37223, 630 PM Battery Charger Fundamentals [Article | MPS Search ama Stier Charger Fundamentals Battery Charger IC Fundamentals Chris Sorc ‘aw nap POE Tusetihisaricle y Stetina (WEE ‘et valuabie resources straight to yur inbox sent ut onc pr month Subscribe Wevalue your privacy Battery Charging Basics Lision battery charger ICs are devices that regulate battery charging current and valtage, ané are commanly used for portable devices, such as cellphones, laptops, and tablets, Compared to ather battery chemistries, Linon batteries have one ofthe highest energy densities, provide a higher voltage per cel, ean tolerate higher currents, and do not have to be trickle charged when the battery is fully charged, In adsition, Li-ion batteries do not have a memory eect, meaning they do net “remember” a lower charge capacity if they are charges betore being fully depleted. However, Li-ion batteries must be charged with 2 specific constant current and canstant voltage [CC-CV) charge profile that is automatically adjusted depending on the battery's temperature and voltage levels, Charging Profile ‘The charging profile is a fundamental aspect af Lion batteries, as it describes how a batery’s voltage and current vary while the battery is charged, For sirmpliication, charging profiles can be erganized as @ graph showing ime onthe X-axis and battery valtage or battery charge on the Y-axes, which offers insight on how te optimally charge a battery while acknowledging safety features, igure * shows the charging profile forthe MP2750A a highty integrated switching battery charger IC designed for appliations with t-cel to é-cel sates Li-ion or L-palymer batteries, Vosrt res Vaart PRE Veart_te rem he “Trickle” Pre." CC Fast’ Constant" Safety ‘Charge Charge Charge Voltage Charge Timer Figure 1: The MPZISA Charging rile Get Our Latest Engineering Li-ion batteries follow a relatively common charging profile, described in greater detail below. Note that fa chaS MHEIRS AES YRUE ABRAM ne designer ray be able to et thei own thrashalds fr these phase, These configurabl treshold ae highly beneficial, consideriggshapagtatterymanutacrers spect certain thveshols er diferent maximum charg current eves, Conigurabiity ean prove an added layer of ste by protecting the battery from ‘over-voltage and over-temperature conditions, as well as overloads, which could all permanently damage the or dade BBapac oye Hows Mitel Sean) “Tickle charge: Generally, the tiekle charge phase is only used when the battery vatage is Below a very ow level laout 2, inthis stat, the battery pack's internal protection IC may have previousy disconnected the batery due tit being deeply discharged, ori an.over-current event occurgag The eherger IC f have previously 9 deeply discharge nee arene sung a Sources small current Iygialy mA to chrge the capactance of the eatery pack which riggers he artecog Wt eéannect ERTS BY closing its -ntps:itwww.monolthicpower conattery-charger-fundamentalst~text=The purpose of pre-charge, described in greater deta below, wo37223, 6:30 PM Battery Charger Fundamentals [Article | MPS FETs, Although trickle charging usualy lasts fora matter of seconds, the charger IC should integrate a timer that stops charging if he battery pack isnot reconnected within a certain amount of time, as this indicates thatthe battery has been damaged. Pescharge: Once the battery pack has been re-connected ors ina ¢ischarged slate, pre-charging begins. During pre-charge, the charger starts to safely ‘charge the depicted battery with alow curren level that i typically C / 10 fwhere Cs the capacity in mAb]. AS 2 result of pre-charge, the baltery voltage Slowly ises. The purpose of pre-charge isto safely charge the battery at alow current. This prevents damage tothe cell until its voltage reaches a higher level ‘Constant current (CO charge: Constant current [OC] charge i also considered fast charging, which is described in greater detail below CC charging starts ‘attr pre-charge, once the battery has reached about 3V per cell In the CC charge phase, itis safe forthe battery to handle higher charge currents Between (0.50 ané 3C. CC charging continues uni the batery voltage has reached the “ul” ar fleating voltage level, at which point, the constant voltage phase begins ‘Constant voltage [CV] charga: The constant voltage [CV] threshold for Lithium calls is usualy between 4.1V and 4SV ger call. The charger IC monitors the batlery voltage during CC charging, Once the batery reaches the CV threshold, the charge transitions from CC te CV regulation. CV charging is implemented because the external battery pack vatage seen by the charger IC exceeds the actual battery cell voltage in the pack. This s due to the internal call resistance, OB resistance, an the equivalent series resistance (ESRI from the protection FET and cel, To guarantee safe operation the charger IC must not allow battery voltage to exceed its maximum flating voltage. ‘Charge termination: The charger IC determines when to terminate the charge cycle based onthe current going into the baltory éropping below a sot ‘threshold about C/ 10] during the CV phase. At this point, the battery is considered fully charged and charging is completed. If charge terminatin is disabled inthe charger IC, the charge current will naturally decay to Oma, but this is rarely done in practice. This is because the amount of charge going inte the battery exzonentially decreases during CV charging (since the cell valtage is increasing like a large capacitor). and t would take a significantly longer time to recharge the battery with avery litle increase in capacity. ‘The actual charge current at any moment can be lower than tha s set due to lop regulations, such asthe input current limi, the input voltage ini, thermal regulation, or battery temperature, Far more information an battery safety, se the Safety section below. Related Content veo sae saexe oroouet > 3B car Bauer fsledaLihumion ‘Phigalnc tars satary Management Hitenei’saan — Eatryoiaae at faa Heneeet Mammen Gamgaangsacce Sus Fast Charging When it comes to fast charging, itis important to determine hew much current the battery can handle based onthe cell manufacturer's specification, Far ‘example, batteries havea “C-rating,” which specifies the maximum current a which the batery i charged and discharges. The C-ating specification is typically between 0.8 and 3C depending on the exact call employe, with radeotfs between a higher C-rating and lower energy density As an example, 2 ‘3000"mAA battery witha C-rating of 1C means thatthe battery can be charged at 2 maximums of 3A. Usually, the cell manufacturer also specifies afferent voltage and temperature ranges for the C-rating, where the rating reduced at lower voltages and beth higher and lower temperatures. Iva battery has higher C-ratng, it ean handle more current, and can therefore be charged more quekl, Fer example portable devices, such as smarighones and laptops can benefit more from a higher C-raled battery compared to wireless speakers, since they wil kal be recharged at (east once per ‘ay. Usually, devices with shorter run times and constant usage are prime candidates for fast charging. Understanding the battery's Crating can help {0s\gners determine how to optimize their solution by enabling them to select the charger topology and safety features that test sults ther battery. ‘The constant current IC) charge phase — also known as fest charge ~ is typically determines by the Biter’ voltage Vresholds In particular, the MB273t fast-charging IC defines its fast charge phase as the interval during which the battery voltage exceeds the ore gh as FaSINaST aS its CV threshold. During the fst fast charge stag, the battery FET charges the bata wth fast charge current. On BQHVURNEIORRYOUEIABOR, now threshol, the batlry FET is consiare fly on Next one set How to Select A Battery Charger IC 26 6 29 51 oye Hows Mice) Sean When choosing an appropriate battery charger system, itis important te consider the fllowing parameters: battery pack series cell count, input voltage Vw) range, charging current, and system power path management. These parameters dictate what lype of power conversion is required bythe charging cireut, [switching or linear, and wat adsitonal features are requires to power the system rails, such as narrow-valtage DC (NVDC) power path management. The -ntps:twww.monolthicpowes convbattery-chargerfundamentals=t he purpose of pre-charge, described in greater detal below, 2031223, 630 PM Battery Charger Fundamentals [Article | MPS ‘answers to these questions directly drive the charger topology selection. In short, the charger topology ean be determined by the following basic parameters: Fora single-cell battary pack wth 2 SV input and 2 charge current below or equal to SODmA, choasea linear charger. In general, single-cell battery packs: have a maximum voltage between &,2¥ and 4.5V, Note that depending onthe systems design and thermal performance, a linear charger may have an maximums current thats above or Below the expected value lithe charge current exceeds 800mA, itis recommended to use a switching charger. Switching chargers are also recommended for USB apelications, which ‘generally have voltages equal to or exceeding SV. There ae three switching charger topologies to chaose fram based on Vp and the masirmum battery voltage IMogrh It Yq Below tne maximum Van, choose & Boost charger: Yq is reater than oF equal to Vea, choose @ buck charger. fs greater than, less ‘than, oF equal to Vea choose a buck-boost charger. These topologies will be described in greater detail below. Battery Pack Cell Configuration In terms of battery configurations, there are single-cell chargers and multile-coll chargers. These values correspondto the numbor of cells physically place in series inside ofthe battery pack, as wel as the charger’ output vatage Nour range. Single-cell batteries havea lower power output and a smaller size — typically, the maximum discharge current is between 1C and 3C (eg. 1Ah= 'Ato 3A), ‘This means that single-cell chargers are olten used for smaller mobile devices, such as phones, watches, and headphones, On the other hand, multiple stacked cells can deliver significantly more power, and are ollen used for larger systems that demand mare power, suchas notebook computers, speakers, power banks, and drones, Note that the umber of cells connacted in parallel inside the battery pack donot tyicallyaect charger IC selection since their voltage isthe same, Input Voltage (Vix) Range Most consumer electronics are powered from USB ports, which must support Vat minimum. As the USB standard has evolved tothe new USB Type-C connector supporting USB power delivery [PD), the maximum allowed voltage has increased up o 20V Tis value will se upto 48V with USB PD extended power range [EPRI specifications. From the charging system design perspective, the charger IC must be able to support the Vi range and power required to ‘charge the battery while powering the downstream rails the total power needed bythe system is below 15W, then a standard USB Type-C with SV can be used, I the total power exceeds TSW, then a solution with a higher Vi and USB PD must be employed when using a USB connector For USB applications, the charger IC must be backwards compatsle with SY, which can add some cost and complexity tothe charger selection when using @ battery with more than 1 cel in saies, since the topalogy wil have to 9 support wide input range le.g, buek-boesl Ifa nen-USB connector is used lie. 3 barrel jack, the system designer tically has the freedom to select Vy without having to support athe voltage levels. This makes the design simler and more cost-effective, tit may be mare inconvenient for the end user, who will need a specia wal charger thats only compatible withthe particular product. Charge Current: Linear Charger ICs vs Switching Charger ICs Designers should consider the charge current and how t relates to charger topology selection, Ifthe charge current i ess than ar equal to SOOmA, a inear battery charger IC is recommended due to the reduced cost and size. Switching chargers are recommended fer higher currents since they reduce power loss ang incrense efficiency; however, witching chargers requir an inductor and take up addtional Boars space compares t near chargers For example, when charging from a 8 USB input at 1A a linear charger isnot recommended. When using a Linear charger, there is 2W of power Loss when the battery is BV at the start of the fast-charge phase, since 2Vis dropped actoss the charger, Linear chargers are anly recommended for smal batteries with lower charge currents, while switching chargers are able to handle much higher charge currents. System Power Path Management (PPM) Powar path management [PPMl adjusts the battery charge current based on the input source curtent capabilities and th system load cutrent requirement PPM helps the system microcontrller [MCU] or system-on-chip [SoC] receive sufficient power while using any excess cufrent to charge the battery. There are a few power path options, described below. Simple Chargers without a Power Path (Direct Battery Supply) For simple chargers without power path the bateryis direct connected tothe system, andthe charger I only has one output hh she battery. In this scenario, the Battery must be charged to reach the minimum system voltage before the product can power on. This can take era time when the battery ‘eeply discharge, which can result in a suboptimal user exparience in apalictions where the product cane used while charging.Theadvaniages.ot simple charger without a power path ares simply and ower OM cst Get Our Latest Engineering One example oa simple chargers the MP24028, a single-elL-on/L-pelymer battery charge Ic wth shermjgadions ftelVeuir TABBR®”- System BATFET 7 } Battery Faure & NVIC PowerPath Management Structre The NVOC structure regulates the voltage inthe fllewing ways: sar tops below Veys yn the system voltage is regulated to Vay arn: Mearwhie, the battery FET works linearly to charge the battery based on Vea In addition, Vos can Be selva the °C interface. gar exceeds Vays, + Varro (about 60-4, the battery FET fully turns on. The voltage difference between the battery isthe Vas ofthe battery FET, and the charge current lop is implemented ty the converter’s PWM control I charging i suspended or completed, the system voltage is regulated to is maximum value (see Figure SI In adeltin tthe features mentioned above, the MP2738's NVDE structure supports shipping mode, Get Our Latest Engineering Solutions Into Your Inbox Next one sent 26 6 29 51 oye Hows Mice) Sean -ntps:itwww.monolthicpower convattery-charger-fundamentalst~text=The purpose of pre-charge, described in greater deta below, S1037223, 630 PM Battery Charger Fundamentals [Article | MPS Veva un Vevs.sn a) Charging Enabled Vevs Ve ns. Vers an ») Charging Disebied Figure Vrtn wh a Battery Charger IC Topologies ‘The two main types af charger topologies are linear chargers and switching chargers lwhich canbe further categorized inte hoost chargers, buck chargers, ‘and buck-boost chargers) (se Figure 6), These topologies are described in great detail blow. How many batteries are ‘connected in series? Input votege range? Charging power? Linear Chargers Generally, linear chargers are small, simple, and cost-effective. Those chargers reduce noise because theres no switching but higher charge currents lead te higher power dissipation, wich is Uimited by the package size, This makes linear chargers ideal for portable Internet of Tings llT] devices (eg fitness ‘accessories, smartwatches, and Blustosth earbuds} duc to their smal size An example ofa linear charger isthe MP26E2, a highly integrated Lvion/Li-polymer battery charger with power path management or portable applications. Ins ultra-compact WLCSP-9 (1.?5mmat.7Emvml package, the MP2642 can take power from ether an AC adaigantaDaP BR RESY ENGRUEHAG? the device ‘autonomously determines whether it should be powered bythe input, the batter, or both. The MPZ682's power Se URRATRSSTES MOB HSK? C299 currant from the system (ad to provide charge termination and ensure thatthe battery remains in fllcharge mode, An integrated FC interface allows the ‘device tobe configured for varinus safety features, including battery unéer-voltage lockout [UVLO], input current iit, nBRRRAAPOFSotage regulation, ‘charging current, battery regulation voltage, and safety timer. 26 6 29 51 oye Hows Mice) Sean -ntps:itwww.monolthicpower conattery-charger-fundamentalst~text=The purpose of pre-charge described in greater deta below, 60sia, 6:0 PM Batry Charger Fundamentals [Artie [MPS Switching Chargers “Switching chargars are more eficient than linear chargers at medium to high currents, and provide more adaptability across wide inaut vltage (Vi) ranges. However, switching chargers also require an inductar and mare capacitors, which can inerease cost, compleity, and take up more PCB space. tis recommensed to choase switching chargers for applications with larger batterie, or applications that nee higher efficiency for fas-charge capabilities. These chargers are ideal or high-density systems, such as smartphones, tablets, notebooks, power banks, and speakers. There are primarily three dierent ‘types of switching chargers: buck or step-dewn], boost [er step-up, and buck-boost charger, which can regulate the cutpu above or below the input. When easing a itching charger, consider the following 1Wo questions Whats the Vy range (ois it fora SV USB apslication, or @ USB FD application)? Whats the battery pack voltage range fas determined by the numberof series cells in the pack)? ‘Once these questions have been answered by the system designer, the switching charger topalogy canbe easily identities. Typcally, switching chargers are used for applications with charging currents above SODA “The types of sutching chargers (buck, boost and buck-oost) are described below Buck Chargers Buck chargers ae implemented when te minimum np veltae lays exceeds the maximum battery veltage rl such as SV USB wih single-cell battery. Even if the maximum charging power needed exceeds 15W offered by 5V USB Type-C [e.g. most smartphonesl, a buck charger can stil be employed ‘slong asi can handle the higher Vp operating level and power supported by USB PD. ‘The MP2721 isa buck charger that provides a low-impedance power path to optimize charging efficiency, reduce battery charging time, and extend battery life This device supports USB Battery Charging Speciation 1.2(C1.2] and non-standard adapter detection. The MPZ72's FC interface can contigure parameters, such as the output voltage (Var), switching frequency fs], charge current, input current imi, safety timers, and die temperature regulation. Boost Chargers Boost chargers ar implemented when Vis Below the maximum Vgar, Such as 2 5V USB with a 2-cell battery. This typeof chargers only implemented for ‘applications requiring «13M, since buck- boost charger wouls be required for higher power demands, Using @ boost crarger for muli-cel applications with lower power demands can save cost by eliminating the need for addtional components, such as 8 US@ PD controler The MPZ4I28 isa Hexible switch-mode boost charger IC for Li-ion batteries with (wo cells in series, which makes it well-suited far portable apelications, such as paint-of-sale(PoS] systems, gimbals, nd Bluetooth speakers. This charger features a cell balance function that meritors the voltage af each cell land equalizes the voltages il they exceed the mismatch threshole In addition, tne MPZ47ZA has two configuration modes: standalone mede and host-contrel ‘made. In hast-control made, the charging parameters can be configured via the IC, while standalane rode allows certain parameters to be adjusted by connecting resistors tothe CV and ISET pins. Protection features include baller over-oltae protection [OVPI, a safety timer, a watchdog timer, missing battery detection, and thermal regulation, Buck-Boost Chargers ‘Chargers witha buck-boost topology allow Var to be above, below, or equal tothe device's Vi, meaning the battery can continucusly be charged with any power source voltage level until it reaches its target voltage. This makes fast charging possible acrass a very wide range of conditions, though i dees necessitate 2 larger charger IC packege sie, Typiealy, when input power is present, 2 buck-boastchatger ean operate in three operating modes: boost ‘made, buck made, an buck-boast made. In boost mode, iis Below Vga. In buck mede, exceeds Var. In buck-doost mode, Vy is almast equal 10 Vex. Buck-boost chargers can deliver high power across the complete PD voltage range, while also offering backwards compatibility with SY legacy USBS, These ‘chargers are mast commonly employed in multi-cell series USS PD applications, such as notebook computers, smartphenes, and power banks, The MP2240 isan optimized buck-boost charger ina TGFN-30 (dmmamml package. This charger features narrow-voltage DC (NVOC) power path ‘manageryent and USB On-The-Go [OTG] ar USB PD source mode. USB PD source mede allows USB devices (e.g. a power bank] to act as a power source, so thal other USB devices [e.g. 2 smartphone) canbe charged from ‘The MP2740is designed for battery packs with 1 cell 104 cells in series, I provides four switching FETS and integrates two N-channel MOSFET drivers for input votage pass-through and NVOC contra. ls salely features include batery over-iemperature protection [OTP], sysiem and ballery OVP and under= voltage protection (UVPI, missing battery detection, and short-circuit protection SCP USB On-The-Go (OTG) or Source Mode Get Our Latest Engineering Solutions Into Your Inbox USB On-The-Go [OTS] [alsa known 2s USB Type-C source model is nota new feature to USBs, but it was not common beforgthgISR Type-C connector was introduces, USB OTS allows for bidirectional power fom a portable battery powered device, which enables a device (eg, power Bank) Lo charge other ‘connected devices or accessories. Previously, older micro USB specifications required a special cable to take addt@oe ofBTG, vB inchBbed costs and inhibited product interoperability le.g.a cable supporting OTS may nt be compatible with charging ather devicesI¥Once Mt/SBIMYEICSEBNEHd was releases, USB OTG became a much more popular feature since it could be implemented with the sare cable and connecter without adding much c2st, Today, ‘many switching charger ICs with inductive apologies support USB OTG operation. Ths feature canbe found in many commen produets, suchas notebaok. ‘computers, smariphanes, and power banks. -ntps:itwww.monolthicpower conattery-charger-fundamentalst~text=The purpose of pre-charge described in greater deta below, m037223, 6:30 PM Battery Charger Fundamentals [Article | MPS ‘There are three main eequrements fr a product to support USB OTS, ‘The charger IC must support bidirectional operation, with at least SV avaliable The charger IC must have a current limit function to protect attached sink devices f-om drawing toa much current. ‘The product must have a USB CC controller that can change rles from a sink (power consumer ta source [power provider, detect an attached sin, and advertise the source's rated current onthe CC pins. ‘The MP2772, a high-efficiency buck charger, integrated OC controller provides sink-only mode, source-only mode, and ORP mode, These modes can be sat manually wa the FC, or they can be selected ‘automatically. The MPZ222 is fully compliant with USB Type-C 1.3 with DRP functions, as well 25 TrySNK and TrySRC mode support tegrates the required functionality of USB Type-c source made and dual-rale power [ORP] mode. The device's In sink-only modi, the device can sik power from an input source, The device acts as a charger only, and charges the battery when there i an input souree ‘onthe IN gin. In source-only made, the device can source power tothe IN pin using the battery. This made is useful for applicstions that want te powar up external devices Im DRP moo, the DRP port acts a a sink or a source, and automatically toggles between these functions according tothe port type that has been plugged in. Regardless of how the DRP pert functions, the hest can force the device te turn on and af Safety In auton to determining the ideal battery charger topalogy, designers must also conser a device's safety features, and how those features are relevant to the overall solution. Common safety features manitor and provide protections for np barter, and system under- and overvatage cantons Input, system, and battery over-current conitions Battery charging eurrent and voltage profile Ic temperature and battery temperature [ineluding JEITA standards) Charging/discharging time limits ia charging safety timer] ‘The MCU and charger software via watchdog timer) ‘The general method of implementing safety features in a battery chargor IC to have both a regulated operation range leg, current andlor voltage] and limits above and below which charging ar device operations net allowed. For example ifthe expected operating input voltage [vs 5Y, then the charger I may set a 3¥ input under-vllage protection [U¥PI threshold and a 6¥ input ‘over-votage protection (OVPI threshold, I Vy moves outside ofthese thresholds, the IC disables power fro the input. The charger IC may also implementa anfigurale Vp regulation lop at about 45 to prevent excessive power from being drawn fom the input supply In this Seenarie the charger IC simply ‘rams a3 much power as needed fram the input, when Viv drops below its threshald, the power drawn is reduced, When ths regulation Lop is combined with under-vltage lockout UVLO) and overvoltage lockout lOVLO) protection, the eharger IC ean safely maximize input power while the device is plugged in and vali -An example ofa batery charger IC with robust protection features i the MBZ6S1 This buck-boost charger provides cyele-by-eycle MOSFET current limiting, system and battery OVP and UVP, system short-cicult protection (SCPI, thermal regulation, missing battery protectin, and battery temperature monitring Iralso monitors the battery current o ensure thatthe battery isnot deeply depleted. The MPZ6S1 also provides a safety timer to prevent prolonged charging cycle. Fer constant current (CC) and constant vltage ICV) charging, the timer starts ‘when the battery enters the CC charging phase, The timer can be reset under various conditions, such as when the input power is toggled or when the device recovers from thermal shutdown. The timer can also be suspended if the battery enters supplement made or ther isan NTC het er ald fault. In adstion he timer can be extended tobe twice its original length Watchdog Timer ‘The main purpose ofa watchdog timer ina configurable charger IC sto safely handle instances during which the system's micracontraller INCU} freezes or stops responding. the MCU begins acting erratically or stops functioning altogether, it ean potentially cause incorrect values to be written tothe charger IC, hich cou affect battery safety curing charging ‘Wher enabled. the watchéog timer runs for configurable period of time, When the charger IC sees an}°C tragigetur BaWst ERigthewP Ryley timer is ‘considered tobe “pet,” andthe timer resets again. Under narmal aperaton the timer is consistently pat beforegguggBiis HS FBUFIABEE! © ere when there has not been an FC transaction, the watchdog timer triggers a bark." Ifa bark occurs, the charger sends an interrupt the MCU, and then it starts a second-level timer. I there is stil ns PC transaction before the second-level timer expires, then there isa “bite NRMIBS EeArio al ofthe charger IC's registers are reset to their default values, and the charging is disabled for safely. In some charger renege an Gp vongapath. 2 watchdog timer bite can forcibly toggle the battery FET to cut power between the charger IC and MCU, then rest sea soeea The MPZ210s a compact 1-cell battery charger Ic with power path management and an FC interface, This charger features a configurable watchdog mer that works in both charge and discharge mode, though the timer can be disabled in discharge made to reduce quiescent current Ifthe watchdog timer i enabled in host mode (when changes are being made to the configurable parameters), the host must eset the timer regularly by writing to the MP270 I -ntps:itwww.monolthicpower convattery-charger-fundamentalst~text=The purpose of pre-charge described in greater deta below, ano31223, 6:30 PM Battery Charger Fundamentals [Article | MPS this timer expres, most af the device's registers returns to their default modes. I the timer runs out in both charge and discharge mode, the low dropout IL00] FET and the battery FET turnoff for 4s. The watchdog timer can be disabled or set to ds, 80s, or 1205, and itcan be reset via the PC. Battery Temperature Monitoring and JEITA ‘critical safety requirement for 2 charger IC isthe ablityt9 monitor the battery's temperature during charging and control the charging current land/or voltage when the temperature is outside af a specitied range. Inthe simplest implementations, a charger IC previes two comparators with hota cold Uresholds tha relate to a proportional voltage sean across one er mare negative temperature coolicient INTCI resistors insise ofthe batery pack. When the battery pack’s temperature exceeds the hot threshold or drops below the cold threshold, charging is disables In more advanced implementaions, a charger IC mayimplement five or more temperature windows that are based on the Japanese Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association LJEITA] battery standard JEITA reviews and confirms standards for technical reports, andthe groups’ battery standard is widely used across the industry In mary implementations, a charger IC should not only make each temperature thresteld configurable, butt ‘should alse implement configurale responses foreach threshold, such as reductions in charge current or the maximum battery charge vllage, or dsabling charging completely. This configurability is vital because most batterypack mantacturersspecily unique charging current and voltage requirements for each call type and temperature range. ‘The MP24S1 isa T-cell to d-cell buckeboost battery charger that implements 2 flly customizable JEITA profile with four temperature thresholds and ive \windaws. Known a5 the cold, cool, warm, and hat thrashalds, the default pawer-onthreshelds and charging behavior can be configured vi the one-time programmable (OTP) memory and be modified later bythe 1°, These thresholds are monitored va the voltage ratios between the VNTC and NTC pins, where ‘vary voltage corresponds ta a particular temperature of the NTC rasictr inthe battery ack. Adding further insight inte the battarys temperature at any siven time, the MBZ4S1 implements an analag-to-dgital converter [ADC! that monitors the NTC pin and other key parameters, With al ofthis monitoring Tunctionaiy, the MP2481 achieves JEITA compliance while providing addtional batter temperature information and flexibly to slely accommodate sitferent batteries. Conclusion MPS's battery charger solutions cover a wide range of high-performance ICs that can complement any batery powered application from single-cell chargers, 'o ballery chargers with bya serie cells of mare than tae series cll chargers, There are many variables to consider when deciding ona baltery charger IC such asthe charging profile, charger topology e.g, switching or linear enargers), power-path management structure, battery cell configurations, and safety {features le.g. watchdog timer and JEITA temperature monitoring). Onee a designer understands how these parameters affect thee system and the specications oftheir batery, they wil be abe to select the optimal battery charger IC, Did you find this interesting? Get valuable resources straight to your Inbox - sent out once per month! Technical Forum Questions answered by MPS engineers in 24h MP2759 with 6S battery Hit nave £V2759, First it charged the battery and behaved acco rnd. ing to the datasheet. Then I connected/disconnected VIN, VSS, and VBAT almost © latest actvty hours ago 1 Comment MP2759A Hot Charge Temperature Hello, Lam using the MP2 hermistor witha 10k pull up, as spe. SPA battery charger. For sensing battery temperature, lam using the semitech TORAT:2 Get Our Latest Engineering © Latest setity 2 hours get Comment Solutions Into Your Inbox ‘Acquiring Battery Voltage and Current Measurements During Charge and Discharge Next one sen se and discharge a battery, THe system shouldbe ae deiner 9 5 outpsBGs cB driDB.ringS era. co ana emt Hi Im designing a system to Latest actity26ays ago 1 Comment -ntps:itwww.monolthicpower conattery-charger-fundamentalst~text=The purpose of pre-charge described in greater deta below, eno223, 630 PM Battery Charger Fundamentals [Article | MPS Got technical synpact Get Our Latest Engineering Solutions Into Your Inbox Next one sent 26 6 29 51 oye Hers Mice) Sean) hitos Aww. monolthicpower.convbattery-charget-lundamentalsi~text=The purpose of pre-charge. deseribed in greater detall below. s010