~
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i I--- ~ ~ i I--- ~~,
~ - - I---
I---
Q
~I 00 I---
- ~
I--- Q 00
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 66, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1966
Previous Page
98 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
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HELD IN CONSTANT TEMPERATURE BATH
START OF QUENCH (SECONDS)
Click here to view Click here to view
En 47 (6150) En 19 (4140)
Composition: 0.61% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.16% Ni - Composition: 0.41% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.20% Ni -
0.94% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.20% V Grain size: 7 Austenitized at 1.01% Cr - 0.23% Mo Grain size: >8 Austenitized at 860°C
875°C (1607 0F) for 30 min (1680 0F) for 30 min
.oo~ (600
'00§§il
l600
~200 uoo
600 1,100 600 1.100
I,OO~IL I,OO~II.
1
.0 .0
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~
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.
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..
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~
.
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l-
700 a
l-
"400
~ 700 ~
600 Ms 600
300 300
TRANSFORMATION - % .00 .00
TRANSFORMATION - ,..
1
.00 400 .00 400
300 300
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 66, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1966
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 99
En 20 En 20
Composition: 0.27% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.13% Si - 0.19% Ni - Composition: 0.41% C - 0.58% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.15% Ni -
0.74% Cr - 0.55% Mo Grain size: 8 Austenitized at 875°C 1.39% Cr - 0.74% Mo Grain size: 7-8 Austenitized at 870 0,C
(160~F) for 30 min (1598 0F) for 30 min
90 0
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En 40B En 13 (8717)
Composition: 0.26% C - 0.55% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.25% Ni - Composition: 0.19% C - 1.37% Mn - 0.14% Si - 0.56% Ni -
3.34% Cr - 0.54% Mo Grain size: 7-8 Austenitized at 900°C 0.20% Cr - 0.31% Mo Grain size: 6-8 Austenitized at 870°C
(1652 0F) for 30 min (1598 0F) for 30 min
900'~
1,600
c
1.300
700
1,200
oU I,OO~IL.
oU
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900 ~
..
~
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800~
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"
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a Ms
o
700 ~
~400
~
700
300 300
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 56, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1956
100 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
E
r=
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~
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TIMEFR~E~D&~~RiONJ;A~JEJE~Pf::l~~5s)8ATH
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SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 56, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1956
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 701
En 24 (4340) En 26 (4340)
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.20% Si - 1.58% Ni - Composition: 0.42% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.31% Si - 2.53% Ni -
0.95% Cr - 0.26% Mo Grain size: 6-8 Austenitized at 835°C 0.72% Cr - 0.48% Mo Grain size: 6-7 Austenitized at 830°C
.oog
(1535 0F) for 30 min
1.60Q
(1526°F) for 30 min
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100
En 100 (8640/8740) En 28
Composition: 0.40% C - 1.34% Mn - 0.21% Si - 1.03% Ni - Composition: 0.25% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.15% Si - 3.33% Ni -
0.53% Cr - 0.22% Mo Grain size: 6 Austenitized at 845°C 1.14% Cr - 0.65% Mo - 0.16% V Grain size: >8 Austenitized at
(1553 0F) for 30 min 830°C (1526 0F) for 30 min
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SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 56, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1956
102 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
100
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SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 66, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1966
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 703
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SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 56, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1966
Next Page
En 33 En 33
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.21% Si - 2.89% Ni - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.21% Si - 2.89% Ni -
0.28% Cr - 0.09% Mo Grain size: 8 Austenitized at 865 0C 0.28% Cr - 0.09% Mo Grain size: >8 Austenitized at 7700
(1589 0F) for 30 min C (1418 0F) for 30 min
-
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1% carbide present at austenitizing temperature
Carburized En 33 Carburized En 33
Composition: 0.95% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.26% Si - 2.95% Ni - Composition: 0.95% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.26% Si - 2.95% Ni -
0.36% Cr - 0.08% Mo Grain size: >8 Austenitized at 865 0 0.36% Cr - 0.08% Mo Grain size: >8 Austenitized at 770 0C
C (1589 0F) for 30 min (1418 0F) for 30 min
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Click here to view FROM START OF QUENCH (SECOND')
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 56, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1956
Previous Page
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 705
En 36 (9310) En 36 (9310)
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.38% Mn - 0.13% Si - 3.26% Ni - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.38% Mn - 0.13% Si - 3.26% Ni -
0.87% Cr - 0.08% Mo Grain size: >8 Austenitized at 860°C 0.87% Cr - 0.08% Mo Grain size: >8 Austenitized at 770°C
(1580 0F) for 30 min (1418 0F) for 30 min
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En 36 (9310) En 36 (9310)
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.19% Si - 3.55% Ni - Composition: 0.14% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.19% Si - 3.66% Ni -
1.11% Cr - 0.12% Mo Grain size: 6-7 Austenitized at 860°C 1.11% Cr - 0.12% Mo Grain size: >8 Austenitized at 770°C
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2 - 5% ferrite present at austenitizing temperature
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 56, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1966
106 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
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Click here to view FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS) Click here to view
1 - 2% carbide present at austenitizing temperature 1 - 2% carbide present at austenitizing temperature
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 56, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1956
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 707
l 500
900 ,.....-
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00
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s ~
Click here to view Click here to view FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS'
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 56, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1956
708 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
§ I--
I--
- ~
\ 600 l600
E
I--
I-- - I-- \ '00 I-- LSOO
1
I-- I-- 800 -
E
800
I--
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TIME HELD IN coNnANT TEMPERATURE BATH
Click here to view TIME HELD IN CONSTANT TEMPERATURE BATH
FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS) Click here to view FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS)
En 34 En 34
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.53% Mn - 0.18% Si - 1.56% Ni - Composition: 0.16% C - 0.53% Mn - 0.18% Si - 1.56% Ni -
0.26% Cr - 0.25% Mo Grain size: 8 Austenitized at 865°C 0.26% Cr - 0.25% Mo Grain size: 8 Austenitized at 770°C
(1589 0F) for 30 min (1418 0F) for 30 min
~ r= r=
~
900
c E= f- \ 600
900
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1=
t-- I--
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j=r-
t--
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LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view TIMEF.rl~DS~~R~ONC:;A~JE~~Pf::J~~~srATH
Click here to view
25% ferrite present at austenitizing temperature
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 56, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1966
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 709
Carburized En 34 Carburized En 34
Composition: 0.99% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.29% Si - 1.61% Ni - Composition: 0.99% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.29% Si - 1.61% Ni -
0.32% Cr - 0.29% Mo Grain size: 8 Austenitized at 866 0C 0.32% Cr - 0.29% Mo Grain size: >8 Austenitized at 770 0C
(1689 0F) for 30 min (1418 0F) for 30 min
--
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100 00 100 200
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700
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2
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0
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LIVE GRAPH TIME HELD IN CONSTANT TEMPERATURE BATH
FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS)
LIVE GRAPH TIME HELD IN CONSTANT TEMPER,lTURE lATH
FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS)
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 66, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1966
710 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
I--
.----
I--
I--
I--
.----
t--
t--
r=
I--
I--
I.600
900 r-
t--
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I--
I---
I--
I--
I--
r=
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t--
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l=-
000
t=
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0
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00
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~TRANSFORMA ION '/, 10 qo' 10 00
~~
I-- I-- t-- I-- I--~:
--
t= -
I-- f-- 5 00 I-- 5 00
I-- f--
~~
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r=::F ~F 4 00 20 0
M,
=~ =:1-
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61050
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00
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0
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~~
000,
Less than 0.5% carbide present at austenitizing temperature Less than 0.5% carbide present at austenitizing temperature
1
1o00
t=
1o00
1=
t-- I-- I-- I.'00
r=
1,500
000
lilliE
r= I--
t--
100
=
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E -= = ~ = ACI
600 I--
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-
-
=
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l 200
I.100 600
1,200
1.100
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II! 500
I--
I--
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--
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= t=
-
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•
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l 000..
00 ~
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l,OO~lI.
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~
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i!
.
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-
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~
1--1-
r::: 800 ~
~
eoo~
..
a. 400
~ 1= I-- ~
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~
I--
I--
I--
==
-
-
-
--
E~
700
600
~ 700
600
~
300 300
I--
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§
t--
TRANsFORMATION '/0 0
t-
t--
t--
r--
I--
I--
10
500 500
§
200 200
I-- t-- I--
t--
M.
t=
I--
,.-- t=
i=-
300
Ms
300
S-
I-- I--- I--
I-- ~ I-- 2 ~_I 00
>-
I-- - _100
o - "PI WI
~ 0
!!~g~~H~§n§! 088
0
80
~ s
0
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 56, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1956
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 771
En 355 En 355
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.28% Si - 2.00% Ni - Composition: 0.20% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.28% Si - 2.00% Ni -
1.66% Cr - 0.19% Mo Grain size: 8 Austenitized at 870°C 1.66% Cr - 0.19% Mo Grain size: 8 Austenitized at 800°C
(1698 0F) for 80 min (1472 0F) for 80 min
'00
= -- ~
I-- r= '00
r=:: := = I.600
- l 600 I-- ,--
=
=
I-- I--
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==
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§
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.. t:2""
700 700
e--
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l 200 I 200
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r=:
=
1600
- ~
- I-- 500 I-- - tseo
800
~ §
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•
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-==
-
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E ~
- 300 Ae,-
§ ::::: 1.300
~ tlil:'
700
I-- 700n I--
§~
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~
~ ;;:::
~
BOO I-- I.100
I-- f-:"= 1.100
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==
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~ r == .. =-
, 00 ~
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=
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~~~I~~~
:>
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== ~
-=~
~
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=
,-
~
7 00 ~
i-§ ==
-
- --
700 ~
I-
~~
300 c-!!l ~SFO RM~ 0/. os:;; 6 00
= 600
I--
I--
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I--
I--
, - .....
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-
S 00 S 300
==
-
-
500
200
I---
~
I--
t=
-
=
s::;~
-
4 00
=
MS -
=
I
Ms
200
-
- --
r== ~~ ~;;; ~ 300
I-- I-- -
100
-
I--
I--
I--
I---
z
:i
I--
I--
-
~
----'1 - E - t
2 00
00
100
-
==
-- " -==
-
o
gs
~
0 8
LIVE GRAPH gg &
00
~
80_,
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
2% carbide present at austenitizing temperature 8% carbide present at austenitizing temperature
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 66, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1966
712 Atlas of Time-Temperature DIagrams
En 353 En 353
Composition: 0.18% C - 0.93% Mn - 0.26% Si - 1.34% Ni - Composition: 0.18% C - 0.93% Mn - 0.26% Si - 1.34% Ni -
1.11% Cr - 0.11% Mo Grain size: finer than 8 Austenitized at 1.11% Cr - 0.11% Mo Grain size: finer than 8 Austenitized at
870°C (1598 0F) for 30 min 800°-0 (1472 0F) for 30 min
--
'00
r= ~
I-- r= - I,600 = 1,600
~
I--
~ - =
800
'JIiC I--
--
- ==
~
--
-
L500
=
::;;",
1,500
I--
==
0:::: I..00 1.400
~ ~"" ~b
Ac, I-- I--
700
~ ... """,,'" ~i= I.300
700~ 1,300
~~ ~ -=~ L200
:::;
- 1,200
-~ I--
~~ - -
~
~
~
,og ~1'-
600 I,100 600EEm 1.100
'--
I-- ::::", -::
- -
-
I--
:::s I. I,OO~....
~ ='"
,0
- - , =~
~5oo~3i
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~ .. ="" ::;;;:'"
= !< 1=
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~
~.400 10'0 ;:= ...00
~
-- I--
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RA \fORMATION 0/0 _
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- ==
-
7
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--
700
.
~
- '-- - -
=
6 00 600
--
300 '--
-
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=
200
==
-
-
--
f=
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I--
=
-
-
-
--
5 00
• 00 200
=
-
-
-
500
.00
--==
-- I-- - -
I-- - 3 00
- 300
- -
~
I--
'00
z
==
'--
~
0 =- ~
2 00 '00
==
-~
200
~ 100
o -
- -:l
gg~~g88gg8ogg
-NC'I~g~~~~
,------'1
:----'
-x -, 00
o 00000000
-tlIl')W'tOooa
- (If I') '"
- Q
8o
LIVE GRAPH TIME HELD IN CONSTANT TEt.4peRA,TURe BATH
LIVE GRAPH TIME HELD IN CONST....NT TEMPERATURE BATH
~
Click here to view FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS) Click here to view FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS)
1,500 1,500
800 800
1.400
1,300
1,200
1,100
I'OO~IL
'00 ~
..
:>
800 ~
700
....
~
600
500
.00
300
200
~
_100
o
Qll~~8g88ogooo g8 0
0
-NI')V1g~~§! qQ ~
~
00
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH TIME HELD IN CONSTANT TEMPERATURE BATH "' ...
Click here to view Click here to view FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS)
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 56, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1956
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 773
k,
~
I--
I--
~~
1-
I--
r-r-r-
"""=
--
r-r-r-
~
=
~
i==
1.600
900
Ac
-
l-
=: ==
===
= =
I-
~
-
,~oo
~
l .00 I-
-- -- == l 500
~~
t:=:
~ ..
000 I-- 000
I--
-- ==
I-- I-- ~
I.400 I-- I,400
-
~;
I-- I-- I--
k, 1\<0,
~ = ~F ~
700
I--
I--
==
-~
z:
;:::!
I--
~
~
~
I,300
l 200
700
=
--
~P ,.....'"
-
~'"'
~ . I.300
~
I,200
I--
I-- - 'I-- E:::: -
I--
I--
-- 1--""
~ E;;::
~ ~
.00 I.100 600
:S::r. I.100
~
- I--
I:s I-- I-- ~""
,u ~i- I-- L
,u
~~ ~ ~ ~~ L
OO~lI.
-".. I==F r=""
.. $00 -10-
r=:F il1
500 E:::;::::: ='
r='"..
~
'-- I-- 9 00
..
9 00 ~
g
§ M. l 2'"'
-;z ~
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:>
~ M. I--
E
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:::;;;;i=
=F
~
r='" 0
~
..
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~O 1-- 90 - I--
00
I- -
I- -
0
1
50;
SFOR~ "'liON %
cjO I--
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.
~ - '- 0 ,1)
lRANSFORMA ION 'I• I--
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-
-
-
-
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r=: •
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~
I-- 00 I-- I--
r=:
6 00
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~
300 I-- I-- 300 I--
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- I-- I-- I--
=
'00 I-- I- 5 00
- I-- I-- I-- I-- I-
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~
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- - 400
r=
200 200 I-- I-- 400
r=:
l-
-- -
-
I-- I-- I-- I--
,
~
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-
-
-
-
I-- I-
300
I--
c--
-- ~
00
100
= §
I--
.. I-
I--
I-- , 2 00 100 --
= I- ., -- 2 00
z
~
0
--
z
H >-
-
== :1
-
I--
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x
g I 00
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o - ~ 00000000
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o
o
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0
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o
o - Q~~~~2~§gg88g
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s~ ~ ~ .~..
o
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s wi ~
~ LIVE GRAPH ~
..: N l'i.n Q
LIVE GRAPH TIME HELD IN CONSTANT TEMPERATURE BATH TIME HELD IN CONSTANT TEMPERATURE BATH
N M
Click here to view FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS) Click here to view FROM START OF QUENCH (SECONDS)
9 0 0 . ~600
'00
C ~
=
=
-
~
I-
-
-
-
L600
=
L500 l 500
000 000
~ I-- --
1.400 - I--
I-- - -- ,.400
= I-- - --
700 lei 1,300 700
~-
I--
~~
-
~ir'
~ ~
-
.:' 300
~
0- I-- ( 200
~200 -
I--
600 600
I-- h" ,
-
-- I.100
~ ... ~ ...
~
c--
_
I.
I,OO~I.L. ,lJ I--
-- r:s.. ;;;""
900 ~
~500
..
~
t= -
- ~-"
'-
-"".... 9 00
oooS
700
~
~
G.400
~
E
!m1\fJ ~
::::::;7
~
~~
;;;;;= ..
=--
~~
0 00
7 00
- I--
§
600 6 00
~ i~
300 300
IS;....
500
t::: 5 00
- -!!oo.
200 400
300
200 s ~
I--
I--
=
-
-
f=
I--
I--
s::::.
-
-
4 00
3 00
-
~ ~ q~ =
100 200 '00 2 00
z )0
:1
_100 - - - g ~, 00
o ;::::t:!1tj[tiJt1 o -
f--i
~
00
00
0
0 g g8 g g~g~ggg88g88g
LIVE GRAPH
ss s ~ ~g ~
o
LIVE GRAPH
-NM~g~~~~
SOURCE: Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams of B.S. En Steels, 2nd edition, Special Report No. 66, The Iron and Steel
Institute, London, 1966
German Steels
1-T and CCl Diagrams
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 177
Au...
Holding time, 16 min, brought up to temperature in 3 min
n;li.;n~"""UM I
Austenitisierungstemperatur 880 DC t
nattedouer 10min, aufgeheizt in 3 min
-----~--
7. 9 70
~ ACJ
1\ \
\
\ \ \ 1\ \ 1\
\
\ \ \ \
\ 1\
1\ \ \
\ \
.JOOI---+--+--HI-k--+---\-t~ml\-\--T+::-'\t-t-l-f--',----I--'r+--+~--t---T-t-H--1---t---f---tt-t-i
\ \
.U18
\ \ \ \ 1\ 1\
1\ 1\ \ \ \
1001---+-_+__+_++-_+_----'l,r-+-'1-;--;;;-...-iIb~_;-Tt-+_-+----\--+---I\-+-+--t'<-+-'/_t_+_+_+__;_;_IH
1\
~~ I~
1 10
sekunden, ~
10 100 1000
---Zeit -~- ~ Afinufen
f
Time
Seconda "<. Minutes
A+K Bereich des Austenite und Karbids Area for austenite and carbides
F Bereich del' Ferritbildung Area for ferrite formation
P Bereich dol' Porlitbildung Area for pearlite formation
o Hartowerto in HV Hardness in HV
Zw Bereich del' Zwischenstufon-Gefligo- Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation)
bildung
l\f Bereich dol' l\Iartensitbildung Area for martensite formation
RA Restaustenit Residual austenite
1; 2 .•• Gefugeanteilo in Prozent (refers to numbers on curves)
proportion of structure formed, in percent
718 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
800 AC3
ACT
700
<.:>
A
't~
::::::: ;:..- @
<:>
.!:;
"-
jsoo
600
7:1 P
85."
85
'-1,
~
® ACI = 735°C
AC3 = 785°C
100
o Hiirtewerte inHRc bzw. inHV
15;85....Gefiigeonteile in 0/0
IT o I I I I I I I I I
1 10
Sekunden I I I I
10 100 1000 10000
Minute'll I I I
1 10 100
---Z ei t-----+ Stunden
800
70C
.......
~
- ....... 5,
ACJ
ACT
'D.
~ /p -- 81
'< -, V <, 85 <; 30
J/O\
~ ~10. S~? 1\\
5~
<.:> 75 70
<:> 600
I~
.S: \ \
s, A ACI =
735°C
~500 AC3 = 785°C
e,
'" Y\ 7W1\ \ \ 1\ M s = 350°C
'"
f:: qOO
~B\ EO
A Bereich des Austenits
5.~\
Bereich derFerritbildung
~
JOf}
Ms
7 1\ \
F
P
lw
Bereich derperlitbildU~
Bereichderlwischenstu '/I'
EOO
M 1\
1\ \ '\[\1\
,\
1\ \@ Iiefilgebildun;
AI Bereich derMortensit-
bildung
~ \ \ \ o Hiirfewerte inHllcbzw.HV
100
CCT
~~JJ~ '--'
~ f!J @ 7.Z.... GefiJgeonfeile in Ofo
' I I'll I I I I
o
0,1 1 10
Sekunden
1 10 100 1000
Minute'll
1 10
- - - Z e it -----+ Standen
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 779
800
F ACJ
~ 600
700
A+N ~ ....
",
.p
J
~
97~
- g; -118)
I/"
AC7b ~
.!:: ( p
", ....,.....
-l~~
-1f!!J
~-::::. ~:-- t-
r--
t::::- I-..
-~
r-- r- ~
Zw
~ -(Gi8
300
Ms r- r-, @
zoo
- -- so At
700
o ~ ---
IT 90
1000 r--,--.--..,..,,,.--,---,--r-"T"T--r--,r-r-r-,--r----:-:--:-----------,-""T""'I
Ausfenifisierungsfemperafur 870 of}
Halfedauer 10 min, aut'geheizt in 3 min
BOO~~
'1\1\1\-, tk~
8 10
700
r; ~9G~$
700
93
~
.. 6001--t--\-\+-I-k~I--4I~d-++-I---f---\l-+I-*-+-I-+-I-++-+\l_H_-+-_\+____l_+_J
1\
.!::
~ A+K \ >J \ 1\ \
-t 5001--+---f-+4+-----\1-4-l---H---'l-----I--+----IrlI--+-.I,--1-I-+-l----I\--l---+4I-1---1----4'I-+-l+-/
~ 1\ ~-t ~8 \ 1\ \ \ 1798 \
~ 1/001--+--I-+-1fr1\--f--l.-+-4-++-+---J....lHI-I-+I++-lI--H-l---f---4-++.J-\I--+---+--\l-J.!!"}
\
\
~
,\ \1\ \\
\ ;\
1\
1\ \
Ms
1\
M \
1\ 1\
\
II~
\ ).
CCT I@ @ 1(i>1. t.eq
1 10
Sekunden
1 1tl 100 1000
---Zeit--+- Afinuten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1j2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
AC1 = 720°C
Acg HOoC=
M s after austenitizing 10 min 810°C: 245°C
M s after austenitizing 10 min 860°C: 210°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
120 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
800
AC1e
YOO k- I-- ~ AC1b ' -
A+H
Vi-'
~- !..... f- .~ 358)
~
.~
~
600
,,
\
(
1,.....
~0
ii 500 ...... .... .... .~
--
~
--
:"'_~
~ i'-
~ (100
I.;;: ""'1-- -- ~ .If! ~
JOO
I- ZW r- w.61J8
<,
, r-....f<.
ZOO - Ms " I"-
100 - -- 50 At
IT
@. - - 70
a
Austenitisierungstemperatur 790 DC
Halfedauer 10min, auftJeheizt in 3 min
Ac,e
~ ",<0 'ACib
\
-e,
~500
\ ~
... \ 1\
~ (Iool-+~'l:-I-++\--I---f-lH+--+-\---++-t-t\--t--t\+-t+-j\--+-HI\I--lI---t'H-i1\ 11J,~
~
1\
\
CCT I~
1 10
Sekundon
1 10 100 1000
-Zeit-+ Minuten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1i 2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
AClb 717°C =
ACle = 736°C
Ms after austenitizing 10 min at 790°C: 176°C
Ms after austenitizing 10 min at 860°C : 160°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 121
0.48% C - 1.98% Mn
LIVE GRAPH Composition: 0.48% C - 1.98% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.020% P -
Click here to view
0.011% S Auatenitised at 860°C (1662 0 F )
1000
Austenitisierungstemperatur 850 0C
(Haltedauer 7 min) aufgeheizt in B min
900
800
I--l--l-I-+l--+-+-I-++---+-+-+-++---+-++-++---+-+-+-l-l.::.!AICJ4---+-++-I
AC1
'100
A F.
~ 600
.!.>
...
{;500
t..
it'" quo
~
1\
Zw
300 Ms I"'r-...
M
zoo
100
3;9B Gefugeontei/e in Ofo
IT 0 11'11 I I II
1000
Austenitisierungstemperatur 850 °C
(Holtedouer 7 min) oufgehelzt In B min
900
800 "ACJ
...... <; r- AC1
'100
<,
1\ ~~ I\.~
r-, '-
~ 600
.!.> A \ ,~ ~ c:,zs p ~ ~ ~:r
~500
~
it liDO \1 '\ '\ ~\ ~~ 1\ A Bereich desAusfenifs
~~ 1\ ~6 ~ ~ 1\
F Bereich derFerrifbi/dung
~
ZOO
M
\
1\ t\ ~i\' \
\
Be{u/lebi/dung
At BereichderMarfensif·
bi/dung
100
\ \ 1\\
L\-l.
\ 1\
\
\ o HiirtewerfeinHllcbzw.HY
ACI = 720°C
=
AC3 766°C
Ms =
290°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol I, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
122 Atlas of TIme-Temperature Diagrams
0.98% C - 1.84% Mn
LIVE GRAPH Composition: 0.98% C - 1.84% Mn - 0.08% Si - 0.023% P _
Click here to view 0.011% S Austenitized at 900°C (16260F)
1000
Ausfenitisierungstemperafur DOD DC
(Haltedauer B min) aUfgeheizf inB min
'0
BOO
V
V
K
- Acm
AC1
'100
x
\'r---
-ZW
~'1f)
i""-
1'00.
II' \'1~
~ 1(39
A Bereich desAustenits
... '5
r-......
r- r- r-- ~ t- 51) P Bereich del' perlitbildU%,
300 -.... Zw 8ereichderZwischenstu n-
I"'"-- r-, r;;-...refligebildung
At Bereich del'Atof'tensit·
llJ0 bildun/l
AlB K Def'eifihdel'KOf'bidbildung
(ZementitJ
100 o Hlirtewel'teinHllcbzw.HY
7/99 GefiJgeanteile in Ofo
At
IT 0 I I-II I I II
Austenitisierungstemperatur DOD DC
(Haltedauer 10min) aufUeheiztin 3 min
Acm
A0 1
A \,\
1\
\
1\
\~ \'3 ~ \
I ®iBJ~ ~IiaIqglqg ae
10 ~r ~J ~~ 10'
Seliunden ( I. 1
1 10 100 1000 10000
Minuten '!:- ~.-----_:;--_
I I
1 10 100
---zeit~
Stunden
ACI = 710°C
ACcm = 760°C
Ma = 120°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 723
Ausfenitisierun!Jsfemperafur 8'15 DC
Halfedauer 70min, auf!Jeheizf in 3min
900I-+---iH+t-+---+-+++-+--++++-I--,,,rr----,---=--rn.-....-rlH-1
700
.!::
Zw
M
- - - >D
100t--+-+-+-i-t----l--+-+++-+----lH-+-I--+-t-H+----l--+--+-H--t-H-+--H
IT
Ausfenifisierungsfemperafur 8'15 0C
Halfedauer 70 min, auf!Jeheizf in 3 min
a A,,;
1\ 9f~I"'"
1\ \ \1\
\ 1\ I(~
\ 1\ 1\
\
1\ \\ 1\
\
M
CCT
1 10
Seliunden
1 10 100 1000
---z eif----+ AI/nuten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1i 2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
=
AC1 750 0C
AC3 = 775 0C
M s after austenitizing at 845 0C : 215 0C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
724 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
~ ODD
.!;:
700
I
./
... -., -- - -
-
~'lS'"
__80
p' /A" :n
F
_z§
18
"§
.- .-
AC1
90,
-. -- -- OOk
~
Ms
\
<,
'-
Zw
~C -
J:m- r-
300 >-- Z5
"
@
~ 8050
M
zoo
100
IT o~
1000
Austenitisierungstemperatur 850 0 c
(Haltedauer70min) au/Ueheizf in3 min
.900
A
BOO
AC3
'fOO
<, "<,
-,
""-
---
-. ~ <;
r-;
---- r-, ----
"" F
i--..... I- ........
-, 9~
AC1 -
o '...70 75""-77 \8
"'-85 Sf]
\ I
~
...,s
I\l \;ZO p~ zril
\ '\(
Z5 19
\
'{5 \1. \ 8Z.
~V3 5
\
'( Zw
'St v1
\ 1\ f\ \ \ \ \ \
k
670
\ \ \
300
Ms
\. 1\ l \,- \ \
ZOO
M "1\ 1\ 1\
...
~ \ 1\ 1\ \7i
100
\ \\ 1\
\\ 1\ 1\ \ \
CCT o
~
P ~ W9l
F ~ @ ~ ~\ § ~)
0,7 1 10
Sekundl1n
1 10 100 1000
---Zeit--+ Minuten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1i 2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
ACI = 690°C
AC3 = 760°C
Ms = 340°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 125
34 Cr 4 (SAE 5135)
LIVE GRAPH Composition: 0.36% C - 0.666% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.026% P -
Click here to view 0.013% S - 1.11% Cr - 0.18% Cu - 0.06% Mo - 0.23% Ni -
<0.01% V Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0 F)
1000r----r-r-rT-r---,---.--.,...,..,---,--,-.,...,..-.----,-------------"T""'T-,
Austenitisierungstemperatur 850 DC
(tfaltedauer 5 min) aufgeheizf inl min
AcJ
Ac1
F (1/ p yC:~ ~
""""
Zw
Ausfenitisierungsfemperafur 850DC
(Haltedauer 8 min)aufgeheizt inJ min
DOD
ACJ
800
'100
. . . ."s - 50
50
Ac1
t.':l
., GOO
.!::
A \
\ ).
e, 180
ii
e,
500
\
'"
"'-
F;, 1100
~ MS
M
JOO
ZOO
100
CCT 0
1 10
Sekunden
1 10
Minuten 1:-'
100
, 1000
-----J.::-----..,J,.=--- , 10000
1 10 100
---Zeif~
Stunden
ACI = 746°C
AC3 = 796°C
Ms = 360°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
126 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
41 Cr 4 (SAE 5140)
LIVE GRAPH Composition: 0.44% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.030% P -
Click here to view 0.023% S - 1.04% Cr - 0.17% Cu - 0.04% Mo - 0.26% Ni -
<0.01% V Austenitized at 840°C (1644 0 F)
1000
Austenitisierungstemperatur8'1O°C
(Haltedauer 5 min) aufgeheizt in1 min
900
AC3
800
Ac1
.........
700
95( ~ ~
10' (;
~ 600
.!::
ts,
A
;-
~
-,
- /I
7rr- r-c
3
~ qOO
500
'-" Zw --- .~
~
Ms \.
" M \ A Bereich des Ausfenits
300 - -50% F Bereich derferrifbildung
- -90% P Bereich derPerlifbildung
zoo Zw Bereich derZwischensfufen-fie{li!Jebildung
M Bereich der Marfensifbildung
100
o ttiirfewerfe inRRc bzw. inHY
70..95 GefuiJeanfeilein 0J0
IT I III 1 1 1 II
a
Austenifisierungstemperatur OWDC
(Haltedauer 8 min) auflJeheizt in 3 min
- un
I-- ~o
AcJ
AC1
\
18
\
1\
CCT
10
Sekunden I I I
1 10 100 1000 10000
Minuten ,::-1 -=::-
1 -±:,...-_
1
1 10 100
- - - Z e it----+-
Stunden
AC1 = 746°C
=
AC3 790°C
M s = 366°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 127
100 Cr 6
Composition: 1.04% C - 0.33% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.023% P -
LIVE GRAPH 0.006% S - 1.63% Cr - 0.20% Cu - <0.01% Mo - 0.31% Ni -
Click here to view <0.01% V Austenitized at 860°C (1680 0 F)
1000
Ausfenifisierungsfemperafur Boooe
Halfedauer 15min, aufgeheizf in 3min
900
IAc1e
800
AC1b
700 V"
p ~ .~ ~
~ GOO
IA+H
I I(
1. I~
-
t--
.!> r- @
-- '" •
'" ""r-. Zw
, r-..r-,
~
300
~ c;:;,
Ms --, N r-..
ZOO
-- -j M
100
IT ~§iJ --90
I
o
1000
Ausfenitisierungsfemperafur BBooe
Halfedauer 15min, aUfgeheizt in 3min
sav
80vt--..
<,
f::::: t--...: 1---..-- r-,
c-, ""'I'\.
--.. r-, -- r-.. r-,
AC1e
T\
v
A+H
1\
I\~ V p ~o?\
'00
\ \
v
1\ 1\\ '\ ~I\
~~\ 1\ \ 1\
1\ Zwl\ I\~ .\ \ \ \
\ ~ ~ ~\ 1\ \
300
ZO0
M~
"
1\
I~ 1\\ 1\ 1\
100
I\M \ 1\ ~j
HA~~\H.4~ f\ \1:
R~
~ I@ (so9J 310)\
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
128 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
~ 6001--+--1-+-l-l--p...,,...+_+++--+--jH_+H~-~F"t-+--...::II-_+_t_++-_+__f__+-H
•!::
s,
...... 1'. ...
-
ti 5001-_+-+-I-++--+--1-H--1--f::="l-+-++---f-+--H-/--j--t--HI+----It--t--1-H
~ I;.:;".
~ lIOO 1--+--1--H-/--I--+_+++--+--jH_+t--+-_+_+-+-1--••~,,"""-+-l-+-1--+-+-+-H
" IIiiM
300- Ms e-:
M
zoo -- -- so
100 -- - - 9O.CH!-+-+--+-+-H--!--Hf-++--+-+--H_t_-t--+-++t-+----i_f-H
IT
1000
~
- <,
r--:::
I'--- k~ I'r:::::..
~/-....... <,
- ..4usma~ungstemperatur 980 DC
<, /tofte uer: 15min, aufgeheizf in 3 min
900
A+H -, / -, H -, <, <, <, <, Ac1e
800
\ N 1\ '\ '\ 1\ AC1h
\ \\, 1\ \
\
1\ ~ ~~1
...- I:::=- ~
o!!._
p --
700 gO
1\ f'\ 1\
\ ~
!-
~
~ F+H
\
\ 1\ \ \
1\
\\ \ \ \
1\ 1\ \ 1\ 1\ \
\ \ ~_ .... 'X ~\ \\ \
300 f--- Ms
-'- v
zoo
1\ \ \ \ 1\ \
hi \
1\ 1\ 1\ \ 1\
CCT
100
o1
Seliunden
10
I
~ ~ ~
I
e \.l. i-,
-1 ~ ~ ~
1 10 100 1000 10000
---z e /t----+ M/nuten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1j 2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
AClb = 790°C
ACle = 850°C
Ms after austenitizing at 980°C : 280°C
Ms after austenitizing at 1060 0C : 146°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 129
900
_f-- f-' -- -- -I- - Ausfenifisierungsfemperafur 970 DC
Halfedauer 15min, aufgeheizf in 3min
A+II ~.
800
,/' I 14c1e
/ II
~
~ 3? IAc7b
700
II \ Hl rBl ~
P
I' ~
~ 600
.5;
s,
-
"'- ~
t-
~
t-- t-- t- --
- -
I-- ~-I-
{500
~ 1100
l.;;:
300
( -
<, ......
Zw
.-'
.- . .- .-
.wI, -- "-fI@' .... ....
90
I-'
. .
zoo Mol'
_. 1 - - 'M- 1--- .... - --- -- I- -
_.. _.- _. 1-1--- ~
~.
100 -- --JZ
IT o .~ --9tJ,
A+III\1; \ 1\
700
'.\ 11
\
/ 1\
H 1\1\ 1\
~ 600'1--+-I--+--l-II*--I--\+~++--Ir~f;;;;-l~j\--+'\-+-Hrt-----l'------t\+t+-+---t-t-ti
i
·50 \
1\ 1\ 1\
ii'" 500'1--+--\-+--l-II+\-I--+\f--f\+---t-'ol\-Ip.J-j\f-\+-\-+-H+----l-+-t-t-tI-t---t-t-ti
\
~
1\ 1\ \ 1\
~ 1I001--+-+-l-++-4-+-f4B:-+--I\--H:-I-\-,Il\-++-t-H--t-+t\i+-Hr--r-TiH
1\ 1\
~
1\ \ \ \
\
\
zoo Mol' \ \1\
-_.- - .- ._-~ -
CCT
10 101/
Sekunden
1 10 100 1000 10000
-Zeit~ Minuten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
p Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1j 2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
AClb = 768°C
ACle = 979°C
M s after austenitizing at 970°C : 184°0
M s after austenitizing at 1060°0 : 70°0
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
730 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
20 Mo 5
LIVE GRAPH Composition: 0.23% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.013% P -
Click here to view 0.030% S - 0.061% AI - 0.12% Cr - 0.08% Cu - 0.60% Mo -
0.06% Ni - 0.03% V Austenitised at 1060 0C (1922 0 F )
AustemYisiel'un!lslempel'aluf' 1050 ac
Halledauer 1.min
\
\ \\
\ ).
ceT
~oo 710 7GSf,SO
~
10
Zeil in s
AClb = 760 0 e
ACle = 760 0 e
AC3 = 860 0 e
M s = 426 0 e
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 2, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1972
Next Page
37 MnSi 5
LIVE GRAPH Composition: 0.38% C - 1.14% Mn - 1.06% Si - 0.036% p -
Click here to view 0.019% S - 0.23% Cr - 0.02% V Austenitized at 860°C (1680 0 F)
1000
Austenitisierungstemperatur860 DC
(Haltedauer 5 min) aufgeheizt inCmin
900
AcJ
800
~ Ac7
700
~ 600
A
/' ~
I//u ,- P-8U 3~.-
F
®
-
73
- - --
) " """-)-- ~- a ~ fi3
I Zw (
,#s ~ \9Ju
300
1'-
5ffJ- FA Bereich des Austenits
Bereich derFerritbi/dung
M P Bereich der Perlitbi/dung
zoo Zw Bereich derZwischenstiJ{en-fleftigebl'ldun//
AI Bereich der Afartensitbi/dung
100
o Hiirtewerfe infiRc bzw. in HY
5;co... Geriigeant~i/e in0/0
IT I I I I I I I I I
o
Austenitisierungstemperatur 8GO DC
(Haltedauer 7 min) oufgeheizt in 3 min
AC3
- AC7
1\
\
\
\ \ \
\ \
CCT
10
Seliunden
1 10 10U 1000 10000
Minuten
1 10 100
- - - Z e it------+-
Stunden
AC1 736°C =
AC3 = 796°C
Ms =
330°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
Previous Page
132 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
'100
<,
- r-, '""""
r-, t':
I'\."
~~
--
r--:
",,-
--..
<,
AC3
AC1
1\ ~
~ \ 1,/ ) ~GO [\8$ 6.f\78
~ 600 Il Ctl
\. ~\ p ~ Zt1
.!!;
1\ 1\ 1\ V \
1\
1\ \ ~ 1\~f\1\ ~ 1\
1\
Als ( \L~
Zw
1\80 1\ 1\ 1\\
...
\
\r- G~k\ \
\ ~ \
\ I\~ ~ ~~ ~ l\
300
AI \
zoo 1\
\~ ~L .\
1\
1QO
1\ \ 1\ 1\ \ \
CCT o
€~ ~ ~
\.. 1\ -w!:
~~
..... '-. .......
0,1 10 10' 103 10' 10'
Zeit in s
AClb = 760°C
AC3 = 846°C
M s = 400°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 2, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1972
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 133
Aasfenitisierungstemperafllr660DC
(nalfedaaer 5 min) aUfgeheizt in6' min
Ac3
Ac1
Aastenitisierungstemperatar 880 DC
{Halfedaaer 5 min}aa(geheizt in J min
AcJ
-.. if5 r- 85 Ac1
t:-.:::' -...... 75
1\
\
\ \
1\
I>. \.L\.... \ 1;5....fiefiigeanfeile in0/0
CCT
I~ (f7Xm £'~ I I II L 111
10 10' 10.1 10""
Seltunden I I ,
1
Alinaten
10
=-'
7
100
-=
10
I
1000
I
100
10000
~.---_
Standen
---z e if--+-
ACI =
735°C
AC3 = 780°C
Ms = 300°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
734 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
800
If. ACJ
700 Ac1
~
I"""
I- haD
~ I' 3~
A
~ 600 <,
.E;
1/
I'-
Zw
--- ~
~
1'-.
'0 ""'@:3
I'\. 1&11 (3~
soo Ms
r-
I' I~ I'- -(ji; A Bereich des Austenits
, F Bereich der ferrithi/dung
50%
P Bereich der Per/ithi/dunU
coo 1= 90 0/0
M Zw Bereich derZwischenstufen-lieftlgehJ'ldung
M Bereichder Mortensithi/dung
100
o
Hiirtewerfe inHRc hzw. inHV
70 GefiJgeonteilein0/0
IT o I I I I I I I II
Austenitisierungstemperatur 880 DC
(Halfedauer s min) au{geheizt in 3 min
IACJ
1".1
99 c1
1\
A
r\ 1\
\
1\
\
1;7.... liefiJ'geontei/ein010
I III I I II
10
Seltunden
1 10 100 1000 10000
Minuten I
7':------:::;~-----:::;=--
I I
10 100
---zeit~
Stunden
ACI = 725°C
=
AC3 760°C
Me = 270°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol I, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 735
700
1.........-
- BOl lfJ~o(
.
I Ac,
~ '-
F 19.
~ 600 f> - -
t-..: @ tSI
.!>
I
1--
,••10-
~
I"'""
500
~~ 1100
>.::::
Ms
,If
\ .f0\
"
ZW -:!
K
300
BOO
100
IT o
1000
Austenitisierungstemperatur 9110 0 c
(llaltedauer 8 min) aufgeheizt in5 m.in
900
800
-- r------
-, r- f? ---,,:::r--.
<,
'" ~t--... t--:::::: K
-,
- r-,
ACa
AC1
.:;;,.,-
I', '\ 711 '"
700
1'\
\ '" \ l><
1\
F
r-,
'"
1\')\69 ~ " 5..:£!.
\
P
L7.f lv5
Y5
"\ 7.f
iZ'
c."
., 600 1\ 5
Z.f
1\ -, -.~~ \ n
~
.!>
i e,
500
i"""
Zw ........
l\ 1\ 1\
~"oo
Afs 1\ 1\'/0
~75 1\ 1\ ~ r-,~ 1\
...... I'-.
\ ~ \ 1\
~
300
A1
1\ .\ \
BOO
1\ \ \'~ ~ 1\
~ ~' \ \
100
\ \ 1\ \ \ 1\\ \ h. \
\.. \ \.'l~ ~
CCT 0
'/~ ~ (ia~
~ ..... ....., '- .~?J
0.1 1 10
Sekunden
1 10 100 1000
-Zeit~ Minuten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1i2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
ACI = 766°C
=
AC3 870°C
Ms =
436°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol I, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
736 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
15 CrNi 6
Composition: 0.13% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.023% P -
0.009% S - 0.010% AI - 1.60% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 1.55% Ni -
<0.01% V Austenitized at 870°C (1698 0F)
Austenifisierunllstemperotur 8700 C
LIVE GRAPH (Holtedouer 10min) ou(geheiztin .1 min
Click here to view
AC3
700 75 75
~600
1\ A+K\
\
1
'P \
'M
\
15
\ \
.~
~SOO \ 1\ 1\
~...
~IJOO v \ 1\
~
M
\ i\
\ \ 1\ \
300
300
\ \ \\\ \\ \\
100 1\ \ \ \\ \ \ \
CCT 0
0,1 10 10 2 10' 10' 10' 10·
Zeit in s
AClb = 736°C
AC3 =
820°C
Ms =
440°C
18 CrNi 8
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.013% P -
0.014% S - 0.03% AI - 1.96% Cr - 0.03% Mo - 2.02% Ni - 0.01%
V Austenitized at 870°C (1698°F)
1000
Austenitisierunllstemperotur 870 0 c
LIVE GRAPH (Haltedouer 10 min) ou(geheiztin.J min
Click here to view 900
/JOO
100
\ \ \
CCT 0
0.1 10 10 2 10' 10' 105 10·
Zeit in s
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 2, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1972
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 737
14 NiCr 14
Composition: 0.13% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.013% P -
0.012% S - 0.012% Al - 0.78% Cr - 0.16% Cu - 0.04% Mo -
3.69% Ni Austenitized at 870°C (1598°F)
AusfomYisierungsfemperaluf' 870 DC
Holledouer 1. min
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
A \\
\
\~ 3 -, ,\1'\
\ \~ r\ -,\ ~~~¥7
\
zoo
AClb = 675°C
ACle = 71SoC
AC3 = 820°C
M s = 420°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 2, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1972
738 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
'100
A
V
-- ~
F (~
fiJ,
~
~§
Ao7
'\ "'- -
~ 600
~
V iDr;
-
.~
./ GOZwG ~
Zw ~ '@)
iHs ,/'
---
.- --50%
-90%
I '1:,'3
-~o
<,
'- Go-~ 0
1\ -,r\ r\ 1)\ ~
'100 C. ,110
-\ ~
F 5<
~t
~
3 ~o \
A I'X ~
~ 1\ ~ \"
P
.......
~~
\
1\
1\
~
Zw \
\ \
300
Als
M
-
\ [\\
" \35
\
\
~GO
\"~ -[l60 \~ \
\\ \ \~ \
\ \
\
Bereich des Austenits
A
f Bereichderferritbildun/l
P Bereich der perlitbilda:,.
Zw BereichderZwischensf n-
@ 6eftigebildung
zoo \ \ 1\ AI Bereich derMortensit-
bildun/l
\ \
1\
\\\ ~ \ o
Hiirlewerte inDllcblH!HY
100
@~~ ~~
\ \
CCT o
1 10
® em'~ mJ
~
m~
1;Z....Ceftigeonleilein Ofo
I "II I I I I
Sekunden I I I
7 10 100 1000 10000
Mlnuten !;-I ~-----*.::--_
I I
7 10 100
---Zelt~
Stunden
AC1 = 730°C
AC3 = 825°C
Ms = 400°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle. vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf. Germany, 1954
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 139
AcJ
800
I-- Ac 1
IC~~ s
700
(!!!J
A r
~ GOO / I- lrez)
'351-
.!;: ~ I-
s, / I\....
~ 500
~Ms
.\ Zw
V ~V ~
~ qOO
0..:::
~
\ re
300 700/0~ r\ A Bereich des Ausfenifs
r Bereich derferrifhi/dung
f-::o:..l P Bereich derPerlifhildung
90%
ZOO Zw Bereich derZwischensfu{en-lieftigehi/dunl1
M Bereich derMarfensifhildunl1
100
o Hiirtewerte in HRc tuw: inHY
35; 50 Ce{iigeanfei/e in 0/0
IT o I I I I I I I II
1000
Ausfenitisierunl1sfemperafur 850 0&
(Halfedauer 10min) aUfiJeheizf in fl min
900
AC3
800
<, --=:::::: F::: <; -..... f:::::::,..
I--..
- '--
Ac 1
-- ..-
5
-
sa
-. = ~=
'100
<, <, <,
"
:/:A,o
~ GOO -. A 1\ '\ ?< -,
1\ K [\,~ V
~ 50
\
.!;:
~
1\ VI-- -,- '5\ 8
r"\.
10
1\
s
\'~'"
P. ~\
\
\
180
t5 500
~
~/IOO ur I}"z
\ Zw
-,
r\ ",\
~70
\
r\ ~
1\
A Bereich desAustenits
I'- t-- ~~
~
~ f Bereich derferri/hi/dung
1\\\ 80
P
lw
Bereich derper/itbildU~
BereichderZwischenstu n-
\ 1\\ \ ~l\
JOO
COO
M
1\ 1\
fiefiigehildung
M BereichderMartensit-
hildung
\ 1\ f\\ 1\ f~\ o Hiirfewerte inHRcbzw.HY
CCT
100
~ ~
\ 1\31)1
(3/1
\
ZH) (c51CG) CO
' 05...Ceftigeanteilein 010
I I VI I I I I I
10
Seliunden
1 10 100 1000 10000
Minuten ~I------::I::-----~:--_
I I
7 70 100
-Zeit~
Stunden
Aq = 730°C
AC3 = 796°C
Ms = 386°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
740 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
800 AcJ
700
A ,/ F
..... - ( p 81Z:Qv~- ~
Ac1
~ 600 / 'fill
V
"- I\. ~
~
.!::
-........:
s, I
1
500
\
~ qOO
Zw
./ 15:"" KG) rw
~~
'CI
"
300
SOO/o 1\ ,'C:/ ? A
F
Bereich des Austenits
Bereich der Ferritbi/dung
~/o P Bereich der Pertitbi/dung
At Zw Bereich derZwischenstu(en-fieftigebi/dung
coo
AI Bereich der Alartensitbi/dung
100
o /liirtewerte in/IRe bzw. in/IV
50.· 80 Ge(iigeantei/ein 0/0
IT I I I I I I I I I
o
Austenitisierungstemperatur 850DC
(Halfedauer 10min) aufgeheizt inZ min
Aca
Act
<, 60
'\
\ 1~09
~
\
\
CCT
10 1011 10J 10"" 105 '108
Seliunden I I I I f
1 10 100 1000 10000
Minuten I I I
1 10 700
-Zeif~
Stunden
AC1 = 730°C
AC3 = 780°C
M s = 360°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 747
800
AcJ
IAC7
700
i"""
A F (
<, ~
o~( ~
~l-
~ 600
•!::
J:! 500
K
~ 1/00
I~ Zw
I"""' r:::j:::: -~
- ....
"I' ~
i),
<,
r-
"
300 A1s
~ [( ~ A Bereich des Austenits
f Bereich derFerritbi/dung
1- 50% P Bereich derPerlitbildung
coo f= t-90%
M
Zw Bereich derZwischenstufen-lieftigebi/dung
AI Bereich derAfarfensitbi/dung
100 o I/iirtewerte in !fRc bzw. inltV
00;9B Gefiigeantei/e in Ofo
IT o I I I I I I I II
1000
Ausfenifisierungsfemperafur 850°C
(ffalfedauer 10min) au(geheiztin Z min
900
800 -:AC3
r- e- If AC7
'100
<, <,
~~ 1'\'" " tr. 80
r-,
1"\ f}<1~ "P/~o 1\
~ 1\
\ 1'\
A
1\ 1\1\1\ 1\ I~z~
~
I'
\ I) II [\ \
1\ 1\ Bereich desAusfenifs
300 Afs
1\ c\\ 1\i\W\ \ ~ 1\ 1\
A
F
P
Zw
Bereich derferrifbi/dung
BereiChderper/itbi/d.
BereichderZwischensf
coo
M -, I\( ~~ 6[. I@ 70
6e{iJgebi/dung
AI Bereich derAfartensif-
bi/dung
100
\
·1\ ~ \ 1\-; o Itorfewerfe inffHcbzw.HV
\. l\' \.
CCT o1
10
® :@ ~ (t9X!'! 5Bl'1"
1;B.... Ge{iJgeanfei/e in 0/0
1 J JI I 111
Sekunden
1 10 100 1000 10000
Minuten I I
7~------:;::;---------:;~-
I
10 100
---Zeit--+- Sfunden
ACI = 725°C
AC3 760°C =
Ms = 290°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
742 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
20 MoCr 4
Composition: 0.22% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.018% P -
LIVE GRAPH 0.011% S - 0.049% Al - <0.0005% B - 0.56% Cr - 0.18% Cu -
Click here to view 0.44% Mo - 0.020% N - 0.15% Ni Austenitized at 890°C
(1634 0F)
1000'r----r-.--rT~-,.-~T"T_.___,.-_._"_.___,-__._..."rr-·r__,____._rT---------,
Austem1islerungslemperafuf' 890 DC
Haftedauer 15 mIn
1\
1\
1\ 1\
\ \
lie{iigeblld:
1\\
195 ~
CCT
10 106'
Zeit In s
AClb= 740°C AC3 = 865°C
ACle = 760°C M s = 425°C
25 MoCr 4
Composition: 0.27% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.017% P -
LIVE GRAPH 0.022% S - 0.034% Al - 0.002% B - 0.50% Cr - 0.45% Mo -
Click here to view 0.005% N - 0.11% Ni Austenitized at 890°C (1634 0F)
1000'r----r-~rT~-,.-,-T""T_.___,.-_._..."-.-__,r-__._...,,rr-r__,____._rT---------,
Austenlflslerungsfemperafuf' 890DC
Halfedauef' 15 mIn
9aol--+-+-H+---+-+-+-I-f--f-+--H+--1i-+--HH--I--++-t+-,----r-rrr-,----,----rn
700 "
1\ A
\
1\ \ \
\
\
M
i\
6efijgeblld:
\ \
CCT
10
Zeit In s
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 2, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1972
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 743
StE 70 (Cr-Mo-Zr)
Composition: 0.17% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.64% Si - 0.019% P -
LIVE GRAPH 0.011% S - 0.031% Al - 0.019% As - 0.89% Cr - 0.07% Cu -
Click here to view 0.40% Mo - 0.06% Ni - 0.008% N2 - 0.005% 02 - 0.008% Sn -
0.01% V - 0.09% Zr Austenitized at 950°C (1742 0F)
1000'r----..------.,r--.--"-...----.-.---rT-.--.---.-rr-.----..--...,,rr----.-...--..-r,-------------,
Ausfenl1isierungsfemperafur 950°C
Ha/tedauer .10 min
'\
\
\
1\
\
~~l~~ 1\
CCT h'1~:~~ I~
10
ACI 766°C =
AC3 = 900°C
M s = 426°C
StE 47 (Ni-V)
Composition: 0.21% C - 1.52% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.022% P -
LIVE GRAPH 0.023% S - 0.043% Al - 0.019% N - 0.07% Ni - 0.13% V
Click here to view Austenitized at 900°C (1652 0F)
1000'.-"T"--,--r-n---,----,-r.,,--,--r-,-rr-.---,-,-rr----.-...---r-r.-------------,
Ausfenifisierungstemperatur 9000C
Ha/tedauer Smln
AC3
CCT
10 S
Zeitin s
Act = 730°C
=
AC3 860°C
M s = 410°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 2, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1972
744 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
Ac,
\90
10
~ 6001---+-1f--1-\-HI-:>"/-~-+-'H-'d-----I\
.!:::
1\
~ 50ol--+-1H-+-IIt--+-+-I---\l-+t-\--t-\--+---ftB+f--\-t---t\H--1f-T--+--H-+---\-t--t-\-+++--+-f-t-t-I
\
\
lii
9-
\
~ '10°r-IIHT1I\-r---tH''¥t=l~:j,!·::J::t\?"--\;r-t'~H\,r---'t-Ti-r--i:--ri'rt-r-t-Itt1
1\ 1\ 1\
1\ \
f\ \
CCT @~
10
leit in s
ACI = 715°C
=
AC3 880°C
M3 = 420°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 2, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1972
Atlas of TIme-Temperature Diagrams 745
105 WCr 6
LIVE GRAPH Composition: 1.03% C - 0.97% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.016% P -
Click here to view 0.018% S - 1.06% Cr - 0.26% Cu - 0,03% Mo - 0.13% Ni -
1.16% W Austenitized at 816°C (1499 0 F)
1000r--r-.._......,..,...--,.______r"~T"T"-..____r~...,...,.____"""T'"------------__r""
Austenitisierungsfemperatur 8750C
lfaltedauer15min, aufgeheiztinsmln
~
-
.~.@
6001--+-f-+:,j."f----I---hJ-H'...Lf--+-++-I--+--HI-+f---+-+--HI+--f--+-+-t-l
.~
""'-~ ~
~~ 5001-1-ttff,-..,=~*t:t::;;+==t;t:+I=:t-HIII-It1I-III11
I
~ Zw ~?
~ lIOO
l;;:
~ I'-.. • q~¥-H--t--+-t-+-l--+--Hr+t--+-;-t-f-;
..... N~
-- --T
zoo 1--+-±-H+----II--+-+-t+-+--+--++-II--+--t-I-++--+--+--Ht+-t--+-++-t
M
100 I
IT l~ --90
0'-"-..<L..---..:..:....J"-I...l..---L.._J-J"-I...L...----L._.L...-1....L..L...----L._-'--1....L-'-----'-_-'-.J...J.-'----'-_-'--J......L..J
1000r--.--,...-....,---,.---.-....rr-,...---,-,...,....,.---.--:---:-.-:-----------:---."T"1
Austenitisierungstemperatur 875°C
Ifaltedauer 15min, autDeheizt in 3 min
-- <,
AC1e f-
Ac10 f-
100" 700
\ 1\
\
\
1\
\ \
\ \
1\ '\
1\ 1\
\ \
\\
\
CCT
10
sekunden
1 10 100 1000 10000
-Zeit-+- Minuten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
p Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1i 2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
AClb = 730°C
ACle = 770°C
Ms after austenitizing at 816°C: 246°C
M s after austenitizing at 890°C: 166°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol I, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
146 Atlas of TIme-Temperature Diagrams
-
'100
(V F
- 'l'p/~ 88)
~ 900 P- 30
1\ • HZ)
.5;
~
fi500
(,
~
~1I00
I;:::
IMs\
-[\
ZW
I~ r~v It:
.....r/.8
A
f
Bereich des Austenits
Bereich derferritbildung
P Bereichder perlitbildUif,.
JOO lw BereichderZwischenstu en·
AI 6efiiqebildung
At BereIch derMortensit-
zoo bildung
o Hiirlewerte inHRcblW.HI?~
100
30;706efiigeonleile inOfo .
IT o I ,'" I " I
1000
AustenitisierungstiJmperafur 8'10 °c
(Holtedouer 8 min) aufgeheizf in 3 min
900
AC3
800
Ac1
'100
'\'15
~ GOO
.s '{5
~500
..~1I00
e, 1\
~ 1\
.100
ZOO
~\
100
CCT 0
1 10
Sekunden
1 10
Minuten =-'
7
100
-=,10
1000
~=__
I
100
10000
ACI = 705°C
=
AC3 806°C
M s = 396°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol I, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 747
28 NiCrMo 7 4
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.030% P -
0.025% S - 1.44% Cr - 0.20% Cu - 0.37% Mo - 2.06% Ni -
<0.01% V Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0 F )
1000
Austenifisierungstemperatur850DC
LIVE GRAPH (Ualfedauer 5 min) aU(geheiztinII min
900
Click here to view
800 Ac3 f- .
-
Ac1. l -
?OO
~ 600
A e F 30(
.......
"-
P ?DC
-
-----
/'
Ms Zw
,...... 'f.
300 1== 50% A Bereich des Aus/ent s
.......... 90% F Bereich der Ferri/bi/dung
M P Bereich der Per/i/bi/dung
zoo Zw Bereich derZwischens/uren-fiefligebi/dung
Jf Bereich der Martensi/bi/dung
100
39,70 Getugean/ei/ein 0/0
IT o I I I I , I I I'
1 10 1011
Sekunden
1 10 ·100 1000 10000
Minuten !-' ~----~:--_
I I
1 10 100
-Zeit--+- Stunden
1000
Austenitisierungstemperotur 850 DC
LIVE GRAPH (Holtedouer 70 min) oufgeheizfin z min
Click here to view 1/00
800 AC3
700
<, ....... -..... ..... <, <, I"--.. - ~C7 I-
"" -, -. "'\
vo_ I::
~ 600
-, I\C 1\
1\7
F
1'\ 75 ,
"30
1\ 'ln~50
I€l~
\
.!:;
1?500
A
'\ 1\ \ \ \
1\
~ ~ -\
1\ \
~ \ \ \
--\
~"OO A Bereich des Austenits
~ Ats
-,
1(7
~ f\"" '>0
1\ l~ \ 1\,\ F Bereichder Ferri/bi/dung
P Bereichder per/itbi/dU~
lw BereichderZwischens/u n-
JOO
\
I\[\~~
*- - r
fieri/QelJi/dung
zoo
M
:\ I
'9 -
At BerelchderMorlensi/=
lJi/dung
CCT
100
o
1 10
t\
~ @
1\
"~1\\@ ~~
10"
@ ~
!\"
0 nlir/ewer/einHRcbzw.HI'
1;1£.. fierugeontei/e in %
III1 I III
Sekunden I I
100000
1
Minu/en
10 100
10
I
1000
,. 10000
1000
1 100
--Zeit .. Stunden
=
AC1 740°C
AC3 = 775°C
M s = 350°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, voll, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
748 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
X 45 NiCrMo 4
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.010% P -
LIVE GRAPH 0.016% S - 1.27% Cr - 0.16% Cu - 0.24% Mo - 4.03% Ni -
Click here to view 0.04% V Austenitized at 860°C (1680 0 F)
1000
Austenifisierungsfemperatur 86'0 DC
Haltedauer 15min, aufgeheizt in 3 min
900
800
AC7e
- -- , . ~
700
AI-H - P
AC7b
•
.-
i"'- r-
- --
-- .- -- -- -
'el
,.-
-,
- Zw
1--
~
..;.- -
~' ---- _.
300 I - - Mol'
r- I
¥7~ \
M
100
- --90
IT @)
o
1000 r-....,..--,-TO......- -,r-....,..--.-rr-,---,.--,--nr-....-r-:-:-:-:-----------:--....,..-T1
Ausfenitisierungstemperatur 880°C
Haltedauer 15 min, aufgeheizt in 3 min
1'-
\ \\
1\
M 1\
CCT
70 10'1
Sekunden
1 10 100 1000 10000
---Zelt-+- Minuten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
p Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1j 2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area-for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
AClb = 680°C
ACle = 750°C
Ms =
270°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 149
20 NiMoCr 6
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.15% Si - 0.015% P -
0.020% S - 0.015% Al - <0.0006% B - 0.47% Cr - 0.48% Mo -
1.68% Ni Austenitized at 870°C (1598°F)
1000,----,--,....,rr._____r--r-,.,-.------.-....-T""T....---,-,--..",-----,,---.,--rr-----------,
Ausfenifisierungsfemperu!uf' 810 0 C
Haltedouer 15 min
900 ~-1--_I_H_+-_+-+-+-++-_1_--1--H-I-___l-+-HH-___1I-----!-+I-+-.--___r--.rr-._____r___r_rl
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
1\
\1 \ ,~f\ r\ lw \
At 'f\ 1\\_~~-;--p,J_f----t-++---+-+il--t-----\:
\, I~
I\~
13 \
~';""._\1!-
1\ \1\ \ \ 1\ \
\ 1\ I\~ 1\
\
CCT ~~ ~
10
Zeit in s
AClb = 740°C
ACle =
760°C
AC3 = 820°C
M s = 416°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 2, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1972
Next Page
61 CrSiV 5
LIVE GRAPH Composition: 0.58% C - 0.81% Mn - 0.89% Si - 0.013% P -
Click here to view 0.006% S - 1.27% Cr - 0.14% Cu - 0.02% Mo - 0.06% Ni -
0.11% V Austenitized at 870°C (1598 0 F)
1000
Ausfenitisierungsfemperafur 870DC
Halfedauer1Smin, aufgeheizf inamin
900
ACre
800
Actb
700
F.. 1,..01--
-p -- I--
•
A'K ~~ I::.·. 9S~.~ ~
~ 600 'iO?
.5;
(
......
Zw
I--
e- '30..
~.-
- -- I-- .~
~
~'lO.
P-
~
70
"-
if.@
P
!§
..... r--, .~
300 - Ms
\
"' SO @~'
ZOO - 50.
M
100 - - .v
IT @
o
1000 r--r-r-rrr--r--,-TO-,---r-..-"..---r-:--:-""7:":"-:---:---:----:---rn
Ausfenifisierungsfemperafur 870 DC
Halfedauer 15min, aufDehe;zf in 3 min
BOO "
-- -
\
1\
A+K
\
e,
\
~ 5liOI--+---I--H+--TI--+-\t--kt--lrl'\-'r-I-TIf-+H-+---I--H\-t--I--+f-++t--t--lH-+t
'"
"'- 1\
l::. IJOO 1--+--t--H-+--tT--+-+-fl--T---t\:--\\-I\-if-\f-+--\+--t--H+-I---+-+-++-t-+---IH-+-t
~
\ \ \
1\ \ \
\
M \
CCT
10
Sekunden
1 10 100 1000 10000
---z elf--+- Atlnu/en
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
p Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1 i 2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
AClb = 745°C
ACle = 800°C
M s = 270°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
Previous Page
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 151
-
'100
f'+N
~
.!::
600
\
"
i' r-
r-- ~- --
~
:w~
"
300 - Als
/ ' Zw
351
7°1 ~
--
coo - -- so
'-- -- 90 At
100
IT @
o
AusfefllYisiel'Ungsfemperoful' 7030 0 C
(HoHedouel' 7Smin) oufllehe/zt in 3min
'100
1\ \
,\ \);' N
\
\\ ~ ¥o+\t-+-I~+--I---H-I
.... ~ 1\ ,~\
(\ \
j(f, P I
&>
\ \1\ \ e.l\ +H\ \
.!:: GOO 1--t---+-+-+-+-1..--1f----\l---l\-+++--l\--+I--+-+-I----f\----'\I-+-++--li,..:.:-:-\t--t--H-+-+----I--+-+-I
~ '\ \\ 1\ \1\ \ 1\ 1\ \
~ 5001--+--1-H-t----\lI--+-\t-t\l-----"\I---\-I-\-t-+-I--+-I--fl.--H-f+-If-I---t\-+1H-+-+-I--1-1-H
~
1\ \ 1\ \\
I!!! '/00 1--t---+-+-+-+----1f-\--t-+'H-+-+----IHH-I--t--+-+++-+-+-~F+--HII+--H----II+----I--+-+-I
\ \ \~ \
300 I - - Ms \ \ \' j..J rz~
_11'1 so
\ \1\ \ \ \
r-_
\
\' \ 1\\
700 1--t---+-+-++----li---+---t-;"*:-::;--+---'d---'l--+-I-\--+--l+-+-++--,;-;\~;;\\-~t+-l--1+--+--++-f
\ \ ~ 1\
RA >7 hl'>:.S h A IJ:
RA 01.70 1~~ 6-
CCT ll@ ~r~I~~I~~~~-eI~~ ~
70 70if
Sekunden
7 70 700 7000 70000
-Zeit---+- Uinufen
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1i2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
AClb 840°C=
ACle = 920°C
Ms =
275°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
752 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
4S CrMoV 6 7
Composition: 0.43% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.27 % Si - 0.011% P -
LIVE GRAPH 0.011% S - 1.31% Cr - 0.72% Mo - 0.11% Ni - 0.23% V
Click here to view Austenitised at 970 0C (1778 0F)
7000
Austenitisierungstemperatur 9700 C
(Halfedauer75 min) aufgeheizt in3 min
900
I/-
800
?OO
~
.~
s,
GOO
-
~ 500
~
s, .-_.>-
~ qOO
.~
I.;:: I
Ats
300
~ ~50"-'
BOO == ~9O
100
IT 0
~
100v
Austenitisierungstemperatur 1J?0oC
v
~ r--- r-, <, <, """"=::: ~ r-, rHalfedauer 15min) aufgeheizt in 3 min
-, -, <, i"--~ "'r--... -, -, <, AC1e
'\
81l<
'0\ A+I<\ \ \ -, \ \... ~),;: AC70
1\ \ ./ \ ~
sa'0 \ \
~+/( e-
\\
'75
'0
\ 1\ \ 1\ \\ \ X
8
( 1\1~( \
\ \ \1\ \ 1\\ \ \ \
\
'0
'01\ \ \ '\
'v ~ ~ 1\ 1\ -- \
\ \ \ \\ Zw \
Jfj'0
Ms
\ 301\ RG
1---
~- 1\
1---· \ \1 ':vz\ 1\ 15
sa0
\ \ A1
1\'1\1\ ')...,
\\ 1\
1~
\
- ~~
11 1\
100
CCT 0
1
~
10
~ IA~ h
~ ~ ~"'~
"'-" I"'" -.;J
I~~ ~o
I~ R,,~' I@
Sekunden
7 10 100 1000 10000'
---Zeit-+- Minuten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1i 2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
AClb =
746°C
ACle = 830 0C
Ms = 326 0C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle. vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf. Germany, 1964
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 753
StE 47 (Cu-Ni-V)
Composition: 0.12% C - 1.28% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.015% P -
LIVE GRAPH 0.016% S - 0.024% AI - 0.67% Cu - 0.62% Ni - 0.15% V
Click here to view Austenitized at 900°C (1652 0F)
1000r---r-,-,rrr-rr-r-rrr-rr-r-ror-rr-r-rrr-rr-r-ror------------,
Auslem?isierungslemperalur 9110 °C
Hal/edauer 7min
900I--+--Hf-+t--+-t-t-+t--+-+-f-t+--+-+-t-++--+-+-f-t+----,--T-TO,----r-,-,-rl
CCT
!~I@~I~
0'=---'-_.L-L...L:7--L._.L-L...L::':--L._-'--.L......L~-L.--'--L...L~-L.--'--.L......L=*r----'---'--_'__':;:!;;:----'---'-~
0,1 10 103 10~ 106'
lei? in s
ACI = 720°C
AC3 = 860°C
Ms = 476°C
StE 47 (Cu-Ni- Ti)
Composition: 0.12% C - 1.28% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.016% P -
LIVE GRAPH 0.016% S - 0.021% AI - 0.67% Cu - 0.62% Ni - 0.18% Ti
Click here to view Austenitized at 900°C (1652 0 F)
1000
Auslem?i'sierungslemperalur 900°C
Hal/edauer7 min
900
800
700
~ 600
1\
1 \8l
'\
89
1\90~9010
.s:; y,,. 1\
~ 500
\ ~~ 1\ 1\
~
~
~ '100
300
200
100
\ \ 1\ \ 1\ \ 1\ \ 1\ \ \
CCT
10 105
lei? in s
ACI = 726°C
AC3 = 876°C
M s = 475°C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 2, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1972
754 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
56 NiCrMoV 7
LIVE GRAPH Composition: 0.62% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.010% P -
Click here to view 0.010% S - 1.09% Cr - 0.43% Mo - 1.72% Ni - 0.14% V
Austenitized at 860 0C (1662 0 F)
1000r--r-,..-T"""T"'T"""--,---.--.,..,-,---,.....- , - , . - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - -.......,-,
Ausfenitisierungsfemperafur 850 0 c
(llalfedauer15min) aufgeheizf in 3 min
.!::
1/
~
~
-
~ 600 1--+-+-H+---t--+--+-t+-+---t-++-t~""""=:-k::-t-+~ou)f_:_;;=d_"T'1H_-t__t___T_ti
Zw
,. i-.
300f--- Ms
1'\
, \.
i/O
IT
1000r--r-,..-T"""T"'T"""---,.----r--.TT-"'T"""--,r"'"'"'T--..---r---..,....,....----------::--....."
Ausfenitisierungsfemperafur USDo C
(llalfedauer 75min) aufgeheizt in Smin
900
800
-.... "'"
" -, ACT
'100
\ A.,.H -
~ 600
.!::
... \ \\ \ \ \ 1\ 1\ \ \ \
..
{i500
\ \
'"~"" 1/00 1\
\
\
\
I;::
300 - Afs \ ,\ \ \ Zw \
\
\
zoo -. .- 1--•• -
\
100
CCT
10 10/
Sekunden ~I-----=;:--------:'::::-------:::':::::-----~o:
I I I I
1 10 100 1000 10000
-Zeit-----+- MinI/ten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1i 2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
AC1b = 710 0C
AC1e = 790 0C
Ms =
276 0C
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 155
X 30 WCrV 5 3
Composition: 0.28% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.020% P -
0.006% S - 2.36% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.06% Ni - 0.63% V - 4.10%
W Austenitized at 10900C (1994 0 F)
AusfemWsiel'ungslempel'olul' 1090 0 C
LIVE GRAPH (Holtedouel' 1Smin) ouliJeheizl in 3 mIn
Click here to view
ACle
/(
\ I-- AClb
V reB,
,1', - I~ ~
(+1(
~\.
1--""" I ~'(6il7,
~ I-
1001---+-+-+-I-I----I--+-+-++-+---+-++I--+--H-++--+-+-+-I+----1---1--+-t--l
AClb = 820 0C
IT ~
O~:...L...---L.-L.J...L.--JL---L-.L.l..L--L---IL.L-U._L----L...Ll....L.L.L_.L.l--l.JL-...L-L---LLI
ACle = 925 0C
lCO°r--r-r-lrrr---.-.---rr.----.-.---T""T-r--...------------"'T'"""r--.
Auslenllisiel'ungslempel'Olul' 7090° C Ms =
400°C
(Holtedouel' 7Smin) ouliJeheizl in .J mIn
r-fo.::
i'-... ~
~ 0.~ ~ I"
'f\!\ 1\ I( . \\ 1\ \
~
800
1\
\
\ \ 1\ \
\
\ ~ \\ /
7001--+\-+--H-ft---\-1I-\-+\-t-+t--\cf-'---IH-+Hr-+--\-+-H-+----II--:".j..""1I"HI--I----I-t-H
.... F+/( \ ..
.!;;
.~ BOO
\ \ \\ \ 1\
\
\
1/
\
1---+-\l-+-1-+---\-t\--t---PIt-t--J\----\H-++--++\-\f--H-\I--I--+-+-IH++----IH--t-1
50
1::i
~
1\ \ \ 1\ 1\ 1\
~ soo'I--+-t-\lr+t---tr---\-Hilcj;:~;;\+++=+9=l\:;;;j::t:fl=-t--+-j-I\t---tlI--j-ffi
\
~
1\
\
Ate
1\ I/~ !\: \ , 1\ \
Zw \
,
1\
\
CCT ~
10
Sekunden I I I
10 100 1000 10000
Minu~ , I , Stunden
A +K Area for austenite and carbides 10 100
K Area for carbide formation --- Z ei I ~ Area for ferrite formation
P Area for pearlite formation F +K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
o Hardness in HV Z Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 10Z 10% Cementite
M Area for martensite formation 1;2 (refers to numbers on curves)
RA Residual austenite proportion of structure formed, in percent
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
156 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
X 30 WCrV 9 3
LIVE GRAPH Composition: 0.28% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.008% P -
Click here to view 0.004% S - 2.67% Cr - 0.03% Mo - 0.04% Ni - 0.35% V - 8.88%
W Austenitized at 1120 0C (2048 0 F )
tsarJ
Auslenillslef'ungslempef'oluf' 7720 0 C
(Holledouef' 75min) outgenelzlin 'I min
710 o -
700.'0
ACTe
90,'0
80.'0
s-« \ f{
- I- ACTb
--
/'
~~
Flo/{
1\ <,
~ 700 0
.", 1\
1\
1\
r-
- ~
~
. .- _
1\ I/li;l,
300 ~ =90
AI
flOO
700
IT o
[5ry AC1b = 820°C
7flOOr---'-~T"l..,----,r---'-'-TT--.-----r---.-.-r---.--------------."
AC1e = 925°C
Auslenillsief'ungslempef'Oluf' 7720 0 C =
Me 420°C
(Hulledouef' 75min) outgene/dln 'I min
.- .-
","'\ ACTe
\ _J-'U..!~+ftt1':4C:'J
\
\ \ "K 1\ \ f{
\ ACTb
1\ \ 1\ \ \\ \ \\ 97
\
\ \ \\ \ ~rf
\
\ -- --
\ \ \ 1\\
\
\ 1\ 1\ \
\ \
\
,
\ I \
I\~\ Zw e
.. r-'t'- £
1\ 71 Jl:---
\ \
\ \M \ 1\ ~- -- -- '-
l\n~
\ \
\ \ NA >1 ~70 \ \HA >TO NA <7
CCT
10
~ ~ 7~ ~~e~
Sekunden
TO 700 TOOO TOOOO
A +KArea for austenite and carbides Irtinulen I I
K Area for carbide formation TO 700
---Ze/I--...
P Area for pearlite formation
o Hardness in HV F +K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) Z Cementite
M Area for martensite formation 10Z 10% Cementite
RA Residual austenite 1i2 (refers to numbers on curves)
F Area for ferrite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 157
X 210 CrW 12
Composition: 2.19% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.027% P -
0.008% S - 11.75% Cr - 0.12% Cu - 0.12% Mo - 0.08% Ni -
0.08% V - 0.84% W Austenitized at 970°C (1778 0 F)
1000
Austeniti~run9stemperatur 970 0 e
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view 900 R f'::
r-.. r-::: r.::::::: I'- r-, t>-
t-.I:;:
r-, 7fii71eiJriuer 1.[min, aufgeheizt in J min
<;
\ f'.
r-, I~ ,""f)-
r-, 1\ 1\
, ~ AC16
800
A+H
I'
k
}to
\ \ 1\ "
\ " ~ I?,!!f!.
- - ,100
"" , "'fl2. ~tl AC1b
'100
~ 600
/ H
1\ 1\ 1\ IXI\P ~ 1\ I.,
1\
1\
.5;
... t\ 1\ 1\1\ \ Iv ~~ 1\ \, 1\ 1\
-tfu 500
\
~
~ 1100
\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\,."\' 1\ \
\\ l(\Z~1 ,\ \ \\
I::::
300
1\
zoo Mol'
\ \ 1\ \ i\. ~ ....
3-\ \ \
.. - . ..- 1-"
100
f-
M
~.
~ @ §~RA~
rOlill
CCT o
~ 9'f, 67~ ~ (~~ ~@
1 10
Sekunden
1 10 100 10110 10000
---Zeit---+- Minuten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in H'v lOZ 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite tormation) 1i 2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
AClb = 770°C
ACle = 810°C
M s = 180°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
758 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
60 WCrV 7
Composition: 0.65% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.94% Si - 0.016% P -
LIVE GRAPH 0.012% S - 1.27% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.12% Ni - 0.18% V - 2.10%
Click here to view
W Austenitized at 880°C (1616 0 F )
1000
Ausfenifisierungsfemperafur 880 0 C
(lfalfedauer 75 min) aufgeheizf in3 min
900
~le
800 AC11J -
~~
·66~
\F'" S5~¥5C ....
700
A+K Pi'" ..... ·G~
........ ~3
V " -.. .......
~
I .-..
I-..
- @
.-'
.v'''' ZW -' ~: ~
73
c;.:i
\ I(50
'-'
300
Afs I' .~~ ......
I - - 1-50 1-. ..- ..-r>.
t""- j-.. '!:J
zoo F= 1-90
M
100
IT 1(G7q
o
Ausfenitisierungsfemperafur 880 0 C
(Halfedauer 75min) aufgeheizf in 5 min
r-. - ACle
I"- <, AC71J1-
\
t..
1\ 1\
li 5001--l--~II-I-l-.J...--:I,....j...-+-\l--f>,l----\-tI..---\-M-+-4't''-\+-I-\-I-+-\'-+-+-IH-+\--+--t-t+i
n
~
~ "ool---I---I--\lf-+-I---l\-+-l-l-l--\-~\--\Hf--tlt--+--\\-HI-++-*-HI-\t-t-1r+-t-H-1
~
\\ 1\
\ \
\
CCT
10 10'
Sekunden
1 10 100 1000 10000
-Zeit--+- Minuten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar euteetoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1i 2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
AClb =
776°C
ACle = 830°C
Ms = 310°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 159
45 CrVMoW 58
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.45% Mn - 0.58% Si - 0.018% P -
LIVE GRAPH 0.003% S - 1.45% Cr - 0.47% Mo - 0.13% Ni - 0.70% V - 0.55%
Click here to view W Austenitized at 1050 0C (1922 0 F)
1000
Austenitisierungstemperatur 70500 C
(naltedauerlSmin) aufgeheizt in3 min
900
A~/( ACTe
-
800
- --....----
6J P 'C.I P
""'"
i_
-I--
..
;1
/
Irfs ,..- 1j9,~
{
¥O~
Zf<I 85( ~
I'-'"
i'
JOO 1= =50
I - - -90
M
coo
100 -
IT o~
"~~
I"\- A~/(\
1\\ vs
\\ 1\ \1\
\ 1\ \
\ \ M
1\ \ \
\ \
CCT ~
10 10il 10¥
Sekunden
10 TOO 1000 10000
---Zeit ~ Minuten
A+K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1;2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
ACIb = 790°C
ACle =
900°C
Ms =
360°C
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
760 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
AC~
1/ Austenifisierungstemperotur 7C30oC
Tuuchzeit 730s(Vorwormun!l: 20min BSOOe)
LIVE GRAPH 900
Click here to view
800
\
\ H
(; I---'( ;:: ~
-- -.
ri:: ~ §
..:':== ~ - At;/)
,
- --
700 ...... .....-::: ~ :::,. 398
~~
~ 600
~ ..
'"" ..... ......
-'=-
5 - 50' '0
.!::
s,
A40H ~ . 1--
AClb = 810°C
~ 500 ACle = 860°C
~ Ms = 160°C
~ 1/00 Ijit r-
" ~ ";;
300
Zw
... -
,- - - -- ---
~L--
zoo.. Ms
<,
1"-.. ... ..'. "', .83 --
<:"
r-- "5
- II - -
"90
-50
fJ'/9
~-
M
100
-- 50
IT o~ 85
7 W WZ
Sekunden ~I
1
----:!:;--
10
I ---:::=-
100
I --:~;-----~;;;;
I
1000
I
70000
- - - Z eit--+- Minuten
D
Composition: 0.87% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.020% P -
0.005% S - 3.99% Cr - 0.80% Mo - 0.11% Ni - 2.52% V -
11.91% W Austenitized at 12100C (2210 0 F )
1000
Austenifisierungstemperotur 7810 0C
LIVE GRAPH
900
Touchzeit 180S(Vof'wii"mun!l: 80min BSODe) AC1e .1
Click here to view
1 1.4~/)
-
-- -- ~ 'f'l'l I~
800
f( l - f-
--
I( p c ( c'" .:nll
700 ...
r- ~
...:::.: -- ... -
I-~
" " ~
~
51G)
r'-,
~
.!::
600
.. of
r-
so-$,
- -
....... AClb = 825°C
~ 500 "'- ACle = 890°C
~ A40f(
~ Ms = 205°C
~ 1100 ~
1(,911
G r-
0..;:
., -' ~
,- --- =r-t=
- - - --
300
\ Zw',
r-......
1"'. ...
~~; --~~ -- -- --
Ms "', .. 8911
zoo
Nt "" s :w~
100 --- --
50
IT o~ -- 1,90
1 10 1flZ 10" TOG
Sekunden ~'--------:!:;--------:::=-------:;;:n;,-----~:;;;;
I I I I
1 10 100 1000 10000
-Zeit--+- Minuten
A +K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1i2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
SOURCE: Atlas zur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1954
Atlas of TIme-Temperature Diagrams 161
D Mo 5
Composition: 0.86% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.016% P -
0.010% S - 4.16% Cr - 4.79% Mo - 0.18% Ni - 2.01% V - 6.34%
W Austenitized at 1190 0C (2174 0 F )
1000 r--y-.,.-"..,.----,r---r-rrr-.,.-----r-.....,r--,---------------r-r1
Austenitisierungstemperotur 11900C I
LIVE GRAPH Tauchzeit 120s(Vorwlirmung:20min B50 0C) )
Click here to view c'e
W.
700
AC1b = 820°C
1--
=
AC1e 876°C
a: Ms = 196°C
~
_. 1-. .- ._.-
~-- - 1-.
zoo Ms
M
100 - -- 50
IT ~-- ,90
O'-=:..I....----':.:....L....L.J_..J---L--I.....L..J.._..l---I......L.LL----JL-....L....L.J....L..--L_..L-Ll.L-....L_LJ....L..J
1 W WZ 10"
Sekunden !-' ~=-------::-!-=-----::!::-::--
I I I ---::=!:=-
I
1 10 100 1000 10000
---Zeit----+ Minuten
700
' ........"-
~ 600
.5:;
s,
~ 500
~ IA+/{
,...
-. -I-
AC1b = 820°C
AC1e = 866°C
Ms = 180°C
s,
~ qOO 1--+-t-l-++-t--++-I+--l--~+lf-+-_++I-+-1-+_t+_\_~"8z}
'i
" _1--1- 1-. !--
300
ZOO Ms
M
100 50
0~
IT - - 85
1 10 10Z
Sekunden I
1 10 100 1000 10000
-Zeit~ Minuten
A +K Area for austenite and carbides F Area for ferrite formation
K Area for carbide formation F+K Area of nonlamellar eutectoids
P Area for pearlite formation Z Cementite
o Hardness in HV 10Z 10% Cementite
Zw Area for intermediate structure (bainite formation) 1i 2 (refers to numbers on curves)
M Area for martensite formation proportion of structure formed, in percent
RA Residual austenite
SOURCE: Atlas sur Warmebehandlung der Stahle, vol 1, Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1964
French Steels
I-T and CCT Diagrams
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 165
XC 32 Steel XC 38 Steel
Composition: 0.35% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.018% S - Composition: 0.36% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.016% S -
0.011% P - 0.31% Ni - 0.12% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.14% Cu Grain 0.020% P - 0.02% Ni - 0.21% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.22% Cu -
size: 10 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min 0.060% Al Grain size: 10-11 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for
900
Ih
900
~~
f-
r-, ~
~
800
Ac, ,\ ~ ~ ~ F \"
- - f-- - f-- Ac, I - f- - - -- I--
-; -z-
V
-
700
;:;.. ~ -
~-
\
r\ ¥ ~
/~ 700
/' A e-
_/
~ 'A ~F +C
A
5 60 :,...-
/ ,;-
92 HR8
:1
600
~
c 500
~
I/(
\ \
\ 600
// {
',j A,
93
92
e
~ \1\ 1\ 1\
\ \ I I
I
I
I
98
97
~ 400 I
~ \
I~ I-
M,
cejcule
300
1\\ \\ \ \ 300
A+M "' - f- I - f- I-- .- - f--
46,6 HRC
200
\\ \ 1\ 1\ \\ 1\ 200
100
\\
\ 11 \
\ 100
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
XC 42 Steel
Composition: 0.45% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.025% S - Composition: 0.44% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.028% S -
0.015% P - 0.12% Ni - 0.05% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.13% Cu Grain 0.038% P - 0.09% Ni - 0.16% Cr - 0.02% Mo Grain size: 10
size: 9-10 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0 F) for 30 min
900 - 900
-
Ac, I- f-- P" - -- - - I-- '\ -
700
./
;;;;....
-""-
- Ac,
700
I--
A AF
V , /I....- V A
,~ 'A ~F\ \...... f.} ~ ~A tF C
- - --...-
",...-
93 HR! ~
600
/ / ./
./
97 600
~
~
~ 600
l
/
/~, O\tF
/
Ig.'
1/ 99
22 HRI Ii 600
I
~ <0'
I \ '\ \ 1\
\
\\ 1\ \\ \ \
I
~
~
I ~
~
"ll
E 400
l ~ 400
~
M,
300
- 1'. l-r- - - - - 1 - - l- I-- f -
~
Ms
300
- -
A +
- - .\ .\ \ ,\ \
\\ \\ \
A M to-
1\
\\ \ l\
200 200
\
100 LIVE GRAPH 100
Click here to view \ 1\
HRCI 2825 220 215200195 IHV
60
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 10' 10' lOS 1 2 5 10 20 60 tOO 200 600 10' 104 10'
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h 1mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aders de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
166 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
XC 55 Steel
Composition: 0.53% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.62% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.017% S -
0.020% P - 0.24% Ni - 0.09% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.52% Cu - 0.020% P - 0.06% Ni - <0.04% Cr - <0.06% Mo Grain size: 9
<0.03% V Grain size: 11 Austenitized at 826°C (1520 0F) for 16 Austenitized at 830°C (1626°F) for 30 min
min
900 900
!s
a:
.-:::::
800
1 800
~
<, <: <, r-,
~ - - -I--
--
- -- - --
~
A,s
- - - f-- - ! - - -
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k, 1- - - - - -I-
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700 ;;<
-:::- ---
700
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A
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/
,
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l 31
f
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33
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---' f-- I---
<,
41
calcul6
300
- 1\
\
200
+~
200
1\ 1\ 1\ 1\
100 100
\
\
\\ \ \
63
HRC 30 27 22 239 216 203 199 I HV
10" lOS 1261020 50 100 200 500 10 ' 104 1()f
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 600 10)
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I Temps en seoondes I I I I I I I r
Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h CCT 1mn 2mn Il5mn
-
k, ~ ~ - 1= k, I -I--- I-- - I -I -
700
--1--:-
-' l.------- ---
700
1\ 1\ I~ V ~ ~
A
~ .,., \ 1\ k
/:. ~
20HRC
V
600 21 600
~
/
I
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V 30
~
\ ~ ~~ J00\ 1\ I
~500 33 ~ 500
1\ I!A\ .C ~51\
e
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I
\
36
.ll
f
il ~ !\
\
i 400
,
r 400
1'. , , 15\ \
<,
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~
300
<,
, ,
......
, ,
"
......
...... ......
I·< ,
...... 300
\
\ \ \
\ \~. \ \ \
\
M, - - - - L, i- - I"- ' -
"
.:>...
--.- :-"., - - - I--
58 M,
200
At'.M
200
100
A+M
100
\ \ !\\' \ !\
\ \ \
66
:IHRC 6' 63,5503835 32 29
1 '2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 101 10' 105 1 2 6 10 20 50 100 200 600 103 10" 105
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I
IT 1mn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h Imn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aders de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 167
55 S 7 Steel
Composition: 0.55% C - 0.61% Mn - 1.68% Si - 0.014% S - Composition: 0.55% C - 0.61% Mn - 1.68% Si - 0.014% S -
0.012% P - 0.19% Ni - 0.05% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.20% Cu - trace 0.012% P - 0.19% Ni - 0.05% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.20% Cu - trace
V - 0.05% Ti Grain size: 11 Austenitized at 925°C (1700 0F) for V Grain size: 11 Austenitized at 925°C (1700 0F)
15 min
900
-,
~ 1\b ~ f\~ - ~
900
-
-1- - - 1- - - f- I-- l- I-- - I- JE Ac,
BOO 1\
I- -I-- ~ I - t- I--
-- - - I-
V l- I- - f- - I- f- I-- 6 Ac, I -
~~ I\A " \ \ I- It;;F I-
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-r
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~
~ 700
f\ 1\ -- -1
l- u-
700
V /,
V
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.:
/
V-
V 20 HRC
600
1\\ ~ 'f( f\1 ~
p liO\ A+ F+ C
\ :d .\ ~
600 29.6
i I
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\
, 30
~
s 600
1\ 1\
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29
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•
ae
./1
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.... ..:.
,
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400 38.6
....
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i 46.6
300
- 60.6 300
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- - -- 1\
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200 200
,00 100
1\\ \ >; 1\
\
63 IHRC 62 59 44 32 29 25 21
0
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 10] 10' lOS 104 IDS
1 2 6 10 20 60 '00 200 600 10)
Temps en secondes I J I I I I J J I I I I I I I I
IT Imn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h CCT Temps en secondes
lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
lmn 2mn 16mn
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view 35 M 5 Steel
Composition: 0.33% C - 1.12% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.027% S - Composition: 0.33% C - 1.12% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.027% S -
0.018% P - 0.24% Ni - 0.11% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.19% Cu - 0.018% P - 0.24% Ni - 0.11% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.19% Cu -
0.010% AI Grain size: 8-9 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 1 0.010% AI Grain size: 8-9 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 1
h h
LIVE GRAPH 900
900 Click here to view
Ac,\,-= :::::::: r-... I::::::::: r-...- <, --... r-,
:'\ -,
BOO
BOO
-, -, 1\ <,
Ac,
Ac, I -l - t-- - I - L..- - I- I-- l - I-- I - Ac, ~ 1\-
1\ 1\ 1\ \ 1\II: l-
- --
I--
700
- -
700
-- -6
~ 5\
V A\
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V 94 600
1\ 6 ~ If.~ ~
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I~ 1\ ~ r\ .\
"a
98
~
~
600
1\ ~ 600
~ V
•a
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I
I Ir 27 HRC ae•
I....
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\ \
400
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400
I/A 1\( \
li ~"\ !\
I
....
M,
j
1-
" ~ .- f- M,
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"M
21
-
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U\
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300
AM
, ,
M"
200
1\ 1\ 1\
200
\
100
100
1\
\1\ 1\ l\ \
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformesion des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
168 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
45 M 5 Steel
Composition: 0.47% C - 1.37% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.025% S - Composition: 0.47% C - 1.37% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.025% S -
0.015% P - 0.02% Ni - 0.15% Cr - 0.19% Cu Grain size: 11-12 0.016% P - 0.02% Ni - 0.15% Cr - 0.19% Cu Grain size: 11-12
Austenitized at 875°C (1610 0F) for 30 min Austenitized at 876°C (1610 0F) for 30 min
900 900
~ r--.
8
a: I=:: f::::: ~
<,
~
~ 1'\
f':::
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BOO BOO
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'\1'\\ I\: I- e- ~ I- - f--
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Ac, I-- I - t- t- f-- - f-- - Ac, 1-
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50 300
1\ \
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HRC 57 ~9 ~8 35 28 27 26 22 211
52
T
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10' 10" 105 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 IOJ ,()4 IDS
Temps en seoondes I I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h lmn 2mn 16mn 1h 2h 4h 8h 24h
i\ ~
-,
\ 1\\ -,
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t\ I - ~ I- ~ I--' '\ \-
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88.
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1\
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~
It
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~
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~
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/
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1\
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4DO
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1\\
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\
1\\ 1\ 1\ \1\ . lli tiY
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\ \ ,\
49 rHR< ~6 36 31 25 22 18 11219 213 20~HVI
I I I I I I
1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 103 10' lOS 10' lOS
1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 103
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
IT 1mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h CCT Temps en secondes
lmn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
10 N 14 Steel
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.44% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.007% S - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.44% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.007% S -
0.010% P - 3.47% Ni - 0.10% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.16% Cu - 0.010% P - 3.47% Ni - 0.10% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.16% Cu Grain
0.007% Al Grain size: 10 Austenitized at 900°C (1662 0F) for 30 size: 10 Austenitized at 900°C (1662 0F) for 80 min
min 900
r---:;: r-.
~ I\. ~
900
<, r-,
Ac, r-, -f- f- -I--
I-'
Ac,
- 1- - f-- - - f- - -f- f- - - - 800
\
\~ \
900
700 \ 1\...-
11
r ::::::: - r- 1 -
.~ - - -
,
.1
- ~
700
- - .- l- V- - - - - .- Ac, I--
~ P\
Ac, 1- -r-- f- A \
A V f- -- J: -t.F
1./ ..-
/
600
\
~-\C
600
~/
,A, t
/
F ~
~ \, 1\
~ tC ~600
I-"
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:\
:T"" ~ s~ ~
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A I~ C.... ~ .....
100
~ rt \7
~ " M,
~ Ms
- ...... f-" f-- f- ~
f- f- - . - .- 93HRB
~ \
l{!. E 400
r-\,
400 98,8
N
\
~ M50 A M
A M
1\ 1\
\\ 1\ 1\'
300 300
200 200 1\ \
\ \
100 100
1\ \ 1\ 1\
\ \
HRCI 33 28 23 245 219 HV 182
38 HRC
I 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 IOJ 10' 101 I 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 500 la' 104 10'
Temps en seccndes I I I I I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h CCT lmn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view Z 10 N 5 Steel
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.011% S - Composition: 0.10% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.011% S -
0.026% P - 5.00% Ni - 0.23% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.14% Cu Grain 0.026% P - 6.00% Ni - 0.23% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.14% Cu Grain
size: 10 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min size: 9 Austenitized at 850°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
900 900
~
~
900
-s I::::--... r-::::: t--: ............... ......... ~
~ 800
- f - - I-- - .'\ P\ ~ ~ - - .-
~
Ac, f - - f- - - 6 1--'\ f-\ ~ ~ ,~
r\ \ r\ \ ~
i-- i-- f- f- Ac, i--
- ~
\\ -\ F\ \ \
,/ AtF
- - -
~
~600
A/
(/ , ..-
-
- -
~
s 600
A
\ At
~
}
~
l~
A F 'c
1- ~ - - _..... f- - - - 24 HRC
~
iE M,
.- - -- II ~ 1\ \ \
p~ \ IV 1
1\
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-~ ~+ Ft(
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M"
~+M _\ \1 '\ Th\ --\ b--\ \ \\io
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1
300
300
\ \ \ \
200
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view 200
\ 1\ \ 1\ \\ 1\\ ~V 213 201
100
100
\' \ \1\\ \1\ \ \
\\ \
40
HRcI39 37 33 27 26 1231 225 214 HV
o
1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 500 10' 10' 10'
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 10) 104 lOS
IT lmn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4 h 8h 24h
I I I I I I I I
CCT Temps en secondes
1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
Z 10 N 9 Steel
Composition: 0.09% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.008% S - Composition: 0.09% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.008% S -
0.010% P - 9.00% Ni - 0.06% Cr - 0.03% Mo - 0.13% Cu - 0.010% P - 9.00% Ni - 0.05% Cr - 0.03% Mo - 0.13% Cu -
0.012% AI Grain size: 11-12 Austenitized at 790°C (1464 0F) for 0.012% AI Grain size: 11-12 Austenitized at 790°C (1464 0 F) for
30 min 30 min
900 900
800
Ac,
700 - ._f- >-- 1->- - - - -f- - -- - -
800
Ac,
700
--
b ---- ~
v-r-
-~
\.-
r--..
~
<,
~ -
<,
<,
~
~ l - i--
\ 1\
1\1\ \
\ \
600
600
\ \ ~
~ r\ -~ - -~ ,...
\
~ Ac.
~600
- I-i-
A
l - I -i-- l- I- - f-- -
~
Ac,
600
I- - .~ -- - ~ - -
e
:---- ~
V \
~
t400
0"-
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AtF
- f- - I~ -+- f--r= -
t
~
1j
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A F\ c
lK'1\\\ <,
- ,\' ~
C
M,
300
I--
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- - - 0"-
Ms
\ \ \\ <,
, 10 16 6~
rt\ l
300
-- - - --- -- ~
\" 1\ \
M..
AtM
200
200
1\ 1\
\ \
\ \
100
1\
100
1\
42 HRC
HRCI41.5 42 42 4O 40 38
1 2 6 10 20 50 100 200 600 10) 104 lOS
0
I
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I 50 100 200 600 103 10' 10'
1 2 5 10 20
IT lmn 2m" 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
I I I I I I I I
CCT Temps en secondes
lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
1mn 2mn 15mn
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view 32 C 4 Steel
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.32% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.010% S -
0.021% P - 0.26% Ni - 1.08% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.17% Cu Grain 0.021% P - 0.26% Ni - 1.08% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.17% Cu Grain
size: 10-11 Austenitized at 850°C (1662 0F) for 30 min size: 10-11 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0 F) for 30 min
900
Ac, - f- f-- - - f - - - - c-
-
800
- -
-- -- - --
f-- I - I--
Ac, I - -f--
",..,
::;:::.- -::: --- 86HRB
700 ..-
AV A~ -t; ~ (
.......
f
-
92
-- -- - -
I 99
600 ,
l .........
" ::::::
/' -, 23 HRC
~ / /'>- r- ~
600
....... ~ 1-t-t----JV?-t-I--'/---:;\I"'Pt-----l'r-+t+--t\-t--t--+-t---t---l
-
500
~?
/
e
~
i l I
I
f
i--
'-'- - ;:
0"-
400
Ms i vI-"" 33
43
300
A+M
LIVE GRAPH AM
Click here to view
200
100
55
IHRC 50 4538 3111224193182171176 HVI
1251020 50 100 200 600 10J 104 105 1261020 60 100 200 500 10J 104 105
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h lmn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aders de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
At/as of Time-Temperature Diagrams /77
38 C 4 Steel
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.38% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.010% S -
0.023% P - 0.26% Ni - 0.90% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.17% Cu Grain 0.023% P - 0.26% Ni - 0.90% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.17% Cu Grain
size: 9-10 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min size: 9 Austenitized at 880°C (1616 0F) for 30 min
900 900
Ac,
1g
<r Ac,
~
'\:,.
~ -,
~ 0- I":
~
---- ~
I----- <, --- 1"--...::".
800
Ac, ~ -r: f-- - I - f-- -
j
0
800
---
7"" r-t- Ac,
V l - I-- '\ l\' 1-\
\ l('" ":\ 1\ - '\
700 83 HRB 700
- 55
V
I( ....... ~ io-"'" \
A
II I
\
.>
92
\ '\ 0 f t .---\ -\ ~ '\ '\
./ V \ F C
1\ ~ \ \\
'-1 I--I - N
b~)
A +10 ~)C 27
~
g600
i i
f'
~
,
.:
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37
~
e
a
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500
\ I "'
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,
1\
400
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~
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300
\ -
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60
~
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300
1\
\ \ 1\ \1 I <Ill 5 ~ 1~5
200
A M
200
\ ~+
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100 100
1\
\
\\ \\\
,\ 1\
1\ \
59
HRC 155 53 52,5 41.5 34 27 24216 195 HV
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 10) 104 lOS I 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 10] 10" 10'
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I r I I I I
IT 1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h lmn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
LIVE GRAPH 42 C 4 Steel
Click here to view
Composition: 0.44% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.81% Si - 0.018% S - Composition: 0.44% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.013% S -
0.030% P - 0.46% Ni - 0.96% Cr - 0.05% Mo - 0.18% Cu Grain 0.030% P - 0.46% Ni - 0.96% Cr - 0.05% Mo - 0.18% Cu Grain
size: 9 Austenitized at 850°C (1562~) for 80 min size: 9 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min
900
- ,- f--
-
-
800 c---
Ac,
- I-- - :::..l - -::::"f-
Ac,
700
--
A
-f-
V I-
I---'
--
600 30 600
' ...... I"-
~
Ii~ ~ A+~
~....
' ......
...,
r-.......
r- I-- r- 32
1\
g500
V :..... - i- \
~
( - .-A I- --
--
~ { F (
~ 400
~ \ I
\
\
M,
\ - \ ,.- 43
200
M..
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aeiers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Next Page
100 C 6 Steel
Composition: 1.00% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.030% S - Composition: 1.00% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.030% S -
0.013% P - 0.21% Ni - 1.71% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.14% Cu - 0.013% P - 0.21% Ni - 1.71% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.14% Cu -
0.010% V - 0.02% Ti Grain size: 7-8 Austenitized at 850°C 0.010% V - 0.02% Ti Grain size: 7-8 Austenitized at 850°C
(1562°F) for 30 min (1562 0F) for 30 min
900
900
/ ,,
i\ "
600 37
600
,\
I
t c
, r-,r-
F +C\ I---
,,
I
42
34.5 \ 0I">
~5 c \\
1\ \\ \
/11 \ \\
\
-,
.
,,
,
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38
~.\
\ \
300
.......
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47
53
300 \\\ l\ \!\ 1\ \
r- "
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l\ 1\\ \
Ms ~ f--
.,
-- ~ f-- r- 60
Ms
\
16
200 \ 10\ \l.'o. \
200
-- A
100
A c. M M..
100
- -
c» ~
~ 5\ \ \l\l\ \
M..
66 IHRC 66.5 65 63 44 36 312928 22112381H IVI
LIVE GRAPH
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Click here to view Z 40 C 14 Steel
Composition: 0.42% C - 0.16% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.049% S - Composition: 0.42% C - 0.16% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.049% S -
0.042% P - 0.27% Ni - 13.40% Cr - 0.08% Cu Grain size: 6-7 0.042% P - 0.27% Ni - 13.40% Cr - 0.08% Cu Grain size: 6-7
Austenitized at 10000C (1832 0F) for 10 min Austenitized at 1000 0C (1832 0F) for 10 min
900
]g 900
\ \\ \ \ 1\\ \\
1\
A., l - i - r-r- - 1- -f- =:
0:
'S
e
A.,
1\ \
I-- - -
800 ,..-
- ~ ,..-
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BOO
~ I- , / s \
700
A.c I
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V
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I
,
,
I
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91 700
A+
:\ \\ / ~\r ~~
~
/
/
\1\ \ 1\ \ t c. ti
C \ \
... <, r-, 96
I'....
- ...... 20HRC I
600
r--- r-
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" 600
~, ~ ~5
\ \
I--
?
c 500
1\ 1\\ 1\ \
\ 1\ \\ \.b
~
e
a
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1\ 1\
\ \ ~\
\ y \~
~
300 I
\ cl.F.
M, - I - f- I-- I-- - .- f- t--- -I- - .- 300 I
I
Ms
\ 1\ r 't_ to,
A+c eM I
M..
200 -
~-
100
200
M..
lOll
- Ac+ M--
\- 1\ 1\ -\ \1\ I\~
\
56
HRCI 57 56 54 53 34 311 'f2-ii1- I--
lw
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 10J 104 101
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT lh 2h 4h 8h 24h 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 10) 104 105
Imn 2mn 15mn
CCT Temps en seccndes I I I I I I I I
lmn 2mn 16mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
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Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aden de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Previous Page
60 SC 7 Steel
Composition: 0.56% C - 0.88% Mn - 1.52% Si - 0.006% S - Composition: 0.64% C - 0.74% Mn - 1.61% Si - 0.020% S -
0.032% P - 0.07% Ni - 0.74% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.03% Cu Grain 0.016% P - 0.07% Ni - 0.61% Cr - 0.10% Cu Grain size: 10
size: 9 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
900 900
-
Ac. f..-
700
....E:- 1--1-
VA ~
A
V- 36 HAC
600
~+ 39
I...... ,
~ l"- t:: t::--
~
~ 500
l- I::>- t::::-- t::- r-. 42
39
i> A F -, i""'-
e "'b:, r-, r-,
j~
~ 35 e
I- _1----'" " ~
} 400
1 400 1-+_+____J..._-I-+---P-.l+I\--III-\-\~I+_+_+-I--+_+____J..._~
I"- \ A F+ I"-
-, , 43
200
I>. 1M
100
63
HRCr 64.5 64 ... 63,}O•• 7 31
3"
1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 500 10) 10' 10'
I II T I
IT Temps en seccndes I I I I I I I I 1 2 6 10 20 50 100 200 500 10) 10' 10'
Imn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
CCT Temps en seoondes 1 I 1 I 1 I I I
lmn 2mn 16mn 1h 2h 4h Sh 24 h
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view
40 CV 5 Steel
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.41% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.38% C - 0.41% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.010% S -
0.013% P - 0.03% Ni - 1.29% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.06% Cu - 0.013% P - 0.03% Ni - 1.29% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.05% Cu -
0.120% V Grain size: 9-10 Austenitized at 925°C (1700 0F) for 0.120% V Grain size: 9-10 Austenitized at 925°C (1700 0F) for
30 min 30 min
900
900
~
~~
18
Ac, 1- +- I-- l-r- - ' - I- ,-
a:
Ac,
'" ~ 1\
1.\ 1'\ 1\
- I- ~ - I-- I-- l - I--
~ soo
800
Ac, I- f- -
A
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- l- f- - I-- 5 Ac, 1\\
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- .-
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I/ V , I--"
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/I(l~ ,, 24 HRC
\.
<, - , I"'---
26
.......
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600 600
~\ \1\ \ 1\ 1\
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5
t---
t> " A +F + ( r-, r--
32
~ 29 ~ I - .L
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/.
~ 600
V I..-
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31
39,6
e
ae
'll 1\ 1\ KA F+ ~\ 1\ \\
M,
300
I-- I - - D I - -..l. I--
, f) ,-
45,6
E 400
I"-
M,
\\ ~ \l\:~
\ -
300
\~- 1\- ~ ~ ~\
A M VI+M 3
M.. - - -- --
200
200
1\
\
1\\ \ ~'1\
\
100
100
\ \ \
56.6 HRC 5959 57 56 5247 31 24
1261020 60 100 200 600 10) 104 10 J
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 500 10l 104 lOS
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h
CCT Temps en secondes I 1 1 I 1 I 1 1
lmn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h Sh 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974 Click here to view
174 ArIas of TIme-Temperature DIagrams
50 CV 4 Steel
Composition: 0.53% e-
0.81% Mn - 0.27% 5i - 0.016% 5 - Composition: 0.53% C - 0.81% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.016% 5 -
0.024% P - 0.07% Ni - 1.09% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.11% Cu - 0.024% P - 0.07% Ni - 1.09% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.11% Cu -
0.100% V Grain size: 9 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 0.100% V Grain size: 9 Austenitized at 850°C (1562OF) for 30
min min
900 900
At
BOO
700
~
,-
A
I- -
V ~
:..-
~
f-
> -
-- l- - --
90HRB
At,
700
-,
~ ~ r--": r-, ~ r-,
""" 0-1'\
f\ A\I\
." \, '\ "-,
\ IV- ~! ~
.-, r--.
<, ['\,
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"", .
- ~
~, K
~
, \ !;Ill tAo ~ A+ F+ C
1\\ 1\
.-z;
~
20 HRC
~+ \ 1\
-- -- - \
30 1\ ~2 I(
600
\ \l\1\ ~ ,1\ \\
600
.... i'-
" ........
",, r--. -.. 'l3 \
I~ \ r-- ~ t---,
~ \
~ 600
, -- -
( I
I
\
-
A F C .- -..... r-
~ ;- 30
34
~
~
.£
~400
1\1\ I~
\ \' \A +
1is fiii
~ ""-'-
\ /'
"
\
300
M , -I - - l- f- I'-- ..... f- - - f- e--- i - 50 300
A+M
M,
M"
A M
-- 1\ _\ ~ \ ~ \\
\\
200 200
\
100
M..
100
r--
1\\ 1\\ \\
\ \
\1\ 1\ \\
61,6
IHRC 60 58 57 50 3633 2211220215 2191HVI
0
1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 IOJ 10' 10' 1 2 6 to 20 60 100 200 600 10' 10' lOS
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT 1mn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h Bh 24h CCT Imn 2mn f b mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
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LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view 90 MV 8 Steel
Composition: 0.81% C - 2.10% Mn - 0.29% 51 - 0.003% 5 - Composition: 0.81% C - 2.10% Mn - 0.29% 5i - 0.003% 5 -
0.016% P - 0.06% Ni - 0.02% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.04% Cu - 0.016% P - 0.06% Ni - 0.02% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.04% Cu -
0.17% V - 0.05% W Grain size: 12 Austenitized at 800°C 0.17% V - 0.05% W Grain size: 12 Austenitized at 800°C
(1472 0F) for 30 min (1472 0F) for 30 min
900 900
!8
, --
a:
~
BOO
.s
800
...""" --... <,
At,
700
- :- r--- - - -
..... --- - ~
,-
- - - - - 98 HRB
At,
700
~ '~ ~-, ~ ~
\ "\
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22 HRC
A l)(; ~ F;~ .- ~ ~ \-
;
26,5
:,
500
A F, C 600
1"- \~ \1\
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A
\
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<,
\1\ \
'- -"
~
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...... -..
" 34 ~ ~
e , !- r-, c
~
500 5!
roo- i - ~
I\' N~ F,~ 1\\ \\
e
i~ 400
I
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41
a
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I
300
<,
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,
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,
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\ ,\ ,~ \ l\ \ \ >1-
20\
"'- I--
1\ \ 1\ \ 1\\ \\ \\
300
r...... r--. t-....., "
200
M, I - - - -- - - - - - 200
D'\ i\\~\ ~
Ms \ \
A M '1
'00 v..+ M
M..
100 -- -- --- \.-
\
64
HRCI 65 64 64 63 45393230 222QH\.i21S1
1251020 50 1(1() 200 500 10' 10' lOS 0 I I I J I
Temps en .secondes I I I I J I I I 1 2 6 10 20 50 100 200 500 10) lot 10'
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
I I I I I I I I
CCT Temps en secondes
t mn 2mn 16mn 1h 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
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Click here to view
50URCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aders de Fabrication Francaise, IR5ID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 175
f\ ~ f\ r'\
I'-
800
s
a:
~ 800
-, f\ r'\
\ 1\ 1\ ~ ":.- \
~ ~ \ »n
.5 ,.- I-'<'
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f-
Ac,
700
- -l- I-
r- ~ l - I -17 ~- ~
- I -i - - i- Ac,
700
-\ 1-
9~,-
1\~,~_ J Il.' 7~~
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(
tF
A F \ /" 8 ~\
- - ::-r-,
-
A FtC A \\
800 J .- f-
, A~
( 95 HRS 800
.,.. .15 7t eu +..\: . \
ll15
~~ r-, :--
;~ ," A
\I "\
-- ~ :\ 5 -
)
- - -- - " l"- I"--
~
~ 500 -AF I..---'
-
~
c 600
F t C b
V- ~y
~ ~\ 1\ 1\ \1\ 1\ 1\ \
~
"ll
M,
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~C
f-::: ':::: - I- - - - 21 HAC i M, ~
1\
~
'00 24 l 400
A
i-- J
(
A M ~
\ r- ~
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M" l"'- t-
1\
\l\ 1\ \ \1\
300 300
200 200 1\ 1\
100 100
1\ 1\ \ 1\ \ \ \
1\
43
HRC 362921 244 236 230 217HV 186 173141
...l
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 600 10 3 10" 10~ 1251020 EO 100 200 600 103 104 lOS
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT ...lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h lmn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
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LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view 16 Me 5 Steel
Composition: 0.18% C - 1.10% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.026% S - Composition: 0.18% C - 1.10% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.025% S -
0.023% P - 0.28% Ni - 1.02% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.18% Cu Grain 0.023% P - 0.28% Ni - 1.02% Cr - 0.04% Mo - 0.18% Cu Grain
size: 10 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min size: 10 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
900 r-T"""T"""""T'"-r-r--,r-r-r-.......,...,-,--,I"1,.,.-,
Ac,
'-' -- I-- I-- I - f-- l-I- -I- Ac,
r- j-- . - 1--I -
--
: ' \ ~"' _. -j-
800 BOO 10- ~ <,
~
~ "~'\ "L\ " .....
Ac,
700
- -
::::-'
:::::::: - I-- I - . -
-
- 1-. Ac,
1-1\,\- K-r\ j.1\_ _\ t - r--- -
.- -
,/ -- 700
A\ F \ \ ,
A I A+F
«"'" ~
~ 87 HAS
AI~ V \ j., ~ ~
~
~500
600
// /'
......
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-~
r--
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91
96.3
~
500
(
I
\
, ~ , ~ L\r-, \ ~+ IF:C1\
~
5 rvo~ ~
\
\
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/ \ f\ \t ,+F :y C\ ~ \
~
~
~
f 400
If I
A+F + l; ~ - 31 HAC
32
~
iE
~
~ 400/
300
A+M I!!. Ms
300
5\hM;;....\ \ ~ ';
~+M
200
200 'l\ 1\ 1\ 1\5'~ ~ 1\\
100
100
1\\ 1\ \ \
\ ~\
\
" HRC 43 39 35 30 27 211 205177 171 HV
1 2 5
Temps en secondes
10 20 50
I
100 200
I
500 10:)
I I I
'0'
I , '0'
I 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 600 103 10' 10'
IT lmn 2mn 15mn 1h 2h 4 h 8" 24" I I
Temps en secondes I I I I I I
CCT 1mn 2mn 15mn 1 h 2" 4" 8" 24 "
ACI = 740°C AC3 = 835°C Ms = 400°C
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aders de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
776 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
90 M 5 Steel
Composition: 0.93% C - 1.25% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.007% S - Composition: 0.93% C - 1.25% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.007% S -
0.020% P - 0.24% Ni - 0.60% Cr - 0.15% Cu Grain size: 11-12 0.020% P - 0.24% Ni - 0.60% Cr - 0.15% Cu Grain size: 11-12
Austenitized at 825°C (1520 0F) for 30 min Austenitized at 825°C (1520 0F) for 30 min
900 900
I
~
rr:
BOO
'll
e BOO
~ ~ t-, I'--:: ~
---
~ <,
~ f- ~
6
- -,..- - -
y K r\ ,\ \ \ "f\ -
--
- f- f-- Ac,
-- \
700
//
V
,
-- -:
.>
/ -- I-- ~ l -I-"
V
27HRC
34.5
700
A\ \
\
\
1\ 1\ (\ >/ \""~ ~ ~ ~ ~
\
100
'00
+ '!J,j
0
f-
\ \ \ ~ \~\\ \ \ \ ~ \
600 I 600
A c 39
t
~ 500
~
e 38 ~,~
~
j
~
~ 400
<,
I
,
-,
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42 .Ii
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\ ,~ ~ \ \ ~
<, 47 ~ \ \ ~ !ill
<, "
300
I'--.. , 51
<
, ~ <,
<, 300
r-, "
1\ \ ~ 1\ \ 1\ \1\
56
r-, r-, 61
200 \
Ms - I -i - - f - 1 - -f-- - - f- f->-. 200
100
A+ +~
Ms
M"
100
-
A+ M \
-- - .\--
\ 1\
~\ _2~ -.......J
\\
\
l\ \ \\ \ 1\
63.6
IHRCI66 65 65 575640 34 36 31 25 251
1 2 6 10 20 50 100 200 500 10 J 10' 105
I I I -I I
IT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I r 1251020 60 100 200 500 10' H)"' 105
Imn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h I I I 1 I I I 1
CCT Temps en secondes
1h 2h 4h 8h 24h
lmn 2mn 16mn
<,
BOO
':
'< l"-'
<,
I\. <, t-, c-r-
- - f - - r-- 1- -- - -
- I- ,...-- f-- -- r-:: --
Ac,
- - ~- f - 1- - f- - "' .::::., .- r--
I~
f- f-
-'- 1\
--
~~
I'
Ac, 1\ \
-
~ >< 1\ Y~ ~ - ~ \ \
700
-- ~
A~ V- V, / " -;;.- z-- A\
A /
I
~
500
~ ~( ~
I ArF.+C \
<,
- I-- ~ \~7 ~ \\ \ \
~600
~
il
e
l 400
r I
I
A +\F +C
-
, -'
/'
V V ~
, ~\ I\' '1\ \
\ ,'~ ~ 1\ C
k5
\
1\ \
,, \
~
300
\ , \ I\. \
\ ~\ '\ \
A+ M )
\- \ N \
M, A+V1
200
- - - - -
1\
100
\\ \ \1\\ \\ \ 1\
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aders de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 177
35 NC 6 Steel
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.65% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.007% S - Composition: 0.41% C - 0.55% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.007% S -
0.014% P - 0.93% Ni - 0.80% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.10% Cu - 0.014% P - 0.93% Ni - 0.80% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.10% Cu -
0.010% V Grain size: 11-12 Auatenitised at 900°C (1662 0F) for 0.010% V Grain size: 11-12 Austenitized at 900°C (1662 0F) for
30 min 30 min
900 900
I8 ~ """ ~ = r--..
a: ~~ ~~ ~ ~
R
~I\.
BOO
l BOO
'\ - l- f-- f--
~
I - ~- t-- I- '
1\\ \
Ac,
-- - l - t--
V ~
I--- :::: I- - I--1- -
0 Ac,
Ac,
\ \'
1\ \ 1\"Dr-
~
l.- I-- l\
1\ 1\
Ac,
700
;...
700
1\ I-'r
"\'
I
V
A F
1/
v
,
I
I--
.> V ~~
93HR8
\
1\
A
\ 1\1\ L ~ ~ kf. k" ~~ I
~ 10
600
A
-, r-,
99 600
\ ~ ~ It ~ l\ 10'
'l\
-,
r- l - f-. I--- f-.
~
g600
1.1- -:
v
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\
A F C
22 HRC
~
s 500
1\
l-
71
I'~ A~~+ c\ \' ~
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V
f
~
~400 1<\' F
,
C V
<,
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~
28
35.6
f
il
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~ 400
1\ 1\\ 1\
~~
1/
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,,
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l\ 1\ \\) 5'6
Ms
300
- "' r-,l- I - ~ II - I- I- f-- 1- -I-
41
60
Ms
300
- -
A M -~ -\
1 5 2 '1\
l\ \ 1\ V
Moo -
200
t+M t-..... 1\ \
- -- -
-\ 1\1\ 1\'1\ \1\ -\
200
M..
'00
100
\
\ \ 1\ \ \ \
69 HRCl55 5' 5139 30 27 26 I ~92191 ~V
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
,10 NC 6 Steel
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.006% S - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.006% S -
0.017% P - 1.69% Ni - 0.64% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.31% Cu - 0.017% P - 1.59% Ni - 0.64% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.31% Cu -
<0.03% V Grain size: 9 Austenitlsed at 926°C (1700 0F) for 30 <0.03% V Grain size: 9 Austenlrised at 926°C (17000F) for 30
min min
900
BOO
V
-- V ;-I- - - -
Ac, I-- 1- I-
- /
700
I--- 1-- ....
AI~ tl
V I
U A tF +( V
I
I
600 82 HRS
/ ,..-'f , I'-- t"-
.I v'" L.-- V l- ,
I l- t-- t- B6
o
~
~600 91 s
.IV ,,
600 1---1-+-+--M--\.,j....,:\,.Jj.,c....JlH+'I---"flod-l-'i---I-I--\J--+-----+----1
l-- ~l-
I
~ I /A+ I- v 99
g-
Ms
400
-L ~ V 23.6 HRC
~
·A M
300
200
100
39
HRCl25 25~23206'B1181156 145 145 136 HV
50 100 200 600 10' 10 4 10$
I
1 2 5 10 20
Temps en secondes I I I I I I 1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 103 104 lOS
IT Imn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Dh 24h
CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
16 NC 6 Steel
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.30% Si - <0.010% S - Composition: 0.16% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.30% Si - <0.010% S -
0.013% P - 1.38% Ni - 0.82% Cr - 0.09% Mo - 0.11% Cu Grain 0.013% P - 1.38% Ni - 0.82% Cr - 0.09% Mo - 0.11% Cu Grain
size: 8-11 Austenitized at 900°C (1662 0F) for 30 min size: 8-11 Austenitized at 900°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
900
Ac,
-- , - i- i- - ;- - - 1- -- I- f- I--f-
aoo
V l.-
Ac, I - - I- V ~, - ,-I -1- - I- I- - -
700
Yi~
l- l- f-
I(
/'
,, V 82 HRD
A t F ro. F c(
600 85
I
~
~
400
it:<1
.,
I
:'1
I lA' + H/"
V
....- -- I- .-'-' 22 HRC
25
l
Ms
I-
I
300
:A M
I
I
I
!
N lN~ 50 0'1\ \ 1\ 1\
I
200
I
I
I
!
1\ 1\ 1\1,' \\ \
i \ \1\
100
i I
!
\\ \
\
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l\
\
1\
\
1\
\
I I 42
--
Ac,
// \ \ \ L)( rr \ -\, --
700
10-
700
- ~1
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/ V- V A\ 10
600
Ad
,)
A tF
,,- V
j "1 I
"
r-,
82 HRD
B9 600
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" 1
0 '"~
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,
/
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!;'
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f
~
~
400
/..
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I-- 26 HRC
30 l
~
~
I
,~ 1\l1I~ :\ l\\ \'
~ ~\ \ \
400
- - - I
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~
~
I
f=. Ms ----'- - 1-' '-----
I
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1\ L\ \ \ '\
Click here to view
\
,
100 100
i
, 44
IHRC 41 3131 27 21112161921751801661HV
; I ~ I I ~ I I
1251020 60 100 200 500 101 1ft lOS 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 10) 10' 101
Temps en secondes I I I 1 I I I I Temps en seoondes I I I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
CCT lmn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 179
14 NC 11 Steel
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.51% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.014% S - Composition: 0.12% C - 0.51% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.014% S -
0.013% P - 2.69% Ni - 0.70% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.18% Cu Grain 0.013% P - 2.69% Ni - 0.70% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.18% Cu Grain
size: 9-11 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 80 min size: 9-11 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min
900 900
Ac, Ac,
I"" r-, ~
- --
BOO'
.. -
BOO
~ -, t-,
~1\ f\ Ii Ll.-
"::: 1'\
~
Ac,
700
t-- f-
A
- '-f- -
- - - - -- ;;;-
-
r- I-
f- -
700 ~
-- -
~
~ )( ~
1\ ~ 1\ )(
/ Ac, A f..-' A F - -~
/ I
- L .-
-
A+ F \ / I--"
BOO 85 HRB 600
---' ~ "- r--
?
V
/'
~ I-
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~ :~ ./ --_20,
,\ ~
60 A
- r-, :-.... 'j-tl""
~
.600
- ?
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{ r-- IA
,-
/
~
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A+ F+ C '- ~
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l
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400
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300
t-- ' -f--
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32,5 HRC
i
i!
400
M,
300
,..... .-
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- -
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H" ;;-.
-
200 200 ~ \ ~ :\ \\ \
100 100
\ I II
\\\
II
42 HRC/ 37 32,5 27 222221 228 2011931 HV
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view 35 NC 15 Steel
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.53% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.38% C - 0.44% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.003% S -
0.013% P - 3.74% Ni - 1.86% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.13% Cu - 0.018% P - 3.40% Ni - 1.50% Cr - 0.15% Mo - 0.13% Cu -
0.002% Ti Grain size: 9-11 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 0.016% V Grain size: 8 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30
30 min min
900 900
-
]
~ r-, "I::--.
'S
800
<, r--:: ~ ~ I-...
." \-
BOO
5 I'" .'\: '\ Y- ~ r-, '''''-
Ac, - -- - -,.-- - - - - f- - I-- ,-- 0
Ac,
1'\ '\ \\
700
Ac,
700
I- - -\S ;\ I-- \ ~ - -;-
I- -
::::
I~ \ I~
I--
Ac, f-'" A+F .\ \ \ ~
600
,V ~ -- --
'-- At F+l -
-
96,3 HRB BOO
AI\ \\ A AF
:::::- ro'\
C
-- \ \ \\'1\ \\ "~ ~
\ ~
?
• 600
A
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• 600
1\\
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e ~
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g.
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400 400
{'!. A F+ i! ,/
\
300
I I'
, -- ---- --
300
M,
1\ 1-'tF +
-
M,
M"
200
f- f-
-
-
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f- I - f-- -
M"
200
-A M-- ~ -\ \- It 1\ -\ IN s'\' - '
<,
~\
\ \
100
- - LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Moo
100
-- \ 1\\ \ 1\ 1\
7
~
~ R( 59 585757 57575756 5249 4131
68 HRC
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 IOJ 104 105 1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 103 104 10$
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I J Temps en seccndes J I I I I I J I
IT --' lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h CCT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
780 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
30 NC 11 Steel
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.008% S - Composition: 0.32% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.008% S -
0.017% P - 2.95% Ni - 0.69% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.31% Cu- 0.017% P - 2.95% Ni - 0.69% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.31% Cu -
<0.030% V - 0.06% W Grain size: 12 Austenitized at 850°C <0.030% V - 0.06% W Grain size: 12 Austenitized at 850°C
(1562°F) for 30 min (1562 0F) for 30 min
900 900
800 800
:::::: is::, <, <, ---=::; <, :::::: r-, --..
x-, -, -, \. <, ~ - - I--
-
~ ~-
Ac, I-- c-- - - - - - - f-- I-- - I- Ae,
\\
Ac, f- I-- - - - - - I-- I-- - - Ac,
- \ \ 1\ \ ~ ,...- - I -I -
-
700 700
\ ~\
l.- f-' A \ \ \ l---
".- I.- - -- i\ .F. .c\ 0
~ ~ +F
~~
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F ( ,-' r \ 0 40
..-,-I-
500 93 HRB 500
-
Ifo
~
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f
E 400
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" \
t'!-
/ 39
t'!-
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I
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Ms
- 1-1 - r- - I-- - --I. - - r-r- - ~
300 45 300
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:M. __
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\ f\ 1\
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\
r- II
200 200
MN t-' -
100 100
\\ 1\ 1\\1\ 1\
\
55 HRC\50 5050 '7 '0 33 31 26 25 23IIHVJ 75
1251020 50 100 200 500 10) 1()4 10' 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 10J 104 lOS
Temps en seccndes I 1 I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
1mn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h 1mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h Dh 24h
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view 50 CD 4 Steel
Composition: 0.52% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.011% S - Composition: 0.52% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.011% S -
0.013% P - 0.17% Ni - 1.00% Cr - 0.22% Mo - 0.38% Cu - 0.013% P - 0.17% Ni - 1.00% Cr - 0.22% Mo - 0.38% Cu -
<0.05% V Grain size: 10-11 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for <0.05% V Grain size: 10-11 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for
30 min 30 min
900 900
I8
Ac, 1- - c- - ~ "- ~ ~
a:
Ac, ~ c::::: -I'---.. --..
!
- --- -
BOO 800
-, <, '\ -,
Ac,
700
- ,-- - - -
",
-
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f--
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~
I- ~
-
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(/'
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a
91 HR8 700
\. '\'\
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\.
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-
20 HRC
I A d V>,+ +( r-, \
A C
500
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26 500
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\ \ I \ I~J-It ;~ \i\'
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} 400 ~ 400
\ \~ \
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t'!- / t'!-
300
I-
1\ \
I
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46
51 300
100 100
\ 1\
\ \ \ \ \ \ 1\\ 1\
63
IHRC 62 61 60 5' '5 37353626 20 I
1251020 50 100 200 500 10l 1()4 lOS 1 2 6 10 20 50 tOO200 500 10l 10C' 105
Temps en seccndes I I I I I I I ccT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT 1mn 2mn 15mn 1h 2h 4h 8h 24h Imn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h Dh 24h
18 CD 4 Steel
Composition: 0.17% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.23% Si - 0.025% S - Composition: 0.15% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.010% S -
0.020% P - 0.21% Ni - 1.06% Cr - 0.24% Mo - 0.18% Cu - 0.014% P - 0.14% Ni - 0.84% Cr - 0.20% Mo Grain size: 7-8
0.006% V - 0.032% Ti Grain size: 9-10 Austenitized at 925 0C Austenitized at 900 0C (1652 0F) for 30 min
(1700 0F) for 30 min
900 900 -....;;
l - I-- ~
Ac,
- -- e- - - Ac,
~ [\ ~ ~ I"- '~
1- I - I--
I'--- 1'-
800 r-,
I--"" 800
-- '\ [\\ \ I~ l -
- I- .- ~ l- f- - ,- I-- l - I-- - I-- 1\ .- -
Ac,
1/
~~
l- f-- 1-
-
Ac,
/'
~
72 HRD \\ 1\1\ I); \
700
l.-- 700
( J. +IF (~§ (:
..::::..- -~ , ( --;
78
\ 1\1 1\ w. ~yz - \ A)' F + C
-- A N0-
A 85 ~
5
~ t;;"
600
1/
/
-- -- ' F0- r-
I-
600
lo"\"
f\ \ ~\ -t <, \
~
~600
~
~
1
~
400
I
~
./
V
IJ A},f +~ / '
1""':,- -
/
--
f-
I-'" "
I-
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.- I-
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--
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26
~
~
e
~
i
~
600
M,
400
\,( A+ F+ C
'\\k\.l1\ 1\ 1\ 1ltrs
1\\
I-
r-,
1,~~
\1\\~
M s J. + M 70 \
300
A+~
300 \ \
1\\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ \ 1\
'
200 200
100 100
1\'\ \ \ \ 1\
\
42 HRC 2825 1237210196173 137 132 IHV
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view 25 CD 4 Steel
Composition: 0.25% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.090% S _ Composition: 0.25% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.090% S -
0.018% P - 0.19% Ni - 1.10% Cr - 0.22% Mo - 0.16% Cu Grain 0.018% P - 0.19% Ni - 1.10% Cr - 0.22% Mo - 0.16% Cu Grain
size: 11 Austenitized at 900 0C (1652 0F) for 30 min size: 7-9 Austenitized at 900 0C (1652 0F) for 30 min
900 900
18 ~
~ ~ r-: I" f': r--
r-, r-, ~
Ac, l - I-- ~ ~
'"
Ac,
~I- t- , - I--
800 ~
.s
800
"" \ ,J. \1\ 1\ 1\ 1\
--
-- -
Ac, - Ac, - -f-
700
!/
/
~ '-
84,5 HRS 700
\ \ \ .).; .-\ r\
5
_ 65 -
V V ,/
\ A F
1\ Y1\ I~ ~ ~ OJ
( A' F+ ( ~
I --- -- - ~
-
85
A A+ F C
- .-
600 600
-b
9S
I) ,- \;~ ~ ~\ \ 1\
-,
,~-
,, I - r-
~
\ ~
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~
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--
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~"
1
A
I 400
lL l
3.
~
400
X I
\ \ II It\
.... M, I- - W f- f- I- - ~ I- . - .-1- I-- I- M,
1 1:01,.
300
A M M..
300 - A M- - no i'< o If° f~ I'M!
200
1\ \ 1\ 1\1~ t'\ 1\
200
\ \
100
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
'00
1\\ \1\ 1\ l\
IIHRC 51 ~3 ~1 33 28 231122~ 9517~IHVI
49,5
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 10) 10 4 11)5 1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10) 10' IDs
Temps en seccnces I I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h 1mn 2mn 15m" lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
782 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
35 CD 4 Steel
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.79% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.36% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.010% S -
0.019% P - <0.17% Ni - 1.00% Cr - 0.18% Mo - 0.10% Cu 0.019% P - 0.16% Ni - 0.96% Cr - 0.28% Mo Grain size: 9
Grain size: 8-9 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min Austenitized at 860°C (1662°F) for 30 min
900 900
1g
[:::,.. ~ ~ r-:: t-- r-,
a: --I:::::::,
/I.e,\. A"
l
BOO
Ac,
1\
'" \ I".. r-, <,
r\
~ ~ - I--
-\ \ \. --
700 / 87,5 HR8 700
1\ AI\ .....K
A (A ~
K ~
, F+ V
/' \ it
\ K1\ f]; F+
V
~
F \
92 45
(>.. '- ~ \ V ~~ \
~ ....- -- -
600 25 HRC 600
~
i""'- "-
\ I\~
","" .
, .......... 26.5
\ 1\ "'\2
600 , "
~,
,..... 1 - ~
s 600
10 "\
rt>
-
f' , --'
/ A+ +C
,
/
I.-
z:
33
~
! 1\\ I 1\ ,<l ~(F 1\ c 1\\ I'
\\
-- ---
---' )
r
300 49
M"
300 -- ~
200
A+M
200
\ \ ~ I"- \
A M
\ "
100 100
\ \\
\
\\ ~ \
69
HRCI 54 5Z5 52 40 35 30 22 226 167 HV
1
1 2 s 10 20 50 100 200 500 101 to" 10 1261020 60 100 200 600 10) m' IDs
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I r I I I
IT 'l mn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h tmn 2mn 16mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view 100 CD 7 Steel
Composition: 1.07% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.016% S - Composition: 1.07% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.016% S -
0.012% P - 0.17% Ni - 2.06% Cr - 0.18% Mo - 0.13% Cu Grain 0.012% P - 0.17% Ni - 2.06% Cr - 0.18% Mo - 0.13% Cu Grain
size: 9-10 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min size: 9-10 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
900 900
~
s
a:
I ~
<,
:--::: I:'.::::: <, <,
BOO
--- -,
-(
BOO
<, <, ,'\. <, <,
~ \\ ~ 1\\ \ \ ~\ ~~
0
Ac, '--- 1- - - - - -
~ ......
- f- ~ l - I--- f- Ac, f- f-- - f---
700
.....- 25HRC 700
A+ I~ '\
V'I 1;\
/
600
A+c
{ ,, /
34
38 600
~ ~
~+
1\
F+
KXl
'- " r-, 1\1.: 80 \
~\ 1\ I~
\,
c +'- F+ r-,
~ If- .... r-,
44
~ .\ \1\
--- ...-
/
~ 600 34.6 600
,V
~
V
~\\
V
\1\ (~ ~\,\
/
e
~
~ 400
/
I
\
/ I- ;Y" 38.6
42 i
~
E 400
\
+c +
1\\
\\ ~ 2~\ 1\
\
r-, ,, -,
\\
i"- i"-
r-, <,
48
'g; 100
,,
300
-, 51.5 300
\
200
- I -I -I - i -
A+ c + M
I\. - 68 M,
200
A+c M
\1\
\ <,
~ \\ 1\' ,\
-\N
100
M..
100
- - -- - -
1\\ --
\
\\ 1\\1\ \\
67 HRCI 6767 63 4542393431 27261
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 10 J 10' IDs 1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10 l 104 lOS
Temps en secondes I I I I I 1 I I CCT Temps en secondes I I r I I I I I
IT Imn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h Imn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aders de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 783
30 CD 12 Steel
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.016% S _ Composition: 0.30% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.016% S -
0.010% P - 0.17% Ni - 2.99% Cr - 0.43% Mo - 0.13% Cu 0.010% P - 0.17% Ni - 2.99% Cr - 0.43% Mo - 0.13% Cu Grain
size: 8-10 Austenitized at 960°C (1742 0F) for 30 min
900
]
Ac, f- I-- I-- I-- I - t-- e- - _. a:
8
800
~
..... -:::: --:: ..... - t::
o
Ac/
A
::::
~ z:
700 97 HRB
600
~
........
r--
r-
--
?
~500
~
--
~
f" 400
~ V I
~
-
J I A F + C
M, I-- I-- I - I--- -I--
300 4B
M..
- --
A+M
-- -
100
1 2 6 10 20 50 100 200 500 10 1 104 lOS 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 &00 101 104 10$
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I r CCT I I I I I I J I
IT lmn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
Temps en secondes
lmn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Z 15 CD 5-05 Steel
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.016% S - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.47% Mn - 0.~4% Si - 0.016% S -
0.016% P - 0.23% Ni - 4.48% Cr - 0.62% Mo - 0.16% Cu Grain 0.016% P - 0.23% Ni - 4.48% Cr - 0.62% Mo - 0.16% Cu Grain
size: 9 Austenitized at 900°C (1652°F) for 30 min size: 9 Austenitized at 900°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
900 900
] r-
rS b, f::: r-, r- ~ r-
-l -I - a:8 -
13 ~ \ P- P- ' , ~ r--r:::: ~ r-
~
Ac, Ac,
I--- t- I - -I - -I-- 1- fo- f- f- I-- -I--
Ac. I-- I-- I-- I -t- I - I-- I--I-- I - t-- - 1- Ac, 1'\" 1--1-
- -- - Io
I--
~F~ -
800 SOO
A c 10- .... \ 1\ '\
700
",
A c+ F (
+( 73 HRB
1\ A+ 1\ 1\ I~ n: + - - -
i~
55 6
5-
1\<5 1\
-, , <, 76 700
" 1
1
\
~
+c
r-, <, r-,
\\ 1\ \ \ \ \\ \ \ C
---- ---
84
........... ........ -.....: -,
r-,
600
........ 600 \
"
[\ \ \ 1\\ \ \\ 1\
::i:;;
? ?
~500
~600
e
1 ~ ~A~ -\ ~
V I-"
- - - .1. .1 -...... \
~
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- e
~
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~
400
~ I 400
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- - -
Ms
- - - - - - ~ ,
\
~
f- I-- - I - - I-- f-
+c +F r\
300
A+c+M
M,
300
<,
\\1\
1\ \
1\
\ ~- \
M" A +c \ II \
200
200
MI\
1.\.... 1\\ \
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view I .......
I-
\ \ \l\ 1\ \ \
100
100
1\ Il-lVl147125
43 HRC
HRCI45 45 43 44 423938 22 231tlVl
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 101 10' 10$ o I I I I I
Temps en secondes I I I J I I I I 1261020 50 100 200 600 10' 10' lOS
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h
I I I I I I I I
CCT Temps en secondes
1mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aders de Fabrication Francalse, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
184 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
45 SC 6 Steel
Composition: 0.43% C - 0.96% Mn - 1.38% Si - <0.010% S - Composition: 0.43% C - 0.96% Mn - 1.38% Si - <0.010% S -
0.012% P - 0.03% Ni - 1.06% Cr - <0.10% Mo - <0.06% Cu - 0.012% P - 0.03% Ni - 1.06% Cr - <0.10% Mo - <0.06% Cu -
0.036% V Grain size: 10-11 Austenitized at 926°C (1700 0F) for 0.036% V Grain size: 10-11 Austenitized at 926°C (1700 0F) for
30 min 30 min
900
Ac, - -- - 1- - 1- '- f- - - 1- - l
900
Ac, I--
1'\
~ ~t\ \ -\ 1\'1\
~
a:
- i1 --
-- - I-
800 - r---
--
,;- ,- BOO ,- r---
Ae,
~ .5 1\I-
I~I\ \\ \ 1\ A-I: F1\ .\., !:-- ~
Ac,
:,....- ~
I-
.- ~
f-
.- f- -
\l\ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~i\0
700 20.6 HRC 700
I(~ F( ( I---.
( 23
\ A
,
'-,
600 -', 31,6
<, 600
"r---- ....... 1\1~
~
~ .......A'i- +t----. <,
.....-
~
~600
A ~ I"-
... - ...,
"
........ ~ \ 1\ 1\\
, -- --
s
\\
600
/
1\ ~ \
E
~
tE 400
A t F c. l- • 400
"ll ,/J f\F ~
.
39,6
{! I
V E
\
\\ !\ y'1\
{!
V
"
300
V , ,/
44,6
,\
49 300
100
Mt •.
100
-
\ ~ ,\ 1\' \\ \
1\
e: - - -
--
800
- - - - - - -
lie,
700
- I-
/
,,; .7 I-
.....- :,....- ~ --
--
!- - f-
97 HRB
I'
(A I
--
I 20 HRC
.c <.. . . .
\
F\. + 600
600
A , 30
~
;...::::: >. ..... , \
I
ro- I- 32
? ........ ~ 600
,, -. l- E
( I
.....- p- 32
~
A .F c\ /' ~ 400 1-1--'1-+-'\-H::w:'r-FH-+-\\-if-----1HH+-++--t---i
, 38
,,
{!
)
.L I ( 46
Ms
300 - f- - - ..L 1 - - - - - - - - - I-- 62
~ M
200
60
IHRCI 59 5857 5655 A9 33 23 22 193 IHVI
I I
1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 10) 10' IDs 50 100 200 600 103 104 105
1261020
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h CCT Temps en secondes
t mn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h Bh 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 785
45 MS 6 Steel
Composition: 0.46% C - 1.60% Mn - 1.34% Si - <0.010% S - Composition: 0.45% C - 1.60% Mn - 1.34% Si - <0.010% S -
0.017% P - 0.03% Ni - 0.03% Cr - <0.01% Mo - 0.09% Cu- 0,017% P - 0.03% Ni - 0,03% Cr - <0.01% Mo - 0.09% Cu -
0.040% V Grain size: 8-10 Austenitized at 926°C (1700 0F) for 0,040% V Grain size: 8-10 Austenitized at 926°C (1700 0F) for
30 min 30 min
900
600
l{ F t-: 28
V 1-( r-,
-r-,
\
k
r-, r-. r- 30
tf r:c
-: \\
~ A
~500 ~
..
40
~ 400 ,
~ '\ A+F+< I
I
D 41
) J 51
300
M,
200
k+
100 100 \
I-H""'R:L:C+6==2-;!6~0-!:!59;;-;!5*3-;:-5""~0!:;-3~~"*,5":3:;::0~28;;;;2~5,5~2:;::'51
55
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 10) 10' 101 1 2 I) 10 20 60 100 200 500 10) 10' 10'
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h lmn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
800
a:
-
~
~
Ac, i- -- -I-- 1- - -f- A.,
100 " 100
A
(
.-
A F
I
\
,,
"..- I-"
A~ FtC A 1\\ \ 11 ~ '\is~ I
7b't +F 0 ~\ 9~
,-
600
~ ".
J 1- - - <;
, ( 95H 500 ~
-' ~\
J5
r- I-
rv foi! .t..!:: i
0'
~~
) _\ 5 -
-- I
~
J
-
t- .......
~
~ 500 - -- -- -- -- - ""'-1" ........ ~
s 500 " A F t t--..
~- 1- -
\'1\ \ \ 1\ \\, \
,-
A F
~ -::::: ..... ..... Lv
e
~E
't 400
M,
- :- -I- .-f-- - f- - 1-
21 H
24
il
E
~
M,
400
A M I
\
-
~J
~
~ A~M ~
\
300
Moo
300 \ ,\ \
r-
100
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
100
1\ 1\ 1\
43 HRC 362921 2~~ 236230 217 HV 186 173141
0 0 I
I 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 10 3 10' 10' 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 10) 10' 10'
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I
IT l rnn 2mn 15mn 1h 2h 4 h Oh 24 h CCT lmn 2mn 16mn 1h 2h 4h 8h 24 h
\ ~~ \ \ \ ~
i\ \ \ \
Ac,
BOO
f-- - - - '-- f-
BOO
.- -
\ ----
.~ - - f- Ac,
Ac,
........
-- -- ......-- - -- --
\ \ ~ \\ A\
\ \V At\ F
\
A
/'
.--- ( 1\ "
700
" ..........
-- ....
\
, ,A, F C" r--
"
-- -- r--
91 HRB 700
1\ 1\ \\ \\ fl
~o
/ '\.
60
"
.... ~:; F-'l
~o
C
90
\ \ l1-\ - J\ \
600 ;;;;;0 '- 600
I- ~
"
\ \
,.
\\
"
~
~
~600
'/ --- -- - ~
F
- -- - --- /
J~ /
/- A ~ 600
I--.." \
\~ V
V
\ 1\ A\ c \ '" \
E
E
E A F +C E I~
-
30HRe 'l;.
\F
} 400/
.~I- r-- 400
~ .~ ~ \ I
\\ \\
... M,
1\-R
33.5 M,
A M M" A _M -.......,I
300 37 ~ I
300
~'90
10
\ \\ \ \ 1\
40 \ \
200
\ \ \ \ \\
1
200
100
100
\ \\
41
HRC~1.5 ~1 ~O 36,5 33 3\5 30,529 20 225 1651HV I
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 10 3 10' 10' Auslenite residuelle% 61 61 10
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 500 103 10' 101
IT 1mn 2mn 15mn t h 2h 4h Bh 24h
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
CCT 1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view 10 CD 9-10 Steel
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.020% S - Composition: 0.16% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.44% Si - 0.022% S -
0.022% P - 0.09% Ni - 2.24% Cr - 0.86% Mo - 0.23% Cu - 0.020% P - 0.09% Ni - 2.24% Cr - 0.86% Mo - 0.23% Cu -
0.097% Al - 0.01% Ti Grain size: 10 Austenitized at 976°C 0.097% Al - 0.01% Ti Grain size: 10 Austenitized at 926°C
(17000F) for 30 min (1700 0F) for 30 min
Ac,
900
900 I
18 11'\ '\ ""L"". .'\ -,
~ \ \\1\\"\\
Ac,
800
- .- . - ~ .- - - .--=
- ~ .-
0:
~ 800
"""
\ (\r\ \~!-\\ - :.; -
-- -~
Ac,
. --fA
Ac,
/' 05 0
A +F
/
V
+ C
/'
~ f-- A \
i\ .\ -::::. 'tr!
'l2-
20
FI\
700 96HAB 700
60
................ ,~ <, ~~
600
A
....... ....... r- r- I--- -
I--- l - e- ::-:::- -::-:, f=-". F=-I
I--
--
600
\ \ \ \10\ 1
\ 2 \1\55 \ \ 0\
-- .'11' ~
- l - I"=.
\ 1 .\ \
~
- -
e.- ,.... +F
-- -- - -- - ~
s 600
\ /1 \\ 1\
--
~
A+
- - - - - f-. ~ - f- i - -
31.5 nne
I-
400
Mso A+M
\
1\\ ~ \\ 1\ I 1\\
6
) t-
300
\\ \ \ \8 ,{5 , 5\
300 \1~
40
200 \
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view 100
100
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 187
,\ 1\ \
-
~\ I--
P\ \
1\ K\ ~ \
-
800
- - - ,.. i--"
~ 1< 800
1\ --\-1-
~
,- f- I - -
I~
f-
\ H k 1-' -
-
Ac, 0 Ac, - - -----l l-
A ---...... = ~ I--
700
V
F
~~
!o"'"
21 HRC \ \
Jr-
\A+ IF' ,
I --
55-
-
~ r-,
~ I'tJ. 700
....
\ \A
IY \1\ \\ \ \
I.......
....
~ ~ :::-.. F+ C
---
32
r--. I'-. 1\\ lW 11'0
600
r- ~ 600
~
• 600
-- - - - - - .
~
c 500
\ 1\\ II \ 1\ \
\\ ~ fYk1I\~ ~+\ dI\C >-"
f II-
~ /' ~- f
i
i=
400
Ms f-- f-
A+F C
f-- - f-- I-- - - t
E 400
A M ~
-\ ::;~ \ \
~
~
M,
-- - - - ~ r....
300
300
A+M II ~ rm In- 90 S
1\ ~~ \\""
\ 6 2
200
200
1\\ 1\
100
52
100
\\ \:\ \ \\ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ 1\
HRC 52 51 51 44 G1 GO 36 36 35 201
1251020 50 100 200 500 10) 104 10 1
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I 1()4 101
IT Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h 1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10]
lmn 2mn 15mn
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
CCT lmn 2mn 16mn 1h 2h 4h 8h 24h
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.66% Si - 0.001% S - Composition: 0.41% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.66% Si - 0.001% S -
0.011% P - 4.90% Cr - 1.07% Mo - 0.09% Cu - 0.360% V Grain 0.011% P - 4.90% Cr - 1.07% Mo - 0.09% Cu - 0.360% V Grain
size: 6-7 Austenitized at 1000 0C (1832 0F) for 30 min size: 6-7 Austenitized at 1000 0C (1832 0F) for 30 min
900
! 900
~ \- 1\ l\Li r-
\ \
~
Ac, Ac;I
- - - .- f-- - - - .- , - - - 1- - I- ~ Ac , -I- 0- ~
Ac,
~ \\
500
....-
~\ 'l\ \ \ \ ~+'f~~~n
BOO
- 1;- ;.:::.:: F
I~ +F' +c
6
19HRC
~
.... -,
700
r-, 22 700
~85 7\
\1 I~ \ \ 1\ \ l/
i'. r--. ::-::-- r- 29
A <,
600 600
~
~500 ~600
1\\ \l\ A\ \
\ \
f
~ 1\\ \ 1\ A
i 400
1\11 I
V r--
\ \ 1~',
~
300
M, - f-- -
A+M
f- -
fA
- - - I...J.. 1- , - .L ,- - -
F +1 C
- -- --
300
Ms
l\ \1\
I
,
F C
'/
15
- JJ~ - - _\j - - / ~ 1
A ftM i'i 85
\ \
200 ~o
200
100
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view 1\
.
1\ \ \ ~\1\
100
\ \
61,5 IHRCI 61.560 60 60 59.5 57 53G6 26 2201!-WI
1251020 50 100 200 600 10 J 104 1()-1 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 500 101 104 10 5
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I CCT Temps en seccndes I I I I I I I I
IT Imn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h 1mn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h Bh 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
188 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
30 NCD 2 Steel
Composition: 0.28% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.014% S - Composition: 0.28% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.014% S -
0.011% P - 0.43% Ni - 0.70% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.20% Cu Grain 0.011% P - 0.43% Ni - 0.70% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.20% Cu Grain
size: 11 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for SO min size: 11 Austenitized at 850°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
900
900
!8
._- I - f - - I-- r::,; :---- I'-.. r:-:::.
- f- -- - - l - I-- a: Ac,
" I-
"" l\
Ac, I- I- I--
l BOO
- '\1\ -, 1"'-
BOO
<,
1-'-
0
~ '\ \ I,
-
Ac, I- -
V
l- I - I-- Ac,
\ \1\ /\ \ \ rs=. s:- 1:3; f- I-
700
A
~ +F V 10-
- -~
- - - -
700
AI\ Y \ -
- />... \A -1-\
78
I-
I-
~
~-
I
86 HRf
I ( ~ k"
\22 l\A~
- "\
I
-
95 600
600 -, ,\ .........
.... -\
, \:Kp\~ '!~~ ~\ \ \\
/ A FI+ C
'\ \
- ,I
",""
~ .-' ~
s 500 I \ F
s
-r - -- -
600
~A +F:- 10-
~
il
iE 400
C
,
/
I
, ,~-
- - ,- -
30.6 H
~
~
1i
E 400
J \1\ 1\ 1\ \ \
J
~ r ~ ~~ r\ \1\ 1\
~ Ms ~ I - I-- I-- I-- f - I-- I- iL I - I-- - I-- ~ Ms f-t- .1- - 4~
A+M
300
A+M 300
200 200
,\ 1\ \ \ \ \
100 100
1\ \1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\
52,6 I HRC I 4537322926 22 191 HVI207180178 165
0
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 tal 10" 10$
1261020 50 100 200 600 10 3 10' 10$
Temps en seoondes I I I I I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT Imn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h
CCT lmn 2mn 15mn 1h 2h 4h Bh 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
20 NCD 2 Steel
Composition: 0.21% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.002% S - Composition: 0.21% C - 0.88% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.002% S -
0.017% P - 0.66% Ni - 0.67% Cr - 0.26% Mo - 0.16% Cu Grain 0.017% P - 0.65% Ni - 0.67% Cr - 0.26% Mo - 0.16% Cu Grain
size: 9-10 Austenitized at 875°C (16100F) for SO min size: 9-10 Austenltlsed at 876°C (16100F) for 30 min
BOO 900
~8 ............. F::::---
- l- I"" r-,
- f- r-
~ K~ r- r-- I- -
I-- I - I- a: Ac, 1-
Ac, I- I--I-
i -,
BOO BOO
"\~
.5
\ 1\1\ 1\ ~
-- - - - - - - I- -
- -- 1\- f\ ~ k1 -
Ac, f- f- 1- Ac. I- -
.-'" 1\ .1 -Ilr
~ -=
700 700
/
I~ V V\ 1>("\K' ~V
-:::-: A\
r'.: .f. F -~(, ........
+F
-'-
A I A+F
90,6 HRB
A- m ~
.0 5
600
, I"'"--- .....
91 600
~ ~\
)
~ ~ I); ~i\
~
~ // - -(- - -- ~ /
:---.. I"-
hC '\
......
r ~- ~ +F
- \ \ \\ I).
Ii 600 ) Ii 600
e
E ,
/ (>.+ +~
LV
...... 25 HRC ~
~ Ms
,
'r
\
!O'\ 45 \85
'l\ ~~
l4~ E 400
~ 11
92
~ ~ Js\ ~ I-'
300
A+M
300
A + M <,
r- \\
~\
200 200
I-
1\ 1\ IY\ \ 1\ 1\
100
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
100
1\\ \\ 1\
\
1\ 1\,
48,6
HRC/ 47 4234 28 26 21 I 22519918718 HV
4
'251020 60 100 200 500 '0 1 10 10' 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 101 10' 10 5
Temps en serondes I I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h lmn 2mn 16mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 189
40 NCD 3 Steel
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.019% S - Composition: 0.40% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.88% Si - 0.019% S -
0.018% P - 0.58% Ni - 0.56% Cr - 0.28% Mo - 0.10% Cu Grain 0.018% P - 0.58% Ni - 0.56% Cr - 0.28% Mo - 0.10% Cu Grain
size: 8 Austenitized at 850 0C (1562 0F) for 80 min size: 8 Austenitized at 850 0C (1562 0F) for 80 min
900
i
~
900
'"
Ii ~ I'-...: ~ t----- R ~ r-: ----t--.. ~ r-,
f'V ~ ~ r- ~
BOO
6 1'\,~
~ t, b "\
~1\
f-- I-- f- I- I-- l - I--- -f--- r-r-' I - I - - f-- Ac,
Ac, I-
1\ t- I - f--
700
.) ...... V-I- ,- V- i-
...- 700
p,-
~
~ ~J +'~ br~
92 HR8
'\ '\
600
A
"A+I ,I'..
, r-, 22.5 HRC l\ 1\ 1\ p( K\ /
1\
307
l)
\ \ LX J ~
600
I~ \ ~ ~ -\-
I p.+ +() I'-- 22.6
i - I-- l-
i - I--l
, .- - -- .'
~ )
,,
If
L-
"
~~
..- 0 600
I\AIX r~ 1\ 1\c \ \ \ \
~
A I I + C
V-
30
~
il l\
M,
300
'-- f-- I~ ~ f- 1 - ~ -
I
~ I-- ~ I -I - - -
37.6 .l1
~ 400
{'.
M,
300
,
1\
'\ \ .1/ I(si\ ro~ sT
lr11 S- ~ If 1\
I
I
S5
l-
20
\ \
\
200
M"
200
f- -- --- A+ I~ \
t\, \
~I~ \ \ \ \\
100
\ 1\ \ \1\ 1\
100
67.6 lIT 1\ 11\ \ r Ir
10' 10'
HRC 55 55 55 49 37 36 23 29 29 28 24 22
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 10J
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I
Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h I 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 10) 104 105
IT t mn 2mn 15mn
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
lmn 2mn 16mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h
CCT
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view
35 NCD 5 Steel
Composition: 0.83% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.33% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.010% S -
0.010% P - 1.22% Ni - 0.54% Cr - 0.17% Mo - 0.22% Cu Grain 0.010% P - 1.22% Ni - 0.54% Cr - 0.17% Mo - 0.22% Cu Grain
size: 10-11 Austenitized at 850 0C (1562 0F) for 80 min size: 10-11 Austenitized at 850 0C (1562 0F) for 80 min
900 900
l
.!i ~ ~1---...- ~ = ~ I::--. I----
BOO !i 800
~
I - f- t-- I - f- 1 - -I- - l- f- I-- I - I-- l - 6 " - I- - .-
~
t\
Ac, Ac,
Ac, I - f- t-- I - I- I-
~
I--- - l- I -I - Ac,
1\\ \ 1\'\
k- ~ 1\
I\' I-
700 \ 1\
I(
l-- 700
V IA
~I 1\1-'11\
~
\ \ \ 1/ "\ +1
A
1/ A F -
I
"
, .'
[C
92 HR8
98 1\ 1\ iY
!i.Q.- 55 •
+F +\
I:tlo
c
5
600 ',IA+t tl. r- l""- too- 600
~
lt~
_I-
-
I)
, .'
<,
....'
_
~
\ \1\ 1\ ~
~
7 10
rtr-. 1\\ 1\
~ 600
1\ IY 1\ [\ ~, r~+ I~ -~ ~
~ l-
~
~ 1,.00- il
,/
I{'. 400
1\+ +C 34 HRC iE
\
li '\1 \ \\ \ \ \l\ ~ 1\
400
42 {'.
M, I -I - .- l - I - - I~ l - I--- I - I- f--- I -
300
A+M
M,
300
-A+M- \ \9'l I:l-.
I
1\
200
M"
M..
200
- .\ 1\ 1\ ~~ ~r- ~ IL 1\'
100
100
1\ \ 1\ 1\
\ \
1\1\ 1'\ 1\
\ \ \ 1\ \ \
67 HRCl54 5452 42 32292826 11m 36229205
o I
1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 500 10) 104 lOS
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 101 10' lOS
IT 1 mn 2 mn 15 mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h CCT Temps en seoondes I I I I I I I I
lmn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aden de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
790 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
50 NCD 6 Steel
Composition: 0.49% C - 0.57% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.012% S - Composition: 0.49% C - 0.57% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.012% S -
0.011% P - 1.62% Ni - 0.83% Cr - 0.24% Mo - 0.13% Cu Grain 0.011% P - 1.62% Ni - 0.83% Cr - 0.24% Mo - 0.13% Cu Grain
size: 9-10 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min size: 9-10 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min
900 900
i8
800
a:
1l
BOO
r-, r-, ~ r--::: ;--.; :":: t-, r::::: f'::: r:::::::: f--;
~
\ \ "b" <, I\. <, '\
Ao, f-- f-- f-- . - 1 - I -
Ao, f-- . -f-- f--
700
I-- ,-
- I--
I--
I- "-
- f - I - f-
,.....
I--
-
- -
-
-
f-
f-- I-- <3 Ao,
Ao,
700
1-
\
" "\
"t\ 1\ 1\ I.-
~
:--- ~
H
~ -
.-
I~
\ \
~ ItF, +c~~
A
\ \ '\ \\ 1\ \: 1\~
600 22 HAC 600
I---' ~ - 0\
-- t' 1--l-- I - -
~ ~ ,\
~
s
e
600
v I
I
/
\ A F + c
l-
~ 600
~
.Ii \ 1\ 1\ 1\ ~ 'Fl\~ [\1\
1.-1 ;"l \
+,
E 400 E 400
\ \ \ ! 1\1-16 \\9ii\9i1\ ~\
{!. {!.
300
1\ \
\
\
\ /
.....
4B 300 1\ -~
~\
r-, _l..
.- 1-- f- - - \
l- I- .- .- M, \
'--
!\\
M,
A M M"
200
--
A+M
-- .~ - -1~ i\~~ r-,
1\ \ \
200
100 100
\\ \\ ,\ 1\ \ ~\ \ \ \
HRCI 63 62 62 6054 49 41 3534 29 26 11
62
I
1261020 50 100 200 600 101 10' lOS 1251020 60 100 200 600 10) 10"" 10'
Temps en secondes 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I OCT Temps en secondes I 1 I I 1 1 I I
IT 1mn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h lmn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h
28 NCD 6 Steel
Composition: 0.29% C - 0.78% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.009% S - Composition: 0.29% C - 0.78% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.009% S -
0.011% P - 1.62% Ni - 1.49% Cr - 0.44% Mo - 0.16% Cu - 0.011% P - 1.62% Ni - 1.49% Cr - 0.44% Mo - 0.16% Cu -
0.010% Ti Grain size: 11 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 0.010% Ti Grain size: 11 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30
min min
900 900
600
F V
~l-... ~ 1" --C I'..
r- l- t-:
f::: l -
88 HRB
B9
600
l\ ~ I~ l~ ~ A
I-
I-
~500 ~ 600
~~ ~\ ~ '\1\ 1\ 1\ I~
)IIC'
t
~
E 400
I/
v
--A+F+r
- ----- -- -
e
~
E 400 1\ 1\ 1\\
\ '\ ~ I - t"i j
I-
1\ \ 1\ \ \ 1\ ~ :.y
/
.... V
M,
300
f-- f - 1 - - Ii 1-- .L f- I--
/
I-- I-
46 HRC
{!.
300
Ms
-~ IS: F
~ 1-- ....
~.
I~ "
A+ M
1\ \\
M.. "A+M \
200 200
--- 1\ 1\ 1\
\ \
\\ \
M.. 711...
100
100
1\
\
l\ \
70
1\
1\
6
20 NCD 7 Steel
Composition: 0.17% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.013% S - Composition: 0.17% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.018% S -
0.013% P - 2.02% Ni - 0.38% Cr - 0.13% Mo - 0.07% Cu - 0.013% P - 2.02% Ni - 0.38% Cr - 0.18% Mo - 0.07% Cu -
0.010% AI Grain size: 10-11 Austenitized at 900°C (1662 0F) for 0.010% AI Grain size: 10-11 Austenitized at 900°C (1662 0F) for
30 min 30 min
900 900
-...... -.....
r-, ~
~ ~ ~ ~ 1'\-
I'"
Ae,
800
I- - - I-- - I-- - I-- - - I- f-- Ae,
800
f"'\ ~ 1- - r-I- r-- I-- -
~ \ \~ \\
/' ~ 1\ ~ 1\
n
700 n0-
-
A_, ~ r- -
'A Fr- r-- l -I-- 1- 700
r-- l - r-- - I--
A
V l-
--
A_,
A V \ \ r [A -F+ ~~~ ---- '"~
600
/~
I- 1/ ~ V I--
re- t-- t -
rssuv 600
V 1\ ~ 6
x r-, , r-
~ ~ 1\ I\.
"~
c [
~ It.
A+ F+
~ I F
r-
g600
g 600
~
I
1\\1'1'
e I--" e I
j I
A+ F C
I( 22 HRC
t ~2
I
1\ 1\ \
~ 400 25
I-' f- f-- -f- f-- f-- I-- - f- E 400 r--
l\J ~ r....\<~~
~
r~
Ms
~ M,
A M A M
300 300 \
'l\ 1\ 1\\ 1\ ~\
\
200 200
'00 '00
1\\, \ \ \\ 1\ 1\\
43,5 LHRC 3935 22 1915 206189 170 I HV
1261020 50 100 200 500 10] 104 10'1 104 10'1
1251020 60 100 200 500 10 3
Temps en secondes I I I I I I J
CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
Imn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view 20 NCD 10 Steel
Composition: 0.17% C - 1.23% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.018% S - Composition: 0.17% C - 1.23% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.013% S .:
0.016% P - 2.46% Ni - 0.94% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 0.012% N2 - 0.015% P - 2.46% Ni - 0.94% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 0.011% N2 -
0.042% AI Grain size: 11 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 0.042% AI Grain size: 11 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30
min min
900 900
]
8
c- ~ <-r-;
-c,
Ac. e-- '- I -I-- - ~ - l- e-- - - e-- - 0:
I" :::-- IS: ~ f--I-
800
1o 800
,I -,1\ ~ "\
Ac
1\ [\
700 700
~ 1\ \ ~ 1\ \
/ / \
\ 1\ \ \
Ac, ". Ac,
A+ F
~ t -
-- -
A ,I- +C
600
....... \
~+ F+C 600
r- ~ r-, \
~
g600
I.--
,....
i,......J
~ 1\ \ \ \ \~
~
e A F
t
E 400
Ms/
I
,- -+ +C
e
~
I 400
\\ V"
",-
~
\\ - -1\- -. r-;
-- -- -A- -M- -\ ~- ~\ - -~ ~' , A~
~ ~ M$
I
M..
F +\
300 300 I'
-,
- ~\ ~~ ,
?!
~
200
M,
200
.- - - \, l/
~
'00 '00
\1\ \ \
-, 1\\
44,6 HRC
I HRC I 44 44 43,S 41,S 39 35 34,S 34
o I I I I
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 10J 104 lOS 1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 10) 104 lOS
Temps en secondes J I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT 1 mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h 1mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aders de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974 Click here to view
192 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
60 NCD 11 Steel
Composition: 0.67% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.81% Si - 0.006% S - Composition: 0.67% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.81% Si - 0.006% S -
0.010% P - 2.36% Ni - 0.76% Cr - 0.41% Mo - 0.18% Cu Grain 0.010% P - 2.36% Ni - 0.76% Cr - 0.41% Mo - 0.18% Cu Grain
size: 9-10 Austenitized at 860°C (1562 0F) for 80 min size: 9-10 Austenitized at 850°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
900 900
]
BOO
Ac, f- - - r-- r--1- - 1-
A F
8
a:
1
0
800
Ac,
~ s e---:
I"-.. ~ - r-, I'--...
-, [\.
..:::::- I--..
~ ~ I~
<,
<, <,
"'r-,-...
\
- 1--
- f- I-- 1- - - I- ~ ~ -\\ ~\ .... 1'\ 1'\ -
- - \ '1\\ ,.-
- I-
-
Ac, f- - I - --' Ac, Ir-
100 100
[\ \\ \ 1\ \ :.t ~~
- \ \ \
A
I
~ ,
,
io"'" ~-
\\ \ :::
600
\ 1\+ 1"- C l"'-
r-, ........
I 23 HRC
600
\ 1\ \ 1\ \ .\ 1\ \ \ ~ ~\
\ A F- I'C
-
~
~600
r--.. ~
600
,.:- ~
\
\~ i'-
-:
\ \ \\1\'\ \ \\ \
e e
~
1 400
, - --- t
~
400
\ . / ~,
\ I\.
~
~
,!!
300
,
I
\
/
A F~ C
\ \ \ l\ 1\ I A P
\ ,, 35
300
(
\ 1\ / ~
M, .- -- I -1 - - 49.6 \
~~ i/
f- f- M,
A M <,
200 \ \ 1\ \ \ \ \
M.. -- 200
M.. - -~-+ M- -- L~ --'
\, 1\, , 1\
.~ -\ -y 6 6~
-,
100
\ ~
61,6 HRC 62 62 62 61 62 62 61 60 5351 363 329
o
60 100 200 &00 103 104 105 0
1 2 6 10 20
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 10) 104 105
IT 1mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h Temps en secondes I I I I I I I
CCT lmn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h ah 24h
- .~ -\
~
- 1- - f - .- - \ 1-\
\\
\ \ 1\ '\ 1\ ~ [~f-
Ac, I- 1- !--
Ac, I-
I--
_I-"
700
....-
(i\.F c( -< l"-
100
\ \I~ ~+C
600
A <, "
94 HRB
600
A \
\\ 1\ \ \\ 1\ 1\ n.,.... 6\;6
l-
I'--. I"-
~
~600
\\ \ \ ,\ 1\ 1\\ \ \ \
e
a
\ \1\ 1\ \
\ \ Ilr-" 1\"I
......1-"
- -- -- ----- -
.li
r 400
1\ - I-"
It-P
M, I- ._-- - - - L
A• • C , -
~ - - -
~
M, \\ \ !\ 1\ ~X I-F\C
\ \ \ V I
1\
-'A +M -~\ -\
42,6 HRC
M.. -1-- M..
M.. 1-- - A+
200 200
\
100 100
1\ \\
IHRC 53 535352 53 5350
"' l\ 1\
~9 ~~ ~3
\1\
~H 033
66
I I I I I
1251020 50 100 200 600 101 10 4 105 1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10) 104 lOS
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT 1mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h 1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
SOURCE: Courbes de Tranaformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 793
16 NCD 13 Steel
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.013% S - Composition: 0.16% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.013% S -
0.008% P - 3.02% Ni - 1.02% Cr - 0.26% Mo - 0.12% Cu Grain 0.008% P - 3.02% Ni - 1.02% Cr - 0.26% Mo - 0.12% Cu Grain
size: 9-10 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min size: 9-10 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
900 900
_I-
Ac, 1 - --~ I-- -
r- f- - - 1- - - 1-- -=:.
Ac,
'\ '\ -, -, .\ -\ '\ ,\ 1\
--I-
- K\
Ac, -l- I-- -f- Ac, - -T-- r- 1-
700 700
~
-: -- \ \ 1\ \ 1\ A 1\A_ ~
A+ F+C
A V )
V AF " (.j A
600
I ,- - -
-- 85 HAS 600
\ \ \. o
-
15 404
,-~
~ ,.- ~ 1\ I.---' '11\ \ \ r\--l
.500 .....
s
1\ ,. J\ -\11 ~ -\ -\
A F .600
F
- -- - - - - - - - --- - t- -
I .-
f f
~ ,
~
-
1 400 y A F C 1 400
"\ ~ f\-.-
I- M,
- - - L- - l- I- I - - I-- -- - I- M, ~, ~ \
J_M A:-M 1\ '\ 9d~
300 300
200 200
\ \ \1\ ~\ \ \~ 6a"
0
\
100 100
\
1\ \
\ \ \ \
\ \ 1\ 1\
44 HRC
HRCI44 39 37 33.5 30,5 30 25 21
1251020 50 100 200 500 10] 10' lOS 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 101 104 10 1
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT 1mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Dh 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
35 NCD 16 Steel
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.80% Si - 0.006% S - Composition: 0.34% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0,006% S -
0.010% P - 3.10% Ni - 1.66% Cr - 0.28% Mo - 0.12% Cu Grain 0.008% P - 3.66% Ni - 1.64% Cr - 0.31% Mo - 0.008% N2 Grain
size: 10-12 Austenitized at 860°C (1662~) for 80 min size: 9-10 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
900 900
j
800
- -- .... - - - f- f-- - I- - - -
8
a:
11 800
<,
~ ,-- , -
--'\ r-, <,
-, ~
I'-...
~ '"
<, <.
'\
\ r\\
'--
Ac, 5 Ac, I-- -
f'&l 700
\ 1\ \ \
:::.
~~
,.JI-- ~ r- -
\ -\
Ac, - - - - -
~ /<, A.+ -c -- \ 1\ \\ \
~
.
0
600
600
......
-- --
.
~
0
600
500 1\ A\
\
\ \ \ \
e
il
.li
~ 400
/' -,- A_+! !~ - - --
f
il
.li
~ 400
\ 1\ \
\!\ V P\ ,
\ -,-
\
,/
I
{!. {!.
,
,
I
I
300 \
300
A_
- -- r- - -- - .!- - - M, <, i
-- -M - \ - -
: -I--
- - A+ - 1\ - _.\-J K7 't"'=
-
M,
AiM M..
M..
200 - 200
0
Moo
100
- - LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
100
\ 1\ \ \ \
56HRC
IIHRcl 55,5 54 53 51 4242
"apres trempe et maintien 20 mn dans N] IIquide
0
1 2 6 10 20 50 100 200 500 10] 10' 10' 1261020 60 100 200 600 10] 10 4 101
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT Imn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h Sh 24 h 1mn 2mn 16mn Ih 2h 4h Sh 24h
30 CND 8 Steel
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.56% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.014% S - Composition: 0.32% C - 0.35% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.022% S -
0.012% P - 1.75% Ni - 1.85% Cr - 0.49% Mo Grain size: 12 0.018% P - 2.10% Ni - 2.30% Cr - 0.64% Mo - 0.19% Cu Grain
Austenitized at 875 0C (1610 0F) for 30 min size: 9-10 Austenitized at 875 0C (1610 0F) for 30 min
900
~g 900
,...
90HRB
600
\
1\ 1\ 1\
~
~ 600
~
~ 600
1\ A\ \ ~ \\1\ \
\
1\ 1\ 1\
~ ~
~ v -- - - - -- ~ 1\ 1\ l---~
l
- -
~ 400
,,
400
Ii.~V\, ~
t"- II
/
/J F.C
l- 41 HRC
t"- '\ \
300
/ I
1/ V ~
1\
-I~ - -I~ ~ B
46
M, 1- ._f-- I - - - - ' .- I- - f--
M.. - --
A+ M k:.. \
/J +M
200
1\ \ to-
1\ - ~ \~\
200 \
100
Moo
100
f- - ~ - I--- 1\ f--
\ \
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view 30 NCD 12 Steel
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.016% S - Composition: 0.30% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.016% S -
0.015% P - 3.20% Ni - 0.86% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 0.17% Cu Grain 0.015% P - 3.20% Ni - 0.86% Cr - 0.40% Mo - 0.17% Cu Grain
size: 12-13 Austenitized at 850 0C (1562 0F) for 30 min size: 12-13 Austenitized at 850 0C (1562 0F) for 30 min
900 900
!g
800
Ac,
Ac,
- -1-- - - - 1-
.- l - I - l-
- -
a:
~
6
800
Ac,
~
r-...
\
""
~
...... -:::: ........
1\\
<, - ......
~
--- I'\.--...........
........
1'0..
1\ 1\ 1--1-
--
l- I-- l- Ac, IT ~ IT
700
v l -I -
700
~
\ \ I-
eA F AI\ '\ f\ ~ C
1\ I...- l\-~
~
600
A - IG l:::: -
t-- I -
+F,~
r::=:
~
600
\
1\
1\ 1\ 1\
\\ '\ "\ \
1\
\ F\ \
~600
I.--""' • 600
~~
~
~
t
E '00
If I-
, -- -- - --- - ~
ae
1i
400
1\ 1\ ~
l-
CC J\ -- -
.1 .C
"\ 1/~ "\ \ \If
t"- E
t"- F C\
-1\6~
l...-
M,
300
I - 1- - l- I- .- f- I - I- I-- I - I - - --- 46 HRC
M, 1 6 2
I
1 1\ 1\
M..
Moo
200
- - A+M
- -
300
M"
200
1--
A tvj-
-~ -\ - -
1\
~.
~
I-
~~o\
r-.6
\ \
100 1\ 1\ 1\ f\ 1\ 1\
\
100
\ \
66 ~ RC 52 50 50 5050 41 35 3531
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 103 104 lOS 0
1()'1 -lOs
Temps en secondes I I 1 1 I I I I 1261020 50 100 200 600 10)
IT 1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h Temps en seccndes I I I I I I I I
CCT 1mn 2mn 16mn Ih 2h 4h Bh 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 195
40 NeD 18 Steel
Composition: 0.42% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.006% S - Composition: 0.42% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.006% S -
0.010% P - 4.34% Ni - 1.66% Cr - 0.44% Mo - 0.06% Cu Grain 0.010% P - 4.34% Ni - 1.56% Cr - 0.44% Mo - 0.06% Cu Grain
size: 11 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min size: 11 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 80 min
900 900
---=:
l- I- ~ r-, -----.. r- <, r-----..
800
Ac, - - - l- I--- - -
800
Ao
'~ -- " 1\
\
"-
1\ 1\
1\ \ 1\
<, <, <,
1"'1\
.-1-1--
700 700
\ \ \ \ -r- \
l -I -1-- I-- f- - I-- A F- ~ ~
~ ''-F if.r.
Ao , -
1\ \\ -
~ ~
-
IX-~
~
~600
600
A
1'-
- r-
~
~600
600
AI\ 1\
1\ 1\ 1\ 1\
\
1\ ~~ "
e
~
~
Loo 1\ 1\ 1\ \ 1\
\ 1\,1\ \
E 400
~
{!. j-- {!.
V A F "':..~ - \ V
1/ / -- 1\ +F C
300 300
- ~L 1\ \ / \
I
I-- i - .- .-1- I-- I - l - -+-- I - .- - M ,
M,
-.....
1 \
M..
200 -- 200
A+ M 1\ 1\ 1\ \ \ \ 10 t">.
A+ M r \
\ 1\ \
M, 0
M..
100 - - M..
100 1\ 1\ 1\
58
IHRC 59 59 59 57 56 55 55 46 39
I I I I I
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 lO} 10' 10' 1261020 60 100 200 500 10) 10' lOS
Temps en secoodes 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 Temps en secondes I I I I 1 I 1 1
IT j mn 2m" 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h CCT lmn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h
20 ND 16 Steel
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.026% S - Composition: 0.20% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.82% Si - 0.026% S -
0.017% P - 3.86% Ni - 0.25% Cr - 0.94% Mo - 0.17% Cu Grain 0.017% P - 3.85% Ni - 0.25% Cr - 0.94% Mo - 0.17% Cu Grain
size: 10 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min size: 10 Austenitized at 850°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
900
9OO""',--,---,--r-r---r--,--,-,--.,.....,....-r....,......,..-..r-,.,
800
- 1- -l- I-- - I-- - -I-- 1 - - l- i-- I- 800
r:::--- t' r-, I'-..I""- L~ r-, r- I::"-... r-, ~I"'--
1\ ~ ~ t"'\ 1\
Ao,
1-" ~ I-- I - I -
"~
Ao, f--
\ 1\ 1\
700
- - - -r- 700 \ \ 1\
t\ \
Ac, f-- I-- I-- - f-- I-- I-- Ao, f-- ~ ~ ~ r-- 'r -
600
A A+
\-. 600
A\
\
1\ \ \ (\A F C
~
\ \ \\ \\ \\ 1\
6\
\ ~ - -1\ -
~600 600
~
~ /' A+F ......,
\ 1\ 1\
~
IE 400
t- -- --- - - -- ~
~ 1\ 1\ ,/
{!.
L - ~ F+- -C I--- ~
400
\ \ \ \ ~
/A + F
M,
300
f--
A+ M
I--- - I- - - Ms
M"
300
IA_ IM_ 1
I\C
J ~\' 1', \
\ sllU
200
200
\\
1\ 1\ 1\\ \ \
6
90
\
~ :---
100
100
\ \ \\ 1\ \ \ 1\
\ 1\
49 HRq49 48 49 47 47 42 35 33 32 30
o I I 1 I
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 101 104 101 1 2 6 10 20 50 100 200 500 10) 104 lOS
Temps en secondes I 1 I 1 I I I I I 1
IT lmn 2m" 15m" 1h 2h 4h 8h 24h
CCT Temps en secoedes I 1 1 1 I
t mn z rrm 15m" 1h 2h 4h 8h 24h
800 e 800
1\ ~ 1\ 1\ 1\ I') ~ ~ ~ ~ \
Ac, ~t-- 1- f- I- Ac, /
~ ...
..- I....- 6 0
V ~ 1,:-= 5·
700 1/ •F V ~
,
r-"""" 20HRC 700
~ 1\60
1\ 1\ 1\ ~ ~
r\\ I~
f(
I~ r-,t~ I'- I'-
A +F C\ 0
600
A 1'-
r--" t-. " t-
22
31 600
~
r- t:-
~... .- 1- - -- r-::-
r--. r--..
I--
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~
~500
.~
.~
r-, ~
~ 500
1\\ 1\ 1\\
~. ~
e
a
,l;
~ 400
~ I--"'
I
/ -- - ---
A F C
- -+\, e
a
l,"." 400 1\ \ \ 1\ K \ II ) ~
:ll7 HV
\ \ IJI
,".
M,
,I\
I
I-- L- Ms
300 2 J~~ ~
Ir
300
~t ~y II--
\~ ~ ~
A+ M
M..
-- -- -
MM ~1\ ~I\
l\ \1\ 1\
200 200
<,
\ \ \ 1\\
100
1\
100
LIVE GRAPH
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LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
18 CDSV 5 Steel
Composition: 0.16% C - 0.49% Mn - 1.14% Si - 0.080% S - Composition: 0.16% C - 0.49% Mn - 1.14% Si - 0.080% S -
0.010% P - 0.25% Ni - 1.22% Or - 1.05% Mo - 0.19% Cu - 0.010% P - 0.25% Ni - 1.22% Cr - 1.05% Mo - 0.19% Cu -
0.460% V - 0.080% Ti Austenitized at 1050 0C (1922 0F) for 80 0.460% V - 0.030% Ti Austenitized at 1050 0C (1922 0F) for 30
min min
900
900
r,]
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1\ ~k ~
\ 1-1-
,
I
vI- 08
t< Ac,
~-
800
\\ 1 :\
.t \ ,~\
~
700
"A
,
I 26HRC 700
A \
1\ I I\A +Ftt C
r-, r---.. "-, r-, \ \ I I
1\\ 1\ 1\' i\ ~ 1\ r\
, 30 30
joo-..
r-, t-
-.... r--. 1"-....-
r--.. 0\ 5
\\
600 600
I
~
t- l- IA F - - - -, ~ 1\ '\ 1\\ 1\
~
~ 500
If ~
I--"'
~/
-- F + C
,
~
c
~
e
500
\ I K~ 1\ F~
-
-'1\1"'--'"- ~ .JiY
l" 400
I I..- .... 37
a
}" 400
I\C
I-- 1-' f - . ~I- I- - l - I- l- f-
~ ~ ~\ I~\
I- Ms
,".
A+ M Ms
'io ~
300
M..
300
- A -M -+\ I" 1~5
20
\
5
11\ !\ \ 1\ '"
'
200 .~
200
'\
100
100
I
1\
\
1\\ \ \1\ 1\, \
48
~ RC '8 'H6 '1 '0 38 38 31 29 201
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 600 101 104 lOS 0
'r 11 I I
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I 1251020 60 100 200 600 101 10" 101
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
1mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974 Click here to view
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 797
100 WC 40 Steel
Composition: 0.98% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.003% S - Composition: 0.98% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.003% S -
0.015% P - 0.17% Ni - 0.63% Cr - 0.28% Mo - 0.11% Cu - 0.015% P - 0.17% Ni - 0.63% Cr - 0.28% Mo - 0.11% Cu -
0.280% V - 3.66% W Grain size: 10 Austenitized at 850°C 0.280% V - 3.66% W Grain size: 10 Austenitized at 850°C
(1562 0F) for 30 min (1562 0F) for 30 min
900 900
.--
800
700
V V
f-
- ~ \' \. I---'" ~ ~
~ ""
I~ ? ~\
/
A c
V +~ 1\ \ \
R\ ~
/
/ (
1/ , I'-.... 1\
600
1\ x I-li
~
~600 ,
J
/ Atct
'"
- --'
/'"
It C
.-- V
D \l\ \~ ~ .~) \ 100
1\ '~ ~1 ~
~\
I
e I
.. , I 1\
E
l 400 "- 1\ 1\
f'-- r-, ,1""- \ \\ \ \
~
300
, , r-,
, -,
l\~ \
r-, I"
t-, I-- 1\ 1\ '
,
l\ 1\ 1\ 1\\ 1\
Ms
I-- IAt f-+ 1II
f-- I-- -I--
~
200
A c
100
-
\ \ 1\ \
\ 1
I HRC I 686766 41 3938 37 28 21
Ac,
. -l- I--1 - - l - t - - I -I- i--I - I-- ..-
I a;
900
1\ 1\ -\ \- ~ \
-IT- - ~ ~ D
\ \
0
Ac,
I- -- I- ~
f- I-- L--
r
Ac, ;-
700
700
A V- A F C
3~ A F ~ I-
/ At F
- - - - 1--
r) A\
1\1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ kj hi ~
10
~
~600
1/
-- - - -- - ~ \ /' ~ - -\- <,
--AtF ~ 600
e
j
~ 400
? I
I
/ C
32 HRC
e
t
E 400
\
IVI}( 1\ ~~F \ t'
\ 1\
lr--.
\
- J. - -
:~
1~ ~
1\ \ \ \
1 1:1
I- M, I- '-- f-- I-- I- ~ Ms
2
.......
A+M -~A "'-M - -\
"\'
M.. --' :" r---,
1\ 1\ 1\
300 300
\ r-...
1\ \ 't:iv ~
;.;.;.
200 200
\
100 100
1\
\
\ \1\ 1\
\
\\ I
IIHRC '2 41 33 27 24 24 25 23 22 21
43
I I I I
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 101 10' lOS 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 600 10 J 10 4 10'
Temps en secondes 1 I 1 1 I 1 I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I 1 1 I I
IT t mn 2mn 15mn i n. 2h 4h 8h 24h 1mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
798 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
[(-
Ac, - - - f-- f-- - f- I--
I--1- -
-
Ac,
700 -- 700
A A'+F +C V
'" , ( ~
~-
20 Hr \ .\ \l\ ~~
\ If 1\\ ~~
-- --- --
95
\ \\ \\1\ \1\
600 28 600
i"-. I-
'\d \ \
~
~500
~ I~ l
c 500
l\ 1\\ I~~. U
j
...-
~
e
~ I..- ~ ~ V' ~\
l{!. /' .\i C \
400
~--
- - ~ 400
A+
5
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\\' \ \,\
{!.
A, +C I ~o
I
300
300
" J.
- I'"
\
.\ \
M, I-
lA+ ~
l- e- f - f- - ~ -~, - f- - - M, I ~
200 A M \\ \ ~ fll
M"
100
- - 200
M"
100
- - - - --
- -\ '\ -\
\ ~ \ \ I- ".
\ \ \
63 HRC 63 62 5351 /JJ1J24
I 2 5 10 20 104 lOS 0
60 100 200 500 10'
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I 1 2 6 10 20 50 100 200 600 10) 10~ lOS
IT lmn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h Bh 24h CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
Z 38 CDWV 5 Steel Click here to view
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.96% Si - 0.008% S - Composition: 0.37% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.95% Si - 0.008% S -
0.018% P - 0.17% Ni - 4.70% Cr - 1.40% Mo - 0.11% Cu - 0.018% P - 0.17% Ni - 4.70% Cr - 1.40% Mo - 0.11% Cu-
0.600% V - 1.80% W Grain size: 8-9 Austenitized at 10000C 0.500% V - 1.80% W Grain size: 8-9 Austenitized at 10000C
(1832 0F) for 30 min (1832 0F) for 30 min
800
~ 800
.- -- - f- \ \ \~ f\ 1\ 1\
1\ 1\ -' ~
Ac, - I- -f- f - - :- i -I - f-- f - 8
0: Ac, f- - '\ .-- -
~ \ \ \ \
800
- - 6 800
A+c
\
, If.
~
c r~
;,:;-- 9OHR8
\ \\ \ \ \ \ \1\ ~ ~~ +F c
---
700 , I'- 97 700
A+ c
/' ... r-..... AV\
- r--... I- ..........
1\ \1\ \ \ 1\1\ \\
21 HRC
600
app ritio ca
sac ndal es
ur s
" --
- - - -- 600
~
\
~
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\ 1\ \ \1\ \
s 600
~\ \
e
~
i{!.
~
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\ \ \ \ \\
400 400
~: \
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M,
300 f-- i- I- f- I-- t/ ~ +F
,
-- F- ~
I
I
f"l+ +
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M.. - -
A c M A c M \ ~. r-....
M.. - - -- -
200 200
- ,\ 1'....
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M..
- -
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100 100
68 HRC 56 56 55 55 53 52 31 28
I I
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10' 104 10' 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 10) 10' 10'
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I CCT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT 1mn 2mn 16mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h Imn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Next Page
XC 48 Steel E 36 Steel
Composition: 0.50% C - 0.67% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.022% S - Composition: 0.20% C - 1.37% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.017% S -
0.031% P Grain size: 8-9 Austenitized at 875°C (1610 0F) for 30 0.022% P - 0.007% N - 0.064% Al Austenitized at 900°C
min (1662 0F) for 30 min
900
~
Ac, - I - I--
----- -,
f-
r-, r-. ~
<,
1\
-- r-
I'\.
-\-
800 800
-,
- --
Ac,
Ac, ~\ 1\ '\
\ \ \
-
~ .- -
- f-
f--
-I--- -
f-- -
f--
1- - -- Ac, -
~ - \A \
j.. I--'"
I--
- "\"\ - f-- -
700 700
... ~
'~ 1/ ~ ~ hi.;" ~ I - 1-1\ .J..
\
600
\\ \ \ k; ~ I~ ~~ 600
A F
~\
~
~500
~~ ~ 1\ \ ~
~500
~~
\ ~ -: V
1\ \ 1\
\i ~~ ~ \\
Ir
\ \ \
\\ \
~
\
j C
\ ~
~ 400 l{'!. 400
~ I \
\ 1\
{'!.
300
I 1\ 1\ \ :
300 \1\ 1\ 1\
200
~I~ '\ \1\\ \ \\ \ 200
\\ 1\ \ \
\ \\ \ \
\ \
1\ \ 1\
100 100
1\ \ \ II \ \
IIHRCI60,5 575302923 22 230 HV HV 221 203 179 164 150 147
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10) 10' 10' 1251020 50 100 200 600 10] 10' lOS
Temps en seccndes I I I I I I I I OCT Temps en seoondes I I I I I I I I
CCT 1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h 1mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
~~
f-
~ \\- -A\~ ~ =
\. -
-
- 1\= -=\
I-:: I- - -
--
--I-- - Ac, - f-
700
-
600 ~1\ .... \ ~
o;o'lI
/~1
A ~F
!go
V
- I-- ...
\ QO 1\
\
~
~
~ 500 I--I--I--~=-\I-+Al-JIICJ'NI--t-H-+-+-+--+---;
~
~600
A
0 1\ /'
\ 1\
I~ ~ \ \ \ 1\
~
~
l 400
\
{'!.
\ \ \
300
1\
\
200 \\ \ \ \
\
100
,\
\
1\
HRC 504641 26 22 1715 IHVl195 I HV 223 213 191 176 160154
I
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10l 10' lOS 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 600 103 10' lOS
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I Temps en seccnces I I I I I I I I
CCT 1mn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h CCT 1mn 2mn 15mn 1h 2h 4h Bh 24h
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Previous Page
17 MV Az 6 Steel 22 N 8 Steel
Composition: 0.17% C - 1.60% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.018% S - Composition: 0.23% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.27% Si - 0.020% S -
0.017% P - 0.110% V - 0.026% N - 0.082% AI Austenitized at 0.021% P - 2.06% Ni - 0.16% Cr - 0.01% Mo - 0.18% Cu Grain
900°C (1652 0F) for 30 min size: 9-10 Austenitized at 900°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
900
<, r-..:: r-, --. 1----, <,
I----
-
Ac, :::...;; ~
~ -, ~ -
800
- Ac, -
\\ '\
~ l\.....-
\ \- -
- - -
600
\
- ~~ ......... 100
~ \
600
-\' ~~ ............
00 \
~ I IA~ ~.
~
~ '\
500
~
f
~ 400
-- - - \
,0
\
60\
* \
A,N I "1'.\
I \ \
i!!- Ids
AtM \ ~ r.. \
300
II \ 1\ \ \ 200
\
l\ \ 1\ \
1\ \ 1\ 100
1\ \\ \ \
1\
\ HRC 32 241219206176 Hvl 162 149
HV 268
251
206 189 181 158
o
I TIT I 2 6 10 20 50 100 200 600 10' 10' 10'
1 2 I) 10 20 50 100 200 600 10' 10' lOs Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
I I I I I Imn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
CCT Temps en secondes I I I CCT
t mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Dh 24h
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view
--- <, ~ ~ 0,
--...:::
~" ~
<,
T~
<, -, - -
'\ ""
Ac,
\." - - - - -
BOO
\ -,
""~ \ \ \" \ \ -
Ac,
I-- ~ \
1--- I--
700
_1 -- - 700
~~\ f\\ A ;~
~~
~
Ac.
A\ IV IlS5
,J~ "\ ! \!
600 600
AV ~ ~
~
~600
I~ ~ 5 SO\, O\' N ~
~ 600 I--H-+-\lf-I-rt-4-.=--t\-rd+-Ir-\-t--\l-++--\-I--t---t--l
\~
I f
I\A I+\F tC
f
aE
~
~ 400
~ Ms -A~t>'- - - ,- ~I~
X
,\:;VS5
1\
\
\ 1 \ "
1\ \ 5
I
I-
400
M,
calcu16
1--1-I-.J-+I-\-I--\-H+-lI-*":lr:l:\-:*c:t::-+-tt-t--l
~\ 1\ \
300
R \1\
200
\\ \ :\ 300 \ \ \ \ \\ \ \
100
\\ \ \ \ \ 1\\
I IT I \
1\
I I
200
100 \
\\
1\ 1\ \
\
\
I \ \ \
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 207
~ 1\ rx ~ :~ 1)(
~ ~--
~ ~ I>-~
f---
~
f--
700
Ml f..-
Ac,
700
r\
\ \ ~4 \ \ 5\~
~\ -~ ~ 551- V
~ \" I~ ~5 \1\
A '\
\ 600
1\'
~ ,\ -[ \ r-, ~\ ,
600
~
i;500
/\ N '2
-' <, ~
i; 600
\\ rfl J ~ \1\ 1\ \
~ !..i +~ f\ I~ \1\ ~ \ -y~i \,1IV\ ~' ~.\ t\ \
'\ f
~ Ms ~ \
~
e M \
Ms
'I ~ 400\
l
-- -- -l\ ~
400 ~ \
\ 1 \
~
1\
\ .... "
\
8 2 6 'ISS \'35\ ~\
M" I-
300 .+
\1\ ~ ro--
\ \\ \ 1\ \' ~\ ~ \ \\
300
100
\ \ \
\\\ \ \1\ \ \ \ II
\1\II 100
800
<,
0
~
::". -
0
-, K-, r-,
'\ '\
\
I'--
-, - - -
Ac"
800
~ ~ ~ r---.. ~
" - -,
f--
- ~
\
1\\ \ 1\ \ 1\ .-
~ "\ 1\
~
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Ac,
700
\\ \ ~
,-\ --- - -- - "'700", f--
14' 1\ ' - r-
~ (
~ 1\5 1\ ~ k~ 1\
\ \
\:\ \ ~
\A A+t ~
~
tC \
vi;500
600
,\
~ - \ \ --IW \
\
,-
0\
\
55
r-,
65
1\'0... ~
BOO
~ ~
\ 1\/
V
,~ A~
'l...l. ~ ~
I 'At Ft
r-
\1
f
\~
/
\A ~F ~C 1\ 1\ '\ ~ . r- .......
i;500
~
~
~ 400
Ms r-
A -- ,\
~ M <,
J \ \ \
~ 90 75\
1\
\ --
f
~ Msl
calcu16
400
:~
0\ b\. 90 \ \
~~ ~~ 1\ \
,1\ \ \ \
300
~ 45 3 30\'
300
~
78 ;;- ""-\
200 \\ <, \
1\ \ \\\ \ 1\
~~
\\ \ \ \\
200
100
\ \\ \\ \
\\ \1\
100
\ II
I HRC 4038 29 27 25231 210 203 17BI HVI HRCI 43 40 33.5 32 26 24,5 1233 215193 ~
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
202 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
700
1\ 1\\ 1\ 1\ 1-+-+1\\-I--jI--\+\--+-+-I-\-4-lH,-------1Hrt-H
700
1--1I--I.J.r--
600
\ \ \ \
Ac, 1-1-
1\
f-
~
~600
A c
1\
\
1\ \
j 1\ 1\ 1\
A
1\
,1...
E 400
~
\ \ \ \
\ \L
300
\ i~_ ~~
c F C
- - -- --- A _
\
200
100
I-- f- I -
A c+ ~
f-- - I----
\ II
- .T rI
-I- i-
I ~ \
HRC 62,5 63 54 5',5 53 5250 '2 3837 I
I
• 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 500 101 104 105
1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 103 104 10'
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
CCT 1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h
CCT 1 mn 2 mn 15 mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
1+ l\ ~& -
\ \
\~
~\ .-\ l\~
\ J..-~
Ac,
- --
\ .-
BOO
I-~ . 1- Ac,
BOO
l- I- t- - II- I\- l.\- .- H- -
~~
'1' +~ +C
\
l....-
\' 1\ ~ 1\ \ 1\ (
'\ A. \ ,\A ;,- V
I,...-
700
1\ r\ 1\ 1\ F+C
700
\ ~ \
600
\ \\ \ \
I--
",/
600
\ 1\ \
1\\ 1\ \ 1\ 1\ 1\ ~ 1\ \ 1\ 1\ \ \ 1\
\ \ \Jh :1
~600
1\ \1\ \ \ ~ V 1\ ~
~
"ll
V
A+ 1&+
~
~
E 400
\ \ \ 1/
\ V'1 \
,/ ~
",.
1\...... II \
\\I~. I~ ~ \f\ - 1\
M,
~ A F C l..ooo/
300 300
1/
J\M1\ 1\ \ ~
M, I-
-~~ .\ ~
900
\
\~ 1L\ 1\
Ac, f- t - .\ ~ .~ I- ~ .- - Ac,
BOO
~ -
I\- It"' ~ -
l.t' \
loT ~
\1\1\
BOO
\ A+<
1\ 1\ 1\\ -I\F \ 1\ 1\ I A b+
l7
'
1\ I-
700 700
1\ \\ A c\
IV ~ ~cI
e
600
'\'I j....o-
/
1\
~~ ~ 1\ ~
600 ~
\ \2!
\ 1\ 1\ 1\\ \ ~ \
\ 1l/ \
~ 600
s ~
\
600
l
~
~
1\ 1\ ,\ \\ ,-
e
il
~
~ 400
1\
\
\
II
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400
I"- \ / l"-
A.( + F e
1\ \\ ,/ ~A
,
+F e Ms
300
.- ~ I
1\
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300
1\ \ \ \./
f-.,..;
I
r-,
--1\ \. -- JL l\l
Ms
..... 1\.
A+ c+ M /
M50
200
---- . "- 200
\
\
\\ 1\ 1\ 1\ \
\
l\
'00
1\ ,I
II
100
\ 1\
I 1\ \
782 724 642 351
HRC 53 52 50 50 49474538 HVI 734 707 536 222
, 2 6 10 20 50 100 200 600 10) 104 lOS 1 2 6 10 20 50 100 200 600 10) 10' lOS
Ac,
I- - - ,-1\- ~l -~
l- f- f-- .-
900
BOO
\ \ 1\ \\ l\
1\
Ac,
800
I- I-
I- ~
- ~
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- t::
Ac,
700 16.+
A\ \1\ \\
./
\ 700
A l/ [..... ~ j;: l,::: ~ -
1\ \ 96,6 HRS
600
\ 1/V L.1 '/
1\ \ \ , 98,6
\ 600
\
1\ \\
V 1/ I
I :--... ~
98
1\ ! \
~ I A '+ F +C 1/
\ \1\ \1\\ ,~
~ 600
98
"H-- ~-
1\ 1\
e ~ ,
, 24 HAC
i J
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, 1\
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I- M s I- Ii I- I-- I---
\
l-- - l- I--- ~l- I-- 42
1\ " +M
300
-
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1..0\0"" 300 47
Ms
200
~
\ 1\ 1\ ~ ~ ,
200
1\ 1\
100 100
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HV 836 R?, 835 7RR 775 71?7 5~~1'43
66
o
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 10) 104 lOS 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 10) 10· 10~
XC 38 Steel Yi 90 Steel
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.019% S - Composition: 0.93% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.11% Si - 0.010% S -
0.017% P - 0.06% Ni - 0.04% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.013% N2 Grain 0.012% P - 0.20% Ni - 0.12% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.62% Cu -
size: 10-11 Austenitized at 826°C (1620 0F) for 8 min 0.03% V Grain size: 12 Austenitized at 800°C (1472 0F) for 15
min
900
!8 900
a:
1<
'"'"
800 e
t; 800
- - f-- c- f- .-
'"'"
700
I - i-
A
- "L
~
I-
=-
f- 1 - -
'"". - - .-
A
--I>: ~ ;....- i - f-
-- - -l- i- l- f- I-
~ V " -- V V
,/ A+ ~ 700 92 HRS
~ 90 HRB
. / / '/
~
/
/' 91 /' /" 25 HRC
600 /"
,v' ~:f. .{c (;'+ C
/ 91 600
/ /
r
/'
30
~
600
I 96,5
~
/ ,//
V 34
e 500 38
98
af
i 400
21 HRC
e
a
e
l
! (," ( 40
~
Ms 1- -- 1.. - - - I- - -
~
400
-, , -, 4.
" "-
A+ M f"-. ' -r, ::--.
300
300
-, ,
41
-:-- 53,5
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
/
Ac,
700
600
- ---
A C
I /A +c
/ ~
--:- ~ y-I---'
;) l,(c
t:::- -
---
-- -
_t-"
.-
23HRC
30
32
'700
"".
600
- 0-
V>.
I--
I/' , /
~ / ;;
V
-
7' A+
/
/
- --~
/"
~-
- ~
-
'--
37 HRC
41
~
~500
// 40
~
s 500
I ~+F, f+C
,
\
43
45
\
e
~
l
t, \ "
-, -, I
43
e
t \ r-,
.r-, r-,
" ,
46,5
47
~
400
-, <, , --;
r--.. <,
I
I
E '00
~ r-, ,~
........
"
"
I'..r-, " <,
r-,
49
300
" --, 300 " , 65
I"--- r-... <, I"'--.. " I"-. r-,
K'I'
.......... ..........
"
........
........ ;- r--.. r-, " -, <,
61
200 200
,
Msesliml! -- - - --- - - - -- - -- - I-- - - l- I--- - - I- - l - I-- -~
Ms/
esllm!
100 Il +" M
100
66 69.5
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10] 104 10' 1261020 60 100 200 600 103 la' 10J
Temps en seccndes I I I I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15 mil lh 2h 4h 8h 24h IT Imn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Dh 24h
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aden de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 205
I ..... .....1....-
700
A
)/ './ V
V I..-
l.- I-
~
93 HRD
700 ,
I
1...-
1/'"
I.---
{
·A
1/
/ Y: / V
~;' V 22 HRC \ i/ If c .-c
\(
600
/
.c
I~
(F +A
600 23 C +A
\ II G+ A+
II " ~
26.6 I'....
~
s 600
\ 1\\ ..... 1\ 24 •
a"
600
I.
\ ~, <,
r-,
r- l - t- I--
~
ae
"ll
400
~/ V
Ii 1:: F.
, .... " r-,
l"- r-,
26.5
37.5
iE
....
400
\
<,
r--- 1"--.
r--
~ I \ 1---. t-.
/ I
V-- 45,6 f_
Ms
300
.:..- - -
AeM
~ - ~ - l- I- f- I---
50
300
'A_austenite
CG""~~~~~lt~~;e
'- 1-
200
200 -
cA--1~~k~r::/::
+C) phase g(,
100
100
64
I 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10) 10' 10"
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 10' 104 10" Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
Temps en seecndes I I I I I I I I IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
IT Imn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h
--- - -
Ac,
i1
Ac,
800
po> -
-- - ~
V V
It!
76HRB
700
A/ , A (''(
700 80
I +F \
~/
I
~
l- i'- I"--.
600
V~
I .~
V I"- ::F c r-,
84
U A+1i
V· I 600
" "
89
~ ",. I
I
i'-- "
•e 600
I
~
i'- t...... "
/1/ r... • 600
~ / .F.C J _ I-- 1- f-I- - - f ' r-,
"ll
Ms
400
l- f- f-
"
~
~ I....
A M 400
300
Ms f-- I - I - - l - I - i - - ! - l - I- I- - 1 -. . - . - 1-
M,. +M
300
200
- -
200
100
100
34 HAC
44 HAC
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 600 10' 104 10"
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I 1251020 50 100 200 500 10) 10' 10'
IT Imn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h
Temps- en secondes I I I I J I I
IT Imn 2mn 15mn 1h 2h 4h 8h 24h
18 C 3 Steel Z 30 C 13 Steel
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.29% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.85% Si - 0.050% S -
0.010% P - 0.27% Ni - 0.79% Cr - 0.02% Mo - 0.02% Cu Grain 0.023% P - 0.18% Ni - 12.32% Cr - <0.10% Mo - 0.12% Cu -
size: 6 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min <0.05% V Grain size: 10 Austenitized at 1000 0C (1832 0F) for
900
30 min
~g 900
A<, I -
BOO
- - f- - I-- - l -I--
... e- a:
A C /
V --
/
f-' f-
-
o
700
V ~P
85 HRB
c+ F: r;(
88HRB
I A+F .- ~
lr-A +F (
"....
86.6
700
-, <,
91
C
,.... ro- r-. <,
I'--
98
600
,/
. ""..... '~ l"- i"""-
r-. r--...
91
93,6
600
r-,
i.......
r- I--
' - I"---
-- --- 20 HRC
~ 10- /
/
t-..... 96.6 -
~
600
{-/ I
I
I
/ -r-
l.- l -
!.-- po
J
20 HRC
~
s 600
e
~
~ 400 l - I- I - -
I
-t-- -r---
.- l-
I-- - 26 ~
~ M,
33
~ 400
~
A+M
300
300
M, - f- l- I- .- - r- l- e- I-
200 A+ C+
~IJO 1M
M.. - -
100
100
46
66
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10] IO~ 10J
Temps en seccndes I I I I I I I I 1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 IO} 10' 105
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h Temps en secoodes I 1 I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view ACt = 830°C
M90 = 155°C
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
70 C 1 Steel 95 C 3 Steel
Composition: 0.72% C - 0.35% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.050% S - Composition: 0.88% C - 0.41% Mn - 0.24% Si - 0.010% S -
0.011% P 0.06% Ni - 0.28% Cr - 0.049% Cu Grain size: 9-10 0.010% P - 0.10% Ni - 0.78% Cr - 0.05% Mo - 0.12% Cu
Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min
900 900
I
a:
BOO
Ac, f-- 1- - - - 1- - - - - I- - t--
I
0
BOO
Ac, I- - - - -
- - - - .=.A.t+~ - Ac, I - I-- e-- - e-- - t- e-- -
-zz: ~
- 1- - '-- -
700
A
.....-:: ....-:: -- ;;;...- 93HRB 700
V
,..... --V -- I--
1'//'-- ; /'
/-
1BHRe
V I
I
/ V 28 HRC
32
600 26 600
~/
/
/ 27 A C ( , ~ 39
~ ~ , \
I"--
~ 600 32 s 600 36
i" II
t FI c
I
e +FI+c
\ e c
: V 38
j t
I 34
~ 400
\ -, 34.6 E 400
\
I\. 42
-,
~
\ '\ -, ~ <, -, <,
\
, -, I'-.. 34 i'- 48
"
\
-,
r"\..
300
M,
200
I-- - ~
A M
-'
,
- c-- - - - ~- f-- - .-
300
M,
200
t-- -- f- t-- t-- t--
r- ~ "" ~
r-
-. -'- i - f-- - l-
62
58
61
100 100
66
.
64.6
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 600 10' 10' IDs 1 2 6 10 20 50 100 200 600 10) 10' 10
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT Imn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h IT lmn z mn 16mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication F'rancaiae, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of TIme-Temperature Diagrams 207
700
I-- I-- I-- - ~
V
t::; I.-:- :: Fe- I~
- I.- -- - I- I-l-
24.5 HRC
A"
700
- --
V
l-
t-boo L,...- I--i-- i--
- - - f-
A c V ,/V V I,....--
V
1/ ~ 1/
28,6 A'/ ," 96,6 HRS
/ , / ,
A F
600
II
34 600
I
. f\ ,
f cN- i I
i
98,6
~
~500
I
\
37
36
~ .- A
: i r--.. i I I,
99,6
20.5 HRC
~
A c F~ C'\ ~
e
500
t' V , ,.!....
-l-L
, :/ ! i
I
tV I I r-, I
1"\ 36
I
1"- r-,
I
, ~ A t~
28
! 400
\
, -,
r-,
39 "It
400
tC
-H--
\
~ ,!
,,
, -, r-,
46,5 Ms - ri-AM - f- "--
\
42,6
300 "'r-.. -,
, r-,
61 300
i , :I
' ,
I'- r-, , 67 i I
t'-
I
M,
200
I-- I- ~
62 200
: I I
A c M iI
100 100
I i i
I
!
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view
30 SC 6 Steel 12 NC 15 Steel
Composition: 0.28% C - 0.92% Mn - 1.49% Si - 0.018% S - Composition: 0.18% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.83% Si - 0.016% S -
0.001% P - 0.12% Ni - 0.99% Cr - 0.10% Cu Grain size: 9-10 0.008% P - 3.42% Ni - 0.86% Cr - 0.08% Mo - 0.16% Cu Grain
Austenitized at 926°C (1700 0F) for 80 min size: 9-13 Austenitized at 860°0 (1662°F) for 30 min
900 900
Ao, -I-- - t-- I-- - I- -- ~ - - 1- - - ]g
a:
A" - - - l- - - - ~ -
---
'fl
800
Ao, - I-- - .- - t5
e 800
A l.--
700
V L---- l -
~
I-- l- I- --
VV
V 1/
~
s
600
h ~ ~V
t- --- -- ~ r----
.,' r-
l>-
- .'
-
-- -" - + +
r--... r-,
22 HRC
27
~
600
II V
~
1-- ,-
A
~-
F
. ....:
I ....
~ A+ +C I - t--
r---:: t--...
t-.
87 HRS
e
600
,
,
,,
I'.
........ V I--'"
27
~
~e
500
V/
- .- -
--- t"--
V 1/ -
~
l 400 • t(
,
!
V
D 34,5
"It
400
--
~ ~ -==---
-- .-
~ $ M, l - i - ~- l - I - f -
M, I - i - . - -1- ,- I - i - - - I.L
I
- I- .- - 43.5
35 HRC
A M
300 300
A ·r
200 200
100 100
51
IA3
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10) 10' lOS 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 IOl 10' lOS
Temps en secondes I I 1 I 1 I I 1 Temps en secondes I I 1 1 I I I 1
IT Imn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
208 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
40 NC 18 Steel 20 ND 8 Steel
Composition: 0.42% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.012% S - Composition: 0.21% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.010% S -
0.013% P - 4.40% Ni - 1.25% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.14% Cu - 0.008% P - 1.84% Ni - 0.07% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.09% Cu Grain
0.02% Al Grain size: 11-12 Austenitized at 860°C (1562 0F) for size: 10 Austenitized at 876°C (1610 0F) for 30 min
30 min
900 900
A., .- - - - f - -- -
800 800 - [- f- f- -
A., ........ ~
1- -- - - - - - - - - A
/
Ac, ./
700
Ac,
I-- [ - - -
-- A
700
/
V
~-
.- '7" ,....
-- - --
~
- - -- '--
f-- ;- ~
-=
~
600
A
<, A Z C
.........
......... ,,:' - ~
600
?, V
A
,;" ~
'A+
~ ::-:: ~A +F +C
~
- -V
~ 600 c 500
/' / .....
l
e
ae
t'!-
400
V
j
....
~
~ 400
Ms -
If - f - f-'
I
I
- f- r-
l-
--' -
~
23 HRC
I A+F C A+M
:lOO
I
-- - -- --
:lOO
I
Ms - f- f-
I<\+M
- f-- 1- - f-' - - L 1- - f- r-
200
M..
_. - 200
M..
100
--- tOO
69.6 HAC
'251020 60 '00 200 500 10) 10' 101 1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10J 104 105
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
IT 1 mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
12 ND 16 Steel 30 C 5 Steel
Composition: 0.08% C - 0.36% Mn - 0.06% Si - 0.020% S - Composition: 0.30% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.016% S -
0.010% P - 4.06% Ni - 0.07% Or - 0.88% Mo - 0.16% Cu Grain 0.012% P - 0.09% Ni - 1.28% Cr - 0.09% Cu - 0.060% V Grain
size: 11 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min size: 10 Austenitized at 876°C (1610 0F) for 30 min
900
!g 900
a:
Ae,
- - - -- Ae, -- - C- .- - - - ,..... f- f- - f- -
800
~
-
900
-- I-- :;::..-I- ~ f- - - -
--
0 Ac, f- f- f- -
..,
-
,;" ~ l-
V,
700
Ac, - f- -- ....... r-- -f-- - -- 700
/'
V ,, -" ( . / 88HR9
A ,.,..... I---" A/ \ 96
A+ F ,r <,
--
./ A FI\ A'f.E+
- - - -,
'-
600
~ . , -- .'-,
r-- I-
99.6
-
".
r- 26 HRC
~
s --_.- - - --- - - - ~
" V -- --
--
600 600 26
~ --::: -/ ,, r--
- --
7'
e , )-
)
~
A+ +c ae
,,
30
11 l +Fi +C
I I-
"f /J /
400 I-- I - t-'" ~
- r- - - - - r- - 22 .s HRC
t'!-
400
i I
.... M,
~+ M,
l---l - - f-- - f-- f- oW.s
300 :lOO
A M
200 200
100 100
36
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 209
700
/' / V--( 99 HRB 700
\
tC
...... I - -- ~ I-
,V tF \ [)
\ V V'
j', VtCtFtC
I
.>
,
r-,
26.6 HRC 1/ 41 HRC
I~ 1'-
- ,... --
600 29 600 43
A ..... " t- I-- I--
r--.... '">:::: t::- r-
~
600
1\ / ' 1/
~ .... .......... .....
-~ ... ~~) ~ F C
30
27
~
600 ~ l -r- I-- ;--
'-
61
.~
0
V ~~
f
a I V P-
30,6
e
aE
1'\+ ,~ +C Cr- r--
I>-
'-,
'-
/'
- F--+C -
I-
.£ t~ + \ V
~400 34,6 ~ 400
~
M, I- lL - : I 39
t'! i
r M:C+
\,
300 300 "- , It- l - 66
A M
i"'-. r-, 1::'" - r--. ,
I"""- t-
200 200 .....
100 100
M,
A I-c+',----1- --
62,6 I- , - t- t- t- t- t--- t- t- t-- f-- 23
1251020 60 100 200 600 10) 104 lOS 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 500 10) 1()1 lOS
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT 1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h IT 1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
-
- 700 94 HRB
~
I
V
-V-V K
~
700
A 25HRC
F ./ (, (
/' ~ /
C A/ r-, r-.....
---
23,6 HRC
30 ....- ,
/
600
1/ i'-- r----. ,- r- 26
'--
600 36
/
l/
-
i"- r-, Po 'f-f tC
29
,
Ft
"
41 ~
~
I
1\
- - --
~ --
c c 600
-
'- -
0
~ ~~
600
I
41,6
e
,/ '-
e a
--
\
E
\
,, D 41,6 .£ I
i \ ~ 400 3B
,
......... i--"'"- -
400 43,5
<, t'!
~
,,~ -
M,
<, 1- - 1 - - 1- - r-- - - 44
<, 46
300
........ '::"r..... 64
300
A+ M
49,6
" <,
<,
<,
,
200
I'-- r-... l:' <, 66
200
M, - I-- 1-
A C M
- - - ' - - 1- ~ :.....
100 100
66 62,6
-,.s- --
900
~
-:: !8
Ac, I--1-
-
- - -
-
--
-
-
-
-I-- - r-r- I--
-
,--
-
,-
............ i-o-' I " /
»>
a:
p ~
800 I-- r-' I--
800
~F
Ac, I
V~
o
- - , I,
700
A
,
~
26HRC
AC ( A+ +F C " -,
"-, "- ......... 98 HR8
~ It-I'-....
700 21 HRC
(
F+
::-... I'.. <, "
<,
'*,
" I'--.r-....
31
r--. r-..
"
~ ~ r- 2'
~
~ 500
600 r-, <,,
~-
r- t-- I'"'"-- r-
,-
,-
I'"'"--
-, I"-
-,
-
35
~
.500
500
r--
- '- '-- ' -
, 26
VV
~
~
a
- -- - - -- - ~
!
~
400
I I
,
~
~
400
I A F+ ~
300
,
I
. V 44,5
49 300
M, - - - I- - - l- f----- - I-- 1 -
A M I-- - I-- I-- 1- - .- l- I- f-- - f- I--- - f-
M"
200
-- -- A C M
M.. I-- -
.-
Moo l -
'00 100
61.5 56
Ac, - 1- - - - I-
1a:
I
a:
800
~
o
800
- - l- I-- I--
-- ~
./ - - 1- I- - 1- - I - - I-- I--
Ac, Ac,
-
;'
700
/ A+ F /-
700
- ,. .-
--...-
" (~ ....... 10- ~
~
1/ V A
-'
,- C 30HRC
c: ~
,.....
V / 1/
500
/' ,/
." -, A FoC ;-....,
l-
86 HRS 600
V f
/
35
I
38,5
......
- ---
~ I ~
500 , ........ 500 39
~
e !/ ,f
I
10- ~
~
\
\
..... ,
41
~
f' ...... ~
~ 97.5 HRB
ir '\ \
\
~
1~oo
M,
~ +1\
- - e:
V
- - I---
21.5 HRC
~
400
"- <,
" ,
-- "
......... I'-..... " ,
:~
<,
r-,
43
48,5
300 300 53
......... '" , <,
........
r-....... r-, -, r-, <, 58
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aden de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 271
30 NCD 8 Steel
Composition: 0.32% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.27% Si - 1.90% Ni -
1.80% Cr - 0.68% Mo Grain size: 10 Austenitized at 875°C
(160~F) for 30 min
9000 c
LIVE GRAPH so 0
A.<:;j r- 1- -t- - - -- r-- f--
Click here to view ACll-- e- - t- - - - - - -
-
I- -I- I-
A F
700
~
I~ .Ftt C( S9Rb
600
" '~I'-
"
500
1/
.u
a:
~I 400 I;"
--- -
If , ~
,, .-
M• I
I
A F C 1"- F+C
30 0 HRc
A ..M
20 0
100
c:
.~ 'f .~
~
c "" "" ~""
c
I~ '" ,I J .,,1 55,5
c c C c
III
c III :;! C
'"
C
III
C
C
e-
C
C
c
C
III
c
s
c
g
c
c
C
C
c
C
c sc sc
IT '" CO< III :;! C
III l'!
Temps en secondes '"
SOURCE: G. Delbart, A. Constant, Courbes de Transformation des aciers de fabrication francaise, vol II, IRSID, Saint-Germain-
En-Laye, 1956
30 NC 12 Steel 35 NC 11 Steel
Composition: 0.33% C - 0.61% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.016% S _ Composition: 0.37% C - 0.59% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.025% S -
0.008% P - 3.38% Ni - 0.83% Cr - 0.03% Mo - 0.13% Cu Grain 0.017% P - 2.54% Ni - 0.94% Cr - 0.12% Mo - 0.20% Cu Grain
size: 8 Austenitized at 825°C (1520°F) for 30 min size: 10-13 Austenitized at 860°C (1562 0F) for 30 min
900
~~
900
0:
BOO
~ BOO
Ac, I- - r- - - - - - 0
Ac, .- - r- - I- i-- - - r-- r-- . - r- -
~Ob Ac, - .- r- r- - - - I- - r--- -
600
/
,/
V Io0o-
V I-- r- --
L.--
- -
99 HRS
700
A
V"
F
,.....
Ie r--. - ,r:::-
V ~I ,- - .c -' I::":'" f-
I.-
~
90 HRB
tF. C I'-- r-
~
21 HAC
A
At N P: '- -, r- r- 23 HRC
600
~ t:"
A-I" ..... l-
~ I- r--. r-, r- ~ I;" f-"
-, ,
s 600 -"
e I - f"""- t:::::. ) ~ 600
~i"'"' 1"_, -'
e
II -- - ---
~
~
,".
400
1--"10-
I
, --At - +C
~-
1-- i~ 400 I " IA p' ·lo
r~ 1'""':
1\
\ to- ,". I
\ \
V 38
,
I
Ms ,J I
300 46
300
-I-- 47
Ms
AtM ~+M
200
200
100
'00
0
~ ,6 68
1251020 50 100 200 500 10) 104 lOS 1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 to} 104 10$
Temps en secondes I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 Temps en secondes 1 1 1 1 1 I I
IT 'l mn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h Dh 24h IT 1 ron 2mn 15mn Ih 2h q h 8h 24h
10 NC 12 Steel 14 NC 12 Steel
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.33% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.006% S - Composition: 0.15% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.006% S -
0.010% P - 3.02% Ni - 0.68% Cr - 0.19% Mo - 0.14% Cu Grain 0.016% P - 3.09% Ni - 0.84% Cr - 0.14% Mo - 0.12% Cu Grain
size: 9 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min size: 8-9 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min
900 900
I
0:
800
Ac,
'- - - »: - - -- --
800
At,
Ac,
700
i-
1- - -
6,
I- I-- I-- 1- ;,......
V
b--'_ --- f-- 1- - f--- .-
-- - k-- t:::
;'
A
/ ,
/
/""
f-- V A +F
V
-
t
A+ ('
-- - --- - -,
600 82 HR8 600 85 HAS
/ <,
r- / -~ l>-
~
c500
//'
- - --- -- - -- ~ t ." .-'""
-- ~ 500
.' -- -- - -- -
l
-
e e
-- -
/ ,
~ /' :-- A F C ~ /
f400
~ Ms -
/
, - - I I-- - F - - - f0- e-
27 HRC "ll
E 400
i
I
I"..- 7i:+ F+C
I--
{!. - I--
'\+~ M, 1--'
f.+M
300
300
200
200
100
100
38
43 Ac
1251020 50 100 200 500 10 1 10· 10'
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I 1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 500 101 10' 10'
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT 1 mn 2mn 15mn lh2h4h8h 24 h
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view
32 NCD 15 Steel
Composition: 0.31% C - 0.50% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.006% S -
0.010% P - 3.33% Ni - 1.20% Cr - 0.60% Mo - 0.16% Cu -
<0.03% V - 0.08% W Grain size: 11 Austenitized at 860°C
(1562 0F) for 30 min
900
800
At, - - - - 1- - I- ,- - I - .- - - f0- r-
Ac,
700
- I-A: ~
~
A+F
600
A
~
~ 600
~ V 100-
~" 400
V t +F +C
-- - -
-
{!.
/ /
,...-
M, I /
/' "..-
;-
300
A M
200
100
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
65
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aders de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1914
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 213
30 NCD 12 Steel
Composition: 0.30% C - 0.40% Mn - 0.30% Si - 3.20% Ni -
0.86% Cr - 0.40% Mo Grain size: 12-13 Austenitized at 860°C
(1662 0F) for 30 min
I"" '" I"" ""
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view 8001--1--1--f---l-lf--+-+--+-+-++-f--+-+--+--j
~Ijl
AC3 _ - - - f - f-- - - r--- .-
Ac, ,-- --I-f-- - f-
700
e'A"F GJ(
~ I"-
A -- I--
"
['..~
t-'"
v· , +r
f /
/ - -
.1 .C
-- - --- -
100 I---+-+--t---ll--+---+---+-t-+---+--+-+-+-+-----I---j
.~ ~ I ~
I .1.
on
o
IT TempI en secondel
SOURCE: G. Delbart, A. Constant, Courbes de Transformation des aciers de fabrication francaise, vol II, IRSID, Saint-Germain-
En-Laye, 1966
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
35 NCD 16 Steel 16 NC 18 Steel
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.006% S - Composition: 0.16% C - 0.48% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.010% Si -
0.010% P - 3.70% Ni - 1.66% Cr - 0.23% Mo - 0.12% Cu Grain 0.012% P - 4.21% Ni - 1.00% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 0.21% Cu Grain
size: 10-12 Austenitized at 860°C (1662~) for 30 min size: 10-11 Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
900 900
~
8
a:
BOO
f-- - 1--l - I- i - - l--- l - I - 1-- I-- I-- .- !c BOO
Ae,
f&l
6:== ~ /
:::
A.,
700
Ac,
f--
I--
-
-
l-
-
I - 1-
- t- -
-
-
- -
.7
-
C I-
-
..... ~
-
-
f-
-
-
-
~ 1/~+ +C / A F~ C
~
s
600
500
I ' r-
- --
- ~
c
~
600
500
A
/
,/
-- -
;'
1-
A+F
- - r- -
~
e
af
400
./
e
~
~ 400
I f-
/
-- -
- - -- ,
~
I A_+f =S: /
~
I
/' M,
-- ---, - t-
A
I~ -+C I -
I
300 300
M, f- - l.- I--I-- --I- .!- - I-- f- I - I-- A+ M
A.M
Moo
200 - - 200
Moo - -
100 100
56HRC 44 HRC
1251020 60 100 200 500 10' 10' 10! 50 100 200 500 10] 104 10'
1 2 6 10 20
IT Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h IT 1 mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h
=
ACI 700°C AC3 785°C =
M60 = 216°C M90 = 166°C
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
274 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
800
-- .- - :::;:..; .....
----- ;;.. :;:
I.- ;;:: ~ ~
o
--
- - - 1-
»: .-
AD, 92 HRB
700
;,-
-'
",
,/ / ---
-- - 28,5 HRC 700
l A. c- F. ........ ........
26 HRC
( K .......
-
34
37 ........
---
\, 43 600 ............ --
600
-, <,
~)' .:'- -;
47
~
A c
........
~ A• C <, 44.6 ii 600
ii 600 )
e
il
.li It ..c F C'- -- ~
..........
,/ 38
I
~ 400
~ 400 43
I"~ \ f"- I..-
f"-
300
\ \
{
-, \ r-,
~
4
52,5 300
~
<,
C I'_!" 1:
" "
- - -
............. I'-.... --, , ,
M, f-- - -- - - t--- ....... "
~ ~ ~ ~ 1-- -
68
M,
200
, h --
68,5
200
A. c+ ~
A c ..1Ii
100
100
65
D2,5
I
a:
800
AD,
- - --
A
r~
- = e ::;;..;. -
6:::= --
, 1/
- -=- -
92 HRB
800
Ac, - - - - - - -
V
- -
I...- !--
I,...- , - '~ ~ ~
-- ~
o
I~ <, V
25HRC 22HRC
"
r-.. r- r--
~ :c (
C i
'- c+
A C r-.... -- r-
30
( ........
31
300
II , ,,
-
, »>
l-
J. +c
I-
F+f-
.-.....
60
f"-
M,
300
\
I
I
V 46,5
52,5
M, A c+ M
A. .1\1
200 200
100
100
63
60.5
0
o 50 100 200 500 10]
1 2 5 10 20 10 4 10$
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 &00 tal 10' 10' I I I
Temps en secondes I I I I
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I IT 1mn 2m" 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h
IT 1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h
LIVE GRAPH
LIVE GRAPH Click here to view
Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 215
600
~ e-,
" .........
'- 1"'--0
23
600
1"'--0 r---
1"'--0-
r-::: ~
~ ~
~ 600 """" s
f
600
f
i!
~ / -- -- - -- - - -- -
i~
/
A+/:+ +(
I
j'?
400
/
....
400
Ms
I- i-- - '-
I
- I-- I - t-- -
300
,..- ---- --
c+ F+ ,~
1"- A
300 49
M.. - -- A+ +M
Ms
200
I- t-- .- r--- . - ~ r------ - I- 12,. i -
200 A ctM
M.. M.. - -
'00
100
65
61,6
I 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 &00 10] 1~ 101
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 10 3 Hf lOs Temps en secondes I I I I I I I
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I IT 1mn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h Bh 24h
IT t mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
35 NC 15 Steel
Composition: 0.38% C - 0.44% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.003% S -
0.018% P - 3.40% Ni - 1.60% Cr - 0.15% Mo - 0.13% Cu -
0.016% V Grain size: 6-7 Austenitized at 926°C (1700 0F) for 30
min
900
800
Ac, - I- -- - - t-- r-r-' - - - - - - - -
LIVE GRAPH Ac, .- I- - - 1-
Click here to view 700
A F
---
~
:::-
,
, -- ,-
I.--
--
99 HRS
<:
600
Ft 00
I"-
A '--
~ r--
~ 600
f
]
~ 400
j'? V
A F
-- -- - -- --
300
II C
/
/
--
/'
~ 61
46 HRC
Ms i - l-r-
200
A+M
100
53
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
216 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
35 NCDV 10 Steel
Composition: 0.34% C - 0.52% Mn - 0.37% Si - 2.65% Ni -
1.80% Cr - 0.53% Mo - 0.15% V - 0.20% Cu Grain size: 10-11
Austenitized at 900°C (1652 0F) for 30 min
9011"C I""
""
600 ~
I-
0
V -- -- --
),/ /
A+ ~:!"C -
,-'
I- 44Rc
300
M5 - - 1 - -l - f-- If-- I' F c- ~.
I
A M
20 0
100
.~
.~
~
c c
'f
Ii! "" "" ""
0
'I .~
.
.I 55
0 0 0
0 0
0
It>
l2 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 8 0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
e- N It> N It> 0
e--
0
N
0
It>
:: 0
N
0
It> :: 0
N
0
It>
0
::
IT Temps en u!(onde.
SOURCE: G. Delbart, A. Constant, Courbes de Transformation des aciers de fabrication francaise, vol I, IRSID, Saint-Germain-
En-Laye, 1953
LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Z 200 C 12 Steel Click here to view Z 160 CDV 12 Steel Click here to view
Composition: 1.78% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 1.56% C - 0.37% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.001% S -
0.025% P - 0.35% Ni - 11.70% Cr - 0.61% Mo - 0.090% V - 0.020% P - 0.26% Ni - 12.46% Cr - 0.54% Mo - 0.10% CII -
0.63% W Grain size: 11 Austenitized at 950°C (1742 0F) for 30 0.65% V - 0.28% W Grain size: 11 Austenitized at 10000C
min (1832 0F) for 30 min
900 900
! !8
l- ~
a:
Ac, I - .- f-- I-- - l- I-- I - .- l - I- 1-1- Ac, I - I--l - I- l- I- I - I - 1-1-- I--I - I - --
800
I..- ~ ~
I---l-- .'
V- , ...... V- I- l - 6
BOO
1-I-
~
I-
-- I""" 6
A c
v: +c 'F Cl
20 HAC
V r:/V
~ 22 HAC
r-, 1'- -.
700 32 32
r-,
700
\ +c +t= :r--., t-,
<, 1'-r-... 32
J'... \0.... 35
600
~ v-,
..... 1"- -,
t- r- '-
t-
, 33 600
"
-- ---
r- t- t-
l"--
l - t-
- 35
~ ~
~ 500 ~500
e e A c
~ ~
~ 400 } 400
~ ~
L.-- l--
300
1/ A c F C
-- - 300
l -I -
1\ I
I A+~ +F S
Ms
>- .- --
r-,
00
A+c+M
200 200
Ms I- .- I - >--- 1- >--- I - I- f"'"
A c M
Moo --
'00
63 66
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 600 10) ,0' 10' , 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 10) 'D' 10'
Temps en seccodes I I I I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT 1 rnn 2mn 15mn , h 2h 4 h 8h 24 h IT 1mn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4 h 8h 24 h
AC1 = 815°C M s = 255°C AC1 = 815°C M s = 185°C M50 = 140°C M90= 95°C
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 277
- --
(A+ c F+ C 700 30
, 32.6
700
-, ........ , r-, ' .......
r--.,
~
600
r--... r-
- ~
600
r-, '-
I'
-
I'-
35
~600
~ 600
~ LIVE GRAPH
~E ~ Click here to view
~ 400
f
{!.
400 ~
fo-" 300
V ~
, - -- -
r -c tc .p.~
~
300 C
+c +,
I~ r-, , IF r-, '-.
'-
I'- ~ - 200
.......
200
Ms
l -I-- -- - - - -- - - - - - - -
-- Ms l -I - -
- .-
At c M
- r- l- f- - - - .- ~ 1'- .-
100
A c+M
63,6
64.6
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 10 J 104 lOS
10 4 10J
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 lOJ IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Dh 24h
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT 1mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
Z 80 WeDX 12-04-02-02 Steel Z 85 wev 18-04-02 Steel
Composition: 0.82% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.25% Si - 0.010% S - Composition: 0.79% C - 0.17% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.026% S -
0.032% P - 0.20% Ni - 4.10% Cr - 1.60% Mo - 2.060% V - 0.036% P - 0.08% Ni - 4.00% Cr - 0.20% Mo - 2.110% V -
12.10% W Grain size: 9-10 Austenitized at 1275 0C (2330 0F) for 18.16% W - 0.17% Co Grain size: 11 Austenitized at 1276 0C
10 min (2330 0F) for 10 min
900 900
~ U
I,
8 A., t-- ~I- l - . -e-- I - t-- I - I-- "8
A., I-- I- I-- - f- a:
~ 1-0- ,.,. - r;.;. ~ a:
800
fo-" ,- - f 800
, 27 HRC
yV ," 6
+CI
I\tc I AtctF tC ( At~ ~,~ r-, 30
700
--- JOHRC 700
....... 33
'i'.
r-, t-
r-, <, -. -.
r---. ..... -
--
600
r- 600
~
~
~600 600
~
e f
~
l 400 t
-
{!. E 400
{!.
, -
300
' ........ r---.
At ~t Fee 300
.".-
- -- --
200
r--.. ........ --- Ms <,
Atc tF c:.J
- -.
....... 200
At ct M
Ms I-- 1- l- f-
II.:; t M
- - l- f- 1- - - I- r- Moo
-
100
Moo - 100
61
64
1 2 6 10 20 50 tOO200 500 10) 104 10J 0
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I 1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 101 10" lOS
IT 1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Dh 24h
I I I
Temps en secondes I I I I I
LIVE GRAPH IT 1 mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Dh 24h
Click here to view
LIVE GRAPH
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974 Click here to view
278 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
~
~ 500
~
~ 600 e
f ~
'li
~ ~
- -- - -- - ~
400
r
I-
400
M,
L...... A• •F. ~ 1=
,I.--
A c M 300 -..; .L :-±- F .,.- - -- --
r-, \ ,
300
r--- r-, 1-....."
200
100
200
M,
100
M"
-
A+c
---
- -
M
'- - l- i - - l- i -
"
- I- -
- -
r-
- -- - 64,5
53 1
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 10) 10' 10
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 lOl 10' IO~ IT 1mn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I
IT 1 mn 2 mn 15 mn 1h 2h 4h 8h 24 h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
Z 80 WKCV 18-10-04-02 Steel Z 80 WKCV 18-10-04-02 Steel
Composition: 0.80% C - 0.29% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.026% S - Composition: 0.89% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.18% Si - 3.90% Cr -
0.018% P - 4.40% Cr - 0.37% Mo - 1.600% V - 19.20% W - 1.030% V - 19.10% W - 9.66% Co Austenitized at 1280 0C
9.30% Co Grain size: 9-10 Austenitized at 1276 0C (2330 0F) for (2336 0 F ) for 10 min
10 min 900
900 H
!g M,
f- - - i- - - l- i - - 1- , -I -
og
0:
- ,
Ac,
- 1- - '-f- f-- - -~ - l- f- - - ,..- - a: 800
V
p
-- -- V
-c·( ~
-
BOO
Atc Atc c1 V f-' /
? o
33 HRC
A+c t+ + ~. C ( r-, 31 HRC
~ tel It!'"
I' c ""
- --
700
r-, t--- r- '"
700
1' ....
- ....
r-, - --
"
~
t- t-
"-
300 -- 300
....1--
I~ r-,
+c +F+ ,.- "
VAt ct F+r( ,
r--.-..(
,, r-....
200 , 200 '"
~
M, f-- - 1-- l- f- - l -I - - f- ~ f>- 1- - 1-
At tM M, i - l - I- -- -- I- I-- l- I- I-- 1-
100 100
M" - - A c+ M
65 M.. - - B3
0
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 10) 10' 10' 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 600 10) 104 lOS
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT l rnn 2mn ts mn 1h 2h 4 h Bh 24 h IT 1mn 2mn 16mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h
-
900 900
Ac,
BOO
- -- - - -
A+
~ - - - -
.-- , - -- =
~g
a:
"ll
e
il
Ac,
BOO
'"- - -- - -
~
-
-'
I
-
, ...
-
31 HRC
--
<, ........ .......
, -...
~
s
~
600
600
<,
--- ,
-
~
s
~
600
600
~ ~
"ll
'00 l 400
~
--
~
300
(
r-,
A C +,1'-1 e--- -- --
300
\
/' - c F \.(:
,- -
t-... -; -- --
I-...... ......
~ ...... -
200 200
<;
r--. M, l - f- - - - - - - - - -- - -~
'"
M,
100
- I-
A"" c- 1M" - - - - -- - - f-
100
A c+M
Moo --
65 62
1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 500 10) 10' 10' 1 2 5 10 20 60 100 200 600 103 104 10'
Temps en secondes I I I 1 I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I 1
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h Bh 24h IT Imn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Z 80 WDCV 6 Steel
55 NCDV 7 Steel
Composition: 0.66% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.004% S - Composition: 0.76% C - 0.26% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.031% S -
0.014% P - 1.66% Ni - 1.00% Cr - 0.36% Mo - 0.11% Cu - 0.026% P - 4.64% Cr - 6.76% Mo - 2.060% V - 6.60% W -
0.220% V - 0.08% W Grain size: 12 Austenitized at 860°C 0.86% Co Grain size: 9-10 Austenitized at 1226 0C (2240 0 F ) for
(1662 0F) for 30 min 10 min
900 900
~g
- - -- - -- - -- _. I
- - - -
--
a: Ac, a:
Ac,
BOO - - -- - - - ~
- - - - ! BOO ~
c /" , --;;- ;;;0 il
-
22.5 HRC
(~+ + +C I
( ----
Ac,
700 - -I- I-- - ~ 1- - ~ 1- ~
- - 700 27
- - -"--
-,
A+c ,- - - - -, .... , 29
~ c:,...-1- , t-,
- -"""
F
600
<;
I- - r-
--
i""'--.
20.5 HRC 600
A+c
f-
t--
-
~
500 J ~ 600
~
,/ ~
-- - -- "ll
'00
'00
\
,
~
300
\.
I\.
,
I
I
\
+c F C
L1 - -
v - 48 300
/"
(~ +c +F
- -
M,
'"- I-- - I- ' - '"-
~ r-- .;
C
A c M
200
M, F""
A c M
Moo - -
100 100
61,6 64
1 2 6 10 20 60 100 200 600 10' 104 10 J 1251020 60 100 200 500 103 104 la'
Temps en secondes I I 1 I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h IT 1mn 2mn 15mn lh 2h 4h 8h 24h
ACI = 716°C
M60 = 200°C LIVE GRAPH LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
220 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
-
900
900
P,~ H
~
Ac,
BOO
f-- - - - 1- - -
V
- , - --:.=
08
a:
28 HRC
Ao,
800
- 1- - -l- f - - - -- f- - :- ~- . - .-
~
, - i;
II"
og
a:
25.5 HRC
Atc
( A+ c+ F~ CI\... I
31 I 29.5
- - --
Ac ( A+ c+ FI\ CI\...
700
j'............. --- 34.6 700
r--.. <,
32
?
600
-
~600 s 600
e e
~
l400 i 400
~
-- -
,"!.
>--
300 - - -- 300 -
A+ c+
\. ......... F+C \ A c 1(+
--
200
M,
100
f- -- - -- - -- - -- -
A+c +M
r-
--
--
-- -
-
200
M,
100
f-- r-
A c M
- --- - - - - -- - -- .::::::
I'-... r- ~
63,6
64.6
1261020 60 100 200 500 tOJ 104 10' 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 10 1 10. la'
Temps en secondes I I I I I I I I Temps en secondes I I I I I I I
IT lmn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h IT Imn 2mn 15mn Ih 2h 4h 8h 24h
''- ....... -- - - I-
-
43
?
.600
e
600
-...
I-
- I-
~
i
--
400
,"!.
r' -
--
300
~ +c +' F C"'-
,
I'-- r-.. -- -
200
M,
100
I i ;C :M - - - - - - - --- - -
-
-
65,6
SOURCE: Courbes de Transformation des Aciers de Fabrication Francaise, IRSID, Paris, France, 1974
Benelux Steels
CCl Diagrams
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 223
Time to timperature
~ustenitizing temperature Units f or HV test
l'4~ur'~ d~ chauff. / . 30 min.
800 Durf~ d'austfnit. 15 min.
T~mp~r.tur~ d'austfnit. 890'C
- .. .. !
Grain .ustfnit.~ 10 I - _ ... .- _. ... -I- . . . -- . .. - - ..
Ac 3: 842'C (786'C Austenite grain size
700 Ac 1: 708'C
G
--
..
F +c e--
~ .. ..-----.. -
- . ... --
.- -~ . -- .
-- .- - -
l '=
'-_ - .. --
.
...
N
. III E
p
600
.,.- ~ ....
'/"" i-o"'"
(if'"
...0- f-
Ferrite + cementite
... L
e--
~5oo
V -f..-- - ... Cl
•
1
:J
V' B.... _._
Bainite.
... -- ._. --- - e--. . _-- ._." -- ,-. '--- - '- . -. li:
~
400
y
~ II ''-- . _. -- t
15
III
~ _... :;
-- - - _.- 1- .. . -- .- - .. _.. --.- -' 600 '..
,; -;
300 A 1-.. -- 5
I
,/ l o
._~- . . -. -- Vickers hardness 400
M II( Martensite
200
- -ll-
~ to- -- '""""-
- ..- I--
.
-~-I - . - -e- .- ... --
0J-j--
100 .- -~-
-I-x
- f- ~. _.-
-I- . ..
- .. --
-- ~
.. .~.
-- --
-- -tit
--.
200
4 • • 1 • • 10'
/
Vickers hardness (30 kg load)
.
··
.,
'00
~ :;.. -- --
- -
- - -
s - - -- .- -
- - -- .
- -
-- , ls00.,
°
AC3 = 842 C
,00 1
300 f--
V : - - -- . -
M
200
100
~
0
.
- - · .
f.-
t-
--
, .
.
--I-
. -, .... -t
"
ourh du '."oldl ....mtill .nlr. 100.' 1500'C - min.
..... • ,loJ
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view '00
Our" d'.u.llnl,-
Temptl.lur. d'aual4nlt, 825'C
Grain .",1141'11.
Ac3: 79,'e
Ac 1: 725'C
(757'C)
.-.
15m!n . -- f--
• 00
/ ......
F.C r-
I-- -
_. -- •
. 11~ --- f.- - - --
- -
,
.
I
It- - f.- - - -
300 -- -- I-- - --
M
f.- - - - ,00
I'.
'00 --
'" ,
00
I
'00 - --- -
,.-, I
. , ... 0 , .,
Durh du r.rroldilumenl ,nl,. 800 'I 500'C - min.
• • Id , , , .
038
Composition: 0.771% C - 0.784% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.021% S -
0.013% P Austenitized at 960°C (1742 0F)
r- --
_. Foe
.00 f.- - - -
.
II ==
-
~
r . .
s
- -
- -- -- --- · ---- -
- -- -- - -
300
'00 -
-
-
-
M
---
-
--
---
·
--
- -
--
~
-
..
- - -
.. -
'00 r- ---,. - .
.
-- -- -
, • • 10 . "
Dur" du r.'roldll..mtnl tnlr. 800.1 500'C - min.
• I 10 I •
,
10
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aden Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 225
..
I- - - -
- t-- -- --- i
.+-.:
0
~- 0
"
600 _.
. , 1
M
300 , --- - - I- --
'00
..... -- ...
-
- - - -
00
r~1-- - - H.
. 200
. ..
-I- ---- - -- - -
. , .,
'00
10 0 , HT , ,, , Id 10
045
Composition: 0.36% C - 1.59% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.03% S
- 0.02% P Grain size: 7-8 Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for
15 min
... Our'"
ourl. d. chaufL
r.mp4r.lur.
d',u."nll.
Or,ln lu.llolI:
35mln.
15mln.
d'IUllkllt. 850'C
7-8
- - -- - --
I- - - -- -
300I-- -
I- - ..... .j... - ,00
.
~
M -
'00 I--
"- ,--- . - -_It!
I- -,- -- .- - 200
'00 1-
'0
-e
d • • 10 . "
- - -
• • 10
-
551
Composition: 0.09% C - 0.45% Mn - 0.40% Si - 0.01% S
- 0.02% P - 0.18% Ni - 12.30% Cr Grain size: 9-10 Austenitleed
at 980°C (1796 0F) for 30 min
~1I
Our'. de chlull 35mln
00 Dutle d',u$llnll. 30mln - -
Te~,.ture d',ulllol1. 980'C
Oraln ••lIllnn. 9-10
LIVE GRAPH 00
Ac3: 86S'C (831°C)
At. I: BOO'C
.-:~ F+e
Click here to view -
e--
001- - - --
--I- - -
001-- -- -- -- - - - - -
p f
I- -- -
300
--- "' -- 1/- ,00
- - -- - - -
LI
'00I - -
<,
I-
-
- --.-
-
M
-
. k
j..I
-~
200
. .,.
'00 I--
10-1 , . , ,, Dur~e
, .,. 10'
du ,.Iroldisumenl enne 800 Itl 500'C - min
, .,, '0'
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aders Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
226 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
G
Durl. d. chaull 35m1n.
OwHd'auslfnll. 30m'n. --
D-:: .
remp4,atur. d'a"'ltlnl1. 970'C
O,aln &"111n11. 10 -II
LIVE GRAPH Ae3: 860'C (1'2'C)
I.eI: ses-e
~~
,00 - -
Click here to view
!
F
. E
....
&00 E
jo
1-- -
,oo~
. --~.. ._-- -- -- -
i
300
I-- --
II
I S
~-
-_.-
•s
,1
00 ••
- I-- -- - 00
'00 -- :
0
M
f- - - -- - -
0
0
-- -- - 100
'00 f-- - - - --
!
10-0 . " • • 10'
Durb du u·froldiuernenl ..nl,. 800.1 500'e - min.
• • loJ • • 10J
505
Composition: 0.145% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.02% Si - 0.005% S -
0.012% P - 9.12% Ni Grain size: 10-11 Austenitized at 800°C
(1472 0F) for 30 min
~
DUlle d. cheull.
DUfIe d'.ulilnil. 30mln.
Temperalur. d'aUlllnll, 800·C
35m'n.
- I
Or.ln ..... Ilnl!. 10-11 --- --
- --
LIVE GRAPH '00
AcJ: "J'e (57.t,'e)
Ael: S12'e - --
f
- -
- - - -- - - - - _. -_.-
- I--
: -- €
: B
I-- - s00 .•
j
I-
300
1
I--
- M I"- •00
'00 f--
-I .. -~ .
f--
k-
'00 . -
10
l' •• I
_.
, .10 • • 101 • • to)
Durie du relroldiu.menl tnlre 800.1 500'e - min.
507
Composition: 0.315% C - 0.14% Mn - 0.01% Si - 0.006% S -
0.01% P - 9.12% Ni Grain size: 10-11 Austenitized at 820°C
(1508 0F) for 30 min
Our'" d. chautl. 35 min.
00 Durie d'lusllnil. 30mln. .- -- - -- - -
Temp.,.I,,',. d'aulllnl1. 820'C
-
f- -
B I-
f- -!
--
600 ••
j
300
k. 1
-, 1- - •00
1~'
200 .- -
~
I-- -
-
f.-
ITI ---
.-
-
-
- - - -
_. - -- - .-
- 200
.. ,
'00 ~-
10
, • • 10 • • 10
, • • 101
Duree du refroldlsnm"nl enlr" aoo 1'1 500'C _ min.
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 227
506
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.27% Mn - 0.01% Si - 0.006% S -
0.09% P - 9.12% Ni - 4.07% Co Grain size: 9 Austenitized at
840°C (1544 0F) for 30 min
Durl. de chaull.
Outl. d'.ulllnll.
35 min.
JOm.ln. - - --- --
,
, I
~ -~
l a
:
~ --
. -
'00
M ."- - -
-- - •00
700 -
-----
. - =.
... ~ ~ --_.
- 700
100 -- - -
10-t •• 1 I •
,
10 .110'
• IIC)!
Durie du r.,roldlssemenl '1'1'. 800.1 5OO'C - min.
508
Composition: 0.326% C - 0.13% Mn - 0.16% Si - 0.006% S -
0.09% P - 9.06% Ni - 4.07% Co Grain size: 10-11 Austenitized
at 790°C (1464 0F) for 30 min
. .' e
.
i
'00
-
. -» ~-
1-- -
- ~-
-- -
;;
600••
1
--,, -
...
--
- -
~
M
,,
- - _. L - - ~ ~
- I 00
,, - -- - - - -
.
100 -~
L .- ~
10 •• I • • 10' • • 10
• • 10J
Durie du r.lroldlss.mMI entre 750 d soooC - mIn.
004
Composition: 0,22% C - 1.26% Mn - 0,26% Si - 0.04% S
- 0.03% P - 0.33% Cr Grain size: 8 Austenitized at 900°C
(1662 0F) for 30 min .
i !i
O'aln au. linn.
Ac3: 81,,"e (770'C)
• ~~
- -~
T
LIVE GRAPH 700 Acl: 7I3'C .- ;
Click here to view F
- -
- ~
I
U
.
"l'
'----
-- -~
-
: s ~~ -
:
-J •
300
M .- - --
--~~ ,00
700 ~ I-~~- --
... 700
100 ~ .
10
~,
• ,10 ~,
, ., • • 10 • ,10
,
Durl. du r.frokll....m.nl "nt,. 800.1 500·C - min.
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
228 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
-- - -- 1-- -. - -~
- ~
s
j
.
-
- - --
. 600 .•
,1
'00 f- -
t:: ,
-
.
lot
.!
-- f- 00
'00
• "''"
-- -- - -- 200
100 .- - _.- - ---
, " • • 10 • • 10
,
• • 10
Duree- du '''',okll...m,nl enlr. 100.1 5OO'C - min.
144
Composition: 0.12% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.22% Si - 0.014% S -
0.016% P-4.15% Ni - 0.86% Cr Grain size: 10 Austenitized at
860°C (1662°F) for 16 min
DUll. d.chauH. 40 min.
Ow" d'aullfnli.
T.mpI,atuI. d"Ulllnlt. IIso'e
15mln. - - --
Drain l"lllnll. I.
Ac): 7117'C (76'"C)
700 Ac I: 674'C
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
000
. ," F+C
.,-
S
......
.. 11
II
i
-. ! i >
300
lot
-
. - r- .
600 .•
,I 00
,
200 "- .-
"' -
- 200
. .
100
10 .,, .,,
Ou,h du r.f,olc:ll...mtnl enlr. aoo ,I
.,,
5OO'C _ min.
• • 10
092
Composition: 0.34% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.30% Si-4.30% Ni
- 1.16% Cr Grain size: 8 Austenitized at 900°C (1662 0F) 1 h +
860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
Durie da chauU. 7mln.
Dur'"
='L~
d',u.lfnli. I-- - -
r.mpI,aluI. d',ualfnU.
Oraln IUIIInIl. 0
Ae3: 770'C
LIVE GRAPH 700 AcI: eu'e
Click here to view
600
I.-
F+C
11
II
I.-
i
~ -- - -- - 00::
- , f- 6
-
1"'- s
,1
'00
~
-- - 'j:" -
~
00
--~~
'00 -- -" f-
,
100
f-
f-T
I I
--
. u.-
f--
-
00
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 229
455
Composition: 0.14% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.67% Si - 0.012% S -
0.024% P - 2.95% Ni - 11.98% Cr - 0.06% Mo - 0.04% AI -
0.10% Co - 0.10% Cu Grain size: 5-6 Austenitized at 935°C
(1715 0F) for 30 min
Ae3: 807'C
Ac I: 689'C
...
1,0min.
30mln.
d'.u.lfnll. 935'C
Oraln 1,,111011. --
100'1. mltlenslle
PIS d'."sl'nll. 1'51 duell.
l'
; ... o ACI = 689°C
8CJ)~
j.oo
-
/
/ .....j AC3 = 807°C
300
1
_. , Hv
• 00
700 -,
- 100
M A
-
.
100 -- .--1
• • KI • • 10 • ,10
• .w
Dul'e du r",oldl'lImMl .nlr. 1100.1 5OO'C - min.
· .
-
T.mplralur. d:'u.tlnil. 1175'C
O,.ln luatlnn.
LIVE GRAPH Ac 3: 867'e (7SlI'C)
- -
Acl: U7'C
Click here to view 700
+-- - -
F
pC
l'
.00 - -
-
.... - --
· -!
; ...
..~
" s '"
}.oo
'00
'00
,
M
-.
..
· - \ .
• 00
t': 100
. .. ,
100
,0- • • 10
.,
• .10
, , , ...
Our" du r.'roldl...mf'nl ..nl,. 100.1 SOO·C - min.
...
. - 1ft
Our', d. chi"". 7m1n.
OwN d'.uallntt. 3Omln. - -- -
T.mpt,.t",. d'luat'nll. 1I50'C
O,aln 1"111011.
j.oo -; »»
300
•
M
• 00
-
700
100
. . fiV -.
--
200
10 ., , ,10 .,
Durie du ,.froldl,..",""
, "
..,1,. 100.1 500'C - min.
· ,,. , • ,101
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1961
230 Atlas of Time-Temperature DIagrams
.00
i
--
n- E
!
_. 11
f-- --
./ -- r--
-_. -
a
- - - .. - - ... ::t
- - f-- --- - i
300
-
. ~F""
. - t-
-- -. ".. 00 ••
~l'
&
f-- , 00
l
200
l-
1-.
i . '"
. ~ t.!!.~,. , 200
100f-- I-r- - -- --
,. i
• • 10
., • ,I • • 1ft
Durie du ,.I,oldlnement enlr. 800 at 5OO'C - min.
280
Composition: 0.66% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.43% Si - 0.021% S -
0.013% P - 0.20% Ni - 0.79% Cr - 0.42% Mo - 0.19% Cu -
0.026% AI Grain size: 10-11 Austenitized at 870°C (1698 0F) for
20 min
J~
.
1'-1 a
300 I .
200
I-
. .
..
, 00
.. , .
100
10
., , 110' • • 10 • 'lOS
Durh du l.f,oldl".1M'ft1 enlr. 100 ..1 500'C - min.
503
Composition: 0.626% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.20% Si - 0.016% S -
0.016% P-l.60% Cr - 0.30% Mo Austenitized at 860°C
(1662 0F) for 1 h
Durl. de chaull 7mln.
Dur" d'ausr'nll. 60mln. -
T.."'P'Iralur. d'.u.llnll. 850"C
Oraln au.llnll.
"c3: 792'C
IJt -
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
700
I-
Ac I: ""C
_.- ..
,
F+C
.
800
I
I <
- --
I- - -- ---- 800~
'00
._-
I-
l-
T'
r-: - .
i-'"
a
--
~
r-
--
t--
--
-
•
j
, J
00.,
00
200 Hv
I
- 200
100 I -
10-'
T, 11 , , , , ,0' ,
--
, 10 . . , ,to'
Oute. du relroldlssemf'nl entre eoo et 5OO'C _ min
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aders Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 237
000
Durie d. chaull
Ow' " d'aullfnlt. 35m1n.
20mln. I I
Ta.,alul. d'aUltlnll. 9U'C
Drain aUlllnil. 10 -II
I I
LIVE GRAPH 700
Ac3: 806'C (7U'C)
Ac I: 670'C
IJJ. ~
Click here to view " F+e
600
"
I'
e 000 11
a . ooo~
j,oo :
j
r- --
B
-i- -- - 600_.
,1
300
I 00
l-
'00
I-- ~Hv 200
M
.
100 - - --
• • 10. • ,10' • • 10
, • 10'
. B
., 11
~
00
I - i j
, 600_.
300
M 1--
... ~
00 h - I-
"' 200
.. .. ,
00
, ~
,-- 1
)
B
--
V
.
[,'- -
j
:~ - 600_.
_._-
~,- ,1
300 -- -- - - -
200 I- -
- - - --
-
00
.,
,,
y
-- 200
'00
'0 -.
~ -
•• I
--
!
• 11r)
--
• ,10' • • 10
,
Durh du relroldluemenl enl,.. 800.1 5OO'C - min.
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aders Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
232 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
273
Composition: 0.33% C - 0.38% Mn - 0.30% Si - 1.06% Cr
- 1.01% W Grain size: 11-12 Austenitized at 950°C (1742 0F)
for 30 min
Our'. d, chfurr.
000 O"'.. d·.u.11n!1.
35 min.
30m!n. II
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
T.rnpI,alur. d'.UlIInIl, 950"e
O,aln lIIuIIII'III.
...~3: 92,'e ((Ilol'C)
700 Ac I: 749'e
II ~ 12
I
I
F
.'
. Foe
Lll'-
II
.00
. 1.0-
s
........
.
A
.;.; .....
......, . 600 .,
i
I
?OM • 00
200
~.,
. u_
. ·.
100
"
-t . .. 10
Du,". du r.froldl...mf'nl Inl,. 800.1 SOO"C - min.
. • • 10 • • 10
,
272
Composition: 0.64% C - 0.39% Mn - 0.67% Si - 1.20% Cr
- 1.68% W Austenitized at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min
000
Our' . chlutr.
dti
Ourie d'.u,llntl.
35mln.
3Omto. II
r.mp4,atu, .. d'autl4n(l. 8so'e
Oraln aUlllnll. II
LIVE GRAPH At3: 120'e (eol"C)
IJ-L.
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700
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At I: 7l1O"C
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., •• I
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Ourh du r.lroIcU...mlnl .nlr. 800 ,I SOO'C- min.
509
Composition: 0.21% C - 1.46% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.019% S -
0.016% P - 0.45% Mo Grain size: 11 Austenitized at 880°C
(1616 0F) for 15 min
000
Durhdl'chluft.
Our'"
d'lu'llnit.
35 min.
15mln.
r.mpirlillul. d·..... tlnll . • 80·C
Or.ln _"lllfIit. II
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.
At3: ISI'e (l31"C)
700 Ac I: 116'C rru -
LIVE GRAPH F.e
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.
s
- _.
. ..
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.
•
-
,
,
300
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.
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-
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.. ,
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, • 110
, • • 10
'
Durie du ,Itf,oldlu.mfnl .nln· 100 ,I 500"C - min.
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 233
007
Composition: 0.201% C - 1.55% Mn - 0.26% Si - 0.019% S -
0.025% P - 0.39% Cr - 0.005% AI - 0.11% Nb Grain size: 8
Austenitized at 925°C (1697 0F) for 15 min
Durl. de thautl_ 35"",n.
Our... d'lIuat'n1L 30mln. -- -
rempl,alur. d'auallnll. 925'C 1--
Oraln au.tlnlt. I
A1:3: 914'C (a3D'C)
LIVE GRAPH '00 A.eI; 708'e
-- ,
'00 !
- ~ --- -- ,00
-,
M
200 -
100
- -.
-- -
- .
--
-- ----
~
-- -
.
-
200
-,
10
I .... 10-, .. ,
Our'" du r.f,oldllum.nl enlr. 800 II' 5OO'C _ min.
.. 110' .. 110'
275
Composition: 0.46% C - 0.39% Mn-1.40% Si - 0.30% Ni
- 1.41% Cr - 0.10% V - 0.0017% B Austenitized at 900°C
(1652 0F) for 30 min
Our'. d. ehaull 35m1n.
lOG Our'" d'lIu.lln!l. 30mh.
.
remp4nlur. d'aUlIInIl. IOO"c
Oraln au.llnll. 1
LIVE GRAPH
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'00
At3: OOI5'C (83S"C)
Ac I: 7U"e
i
f ••C
.
'00
II r-
II
- i B I - , !"
300 It -
00••
1
.
200
M II ~
--- r-
J Hv
-- - 200
-
. . .,
-
. . ., ..
100 -
10-' , . .. 1 , , , .10'
005
Compoaition: 0.224% C - 1.498% Mn - 0.226% Si - 0.02% S -
0.022% P - 0.037% Ni - 0.33% Cr - 0.195% Mo - 0.054% AI
Grain size: 9 Austenitized at 860°C (1580 0F) for 30 min
Durl. de chaufl. 35mln.
Our" d'lIvll'nI!. 3Omln. r- I
. r-
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.
Tamper.lur. d'auat'n1LeeO'C
Oraln aUllenll. I
Ac3: 8"'e
LIVE GRAPH '00 Ac I: 702'C
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'00
1
I' 1,-- .
-
-I&.. F+C
l' I B
,r'
-_.
.
-
--
j
0
= 819°C
'00
. M
-
.
0
0
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0
i:
I~
--
--
--._-
. -
--,00,.
- j
AC3
l- I
, ,00
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200
, ----
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--
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- --- -
-- - 200
..
100 - -- -- -- --
J
-, I , , ,
.... 10 • • 10 • • 10
Dur" du ,.froldlsllmtnl ani,. 800 al ~OO·C _ min.
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aden Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
234 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
297
Composition: 0.70% C - 1.91% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.009% S -
0.009% P - 0.98% Cr - 1.40% Mo Grain size: 11-12 Austenitized
at 850°C (1562 0F) for 30 min
Dutil d. challtr. 35m1n.
Our" d'au.lln{l. 3Omln.
Tampl,alul. d'a....lfnU. 860'C
-
.
Oraln au.llnn. 11-12
Ae3: 791'C (77,'e)
LIVE GRAPH '00 I.e I: 71g'C
--- - -- II B ,
300 -
-- I--
"'ll;
,
-- -- - --- I<v
I-- -- I-- -- r-- ---.
tot
1001--1-- -
l-r- ~. -
B
,- -- - +- -- - -- - I-- -
j
-_. -- - 600 ••
300 - 1
-. -- I- --
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-
., Hv
-- 200
tot
. -
100
, I ,
, " • • 10 • • 10 • ,to l
Dull. du r.'tokllnem..nl enlr. 750 ., 500'e - min.
. . . , ls00 ••
tot J
300
I
t..... • 00
-
.
.·
'00
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 235
454
Composition: 0.67% C - 1.09% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.016% S -
0.027% P - 0.76% Ni - 1.70% Cr - 0.36% Mo - 0.04% Cu Grain
size: 10 Austenitized at 936°C (1716 0F) for 20 min
Ow"
Durie tha"".
de
d'.ulllnn.
re.,ahue
2Omln.
d'&Ultlt'llt. NS'C
'Omln.
1---
Oraln ."11,"11. 10
LIVE GRAPH 00
Ac3: 709'e UBi'C)
Ac I: 727'C
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f FoC
i -
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,- " - - •
- --
00
I- - ~L- -
~
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. ,
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200
00 - -
.. ,
- - ~
, I ,
• • 10 • ,10 • • 10'
Duree du r,lroldlssemenl enue aoo 'I SOO"C - min-
458
Composition: 1.486% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.46% Si - 0.028% S -
0.028% P - 0.40% Ni - 1.24% Cr - 0.66% Mo Grain size: 10
Austenitized at 830°C (16260F) for 1 h
Our', d. chautl 7mln.
Ourle d'I".11onI1. 80mln.
T.mpI,alur.d'.utllt'lll. 130'e
OraIn ..... Ilnlt.
Ac:!: 777'C ('80'C)
,.
Ac I: 13S'C l-
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LIVE GRAPH J..- I-
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E
. s
~
t~
..... B ,
i
.. .- J •
···
300
ttY
, 00
200
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200
M
, I
.. , . ....
Dur" du retrolcflll.mtf\1 ,nt,. 100.1 5OO"C - min.
• .10. .....
113 (SAE 4340)
Composition: 0.43% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.008% S -
0.02% P - 1.61% Ni - 1.10% Cr - 0.33% Mo Grain size: 9-10
Austenitized at 830°C (1626 0F) for 16 min
t
35mln.
Our,.
Out" d. chl"lI.
d'.ullinil.
Temp',alur. d'euillnit
15mln.
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I
LIVE GRAPH 00
Grain a"ltlnll.
At3: 176'C (753'C)
At I: 72I'e
9 ~ 10
- -
-~
1-1
I - -f'
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FoC
00 - -
- - - ~- . - -
I-- I
.,,
1-- -
B -1
-- •
300
- ~-
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., ttY
-
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, - 1---
'00
,.-, • • I
,
.....
Duree du "lroldl... m,nl entre 100 'I 5OO'C - mIn.
• _,oJ . ....
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N, Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
236 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
453
Composition: 0.346% C - 0.42% Mn - 0.43% Si - 0.016% S -
0.016% P - 3.43% Ni - 1.36% Cr - 0.23% Mo - 0.041% Al -
0.19% Cu Grain aise: 10 Austenitir;ed at 910°C (1670 0F) for 30
min
Dur4. d" chauU- loOmln
• 00 OUfIe-d'ausllnll. 30mln .
r .. mpI,alur. d'aulllnlt, 910'C
O,.ln aUI'fnll.
Ae3: 783'e (760'C)
,. - - -~
-
~--
600
- e- - - - --
o
Ii
ACI = 678°C
c- ~ - - --- - - --
6oo~
i AC3 = 783°C
e- ~ - ~- .-
r-:: .
- - -
.. l
B
'00
<i. H,
e- - ~ ~ - \ - - ~ 00
'0 • • I
· .,
Duree du ,elroldilseme-nl en Ire 800.1 500'C - min.
. ·. , 10 , ,0'
295
Composition: 0.64% C - 0.63% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.006% S -
0.011% P - 3.14% Ni - 1.02% Cr - 0.34% Mo Grain aise 12
Austenltleed at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
Durie da chaull. 35 min.
aoo Durie d'eu,tlnlt
Tamperalur. d'auallolt.
30m!n.
8SO'e
-- --
O,aln aUlllnll. 12
At3: 76"C U4g·C}
LIVE GRAPH '00 I.e I; 677'e
. I-
-_.- - •
.-;~ B
6
i
300
200
i
"
.
..... H,
• 00
M
200
100
• .10' · .,.,
Our'. du r.froldl...m.nl .nlr.. 800.1 500'C - min.
• • 10 · ....
504
Composition: 0.26% C - 0.469% Mn - 0.236% Si - 0.023% S -
0.007% P - 3.66% Ni - 1.66% Cr - 0.396% Mo - 0.008% N2 -
0.013% Al Austenitir;ed at 876°C (1606 0F) for 30 min
1
Durl. d. chaull 35mln.
aoo Durie d'auIlln!l. JOrnin. - - -
T.mperalur. d'auslloll. 676'C
Oraln auallnll.
LIVE GRAPH '00
Ae3: e06'C (764'C)
I.e I: 656'e
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--
600
I F
l'
j
. .
600 ••
B
300
..... - 1- . 1
M I"
. • 00
200 C-
100 .
.' "
200
,.., · ., • .10
,
Durb du r.froldi...rntnl .nlr. aoo.1
• 110'
5OO'C - min.
• .10
,
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aden Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 237
114
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.014% S -
0.02% P - 4.04% Ni - 1.99% Cr - 0.64% Mo - 0.28% Cu Grain
size: 9 Austenitized at 826°C (1617 0F) (or 16 min
Our" d. cball"- 35mln.
Dw'" d',u.llnn.
Temptl.I"'. d'.lIItfnll. f1U'C
15mlo. - --
Grain a"lllnll. 9
Ac3: 801'e (7n'C)
700 I.e I: 858'C
LIVE GRAPH
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.00 -
11
II
-'I ::f: •
...
300
s
'00
\ - ~"L!. :
M
200
.'
. .., Ou," , . . . · ..
100
... ,
dll r.'roldl •.,mtfll ani,. 100 •• IOO'C - min..
.to
.' ,
.»
.. • to'
552
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.41% Si - 0.007% S -
0.021% P - 0.53% Ni - 16.20% Cr - 1.10% Mo Grain size: 8-9
Austenitized at 1000 0C (1832 0F) (or 30 min
Ourf. da chlutl 'Omln.
--1- .
LIVE GRAPH 700
~"'d·.u.lfnll.
Oraln aUIIInIl.
Ac3: 007'C (1'58'C)
Ac I; 807'C
.-.
30mln.
TempJ.,aluI. d'.uallnlt. 1000'C
- - f-- -
F+e
-.-.-
-
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.00
-- --
-
-
-
... 11
~
- -
..-~
- -
. = ....... ~
s
'00 - 1:
<.
-.. z/ , 00
'00 - - - - -- - -
M _.HY
- - -- - -_.. 200
- - -j - --
..
100 -
.. .. ..
-
206
Composition: 0.325% C - 0.64% Mn - 0.22% Si - 1.103% Cr -
0.63% Mo - 0.17% V Austenitized at 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
ourfe.cN.uft 3lmlo.
OwHd'aulllt'II1. 30m'n.
Tarnp4ratur. d'a... lfnlt. lIo'e
.-
700
OraIn a"lllnll.
Ac3: II58'C (787')
Ac 1: 738'C
..... F
LIVE GRAPH F+C
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.00
,
s · !,
300 · •
M
f,
. - .. '0 H,
-
, 00
'00
,..j• •• 0
~ , 00
-
.. ,
'00
., I ,
to • • 10 • • 10 •• W
Duff. du J.'roldl.umli1l entre flOO II 5OO'C ~ min.
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium. 1967
238 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
451
Composition: 0.20% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.57% Si - 0.009% S -
0.016% P - 0.23% Ni - 1.18% Cr - 1.15% Mo - 0.27% V Grain
size: 10-11 Austenitized at 960°C (1760 0F) for 15 min
T• •
ella,,".
d'au.llnlt
d·.utl~11. 960'<
O,aln ."IIInII. 10-11
35mln.
I5mln.
»:
T-
Ae3: 907'C (fIU'C) F+C
LIVE GRAPH 700 Ac I: 71,9'C
_a. . .
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• 00
l-
.
I--
I
- -- I-- - ,
300 .- t-.t-J I--
. I--
,
200 I--
M
-- I--t;. -- F-=: -- -
I- - V' -- -- 200
--
....
- - --
..,
'00
,0" • • MT . 4 •• to
Our... du '.',Oldl ... mtnl enl,. 100 •• 5OO'C- min.
368
Oompcsltion: 0.28% C - 0.2.% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.005% S -
0.024% P - 0.18% Ni - 2.68% Cr - 2.84% Mo - 0.50% V Grain
size: 9-10 Austenitized at 1020 0C (1868 0F) for 30 min
-
B
f---o - .....I AC3 = 949°C
'00
I-- -
. F· -
k·<
,1
00
200 1-- - I·.....
M '"'1-- 200
~~
1--- ~
'00
to •• I . • • 10 • • 10 • • 10 .
Ourh du relroldllSemffll enl,.· 800.1 5OO'C - min.
.00 II !!if
0
0
:
I--
1.-0 I
0
,
B
.
300
: ,00
700
M : t.;: ".'
1---- 200
II :
'00
10-t
I
.. , . .. ~
• • 10 . •
-
• • 10 .
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 239
000
DutHcHchaurl
Ow' " d'aulllnll.
35mln.
3Omln.
T.. rnp4,atur. d'a ... 14nU. loo'e
II !
O,.ln aUlllnll.
LIVE GRAPH '00
Ac3: ''''C (lU'C)
At I: 1I50'C
FoC
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0
.00
If
II
B
.....j
.. l
00
0-
M
I
I
. ..... •
700
- - H,
100
10' , . ., • • 10
!II ,
• .10
Dull. du r.lrolcll"l'tMnl tnl,. 800.1 500'e • min.
• • 10
,
367 (H 13)
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.94% Si - 0.015% S -
0.02% P - 4.80% Cr - 1.34% Mo - 1.19% V Grain size: 10
Austenitized at 1020 0C (1868 0F) for 15 min
rll
l- d:::.
n ..rlt d. chluff. 5m/n.
d',usllnlt. 15mln . .. - . - .. I
. t"ll'lp'ralur. d'.ulllnn. 10ZO'C
..
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O"ln IUlllnll. -
LIVE GRAPH , A(:3: 9U'C
Ac 1; 'I,3'C
(.79·e) " .-.
I
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-
-
--
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.
s
-
.
•..
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700
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-
. . .
..
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t
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100
... . " • • 10
Ourh du r.,roldl....mMI enlre 800.1 5OO'C - min.
•
,
• 10
,
I ,
.10
006
Composition: 0.18% C - 1.36% Mn - 0.21% Si - 0.025% S -
0.014% P - 0.91% Ni - 0.26% Cr - 0.37% Mo - 0.057% V -
0.048% Al Grain size: 9 Austenitized at 900 0C (1652 0F) for 30
min
Dut .... d.. ch.ull. 1i5mln.
000 Our' " d',ulllnil. 30mln. . .- - .
,
t
r.rnp4,alure d'.Ultlnlt . ...·c
LIVE GRAPH
.
,
Or,1n .-uill-nil
Ac3: e~6'C
Ac 1; 686'e
... -- --
FoC
-'
7
~
··
.
B
.
·
M .
•..
700
J
--.
_.
H, . 700
100
,
10
., , '10
.,
· "
Our... du r.'roldhumenl .nlr. 100.' 5OO'C- min.
• • 10 • • 10
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
240 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
502
Composition: 0.29% C - 0.62% Mn - 0.32% Si - 1.34% Ni -
0.77% Cr - 0.26% Mo - 0.19% V Grain size: 10 Austenitized at
9000C (1662 0F) for 1 h + 800°C (1472 0F) for 30 min
Dur'. de chauli 7 min.
'::~:~~~:~~:~tlnll. ~~ ~~ . - - - -
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
'00
O,.ln au. linn.
Ae3: 8S3'e
Ac I: 709'C
10
r-t--r-t
-- -.
F
.
-
-
.- -
100
. I
,-
t- ·.
F.C
1-1-
. .'
. S
I- ·
--
·
I- -
'" --
" t-~
- ,
... - - - - ~-
,
00
00
100
501
Composition: 0.22% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.023% S -
0.012% P - 2.667% Ni - 1.276% Cr - 0.61% Mo - 0.203% V -
0.002% Al Austenitized at 876°C (1606 0F) for 30 min
Durf'lM chauff.
DurN d'aultln!t. 30 min.
3Imln. Tl
l,mplralur. d·.... tlnll. e75"C
Oraln au.llnll. II
LIVE GRAPH 700
Ac 3: .30"e
Ac 1: HlI'e
II
F.C
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100
.- .. l--'"
-- -
s j
.
" , 600 '.
~- .~
.
-- - ... 1
'00
M
. If --...
- --- -
.•_Ift
i-
-
T
'00
'0-.
I I
....-, ..,
Our' .. du 'elrokll .. ,mtnl ,nl,. lOCI ,I SOO'C • min.
. .... • • 10'
452
Composition: 1.16% C - 0.30% Mn - 0.67% Si - 0.009% S -
0.006% P - 0.71% Ni - 1.79% Cr - 0.27% Mo - 1.30% W Grain
size: 10 Austenitized at 880°C (1616 0F) for 16 min
.
r-r--' F
~-
""" --
-I l-
•
s ,
-
I ,... ,
- ! -- -
I i- - •
i- --I ~ ... J~
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,
'00
. f:= ~. --- . .- 1= ",
1---
,
00
- 00
'" -- - - - -
.. ,
100 -
10 -, ....,
Ourh du r.froldlssemenl .nlr. 1100_, 5OO'C- min.
• • 101
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos. N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques. Brussels. Belgium. 1967
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 247
354
Composition: 0.646% C - 0.46% Mn - 0.26% Si-4.12% Ni -
1.16% Cr - 0.48% Mo - 0.80% W Grain sise: 8 Austeniti~ed at
900°C (1662 0F) for 1 h + 860°C (1662 0F) for 30 min
Our" ck chault. 7mln.
Our'" d',u.llnll.
r..mp4,alur. d'aUltlnll. ~~·~~t
- - - 1-- --
LIVE GRAPH
Orain IUlllnll.
Ac3: 7112'C
Ac I: 86O'e
•
'00
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600
-
- -- ---- -
-
::::.i
~ ' . --
- - --
"- "'~J --
'00 - -
-
-
--
--
,J: --
~~
B
'" ,
.
00
'00 - -
- -- - - -- , 00
1001 -
R- --
• • td
M
'-10
.
II •
LIVE GRAPH '00
Ae3: 910'C cas"C)
Ae 1: 794'e
F.e
Click here to view
600 .,
~ AC1 = 794°C
. . ~
•oo~
--
j
600 _.
AC3 = 910°C
""- B
,1
300
M.e " 00
'00
" I - -- .. _--
~v ,00
'00 - -----
-,
10 , •
,
110 , • • to' & • ,10 1
• .1
Ourh du r.'roldlu.menl "nl,. 800 ... SOO'C - min.
9·10
Ac3: Slo'e (.,g'C)
'00 Ac I: 824'C
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view 1j
600
. - ... ~ e = 824°C
AC1
j AC3 = 910°C
6 00:
, ~
• H.
300
,;" M.e CIO
200 -- ~
I 00
. . .,. . . ., ..
100
10- . . · ., I
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert, L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans Ie Benelux,
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
242 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
+1
Durl. d.. chlulf. 100min.
000 Owl. d'.uIllnit. 20 min. -- - -- - f-- --
r..mpI,aluu· d'iulilnil. 10""C
700
Oraln IUltlnlt
Ae3: 878'e (1I49'C)
.I.e I: 811,"C
" F+C
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
.00
- I --
I~
'- - ,./
........
300
. s
, 00
200 ---
M , 00
..
100
10- , . · ., . . · • '0
Dulh du nlroldl.ulMnl enlr• •00.1 500'C - min.
. . . ., , .· • '0
-
--
-
/' ~I -
1'.:::
- - 600: i
, il
0
H,
-- - 00
'00 - -
--
M ~ .... 200
100 -
~- --
10
., · ., • • 10
Duree du ,.lroldlssemenl .nlr. 900.1 600'C - mill-
• .10
,
412
Composition: 1.19% C - 0.31% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.021% S -
0.01% P - 4.64% Cr - 6.10% Mo - 3.29% V - 7.92% W
_ 12.27% Co Grain size: 11 Austenitized at 1200 0C (2192 0F)
Durie de chlull. 5mln.
100 Dull. d'luJlinll. Omln.
Ternpir.tur. d'iultfnii. 12.00'C I 0
-
Oraln lustlnlt.
Ae3: 91Z'C (88e'C) " I
LIVE GRAPH 700 .I.e I: 856'C
F+C
Click here to view
.00
-
:
:
:
. ,./
- f-- .
.,
-,
,
s
---- .. •
300
I- -
M
. - ,00
100 f-- - - -
10 · ., • • 10
,
Dull. du relroldlsurnl'nl I'nlr .. '300 ..I 600'C - rnln.
• I 10
, • • 10
,
SOURCE: M. Economopoulos, N. Lambert. L. Habraken, Diagrammes de Transformation des Aciers Fabriques dans Ie Benelux.
Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques, Brussels, Belgium, 1967
Molybdenum Steels
CCl Diagrams
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 245
1825 F 1800
Composition: Fe - 0.06% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.40% Mo -
0% Cr Grain size: 6-6 Austenitized at 1010 0C (1860 0F) 1600
"F
1~00
Acl·Y:-..:.,\,~-...),r_7_14;.:.,.:~~~-=::\:==F~ mOF
~ m(~ 1~
T -1000 c11830 Fl
Ac3-970(
...., . -: ...
~(-R,..x-'~-~;_·~:..:.~r~.~~·--p---7~%3O
Composition: Fe - 0.06% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.40% Mo -
0.16% Cr Grain size: 5-6 Austenitized at 1000 0C (1832°F)
' ( : Aq- 720 sc:
,
600 ,,
PFs PF75 P~
1000 TA -1000 (<1830 Fl
AC3 - 968 (
900
Composition: Fe - 0.06% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.40% Mo -
0.30% Cr Grain size: 5-6 Austenitized at 1000 0C (1832 0F) 800
"c
700 ACl-7U c ,
600 ~s
TA -1015 (<1860 Fl
1000
AC3 - 985 ( 1805 F 18l'·J
900
Composition: Fe - 0.50% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.40% Mo - 'c
800
0.48% Cr Grain size: 4-6 Austenitized at 1016 0C (1869 0F)
700 Acl-735C
600
PF =polygonal ferrite
P =pearlite
CRmin CRm ax = min and max cooling rates for obtaining good dual-phase structures in coiled strip
PFs PF76 P s = min times for PF-start, 76% PF, and P-start
SOURCE: A.P. Coldren, G.T. Eldis, "Using CCT Diagrams to Optimize the Composition of an As-Rolled Dual-Phase Steel," JOM
(formerly Journal of Metals), a publication of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Vol 32, No.3, March 1980, pp 41-48
246 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
1100 2000
181H 1800
Composition: Fe - 0.06% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.6% Cr -
0% Mo Austenitized at 1026 0C (1877 0F)
,,,
600 PFs
1000 lA' 995C<1825 Fl
1800
1770F
800
, ,
.,
'
~
'F
PF 'v.: \;.CR"IN _ - - - - - - 7 5 % 1~00
0.16% Mo Austenitized at 996°C (1823 0F) c;... .:CR,w,~"\'. ' - 13q5 F
I \.~
,\" P 1200
.,- :.
PF75 ~s
1800
1785F
." . 1600
Composition: Fe - 0.06% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.5% Cr - ..,-:•. :.\ CI\.'N _--75% 'F
';5;..-- 1~00
0.30% Mo Grain size: 6 Austenitized at 1010 0C (1850 0F)
P 1345F
,, 1200
600
PFs
1000 fA -lOIS C <1860 Fl
AC3"985 C 1805 F 1800
900
Composition: Fe - 0.06% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.6% Cr - 'c ..\:,__ CRH1H
1600
-F
800
0.38% Mo Grain size: 4-6 Austenitized at 1016 0C (1869 0F) __ ~_---75% 1~00
'. P 1355F
1200
P~
1805 1800
1600
Composition: Fe - 0.06% C - 0.9% Mn - 1.20% Si - 0.6% Cr - 'F
0.50% Mo Grain size 6 Austenitized at 1020 0C (1868 0F) 1~00
pill5F
1200
600
10 10,000
PF = polygonal ferrite
P = pearlite
CRmin CR m ax =
min and max cooling rates for obtaining good dual-phase structures in coiled strip
PF s PF76 P s= min times for PF-start, 75% PF, and P-start
SOURCE: A.P. Coldren, G.T. Eldis, "Using CCT Diagrams to Optimize the Composition of an As-Rolled Dual-Phase Steel," JOM
(formerly Journal of Metals), a publication of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Vol 32, No.3, March 1980, pp 41-48
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 247
1600
Composition: Fe - 0.07% C - 0.93% Mn - 1.50% Si - 0.27% Mo
~ ~\- CRttIN
... .. ]51
'F
- 0.32% Cr Grain size: 4-5 Austenitized at 1020 0C (1868 0F) CR,... \ . \ ---1l 1~00
~---_":\L·.... :-r---:\"
600
.
J~: :~:._) p 1200
7~ Ps
19~F
1800
1200
PF = polygonal ferrite
P = pearlite
CRmin CRm ax = min and max cooling rates for obtaining good dual-phase structures in coiled strip
PF s PF75 P s = min times for PF-start, 75% PF, and P-start
SOURCE: A.P. Coldren, G.T. Eldis, "Using CCT Diagrams to Optimize the Composition of an As-Rolled Dual-Phase Steel," JOM
(formerly Journal of Metals), a publication of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Vol 32, No.3, March 1980, pp 41-48
248 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
LIVE GRAPH
0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: Fe - 0.10% C - 0.74% Mn - 0.29% Si Austenitized Composition: Fe - 0.09% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.28% Mo
at AC3 + 30 0C (54 0F) for 12 min Austenitized at AC3 + 30 0C (54 0F) for 12 min
1000
!
•.1. ),.1. 1800
900
AlJSTEIIITIZEDAT'20C:'OI.nKI~51
' --L
!! '" J.. J
1800
1600
::::-.t r---.. :::::tt '--...---:----.' ,"1---.. : 1600
IloJ):-:-
I-i.+it
.,.
h 1400
I 1200
800
700
., .'1(;'0 e
, 10
- - .:"r3:
-. k- ",<I-I- ~:J:.:s
1'><- l~
-
--
- ---- -1 1400
Ii 600 i 1200
\ i\ I 800
~
~
~
~ .00 '1\ \J l~. \' V i\ ! 800
\ + 600 300
\ ii\h
ii i
,Ii I
\
\ ! 600
\ 200
'\ \ \ III .00
100
\ I' \ I
--J.---h
'
200
~ ~ ~J
IU 12:6 12812'" lIB '10)
o 32
1,000 10,000 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
S~conds i
100 1,000 l~ l~O 1,000
i I
Minutes 10 )0
10 30
TIM E TIM E
Houts
900
AI/'FITlIZEOAT94SCiOlI2 KI
! !!!
r----- i'--K rr-. i'~ i
800 ~I' <,
700 .. !~ 'I'- <,
,Iv' - .:
~- -
- ,,:'F:t.:ki\.- -\- 1000
I I
":\ \J "~_
\ \rt ~
, \1
\
1\
\
\ 1\ \
10 100 1,000
Seconds i
10 1,000
Minutes 10 30
TIME
H"m
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 249
LIVE GRAPH 0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - B Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.096% C - 0.66% Mn - 0.82% Si - 0.0048% B Composition: 0.097% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.86% Si - 0.26% Mo-
Austenitized at AC8 + 80 0C (64 0F) for 12 min 0.0060% B Austenitized at AC8 + 80°C (64°F) for 12 min
1000
AUrl:lf tr 1[D AT 'IS C rca UHIIlU"l'U
., .I..!J
FOIl. 12 Hlwtt9 !BOO AllS:mfllIUDAT 960 C
900 I 900
~M~-""""~+HY~l-+jf-h-f".+-j~-I:~~~~!:-+-++l
f"..,
"'K r-. r----. 1600
800
700
A~110
---
I>:::
§:.- f-- -
<,
:/--
-
-:- - -== --'
1
=~ d- 1400
800
700
"I .),. '\\
\"
," 1\
)0 /
600
w,..
500
V
.\J \ i " \ l\":::::~ e-~I\
'00
1\ U:'\ 1\ \ \ \ !
I 600
\, \ 1\ \ \
200 \ 1\ \ \ IIi \ i
.00
100
1\ \ 200
\
o 18 ~ CIA
-r
2Xm 116)(1lI
'" ~ ~
1 '0 100 100,000 " 100 1,000
l~
Seconds i Seconds
1,000 1,000
I I
Minutes Minutes
10 30 10 30
TIM E TIME
~111O,tti
t--k <, 1- <,
1600
800
700
.,,'1100 1'\ -, ~ -, \ ( ~:: ~~~. , _ _ ",,: ~1} 1400
'00
~
/\: !I;\
,\, I\i i: \ 1\1 \
-
--:I"
~ \'
\
h..
\ 1) :\ I
T I
,
I 1000
800
600
'00
200
\ \\ \ I I 1\; .00
100 \ 1\ \ I !\
,., 200
o
~.
~
(,,,\6
'-i
.. "l)6,l)
...,... 't-" ~:~ 32
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 lao,OOO
Second's
l~ l~O 1,000
i
Mlnutn 10 30
TIM E
Hom
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
250 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
LIVE GRAPH 0.37% C - 0.5% Mn - 0.30% Si Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.49% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.0033% Mo Composition: 0.36% C - 0.60% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.077% Mo
Austenitlsed at 843 0C (1660 0F) for 20 min Auatenitized at 843°C (1660 0F) for 20 min
1000
900
A1'51E!UTllED AT
~---l-.
I
S;-J
-.-.--
C ~OR 10 KINIITES
! I !!! : ! 1 I
1800
1000
900
Al!S~D1LT1ZED ~T18r c rr 10 r"1i'r I
I 1800
,
I
"
I
t
,
' , .. ! ~C) .i 811 J
1600
! I I : II 1600
-------
I :. 1 I J-116C
800 800
~K-------
-c-,
..InJc 1400 r-----"", N--;.,N ----.: '"1-. r--- 1400
700
- - - -
-:... - Ac.•
700 - - - - 'o1!"I"
600
I _-
'02'-;~5~:
F:s.~::-::'~~"-·'r
---
-- 1200
w "ty: :;;l~~ ~t~ - - - 1200
f-f----=---15~~"'" , « w 600
I
i'N\ i\' \ \
«
I--- I--- ..
ZS'J 19 ' t\ 1\
, \
\
~ ~
500
I: I 1000
500
,f' 1\ 1000
'00
~i \: 11\\ \ 1\ 800
~ ~ '00
\1 111\\ 1\ , 800
'00
200
i I !\
\'
I 1\1 i\
I~ 1\
\ 1\
\
600
.00
'00
200
1\
\
I 1\ ,'I
1\ I~ 1\
I \ , \
\
600
'00
100 1\
~
\ 100 I". l'\j \
o
I~ I (1" ,660 176 11.5)(1'"
~ Cy) ~
200
IE 16'
't""'
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 " 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 "
l~
Seconds I S~l;onds I
10 1,000
Mlnutu I Minutes I
4 10 30 • 10 '0
TIM E TIME
H"'B H"'B
'00
1\
200
\1
1\
!@
10 100 1,000 10,000
Seconds I
10
Minutes I
TIM E
10 '0
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Oias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
Atlas of TIme-Temperature Diagrams 251
LIVE GRAPH 0.40% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.01% Mo Composition: 0.38% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.26% Mo
Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (54°F) for 20 min Austenitized at AC3 + 30 0C (54°F) for 20 min
1000 1000
AUSn:KITUEO AT 190 C POllIO lfIll'lJ1'tS 1800 AI1STtMlTtUDAT 8loC 1800
I
(lR,20HlIflJTES
900
Til 900
II
II ",.I,. J
1600
", LLl 1600
800
700 -- -
I--
-=.-=
-- : --
- - - -* - -- - -
-- -
"1.680 C
1400
800
700 -- ",I"-
r--
<, ---
K -?
r---.. r---.. -
-- =-~ =: - ~~
Ael • 100 ~
1400
680 I--
1
~- R''' 1200
l:! Ii 600 -- 1200
w
~
_0>
'\ \ \ ~ 1\ i)< ,- ~ ~ -~== ~ Qi; !-- \
500 "'I
~ \
1\ 1000
'00
\ i I \1:\ \ \ 1\ I
I 600 '00
I~ J l; I ~ ; \ \ 1\ 600
200
I
1\ \ \ \ I '00 200
",se
,' '\\ 1\ \ \ I .00
800
700
== =- = ~
\
D
1-"'\ , \
1\ \ \
\
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view o f!( 32
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 IDMIOG
Stconds l~ 1,000
I
Minutes 10 '0
TIM E
Hou,s
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
900 I 1600
800 ",UJ
~
700
600
----- I'----
r-,
--
<,
1\
r-;
I\-
---I~
, ->- -- --
~-( ,'" -~
ACl -169~ J
1400
1200
~ SOD
~f- - ~ \
- \""
,.
~
~ 400
If (I. ::. -"\\ -;. -
,1- ~\I \ (~ \ \ 1\
300
l~s;o.\
,, 600
15_ -',
/
\\ \ I; \ '00
200
909~ \ 1\ \
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
100
o
1 10
T€ 100
6tiJ6..Xm 319)(2 8~
1,000
~
~ '86
100,000
32
200
I
Seconds 10 I,JOO
I
TIM E
Minutes 10 '0
HOUfS
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Phase Transformation Kinetics and Hardenability of Medium-Carbon Alloy Steels, Climax
Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
252 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
LIVE GRAPH 0.39% C - 0.8% Mn - 1.5% Si Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.81% Mn - 1.48% Si - 0.02% Mo Composition: 0.39% C - 0.80% Mn - 1.48% Si - 0.26% Mo
Auatenitised at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min Austeniti~ed at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min
1000
AlISfENlTUUI AT 810 C rot 10 KUft1TES I i II .00 1000 r--:-.......--..=~-cc==-r- ....T"Tr-.,.--,-....rr--r-T""'T-n
I
I
I 1800
: I i I II ! i:: I : i
'00 -t-;-r--_. I
I A.e .' 838 ~ 1600 '00
I.e • U6 C 1600
.00 BOO --.::: -
-==-
~:-......' " r-,
I"-.-
-- - - Ac • 1.36 C 1400
""-......
700
bOO
':>s: .; -
'/
:~~~k~~:~ ~
- -
-- --=
! i 1 '00
li
700
'\ l::l<;' /--
500
,.[\1 I
\1 :f...i .\\ !\ i \ \ : 1 000 S ((~~--i~l D::
l:!
\\i l\ ~ --i-~~:ssr--l -
t~\\~:~~\:
400
\ :
1\ I 800 ~
100
\ \! '00
I
(U6)(24oX" 2 23'lXau) ~
~ y ~ '"
r-r
'H "
o
1 10 100 1,000 100,000 " ° 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000.
Seconds l~ 1,000 Second, l~ Ibo l,JOO
i I
Mlnules 10 30 MIRlIln
'0 '0
TIM E TIM E
Hours Hovn
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view .00 ---
<,
700
'\ '00
i
~
000
400
.00
~
600
'00
400
'00
10 '00 1,000
Seconds
1~ Ibo I
1,000
MInutes 10 '0
TIME
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
1000
1800
.00 L,.U)
LIVE GRAPH r---.. r---. 1600
I
Click here to view .00
<, I"-. <,
<;
---<, --- - -~ A(.I- 12 6 <: 1400
700
'\ -, ~
~ '/' ;.:- ~ 1200
§ 600 Ii
\ \
~
1000
~ 500
-'t- "
\r/ '~ --
-- - f-- ~\-~. r\ ~ 1\ ~
~ 800
400
300
I
"~-, f--
IiJ ,(~-\;
~
It \ u- 600
200
\ \ 400
100
't\
, - K" \ '00
Ie <yJ(32ZXJU ",x",·) ~
~ h'
° 1 10 100
I
1,000
Ii
10,000 100,000
i i
"
Seconds
10 100 I 1,00,0
Mlnules 10 30
TIME
Hours
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Phase Transformation Kinetics and Hardenability of Medium-Carbon Alloy Steels, Climax
Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 253
LIVE GRAPH 0.10% C - 1.4% Mn - 0.3% Si - B Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.088% C - 1.46% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.0066% B Composition: 0.10% C - 1.46% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.26% Mo -
Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 12 min 0.0051% B Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (54<T) for 12 min
1000 1800
!I II
1800 Ausnnrl EDt' 10 C rca 11 r1j1i'1 I ! !I
900 ACJ'"16 c
1600 1600
I-- --..
II
1400
800
-, -r\
.....,- ~
1200
i 1200 1\1 "
! 600
=- - r N :
\ i 1000
i ~ ~<;." n:~- 1000
[\"' 'c -- ~
500
\ 800
~
~ ~l)(::
ire!":.' - -~~-~
800
\
400
300
I.
,
.~" :\: ; \ t\
"I
V
, 600
\ 200
~ \ \ I .00
100
1\ 1\ \ ! hi 200
...
-;
1000
900
AUSfEIIlti 930 C c:.12KJIIV1'U
II I Ac).
J I
800
....... :
800
b-- --- -,
r-: i""--- I i 1600
-, \ \ \lJ~, i 1200
I
600
--- - - -::: ro i
500
,
\
...r:::
-- -
- -\-
1000
~ .00
,- ~:. '\..1
'..-!"'!'
T
'"'10.
1\ \1 800
100
\ \ ! I\i 200
-~ 1'eI (21112 1I 222)(US) ~
~ ~
o 32
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
l~O I,JOG
I
Minutes 10 30
TIME
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
254 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
LIVE GRAPH 0.40% C - 1.3% Mn - 0.3% Si - B Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.40% C - 1.32% Mn - 0.33% Si - 0.004% Mo - Composition: 0.40% C - 1.33% Mn - 0.35% Si - 0.08% Mo -
0.004% B Austenitized at 843°C (15500F) for 20 min 0.003% B Austenitized at 843°C (1550 0F) for 20 min
1000
AUSTrlTljEDiT
1800 1000 roa 10 1800
AUjTtlllTrED AT 810) c Fe- 20 HIIIV1'ES ) C I S
900 900
1 600
1600
.l
---
Ac "803( AeJ 801J
800
i~
tJ Ii
i
600 600
1\ \ \ 1000
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TIM E H..~ TIM E H..~
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1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Seconds
l~ Ibo 1,JOO
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4 10 30
TIM E H...
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 255
LIVE GRAPH 0.39% C - 1.4% Mn - 0.3% Si Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.39% C - 1.46% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.03% Mo Composition: 0.40% C - 1.47% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.26% Mo
Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min
1000
rot,2tlKI1SI i !! HIOO iaeo
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LIVE GRAPH BO0
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Click here to view
70 01'-.
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10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 "
Seconds
i.o tho I,JOG
"'IIMU 1'0 30
TIME
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
900 I 1600
19))
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
800
700
600
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Minutes io 30
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Phase Transformation Kinetics and Hardenability of Medium-Carbon Alloy Steels, Climax
Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
256 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
LIVE GRAPH 0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - 0.3% Ni - B Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.28% Si - 0.33% Ni - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.34% Ni -
0.0040% B Austenitized at AC3 + 30 0C (54 0F) for 12 min 0.24% Mo - 0.0047% B Austenitized at AC3 + 300C (54 0F) for
12 min
1000
!"IITI ! I !I II
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900
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20.
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 257
LIVE GRAPH 0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - 1.4% Ni - B Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.097% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.31% Si - 1.46% Ni - Composition: 0.10% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.33% Si - 1.43% Ni -
0.0048% B Austenitized at AC3 + 30 0C (64 0F) for 12 min 0.26% Mo - 0.0063% B Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64 0F) for
12 min
1000 1000
'00
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TIME TIM E
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L I
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10 30
TIM E
H""
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
258 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
LIVE GRAPH 0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - 3:0% Ni - B Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.11% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.31% Si - 3.03% Ni - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.32% Si - 3.06% Ni -
0.0052% B Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (54°F) for 12 min 0.24% Mo - 0.0050% B Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (54°F) for
12 min
1000
AUSmUTIZED:n 860 C rOl 11 Hlii'l 1800
'I
900
I c .. 13 c 1600 1 II c,-SHe
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700
~
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TIM E T ,1.1 E
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1600
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-----
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\ "\
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1,000 10.000
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l~ l~O 1,000
i
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TIM E
Houts
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 259
LIVE GRAPH 0.20% C - 0.6% Mn - 0.3% Si - 3.0% Ni Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.21% C - 0.68% Mn - 0.28% Si - 2.95% Ni - Composition: 0.20% C - 0.58% Mn - 0.31% Si - 2.90% Ni -
0.004% Mo Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min 0.26% Mo Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (54°F) for 20 min
1000 1000
no c 180tl
900
Ausnlllllzm" AT rOI 20 MtMUn:
I 900
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I
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10 100 1,600
i
TIM E
Minutes
• H..n
10 30
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
260 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
LIVE GRAPH 0.36% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 0.7% Ni Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.80% Mn - 0.30% Si - 0.76% Ni - Composition: 0.37% C - 0.79% Mn - 0.31% Si - 0.74% Ni-
0.02% Mo Austenith.ed at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min 0.24% Mo Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min
1000
900
AUSnlfltUD AT 800 C rca 20 Ht
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1800 1000
AuinN1TIlJ:D AT 800 C rOl. 20 lUIS I
1800
900
1600
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TIM E
Minutes 10 30 MlrIIIles l~ 3.
TIM E
H.. ~
9••
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32
i
Minutes 10 30
TIM E
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
9.0
LIVE GRAPH Ae -8t
1600
-, v-- K
I',J' I~
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Seconds i
10 ,.0 I
I.JOG
MllllA.es- io 3.
TIM E
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Phase Transformation Kinetics and Hardenability of Medium-Carbon Alloy Steels, Climax
Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 261
LIVE GRAPH 0.37% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 1.4% Ni Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.87% C - 0.85% Mn - 0.86% Si - 1.44% Ni - Composition: 0.87% C - 0.85% Mn - 0.87% Si - 1.44% Ni -
0.02% Mo Austenitized at AC8 + 80 0C (54 0F) for 20 min 0.24% Mo Austenitized at AC8 + 80 0C (54°F) for 20 min
! I
I J. I 1600 i : 1600
.< -" J- Ac. • n c
700
c • no ,1 1400
1200 1200
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10,000 10 100 10,000 100,000
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10 30 MIlMAn 10 30
TIM E TIM E
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900
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Click here to view 1400
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1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 "
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1~ 1,000
I
Minutes 10 30
TIM E
"ron
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
900 I 1600
LIVE GRAPH e -19) C
.u
800
Click here to view
700 t:::- .-; <,
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Ii 600
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o 32
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Secorods
10
I
l~O I,JOD
I
Mlnute:s 10 30
TIM E
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Phase Transformation Kinetics and Hardenability of Medium-Carbon Alloy Steels, Climax
Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
262 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
LIVE GRAPH 0.36% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 2.6% Ni Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.37% Si - 2.62% Ni - Composition: 0.36% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.38% Si - 2.60% Ni -
0.02% Mo Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min 0.24% Mo Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min
I! I I ,.\U9T:EltlTZU;AT19)CrOl20Kl,j ! ! I! !
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L
...130 cl 1400
700 700
1200
1000
g 600 1-
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32
10 100 1,000 10,000 1,000 10,000 100,000
l~
I
5reonds lbo I
1,000 Seeonds
10 lbo I
1,000
Minutes 10 30 10 30
TIM E TIME
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view 800
I 1600
....
e ... l~O C 1400
700
<, <,
1200
i 600
<,
--
<,
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IE ~(~t')(16 , ..¥ ,6) ~ ~ I ~
200
o 32
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Seconds 1,000
i
Mlnutu 10 30
TIM E H~.
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
900
1600
LIVE GRAPH 80 0 ACl,,1
~ ,"-
~ 500
1\ \ f\- 1000
~
1'\ 1\ \ l-
_--:I\;::--, - '-..=- -.=
-
~
600
"
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400
300 I
f\: ~I I(f~ tX
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200
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400
100
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o
(560 to,8566XSI4 e ~ ~ 32
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
I
SecOl1ds
10 'lAo 1,&00
I i
Minutes 10 30
TIME
SOURCE: Wit old W. Cias, Phase Transformation Kinetics and Hardenability of Medium-Carbon Alloy Steels, Climax
Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 263
LIVE GRAPH 0.39% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 3.5% Ni Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.39% C - 0.71% Mn - 0.39% Si - 3.63% Ni - Composition: 0.39% C - 0.69% Mn - 0.29% Si - 3.66% Ni -
0.02% Mo Auatenibisad at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min 0.24% Mo Austenitlsed at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min
100 0 1000
, I. I 1800 1800
"USI£HlnzrD~t 760 C FOR 20 KIKlllES
soo ! ! 1
Ui
.00
! ;: : ! I 1600 Il100
8" ~~
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10 10. 1,000 10,000 100,0
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io l.boo
MI.....tes
TIM E
3'
flours
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
264 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
LIVE GRAPH 0.40% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 4.5% Ni Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.36% Si - 4.46% Ni - Composition: 0.40% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.36% Si - 4.43% Ni -
0.01% Mo Austenitiled at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min 0.26% Mo Austenitiled at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min
100 0 1000 1800
900
I,.... 1 u;m AT 140 cro.. 20 ~lI,uns I I
1800
900
AUSTb.JU'J AT ,1, e Jalo ~lJlVns
BOO
I
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I
1600
BOO I 1600
At _lloe
I
i 1400 At:ll .'12! J 1400
700 700
-, -+ P-\-~ -~
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1000
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--
-- -= ~ 800 ~ ~ 400
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300
l\\ \\'
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i
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, I I
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10 100 1,000
I Mlnules I
Mlnules 10 30
10 30 TIM E
TIM E Hwn
Hours
BOO I i
! 1600
AC,s-l2SC
1 1 1400
700
600
r-, ~
ACl _
-,
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i\ \
-.
II
1 200
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1\ ~ \ \ :1\ / 1'\.1
\, ,
300 600
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
Atlas of TIme-Temperature DIagrams 265
LIVE GRAPH 0.40% C - 0.3% Mn - 0.2% Si - 4% Co Steels (Mo Addltlons) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.40% C - 0.34% Mn - 0.17% Si - 0.01% Mo - Composition: 0.39% C - 0.32% Mn - 0.18% Si - 0.48% Mo -
3.76% Co Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (54 0F) for 20 min 3.72% Co Auseenltleed at AC3 + 30 0C (64 0F) for 20 min
100 0
AUlnanl oAT'He 20 KIIMU- 1800
I
(II.
1--1-- 90 0
II I.e). U C 1600
800 ~- 80
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30 0 60J
1\ \ I \ \ ~
200--- - - \---t-H'l--- 20 0t-- .. -- --- 1\ \ 400
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l~ I,ADO
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1~ l,hoo
TIME 1~ 30 TIME i
10 30
H, u" H....
::. - - ~\l~
5 _
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1200
: ~:f:~- h
\ 1\ 1\ 1\
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I~ ~ (n, 270 2nXu;) ~ II ~
10 1 0 1, 00 10,000
Seconds
MlnvlU
l~ l.boo
TIME l~ 30
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
266 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
~l ....
AUSfHlTltED 890 C Fe- 11
1
1600
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800 :-t---
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o
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18 (m I 92 IStX ni)
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10 100
I
1,000 100,000 " 1 10 100 1,000 100,000 "
Seconds
MInutes
10
, 1,000 Minutes
, I,JOG
LO 30 10 30
T lid E TIM E
800
N
~J7~
---.
<,
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1400
700
600
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e ~
100,000
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l~ 1~0 , 1,000
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TIM E
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 267
LIVE GRAPH 0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - 0.7% Cr - B Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.70% Mn - 0.29% Si - 0.76% Cr - Composition: 0.11% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.32% Si - 0.76% Cr -
0.0036% B Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 12 min 0.22% Mo - 0.0062% B Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for
12 min
1000 1000 1800
AUSTHlTIZED·t 910 C rca 12 KIMES 1800 AustnUTlZEO'AT 910 C 'OR U I'll
900
800 N
----
r-,
I
t---- r---
-,,~ -
-- - -
I--.
!..,
:~
c.esle 1600
900
800
~
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\ 100
'\ \
100
o
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~ e 200
Mlnuln
l~
I
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S~conds
MInutes
10 100
, 1,000
10 30 10 30
TIM E TIM E
HOurs Hours
I:
900
800
N:-- <,
~~' N-+-::.: ;--:--J ! I lbOO
600
\ -, NI 1 :
\ \1 ,. r);:,-j---'-
111·io,oL 1200
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500
.00
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300 600
I ;
1\ \ "I
200 .00
100
o
\
e l~
i
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
268 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
LIVE GRAPH 0.10% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.3% Si - 1.4% Cr - B Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.10% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.29% Si - 1.43% Cr- Composition: 0.11% C - 0.75% Mn - 0.33% Si - 1.46% Cr-
0.0059% B Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (54°F) for 12 min 0.25% Mo - 0.0059% B Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (54°F) for
12 min
4':
1000
AUjT!li'lTr~ AT 810 e t" I~ Hr1~ ! I
1800
i 1 i
-1--'1
; , :', , 1'1---;!
900
I I : I 'C'1·'8AOc! 1600 Ac. ...
800
~.~J r-, N ' I 1400
- -
~
700
"- (n< CRh-- ' / ~-
-:: -- - 700
1'\ 1\ 1\\
1\ 1\ i 1200
600
: i L><) ~;.~\- \
~ ~ 600
- [/) \
500
"~~
II 1/"(: :'
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~
f\ - , IJ 1\ : I
1000
S
j
S~
500
I
1\
\ ."\ !\
800 800
.00 -
~ .00
300
"'90
• I'.'
~ :\ i 600 300
: \ 1\ ! 600
200
" '\ 1\ \ ! '00 200
\
I~
\ 1'\ \ I\!
~ 0°~
100 200 100
0
~ l~ '" I" no 13') ~
32 0
~
32
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
l~ l~
Second's Seconds i
1,000 100 1,000
I I
""Inutes 10 30 Mlnules 10 30
TIM E
H.,,, TIM E
Hwn
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
SKonds I
10 1,000
MI~es
10 30
TIME
HGYrs
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
900
200
i\ I'N '\ \ \ 'I \1 ! I '00
.00
100
300
l~O
Second. I
10
llinults 1~ '0
TIUE
H....
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Phase Transformation Kinetics and Hardenability of Low-Carbon Boron-Treated Steels, Metallurgical
Transactions, vol 4, February 1973, ASM International, Materials Park OH
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 269
LIVE GRAPH 0.35% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 0.3% Cr Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.38% Si - 0.34% Cr - Composition: 0.36% C - 0.83% Mn - 0.39% Si - 0.35% Cr -
0.01% Mo Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min 0.24% Mo Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min
AUSTDI1TUED AT 1)0 C rca 1 HI t8
800
_ _ CI"" C
1400 c .In c 1400
100 " " -
If... • -- = _ ;;.X - _ ~- = 1200
600
r l:!
~ ~ ~ i\ \ \ 1000
JOO
1\ \!!i ~ 1\ 1\ 1\ ! 600 \. I\ 1\
U I\i~ 1\ \ \ : \ \ \
W\ 1\ 1'-1' \ \ \
~12 ~, 6ot}(." I96Xll8 ~ m){lll ~
32
10 100 1,000 10,000 10 100 100,000
SKoDd.
l~ l~O SKOnd'S
I
Minutes MlllUtes
10 30
TIM E TIM E
900
1600
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view
800
100
~ - r-: r-- r--
.--- - ;-.::>;
e
c
-19'
.In ( 1400
I"'" ~ IL)
'" -
1200
.J 600 I'" 1\ V,-j;!; k-
:i
:~. .. 500
X
~;
-P-C
b. .:'1
. ~ \ 1000
ile
- ~1x:J>
m 400
800
~
I x:rJ 'l\ 1J..- 1\ 1\ 600
,
300
~;v,,; I~ r\ \ \ .00
'1~J..-
200
100
1\ R \ 200
~ ~.a) ~. a){n.
a»~ ty ~
I1J
o I'::l 32
I 10 100 1,000 100,000
Second. l~ I,dOG
1
Minutes 10 30
TIM E
H".
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
900 I
LIVE GRAPH - 19) C
1600
100
-,
-,
<,
-,
<,
-,
--- ~
.- r: \
- . ".U,
-;-: .
1400
~
600
500
1\ -, ....- - -.. \
-
§ 400 l'x I f ~3 :'r: . P'"
300
I
12~"'-
,.. -- .- ~ t\-- ..\ 1\ ) \ 600
)~ \ \
\
200 " 1\-- X
.00
100 t\ 1'\ \ \
200
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.33% Cr - Composition: 0.40% C - 0.87% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.34% Cr -
0.01% Mo Austenitized at 790°C (1466 0F) for 20 min 0.26% Mo Austenitized at 826°C (1616 0F) for 20 min
1000
1800
I 900 I
I t3. 119JC
1600
•
800
--:::::: r::::- <, <, 101 C
1400
-----
--
e -
700
<, ------- -
600
t-, <, <, . -3=~ ~
""
1200
600
\ \ ,\ \ \ 1000
500 \ y. /,,- c~_~ ~ \ 1000
\\\\ \ ~ \ \ N X\ .3; - - /
\, 800
.00
~ 1\ ~
\ 1\ 1\ .1. \ \ \ ~ \ \ 1\ 600
--
300
~s-~
~~,ll 1\ \ \ \
\
" \
2 5° --= c -
15
200 1-+--++++"sl-+f+-N--1--'~H-I-++---'J-+tt---\t-Ht+t .00
."IX \
200
., \ \
.00
100 200
~ ~(l1o)(2141
0?
reo 16~4S
32 o
~ ~ 32
10,000 100,000 1,000 100,000
10
,
100
I
1 10 100
I
10,000
I
SecOf'ds 100 i.JOG ' Seconds
1~ 100 1,000
i i
Mlnules 10 30 MiMJIes 10 30
TIM E TIM E
Composition: 0.41% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.36% Si - 0.36% Cr- Composition: 0.41% C - 0.84% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.36% Cr -
0.49% Mo Austenitized at 806°C (1480 0F) for 20 min 0.77% Mo Austenitized at 810°C (1490 0F) for 20 min
I 16 00
I
1 11
A'J .,,~ c ".1,,1,
i'--- --. el .110 J c
F..:~ --/K - ~
'"
1200 1200
600
500 1\ \ 1000 \ \
- :'c' : -~)
1\ \ \ .y 1\
i~~ - .-
200 1---+-+-H+,j'~:i'i",\E:: __H+l'd-+--'k--N-t-1t+--\H++-;-t-+-Ht .00 \ \ \ \
1. . 1- \
o ~
1
Seconds
10 100
,
10
1,000 10,000
l~O Seconds
10 100
i
10
1,000
j
100
10,000
i
1,000
MIMes 30 MlI'AIleS l~ 30
TIM E TIME
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Phase Transformation Kinetics and Hardenability of Medium-Carbon Alloy Steels, Climax
Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 277
LIVE GRAPH 0.37% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 0.7% Cr Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.37% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.37% Si - 0.74% Cr - Composition: 0.37% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.39% Si - 0.73% Cr-
0.02% Mo Austenitized at AC3 + 30 0C (64 0F) for 20 min 0.26% Mo Austenitized at AC3 + 30 0C (64 0F) for 20 min
1000 r . : = = = = = = = = - r - - r O T " r - - r - r - - r r r - r - r r T l
·1 I 900 t--j---j---Hli---t-t-
! .I"J,
1600
600 w 600
«
\ ~
i 500
~
400 1\ ~ 400
'00
\ ,1\ 1\ : 600
'00
1\ \
\ ! 400 '00
\ \ ! I!
~--T~ 200
100
J2 0
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1
i
l~
I
SteaMs ~econd's
100 1,000 10 1,000
I
MlnuleS
10 Mll'IUtes 10
'0 3D
T I '" E TIM E
K~B
900
wstEiIlTl [DAT 805 C Fm10KIIM'U
1 ! J
LIVE GRAPH ! 1600
700
r= F::::- --.. -- - er .169 1c 1400
~ SOD
1\ 1"'- , !" "\ I
--l- 1\, 1000
~
i
~ 400 Mx,~<f'
1~4-;}':
V ~
~~\" 1'\ 111\ !\ 'L
!
:
800
~
~
,/ 600
";r,~.:: - u \~ r\ l--1'ill\, i l
'00
\-W...
j
'00 400
100 •\
l),
N: r\ 'Ill
~lil ~:
'00
~Ii
Slo)(m)(16O
o I fOX)2
1 10 100
I
1,000 10,000 100,000 "
Seconds
10 Ibo i.ceo
MlllVtes
TIM E
10 '0
K~B
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenitic Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company I Greenwich CT
w
«
600 1"\
<,
-, r-, ,-- f'<.:- ~
~
1\ I\. 1'\ \ \ 1\
~
50.
1\ If , ,~ c:~ /'
,[0 r-,
~ 400 I\- .-
, (~-:: ~:- ~-
~~ '\ )1\
'00 rc 600
l~ .J
n 50-
) H
200
10.
zs
...
f\-- -
\ -- ~
~
\
400
200
~
S8~~1,,5)(391 l,2t){31>6)
o " ~ rY 32
1
Seconds
10 10.
I
10
1,000
1,000
,
100,000
I
Mloules 10 30
TIME
K~~
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Phase Transformation Kinetics and Hardenability of Medium-Carbon Alloy Steels, Climax
Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
272 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
SAE 4140
Composition: 0.S9% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.26% Si - 1.00% Cr -
0.21% Mo Ausrenltlsed at AcS + SOOC (54 0F) for 20 min
1000
AU. II1Tlu.D AT'4:5 C roa20 I 1800
900 I I
LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view 800
... !~! 1600
Ji
100
600
'" 1\
<,
"\
,
rK ~~ .: -..;---
"'\
-~ -\ 1200
Ii
i
~
~
500 -
(~-r 'J-'\-'~
...,- , 1\)1
-
1000
800 j
400
1 ~\\ II! l ~ ,, '\ . \ i\ !
300 600
~]:== )\ '\~~ \
\ \ 400
'00
7~1\ T'y I~
100
\ I II! '00
~ (m)(,o, ,.>.<"" ~ (212)
o
,I 10 100
>lo
1,000
'"
N'
100,000
l'
Second,
I,JOG
Mlnulu 1~ 30
TIM E
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
SAE 4150
Composition: 0.5S% C - 0.8S% Mn - 0.34% Si - 0.92% Cr -
0.21% Mo Austeniti!ed at 845 0C (1555 0F)
I
AUlftlllll EDAT &liSC FORto HIIA1TU
I I 1800
LIVE GRAPH
900
! IJ 1600
,\
'00
100
o
1 10 100
,1,000 10,000
Seconds
10 l~O , 1,000
Minutes
10 30
TIM E Houls
SOURCE: Witold W. Wia.s, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
Next Page
LIVE GRAPH 0.36% C - 0.8% Mn - 0.3% Si - 1.5% Cr Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.36% C - 0.82% Mn - 0.37% Si - 1.64% Cr - Composition: 0.36% C - 0.86% Mn - 0.38% Si - 1.64% Cr -
0.01% Mo Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min 0.26% Mo Austenitized at AC3 + 30°C (64°F) for 20 min
)000
1800 1800
I I 900
AUS:n:JfnIZED AT 110 C roa 20 KlIIJf!S
I
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o
0
1 10 100
I
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I
" 1 10 100 10,000
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10
I
1,000 Seconds
lAo
TIME
MIMU
Hou~
10 '0
TIME
Mlnuln
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LIVE GRAPH
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1200
BOO
\
\
~ n
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
StConds l~ l~O 1.~OO
I
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T IMf
10 '0
Hou~
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
900 I
LIVE GRAPH BOO "J.J, 1600
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i •
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I
Minutes
TIM E
10 '0
Hou~
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Phase Transformation Kinetics and Hardenability of Medium-Carbon Alloy Steels, Climax
Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
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Composition: 0.81% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.50% Si - 6.04% Cr - Composition: 0.81% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.45% Si - 6.10% Cr -
0.035% Mo Austenitized at 970°C (1780 0F) for 20 min 1.05% Mo Austenitized at 970°C (1780 0F) for 20 min
100 0 1800
b-... T,, ~~l~.~ro c,. 20 KINUTE
.00
- 910 C
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i
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i
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i
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i
"
Seconds lbo 1,000 SKMCh
10 100 1,000
i Minutes i
10 30 10 30
TIM E TIM E
HO\Irs Hours
Composition: 1.03% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.60% Si - 6.03% Cr - Composition: 1.02% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.46% Si - 6.08% Cr-
0.038% Mo Austenitized at 970°C (1780 0F) for 20 min 1.03% Mo Austenitized at 970°C (1780 0F) for 20 min
1200
1000
-\--+--\---~-~
800
+f+-.-t-bI--1rl 600
SKonch
, io 1.000
100 1.000
".Mn 10 30
1 I U [
•
"~"
10
'" 1 I U [
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, "Martensitic Air-Hardenable High-Chromium-Molybdenum Abrasion-Resistant Cast Steels," AFS
Transactions, vol 83, 1976, American Foundrymen's Society, Des Plaines IL
Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 275
Composition: 1.36% C - 0.77% Mn - 0.60% Si - 6.99% Cr - Composition: 1.36% C - 0.73% Mn - 0.46% Si - 6.00% Cr -
0.041% Mo Austenitized at 970 0C (1780 0F) for 20 min 0.98% Mo Austenitized at 9700C (1780 0F) for 20 min
1000
1800
T~t10C
r--.. -... NN!!!!f~ri crj 10 100 0 AUSTEIIItUEDAt',,0Cr0l20HIIIJTES I 800
900 .......
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600
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10 100 1,000 10,000 100,0 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,0 00
i I i i
SKonds 1,000
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MlnulU
i
10 30
TIM E TIM E
Hours Houts
SOURCE: Witold W. Cias, Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Ferrous Alloys, Climax Molybdenum Company, Greenwich CT
276 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams
LIVE GRAPH 0.85% C - 0.7% Mn - 0.5% Si - 12.0% Cr Steels (Mo Additions) LIVE GRAPH
Click here to view Click here to view
Composition: 0.86% C - 0.76% Mn - 0.46% Si - 12.0% Cr- Composition: 0.84% C - 0.72% Mn - 0.44% Si - 12.10% Cr -
0.068% Mo Austenitized at 970°C (1780 0F) for 20 min 1.06% Mo Austenitized at 970°C (1780 0F) for 20 min
1800 1000 1800
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