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 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research,
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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Title: Human geography / Michael Mercier, William Norton.

Names: Norton, William, 1944- author. | Mercier, Michael, author.
Description: Tenth edition. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 2019006367X | Canadiana (ebook) 20190063807 | ISBN 9780199032938 (softcover) | ISBN 9780199034741
(loose leaf) | ISBN 9780199032945 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Human geography—Textbooks. | LCGFT: Textbooks.
Classification: LCC GF41 .N67 2019 | DDC 304.2—dc23

Cover image: Frank Pali/All Canada Photos/Getty Images

Cover and interior design: Laurie McGregor
Figures, Tables, and Boxes
Preface
Features
Acknowledgements
About the Authors

1 What Is Human Geography?

Defining Human Geography
Concepts: Space, Place, and Region
Concepts: Interaction, Communication, and Movement
Geographic Tools
People and Places
Conclusion
Summary
Questions for Critical Thought
Suggested Readings
2 Population and Health Geography
Population Distribution
Population Dynamics
Fertility
Mortality
Natural Increase
Government Policies
The Composition of a Population
History of Population Growth
Explaining Population Growth
Migration
Health Geographies
Conclusion
Summary
Links to Other Chapters
Questions for Critical Thought
Suggested Readings

3 Uneven Development and Global Inequalities

Identifying Global Inequalities
Explaining Global Inequalities
Interpreting the Significance of Global Inequalities
Feeding the World
Refugees
Natural Disasters and Diseases
Prospects for Economic Growth
Striving for Equality, Fairness, and Social Justice
Conclusion
Summary
Links to Other Chapters
Questions for Critical Thought
Suggested Readings
4 Geographies of Culture and Landscape
A World Divided by Culture?
Formal Cultural Regions
Vernacular Cultural Regions
The Making of Cultural Landscapes
Cultural Variables: Language and Religion
Language
Religion
Conclusion
Summary
Links to Other Chapters
Questions for Critical Thought
Suggested Readings

5 Geographies of Identity and Difference

The Cultural Turn
The Myth of Race
Ethnicity
Gender
Sexuality
Identities and Landscapes
Geographies of Well-Being
Folk Culture and Popular Culture
Tourism
Conclusion
Summary
Links to Other Chapters
Questions for Critical Thought
Suggested Readings

6 Political Geography
State Creation
Geopolitics (and Geopolitik)
Unstable States
Groupings of States
The Role of the State
Elections: Geography Matters
The Geography of Peace and War
Our Geopolitical Future?
Conclusion
Summary
Links to Other Chapters
Questions for Critical Thought
Suggested Readings

7 An Urban World
An Urbanizing World
The Origins and Growth of Cities
The Location of Cities
Urban Systems and Hierarchies
Global Cities
Conclusion
Summary
Links to Other Chapters
Questions for Critical Thought
Suggested Readings

8 Urban Form and the Social Geography of the City

Explaining Urban Form
Housing and Neighbourhoods
Suburbs and Sprawl
Inequality and Poverty
Cities as Centres of Production and Consumption
Transportation and Communication
Planning the City
Cities of the Less Developed World
Conclusion
Summary
Links to Other Chapters
Questions for Critical Thought
Suggested Readings

9 Geographies of Food and Agriculture

The Geography of Food Production
Distance, Land Value, and Land Use
Domesticating Plants and Animals
The Evolution of World Agricultural Landscapes
World Agriculture Today: Types and Regions
Global Agricultural Restructuring
Food Production, Food Consumption, and Identity
Conclusion
Summary
Links to Other Chapters
Questions for Critical Thought
Suggested Readings

10 Geographies of Energy, Industry, and Services

Economic Activity
The Industrial Location Problem
The Industrial Revolution
Fossil Fuel Sources of Energy
World Industrial Geography
Globalization and Industrial Geographies
Uneven Development in More Developed Countries
Conclusion
Summary
Links to Other Chapters
Questions for Critical Thought
Suggested Readings

11 Geographies of Globalization
Introducing Globalization
Geography as a Discipline in Distance
Overcoming Distance: Transportation
Overcoming Distance: Trade
Overcoming Distance: Transnational Corporations (TNCs)
Overcoming Distance: Transmitting Information
Interpreting, Conceptualizing, and Measuring Globalization
The Global Economic System
Cultural Globalization
Political Globalization
Globalization: Good or Bad?
Conclusion
Summary
Links to Other Chapters
Questions for Critical Thought
Suggested Readings

12 Humans and the Environment

A Global Perspective
Environmental Concern
Human Impacts on Vegetation
Human Impacts on Animals
Human Impacts on Land, Soil, Air, and Water
Human Impacts on Climate
Earth’s Vital Signs
Sustainability and Sustainable Development
Conclusion
Summary
Links to Other Chapters
Questions for Critical Thought
Suggested Readings
Glossary
References
Index
1.1a Political map of the world, 1900
1.1b Political map of the world, 2019
1.2 Spatial distribution: Concentration and pattern
1.3 Urban centres in Central Canada with populations greater than 50,000
1.4 Typical distance decay curve
1.5 Time zone map of the world
1.6 Revolution of the earth around the sun
1.7 Areas observing daylight savings time
1.8 Three common forms of map scale
1.9 A Mercator projection with circles depicting distortion
1.10 Comparison of Greenland and Africa in the Mercator projection
1.11 Gall-Peters projection
1.12 Relief map of Nova Scotia—Example of a reference map
1.13 2015 federal election results for the city of Toronto—Example of a thematic map
1.14 John Snow’s map of London, UK—Example of a dot map
1.15 Population density map of India—Example of a choropleth map
1.16 Topographic map of Banff, Alberta—Example of an isopleth map
1.17 Cartogram of Canada
2.1 World income and lifespan, 2017
2.2 World population distribution, 2017
2.3 World population density
2.4 World distribution of crude birth rates, 2017
2.5 Death rates and age
2.6 World distribution of crude death rates, 2017
2.7 World distribution of life expectancy, 2017
2.8 World distribution of rates of natural increase, 2017
2.9 Age and sex structure in China in 1970 and 2010
2.10 Age structure of populations
2.11 Age and sex structure in Brazil: 1975, 2000, 2050
2.12 Proportion of the population aged 60 years or over: World and development regions, 1950–2050
2.13 Age and sex structure in Canada: 1861, 1921, 1981, 2017, 2050
2.14 World population growth
2.15 The demographic transition model
2.16 Major world migrations, 1500–1900
2.17 The epidemiological transition
2.18 Diffusion of cholera, North America, 1832 and 1866
2.19 Health care expenditures per capita, 2015
3.1 More, less, and least developed countries
3.2 Gross national income per person, 2018
3.3 Global distribution of human development, 2015
3.4 Civilizations of the ancient world
3.5 The shape of continents
3.6 Factors underlying the broadest patterns of history
3.7 The world system: Core, semi-periphery, and periphery
3.8 Quality of governance among different types of countries
3.9 Food assistance needs and famine risk, 2018
3.10 Refugee numbers, 1960–2017
3.11 Major source countries of refugees, 2016
3.12 Local settlement of Syrian refugees, 2017
3.13 Pathways for refugees and migrants into Europe, 2016
3.14 The Horn of Africa
3.15 Countries affected by the Asian tsunami, December 2004
3.16 Malaria in africa
4.1 Cultural regions of the world
4.2 Regions of North America
4.3 Europe defined
4.4 Cultural regions of the United States
4.5 Regions of Canada
4.6 American vernacular regions
4.7 The nine nations of North America: A journalist’s perception
4.8 Core, domain, and sphere
4.9 Effects of pre-emption on the adoption curve
4.10 World distribution of language families before European expansion
4.11 Linguistic densities
4.12 Initial diffusion of Indo-European languages
4.13 Diffusion of Indo-European languages into England
4.14 Four official languages in Switzerland
4.15 Flemish, French, and German in Belgium
4.16 French and English in North America
4.17 Hearth areas and diffusion of four major religions
4.18 World distribution of major religions
5.1 South African “Homelands”
5.2 Mental maps
5.3 Global distribution of the Gender Development Index (GDI)
5.4 World distribution of happiness
5.5 The tourism system of place construction
6.1 The British Empire in the late nineteenth century
6.2 Principal elements in the process of exploration
6.3 Territorial expansion of the United States
6.4 European imperial coverage of the globe
6.5 Mackinder’s heartland theory
6.6 African ethnic regions
6.7 African political areas in the sixteenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries
6.8 The former Yugoslavia
6.9 The former USSR
6.10 Some areas of conflict in South Asia
6.11 European ethnic regions
6.12 The original “gerrymander”
6.13 Gerrymandering in Mississippi
6.14 Illinois’ 4th congressional district
6.15 Voting and place in South Carolina
6.16 Global distribution of freedom, 2017
6.17 World civilizations
7.1 World rural and urban populations, 1950–2050
7.2 Rural and urban populations of the more developed and less developed regions of the world, 1950–2050
7.3 Urban population, as percent of total population, by country, 2018
7.4 Rural and urban populations, Canada, 1950–2050
7.5 Canada: Census metropolitan areas, 2016
7.6 Megacities, 2018 and 2030
7.7 The six urban hearths
7.8 Theoretical hinterlands (or market areas) for central places
7.9 A simplified (two-order) central place system
7.10 Alpha global cities, 2016
7.11 The global cities index, 2018
7.12 Global cities and spheres of influence
8.1 Urban land values
8.2 Three classic models of the internal structure of urban areas
8.3 The West European city
8.4 Modelling the Latin American city
8.5 Modelling the Asian colonial city
8.6 Modelling the Southeast Asian city
8.7 White’s model of the twenty-first-century city
8.8 Locating Eight Mile Road
8.9 Space-time prism for Ellie, March 1998 to March 2000
8.10 Street layout in Charlottetown, 1768
8.11 Ebenezer Howard’s garden city and its agricultural belt
8.12 Incidence Of urban slums as a percentage of urban population, 2009
9.1 Relationship between mean annual rainfall and wheat yield in the US, 1909
9.2 Crop and livestock combinations along the US-Canada border
9.3 Supply and demand curves
9.4 Generalized rent-paying abilities of selected land uses
9.5 Economic rent lines for three crops and related zones of land use
9.6 Agricultural land use in the isolated state, according to Von Thünen
9.7 Relaxing a Von Thünen assumption
9.8 Relaxing two Von Thünen assumptions
9.9 Agricultural land use in Uruguay
9.10 Areas of agricultural domestication and early diffusion
9.11 Tillage system trends on the Canadian Prairies
9.12 World agricultural regions
9.13 Change in area devoted to wheat and specialty crops, Canadian Prairies (millions of hectares)
9.14 Percentage of labour force in agriculture by country, 2017
9.15 The food supply system
9.16 Global dietary patterns
10.1 A locational triangle
10.2 Transportation cost and distance
10.3 Stepped transportation costs
10.4 Major oil trade movements (million tonnes), 2016
10.5 Major world industrial regions
10.6 Export-processing zones
10.7 Special economic zones in China
10.8 Economic growth and employment distribution
10.9 The changing structure of world employment
10.10 Percentage of labour force in industry by country, 2017
10.11 Percentage of labour force in services by country, 2017
11.1 Diffusion of transport innovations in britain, 1650–1930
11.2 The Impact of The Suez and Panama Canals on ocean travel distances
11.3 The influence of containerization on world trade, 1948–2012
11.4 Selected economic groupings of countries
11.5 Global Information Communication Technologies (id) developments, 2000–2017
11.6 Internet users, 2000–2017
11.7 KOF index of Globalization worldwide
11.8 Global connectedness index, 2005–2015
11.9 World distribution of global connectedness index, 2015
11.10 Territorial interpenetration: The “incorporation” of parts of a state’s territory into a transnational corporation
11.11 The contemporary geo-economy
11.12 World merchandise exports by region, 1948–2016 Tables
12.1 Chemical cycling and energy flows
12.2 Spread of radiation from Chernobyl across Europe, 3 may 1986
12.3 Some consequences of human-induced vegetation change
12.4 Past and present location of tropical rain forests
12.5 Australia’s rabbit and dog fences
12.6 The global water cycle
12.7 Garbage in the oceans
12.8 The impact of sea-level change on Bangladesh
12.9 Global distribution of some major environmental problems

2.1 World population distribution by major area (percentage): Current and projected
2.2 The 10 most populous countries: Current and projected
2.3 Population densities of the 10 most populous countries, 2017
2.4 Contraceptive use by region, 2017
2.5 Population data, Canada, 2017
2.6 Countries with the highest rates of natural increase, 2017
2.7 Countries with the lowest rates of natural increase, 2017
2.8 Projected population growth, 2017–2050
2.9 Global aging, 1950–2050
2.10 Adding the billions: Actual and projected
2.11 Estimating how many people have ever lived on earth
2.12 Some push and pull factors
2.13 Some typical moorings
2.14 Countries with highest levels of adult (ages 15–49) HIV/AIDS prevalence, 2015
3.1 Extremes of human development, 2015
3.2 Population densities, selected countries, 2017
3.3 Main origins of refugees, 2016
3.4 Main countries of refugee asylum, 2016
4.1 Languages with more than 100 million native speakers, 2017
4.2 Major language families of the world
4.3 Major world religions: Number of adherents (thousands) by continental region, 2017
5.1 Examples of scales of difference
5.2 Examples of scales of inclusions and exclusions
5.3 Gender inequality index, 2015
5.4 Characteristic tendencies: Conventional mass tourism versus alternative tourism
6.1 Ethnic groups in the former Yugoslavia
6.2 Ethnic groups in the former USSR
6.3 Global trends in the spread of democracy, 1977–2017
7.1 Some definitions of urban centres
7.2 Population growth rates (total, urban, rural): 1950–2000, 2000–2015, and 2015–2030
7.3 Canada: Total, urban, and rural population (thousands), 1950–2050
7.4 Canada: Census metropolitan area populations (thousands), 2016
7.5 Cities with more than 10 million people, 2018 and 2030
7.6 Changes in population in rust belt versus sun belt cities in the United States, 1950–2030
7.7 The hierarchical Canadian urban system, 2016
7.8 Canada’s urban system and the rank-size distribution, 2016
7.9 Urban systems of the more and less developed worlds with primate cities, 2014
8.1 Selected life cycle events that can cause residential relocation (chronological)
8.2 Factors underlying neighbourhood decline or revitalization
9.1 Average distances from London to regions of import derivation (miles)
9.2 Comparing tillage strategies
9.3 Agribusinesses and crops in the less developed world
10.1 Top 12 countries in oil production and proven oil reserves, 2016
10.2 Principal oil-consuming countries, 2016
10.3 Natural gas: Proven reserves, 2016
10.4 Natural gas production, 2016
10.5 Natural gas consumption, 2016
10.6 Coal: Proven reserves, production, and consumption, 2017
10.7 Manufacturing, value-added (current US$), average 2014–2016
10.8 Employment by sector, 1990 and 2020 (projected), selected transition economies
10.9 Labour markets: From Fordism to post-Fordism
11.1 Revenue data for the top 10 transnational corporations, 2017, and gross national income for 10 select
countries, 2016
11.2 Foreign direct investment inflows by major regions, 2017
11.3 Three theses about globalization Boxes
11.4 KOF Index of Globalization: Top 10 and bottom 10 countries, 2015
11.5 Globalization theses and economic geography
11.6 Globalization theses and cultural geography
11.7 Globalization theses and political geography
11.8 Globalization theses and development studies
11.9 Globalization theses and environmental issues
12.1 Global deforestation: Estimated areas cleared (thousands km2)

1.1 “What Is Where, Why There and Why Care?”–An Illustrative Example
1.2 Toponyms
1.4 Smoots and Other Non-Standard Ways of Measuring Distance
1.8 Career Pathways for Human Geographers
2.1 Levels of Development
2.2 World Population Density
2.7 How Many People Have Ever Lived on Earth?
2.8 The Ravenstein Laws
3.2 The Idea of Growth through Developmental Stages
3.4 Emerging Africa: The Hopeful Continent
3.6 War, Famine, and Refugees in the Horn of Africa
5.2 Species and Races
5.3 A History of Racism
5.6 The Geography of Fear
5.9 Consigned to the Shadows
6.3 Regional Identities and Political Aspirations: The Example of Canada
6.7 Creating Electoral Bias
7.3 A Transit Map for an Urban Nation
7.4 Application of Central Places to Hockey Associations and Teams in Canada
8.1 Social Trends and the Social Geography of the City
8.8 Slum Areas as Gateways to Prosperity
9.2 Calculating Economic Rent
9.4 Organic Farming
9.7 Canadian Farmers: Fewer and Older
10.1 Types of Economic Activity and the Making of an Automobile
10.2 The Period of the Industrial Revolution
10.4 The World’s Biggest Coalmine
10.9 Re-Shoring of Industrial Activity
11.1 The Tyranny of Distance
11.2 The: Containerization and World Trade
11.3 Explaining Commodity Flows
11.7 Capitalism Is Good and Bad
12.3 The Tragedy of the Commons or Collective Responsibility?
12.4 The Great Green Wall
12.8 Climate Change Front and Centre

1.3 Swastika and the Power of Place Names

1.7 Correcting Long-Held Misconceptions: The Gall-Peters Projection
2.6 Causes and Consequences of Population Aging
2.9 The Muslim Travel Ban
2.10 Defeating AIDS?
3.3 Feeding 9 Billion
3.5 Rohingya Refugee Crisis
4.5 Islamic and Christian Identities
5.5 Gendered Identity and Pronouns
5.7 Truth and Reconciliation in Canada
5.8 Less Developed Canada?
6.2 The Jewish State
6.6 Brexit
7.1 Listing the “20 Largest Cities”
8.2 Gentrification and Protest
8.3 Black Lives Matter and Anthem Protests
8.4 Making the Most of Space in Modern Cities
8.7 Quayside and Sidewalk Labs
9.6 For and Against Genetically Modified Crops
9.8 The Politics of Healthy Eating: Canada’s Food Guide
10.5 Mongolia—A New Resource Frontier
11.5 Social Media, Revolutions, and Riots
12.2 The Chernobyl Nuclear Accident
12.7 Plastics in the Ocean

1.5 Daylight Savings Time

1.6 The Mercator Projection
2.3 Declining Fertility in the Less Developed World
2.4 Declining Fertility in the More Developed World
2.5 Population in China
2.11 Cholera Diffusion
3.1 Three Less Developed World Case Studies: Ethiopia, Sri Lanka, and Haiti
3.7 Flooding in Bangladesh
3.8 The Grameen Bank, Bangladesh
4.1 Europe as a Cultural Region
4.2 The Mormon Landscape
4.3 Linguistic Territorialization in Belgium and Canada
4.4 The Celtic Languages
4.6 Religious Landscapes: Hutterites and Doukhobors in the Canadian West
5.1 Iconographic Analyses of Canadian Landscapes
5.4 Immigration and Ethnic Diversity in Canada
5.10 Tourism in Sri Lanka
6.1 Remnants of Empire
6.4 The Plight of the Kurds
6.5 Conflicts in the Former Yugoslavia
7.2 Changing Settlement in Canada
8.5 Eight Mile Road
8.6 The Homeless Experience
9.1 Government and the Agricultural Landscape
9.3 Agricultural Core Areas, c. 500 BCE
9.5 The Green Revolution in India
10.3 Oil Reserves and Oil Production
10.6 Industry in Canada
10.7 China: From Struggling Peasant Economy to Industrial Giant
10.8 The Deindustrialization Revolution in the United Kingdom
11.4 The European Union
11.6 The World Trade Organization
12.1 Lessons from Easter Island
12.5 Unwanted Guests
12.6 A Tale of Three Water Bodies
 eographers study where things are, why they are there, and whythis knowledge matters. Studying
and understanding these concepts has been, and continues to be, of great importance in our ever-
changing society. Geographic knowledge and an appreciation of the value of a geographic perspective
help individuals and groups make sense of the changing world in which we live.
This book captures the spirit and practical merit of contemporary human geography. Like the
discipline, it encompasses a broad range of subject matter and no single approach or methodology
dominates. This book emphasizes how human geography has developed in response to society’s needs
and how it continues to change accordingly. It also stresses the links between human geography and
other disciplines, not only to clarify ideas, but to encourage students to apply their human geographic
knowledge and spatial understanding of issues to other academic contexts.

Both the practice and the subject matter of human geography change constantly. Consequently, this
edition was revised in three significant ways: the text’s flow, clarity, and readability were improved; new
content was included; and, most significantly, the introductory material, previously spanning two and a
half chapters, was streamlined into one brand-new chapter that provides a more focused and practical
introduction to the discipline of human geography. This new opening chapter has two broad areas of
coverage: the essential concepts for geographic understanding and the tools that geographers use to
communicate spatial information.
 One change made to improve the book’s flow is a reordering of several chapters. The chapter on
population geography, for example, was moved to earlier in the book to appear as the second chapter.
This placement sets the context of the humans in human geography before moving on to engage with
other topics. The earlier placement of this chapter has led to several important revisions within it,
including an increased emphasis on health topics as well as traditional population dynamics. The chapter
on globalization was moved to later in the book, which better connects this content with its economic,
political, and cultural dimensions. Finally, the chapter on human interactions with, and impacts on, the
environment was moved to the end of the text. This placement better emphasizes the book’s connections
to a course on physical geography, which, along with ahuman geography course, provides the foundation
for the post-secondary study of geography.
This tenth edition also includes countless general improvements throughout the text, including
additional current and relevant examples of concepts. The perspective in many chapters has been
broadened to better reflect current human geographic theoretical understanding. For example, the
chapter on agriculture now includes extensive new discussion about food, food security, and changing
cultural tastes. The chapter on inequality now includes a substantive discussion about alternative ways of
thinking about and measuring uneven development.
The glossary was heavily revised and most concept definitions reflect a more streamlined and precise
phrasing. In addition, the glossary contains over 70 new terms. More significantly, over 25 per cent of the
box content in this edition is new. These boxes explore current topics such as Brexit, Canada’s 2019
Food Guide, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and each explicitly shows how issues are
better understood by applying a human geographic perspective.
Learning Tools
In addition to comprehensive chapter openers and summaries, the text is packed with learning tools.
“Links to Other Chapters” underline connections between topics that may not be apparent at first glance;
“Questions for Critical Thought” and a running glossary reinforce understanding and encourage
discussion of core concepts.
Extensive Box Program
Human Geography features three different feature boxes, scattered throughout every chapter to highlight
issues, events, and ideas relevant to the study of human geography.
• “In the News” boxes draw students’ attention to current events relating to human geography.
• “Around the Globe” boxes introduce students to issues regarding a particular location.
• “Examining the Issues” boxes help students examine theoretical matters that apply to the broader
world.

Richly Illustrated
An expanded art program in the tenth edition emphasizes visual learning throughout the text. New and
updated figures, tables, maps, and photos enhance students’ understanding of the material.
National and Global Perspectives
Current Canadian and international examples are used throughout the text. Students will gain a global
perspective and a greater understanding of issues such as climate change, world population density, and
food shortages.

The tenth edition of Human Geography is accompanied by a wide range of supplementary online items
for students and instructors alike, all designed to enhance and complete the learning and teaching
experiences. These resources are available at www.oup.com/he/Mercier10e.

A comprehensive student study guide of review material—including research questions, links to human
geography websites, interactive practice quizzes and study flash cards, YouTube videos, and Google
Earth exercises—is designed to reinforce understanding of the material and provide directions for further
research. Three appendices and a substantial portion of material from the previous editions, on topics
ranging from trade theories to religious identity, have been placed online. The website also features a
Google Maps guide to key areas discussed in the book, a Google Earth tutorial session, and a streaming
video.

The following instructor’s resources are available to qualifying adopters. Please contact your OUP sales
representative for more information.
• An instructor’s manual simplifies class planning by providing learning objectives, expanded key
concepts, teaching aids, and discussion topics for each chapter.
• A test generator offers an array of true/false, multiple-choice, short-answer, and essay questions,
making test formulating a snap.
• PowerPoint slides provide valuable visual aids for classroom use.
• An image bank containing hundreds of full-colour figures, photographs, and tables makes
classroom discussion more engaging and relevant.
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Menaced by Ryaks. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. (The Sea
Hound, chap. 4) 2 reels. © 25Sep47; L1272. Columbia Pictures
Industries, Inc. (PWH); 25Nov74; R591429.
R591430.
Captain Silver’s strategy. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. (The
Sea Hound, chap. 5) 2 reels. © 2Oct47; L1278. Columbia Pictures
Industries, Inc. (PWH); 25Nov74; R591430.

R591431.
The Sea Hound at bay. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. (The
Sea Hound, chap. 6) 2 reels. © 9Oct47; L1300. Columbia Pictures
Industries, Inc. (PWH); 25Nov74; R591431.

R591432.
Rand’s treachery. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. (The Sea
Hound, chap. 7) 2 reels. © 16Oct47; L1310. Columbia Pictures
Industries, Inc. (PWH); 25Nov74; R591432.

R591433.
In the admiral’s lair. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. (The Sea
Hound, chap. 8) 2 reels. © 23Oct47; L1320. Columbia Pictures
Industries, Inc. (PWH); 25Nov74; R591433.

R591434.
On the water wheel. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. (The Sea
Hound, chap. 9) 2 reels. © 30Oct47; L1340. Columbia Pictures
Industries, Inc. (PWH); 25Nov74; R591434.

R591484.
King-size canary. By Loew’s, Inc. 1 reel. © 19Nov47; L1337. Metro-
Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. (PWH); 25Nov74; R591484.

R591488.
Mighty Mouse in A Date for dinner. By Terry-Toons, Inc. 1 reel. ©
29Aug47; L1261. Viacom International, Inc. (PWH); 22Nov74;
R591488.

R591489.
Mighty Mouse in A Fight to the finish. By Terry-Toons, Inc. 1 reel.
© 14Nov47; L1447. Viacom International, Inc. (PWH); 22Nov74;
R591489.

R591490.
Heckle and Jeckle, the talking magpies, in The Super salesman. By
Terry-Toons, Inc. 1 reel. © 24Oct47; L1448. Viacom International,
Inc. (PWH); 22Nov74; R591490.

R591491.
The Talking magpies in Flying south. By Terry-Toons, Inc. 1 reel.
© 15Aug47; L1449. Viacom International, Inc. (PWH); 22Nov74;
R591491.

R591492.
Heckle and Jeckle, the talking magpies, in Fishing by the sea. By
Terry-Toons, Inc. 1 reel. © 19Sep47; L1450. Viacom International,
Inc. (PWH); 22Nov74; R591492.

R591493.
Mighty Mouse in The First snow. By Terry-Toons, Inc. 1 reel. ©
10Oct47; L1459. Viacom International, Inc. (PWH); 22Nov74;
R591493.

R591494.
One note Tony. By Terry-Toons, Inc. 1 reel. © 22Oct47; L1628.
Viacom International, Inc. (PWH); 22Nov74; R591494.

R591573.
 Bowery buckaroos. By Monogram Pictures Corporation. 7 reels. ©
22Nov47; L1285. Warner Brothers, Inc. (PWH); 25Nov74; R591573.

R591703.
Cass Timberlane. By Loew’s, Inc. 119 min. © 19Nov47; L1314.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. (PWH); 29Nov74; R591703.

R591704.
Summer holiday. By Loew’s, Inc. 93 min. © 26Nov47; L1345.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. (PWH); 29Nov74; R591704.

R591746.
Pirates of Monterey. By Universal Pictures Company, Inc. 8 reels.
© 17Nov47; LP420. Universal Pictures (PWH); 29Nov74; R591746.

R591747.
Universal international newsreel. Vol. 20, no. 88. By Universal
Pictures Company, Inc. 1 reel. © 4Nov47; M2480. Universal Pictures
(PWH); 29Nov74; R591747.

R591748.
Universal international newsreel. Vol. 20, no. 89. By Universal
Pictures Company, Inc. 1 reel. © 6Nov47; M2528. Universal Pictures
(PWH); 29Nov74; R591748.

R591749.
Universal international newsreel. Vol. 20, no. 90. By Universal
Pictures Company, Inc. 1 reel. © 11Nov47; M2529. Universal
Pictures (PWH); 29Nov74; R591749.

R591750.
 Universal international newsreel. Vol. 20, no. 91. By Universal
Pictures Company, Inc. 1 reel. © 13Nov47; M2530. Universal
Pictures (PWH); 29Nov74; R591750.

R591751.
Universal international newsreel. Vol. 20, no. 92. By Universal
Pictures Company, Inc. 1 reel. © 18Nov47; M2531. Universal
Pictures (PWH); 29Nov74; R591751.

R591752.
Universal international newsreel. Vol. 20, no. 93. By Universal
Pictures Company, Inc. 1 reel. © 20Nov47; M2660. Universal
Pictures (PWH); 29Nov74; R591752.

R591753.
Universal international newsreel. Vol. 20, no. 94. By Universal
Pictures Company, Inc. 1 reel. © 25Nov47; M2661. Universal
Pictures (PWH); 29Nov74; R591753.

R591754.
Universal international newsreel. Vol. 20, no. 95. By Universal
Pictures Company, Inc. 1 reel. © 27Nov47; M2662. Universal
Pictures (PWH); 29Nov74; R591754.

R591818.
Paramount news, number 25. By Paramount Pictures, Inc. 1 reel.
© 22Nov47; M2546. Major News Library (PWH); 26Nov74;
R591818.

R591845.
Beauty and the beast. By Andre Paulve. Add. ti: La Belle et la bete.
10 reels. © 1Dec46; L1722. Janus Films, Inc. (PWH); 15Nov74;
R591845.
R591937.
Chiquita Banana’s reception. By John Sutherland Productions,
Inc. 3 min. © 9Aug47; M3749. United Brands Company (PWH);
29Nov74; R591937.

R592080.
Chiquita Banana convinces the cannibal. By John Sutherland
Productions, Inc. 3 min. © 2Oct47; M3745. United Brands Company
(PWH); 5Dec74; P592080.

R592081.
Chiquita Banana’s school for brides. By John Sutherland
Productions, Inc. 3 min. © 2Oct47; M3746. United Brands Company
(PWH); 5Dec74; R592081.

R592082.
Chiquita Banana on the air. By John Sutherland Productions, Inc.
3 min. © 2Oct47; M3747. United Brands Company (PWH); 5Dec74;
R592082.

R592083.
Chiquita Banana makes a better breakfast. By John Sutherland
Productions, Inc. 3 min. © 2Oct47; M3748. United Brands Company
(PWH); 5Dec74; 8592083.

R592084.
Chiquita Banana on television. By John Sutherland Productions,
Inc. 3 min. © 9Aug47; M3750. United Brands Company (PWH);
5Dec74; R592084.

R592085.
 Chiquita Banana helps the pie man. By John Sutherland
Productions, Inc. 3 min. © 27Oct47; M3751. United Brands
Company (PWH); 5Dec74; R592085.

R592086.
Chiquita Banana’s fan. By John Sutherland Productions, Inc. 3
min. © 27Oct47; M3752. United Brands Company (PWH); 5Dec74;
R592086.

R592087.
Chiquita Banana’s star attraction. By John Sutherland
Productions, Inc. 3 min. © 27Oct47; M3753. United Brands
Company (PWH); 5Dec74; R592087.

R592088.
Chiquita Banana goes north. By John Sutherland Productions, Inc.
3 min. © 27Oct47; M3755. United Brands Company (PWH); 5Dec74;
R592088.

R592179.
News of the day. Vol. 19, issue no. 217. By Hearst Metrotone News,
Inc. 1 reel. © 5Nov47; M2608. Hearst Metrotone News, a division of
the Hearst Corporation (PWH); 9Dec74; R592179.

R592180.
News of the day. Vol. 19, issue no. 218. By Hearst Metrotone News,
Inc. 1 reel. © 7Nov47; M2609. Hearst Metrotone News, a division of
the Hearst Corporation (PWH); 9Dec74; R592180.

R592181.
News of the day. Vol. 19, issue no. 219. By Hearst Metrotone News,
Inc. 1 reel. © 12Nov47; M2610. Hearst Metrotone News, a division of
the Hearst Corporation (PWH); 9Dec74; R592181.
R592182.
News of the day. Vol. 19, issue no. 220. By Hearst Metrotone
News, Inc. 1 reel. © 14Nov47; M2611. Hearst Metrotone News, a
division of the Hearst Corporation (PWH); 9Dec74; R592182.

R592183.
News of the day. Vol. 19, issue no. 221. By Hearst Metrotone News,
Inc. 1 reel. © 19Nov47; M2612. Hearst Metrotone News, a division of
the Hearst Corporation (PWH); 9Dec74; R592183.

R592184.
News of the day. Vol. 19, issue no. 222. By Hearst Metrotone News,
Inc. 1 reel. © 21Nov47; M2613. Hearst Metrotone News, a division of
the Hearst Corporation (PWH); 9Dec74; R592184.

R592185.
News of the day. Vol. 19, issue no. 223. By Hearst Metrotone News,
Inc. 1 reel. © 26Nov47; M2614. Hearst Metrotone News, a division of
the Hearst Corporation (PWH); 9Dec74; R592185.

R592186.
News of the day. Vol. 19, issue no. 224. By Hearst Metrotone News,
Inc. 1 reel. © 28Nov47; M2615. Hearst Metrotone News, a division of
the Hearst Corporation (PWH); 9Dec74; R592186.

R592268.
G Men never forget. Chap. no. 7–12. By Republic Productions, Inc.
2 reels each. © 21Nov47; L1384. Repix, Inc. (PWH); 23Dec74;
R592268.

R592644.
 Paramount news, number 26. By Paramount Pictures, Inc. 1 reel.
© 26Nov47; M2547. Major News Library (PWH); 6Dec74; R592644.

R592645.
Paramount news, number 27. By Paramount Pictures, Inc. 1 reel.
© 29Nov47; M2576. Major News Library (PWH); 6Dec74; R592645.

R592646.
Paramount news, number 28. By Paramount Pictures, Inc. 1 reel.
© 3Dec47; M2577. Major News Library (PWH); 6Dec74; R592646.

R592812.
That Hagen girl. By Warner Brothers Pictures, Inc. 9 reels. ©
1Nov47; L1282. United Artists Television, Inc. (PWH); 6Dec74;
R592812.

R592813.
Escape me never. By Warner Brothers Pictures, Inc. 12 reels. ©
22Nov47; L1305. United Artists Television, Inc. (PWH); 6Dec74;
R592813.

R592814.
Safari so good. By Paramount Pictures, Inc. 1 reel. © 7Nov47;
L1329. United Artists Television, Inc. (PWH); 6Dec74; R592814.

R592815.
Mexican joy ride. By Vitaphone Corporation. 1 reel. © 30Nov47;
M2538. United Artists Television, Inc. (PWH); 6Dec74; R592815.

R592816.
 A Horse fly fleas. By Vitaphone Corporation. 1 reel. © 30Nov47;
M2549. United Artists Television, Inc. (PWH); 6Dec74; R592816.

R592817.
Doggone cats. By The Vitaphone Corporation. 1 reel. © 30Nov47;
M3016. United Artists Television, Inc. (PWH); 6Dec74; R592817.

R592891.
Paramount news, number 29. By Paramount Pictures, Inc. 1 reel.
© 6Dec47; M2579. Major News Library (PWH); 12Dec74; R592891.

R592892.
Paramount news, number 30. By Paramount Pictures, Inc. 1 reel.
© 10Dec47; M2580. Major News Library (PWH); 12Dec74;
R592892.

R592965.
Good news. By Loew’s, Inc. 93 min. © 5Dec47; L1397. Metro-
Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. (PWH); 6Dec74; R592965.

R592966.
Cradle of a nation. By Loew’s, Inc. 1 reel. © 4Dec47; M2527.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. (PWH); 6Dec74; R592966.

R593022.
Where there’s life. By Paramount Pictures, Inc. 8 reels. ©
21Nov47; L1313. Emka Division of Universal City Studios, Inc.
(PWH); 9Dec74; R593022.

R593023.
 Golden earrings. By Paramount Pictures, Inc. 10 reels. © 31Oct47;
L1333. Emka Division of Universal City Studios, Inc. (PWH);
9Dec74; R593023.

R593268.
Take my life. By Independent Producers, Ltd. 8 reels. © 3Dec47;
L1527. Rank Film Distributors, Ltd. (PWH); 18Dec74; R593268.

R593269.
I know where I’m going. By Universal Pictures Company, Inc. 11
reels. © 11Dec47; L1675. Rank Film Distributors. Ltd. (PWH);
18Dec74; R593269.

R593270.
Bush Christmas. By Universal Pictures Company, Inc. 8 reels, ©
11Dec47; L1922. Rank Film Distributors, Ltd. (PWH); 18Dec74;
R593270.

R593271.
This happy breed. By Universal Pictures Company, Inc. 12 reels. ©
11Dec47; L1962. Rank Film Distributors, Ltd. (PWH); 18Dec74;
R593271.

R593272.
Tawny Pipit. By Universal Pictures Company, Inc. 9 reels,
11Dec47; L1979. Rank Film Distributors, Ltd. (PWH); 18Dec74;
R593272.

R593273.
Captain Boycott. By Universal Pictures Company, Inc. 11 reels.
11Dec47; L2063. Rank Film Distributors, Ltd. (PWH); 18Dec74;
R593273.
R593274.
My brother’s keeper. By Gainsborough Pictures, Ltd. 8 reels. ©
3Dec47; L2537. Rank Film Distributors, Ltd. (PWH); 18Dec74;
R593274.

R593275.
Uncle Silas. By Two Cities Films, Ltd. © 10Nov47; LP144. Rank
Film Distributors, Ltd. (PWH); 18Dec74; R593275.

R593433.
Paramount news, number 31. By Paramount Pictures, Inc. 1 reel.
© 13Dec47; M2593. Major News Library (PWH); 17Dec74; R593433.

R593681.
Blondie in the dough. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. 7 reels.
© 29Sep47; L1214. King Features Syndicate, a division of the Hearst
Corporation (PWH); 16Dec74; R593681.

R593725.
Forever Amber. 15 reels. © 22Oct47; L1390. Twentieth Century-
Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593725.

R593726.
Nightmare alley. 12 reels. © 18Oct47; L1399. Twentieth Century-
Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593726.

R593727.
The Invisible wall. 8 reels. © 15Oct47; L1401. Twentieth Century-
Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593727.

R593728.
 The Foxes of Harrow. 12 reels. © 1Oct47; L1437. Twentieth
Century-Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593728.

R593729.
Daisy Kenyon. 10 reels. © 27Nov47; L1775. Twentieth Century-Fox
Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593729.
R59373O.
Gentleman’s agreement. 12 reels. © 11Nov47; L1777. Twentieth
Century-Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593730.

R593731.
The 3 R’s go modern. 1 reel. © 7Nov47; M2621. Twentieth
Century-Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593731.

R593732.
Vacation magic. (Movietone sports review) 1 reel. © 26Sep47;
M2622. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74;
R593732.

R593733.
Horizons of tomorrow. 1 reel. © 12Sep47; M2628. Twentieth
Century-Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593733.

R593734.
Album of animals. (Lew Lehr’s dribble-puss parade) 8 min. ©
21Nov47; M2697. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (PWH);
19Dec74; R593734.

R593735.
Draftsmen of dreams. 2 reels. © 12Nov47; M2781. Twentieth
Century-Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593735.
R593736.
Caravans of trade. 2 reels. © 12Nov47; M2782. Twentieth
Century-Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593736.

R593737.
Light and power. 2 reels. © 12Nov47; M2783. Twentieth Century-
Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593737.

R593738.
Lobstertown. 2 reels. © 12Nov47; M2784. Twentieth Century-Fox
Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593738.

R593739.
Conservation road. 2 reels. © 12Nov47; M2801. Twentieth
Century-Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593739.

R593740.
Communications. 2 reels. © 12Nov47; M2802. Twentieth Century-
Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593740.

R593741.
The Big harvest. 2 reels. © 12Nov47; M2803. Twentieth Century-
Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593741.

R593742.
Free horizons. 2 reels. © 12Nov47; M2804. Twentieth Century-
Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593742.

R593743.
Alaska. 2 reels. © 12Nov47; M2808. Twentieth Century-Fox Film
Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593743.
R593744.
Copenhagen pageantry. (Movietone adventures) 1 reel. © 6Dec47;
M2982. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74;
R593744.

R593745.
Aqua capers. (Movietone’s sports review) 1 reel. © 22Nov47;
M2998. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74;
R593745.

R593746.
Home of the Danes. (Ed Thorgersen’s Movietone adventures) 1
reel. © 17Oct47; M3010. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation
(PWH); 19Dec74; R593746.

R593747.
Jungle closeups. (Movietone adventures) 1 reel. © 12Dec47;
M3011. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74;
R593747.

R593748.
City weekend. 1 reel. © 12Nov47; M3153. Twentieth Century-Fox
Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593748.

R593749.
Vacations (two weeks a year) 1 reel. © 12Nov47; M3154. Twentieth
Century-Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593749.

R593750.
Men and machines. 1 reel. © 12Nov47; M3155. Twentieth Century-
Fox Film Corporation (PWH); 19Dec74; R593750.
R593901.
Last days of Boot Hill. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. 6 reels.
© 20Nov47; L1298. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (PWH);
23Dec74; R593901.

R593902.
It had to be you. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. 10 reels. ©
25Nov47; L1299. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (PWH);
23Dec74; R593902.

R593903.
The Crime doctor’s gamble. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. 7
reels. © 19Nov47; L1302. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (PWH);
23Dec74; R593903.

R593904.
Six-gun law. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. 6 reels. ©
26Nov47; L1316. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (PWH);
23Dec74; R593904.

R593905.
Kitty caddy. By Screen Gems, Inc. 1 reel. © 6Nov47; L1317.
Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (PWH); 23Dec74; R593905.

R593906.
On the treasure trail. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. (The Sea
Hound, chap. 10) 2 reels. © 6Nov47; L1349. Columbia Pictures
Industries, Inc. (PWH); 23Dec74; P593906.

R593907.
Sea Hound attacked. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. (The Sea
Hound, chap. 11) 2 reels. © 13Nov47; L1367. Columbia Pictures
Industries, Inc. (PWH); 23Dec74; R593907.

R593908.
Dangerous waters. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. (The Sea
Hound, chap. 12) 2 reels. © 20Nov47; L1368. Columbia Pictures
Industries, Inc. (PWH); 23Dec74; R593908.

R593909.
The Panther’s prey. By Columbia Pictures Corporation. (The Sea
Hound, chap. 13) 2 reels. © 27Nov47; L1386. Columbia Pictures
Industries, Inc. (PWH); 23Dec74; R593909.

R594065.
The Law comes to Gunsight. By Monogram Pictures Corporation.
6 reels. © 22May47; L1044. Allied Artists Pictures Corporation
formerly known as Monogram Pictures Corporation (PWH);
26Dec74; R594065.

R594066.
Sarge goes to college. By Monogram Pictures Corporation. 7 reels.
© 23May47; L1082. Allied Artists Pictures Corporation formerly
known as Monogram Pictures Corporation (PWH); 26Dec74;
R594066.

R594147.
Paramount news, number 32. By Paramount Pictures, Inc. 1 reel.
© 17Dec47; M2594. Major News Library (PWH); 26Dec74; R594147.

R594148.
Paramount news, number 33. By Paramount Pictures, Inc. 1 reel.
© 20Dec47; M2648. Major News Library (PWH); 26Dec74;
R594148.
R594149.
Paramount news, number 34. By Paramount Pictures, Inc. 1 reel.
© 24Dec47; M2649. Major News Library (PWH); 26Dec74;
R594149.

R594212.
Tenth Avenue angel. By Loew’s, Inc. 74 min. © 23Dec47; L1395.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. (PWH); 26Dec74; R594212.

R594213.
If winter comes. By Loew’s, Inc. 97 min. © 23Dec47; L1398.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. (PWH); 26Dec74; R594213.

R594214.
Bowling tricks. By Loew’s, Inc. 10 min. © 23Dec47; M2603.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. (PWH); 26Dec74; R594214.

‫ ٭‬U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1975 O-588-418

These entries alone may not reflect the complete Copyright Office
record pertaining to a particular work. Contact the U.S. Copyright
Office for information about any additional records that may exist.
 Copyright Changed From Changed To
Registration
or Page
Number
MP25712 Clever Hikcichi Clever Hikoichi
MP25719 Southern California Southern
California California
Permanente Permanente
Medical Group Medical Group
MP26079 Stan Brakhage Stan Brakhage
R567077 Terry Toons Terry-Toons
 TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
1. Corrected spelling, accents, grammar, hyphenation, and
punctuation of names according to the following
guidelines.
The names of movies in the main Motion
Pictures list determined usage unless all the
Index entries indicate otherwise. See change
list.
The names of individuals and companies
featured in the Index listing determined usage
unless all of the Motion Pictures entries
indicated otherwise. See change list.
2. Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and
typographical errors of other than names of movies,
persons, and companies as mentioned previously.
3. Otherwise retained anachronistic and non-standard
spellings as printed.