Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

More about Basic Properties of

12
Circles Consolidation Exercise Solution

Consolidation Exercise 12F

1. ACO = 90  in semi-circle
i.e. OC ⊥ AC
∴ AC is the tangent to C1 at C. converse of tangent ⊥ radius
ADO = 90  in semi-circle
i.e. OD ⊥ AD
∴ AD is the tangent to C1 at D. converse of tangent ⊥ radius

2.

O
B

C
Join OA.
OAC = 90 tangent ⊥ radius
ACB = 90 given
OAC + ACB = 90 + 90
= 180
∴ OA // BC int. s supp.
∵ OA = OB radii
∴ OAB = OBA base s, isos. △
OAB = ABC alt. s, OA // BC
∴ OBA = ABC
i.e. AB is the angle bisector of OBC.

3. AOT = COT tangent properties

AOC = 2ABC  at centre twice  at circumference
AOT + COT = 2ABC
2AOT = 2ABC
AOT = ABC
∴ OT // BC corr. s equal

© Oxford University Press 2023 1 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

4. (a) OPC = 90 tangent ⊥ radius

ACQ = 90 and BDP = 90 given
∴ AC // OP // BD corr. s equal

(b) AO = OB radii
∵ AO = OB and AC // OP // BD
∴ CP = DP intercept theorem

5. Let OBA = x.
∵ OA = OB radii
∴ OAB = OBA base s, isos. △
=x
OAD = 90 tangent ⊥ radius
CAD = OAD − OAB
= 90 − x
In △OBC,
BOC + OBC + OCB = 180  sum of △
90 + x + OCB = 180
OCB = 90 − x
ACD = OCB vert. opp. s
= 90 − x
∴ CAD = ACD
∴ AD = CD sides opp. eq. s

6. ∵ PQ = PR given
∴ PQR = PRQ base s, isos. △
In △PQR,
PQR + PRQ + QPR = 180  sum of △
PQR + PQR + 36 = 180
2PQR = 144
PQR = 72
∵ PQS = SQR given
∴ PQS + SQR = PQR
PQS + PQS = 72
PQS = 36
SRP = QPR alt. s, SR // PQ
= 36
∴ PQS = SRP
∴ P, Q, R and S are concyclic. converse of s in the same segment

© Oxford University Press 2023 2 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

7. F

E
C
A B
O

Join BD.
Let ABD = x.
ACD = ABD s in the same segment
=x
ADB = 90  in semi-circle
ABE = 90 tangent ⊥ radius
ABD + DBE = 90
x + DBE = 90
DBE = 90 − x
In △BDF,
DBF + BFD = ADB ext.  of △
(90 − x) + BFD = 90
BFD = x
∴ ACD = BFD
∴ CDFE is a cyclic quadrilateral. ext.  = int. opp. 

© Oxford University Press 2023 3 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

8. C

A B
T

Join AB.
BCT = BAC  in alt. segment
BDT = BAD  in alt. segment
In △CDT,
BCT + BDT + CTD = 180  sum of △
BAC + BAD + CTD = 180
CAD + CTD = 180
∴ A, C, T and D are concyclic. opp. s supp.

9. Let ABE = x and BAE = y.

∵ BE bisects ABD. given
∴ DBE = ABE
=x
CBD = BAE  in alt. segment
=y
CBE = DBE + CBD
=x+y
In △ABE,
CEB = ABE + BAE ext.  of △
=x+y
∴ CBE = CEB
∴ CB = CE sides opp. eq. s

© Oxford University Press 2023 4 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

10.
D
C B

E A
Join AD.
Let ACD = x.
∵ AB = AC given
∴ ABD = ACD base s, isos. △
=x
BAD = ACD  in alt. segment
=x
∵ E is the mid-point of the arc AC.
 
∴ AE = EC
∴ ADE = EDC equal arcs, equal angles
In △ABD,
ADC = BAD + ABD ext.  of △
=x+x
= 2x
ADE + EDC = ADC
ADE + ADE = 2x
ADE = x
∴ ADE = BAD
∴ AB // ED alt. s equal
AED = ACD s in the same segment
=x
∴ AED = EDC
∴ BC // AE alt. s equal
i.e. BD // AE
∵ AB // ED and BD // AE
∴ ABDE is a parallelogram.

© Oxford University Press 2023 5 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

11. (a) CEP = 90 given

BDP = 90 given
∴ BDP = CEP
∴ B, D, P and E are concyclic. ext.  = int. opp. 
(b) In △BDF,
ABF + BDE = BFE ext.  of △
ABF + BDE = 90
ABF = 90 – BDE
In △BEP,
PBE + BPE = CEP ext.  of △
PBE + BPE = 90
PBE = 90 – BPE
∵ BDE = BPE s in the same segment
∴ ABF = PBE

12. (a) In △ABC and △CED,

ACB = 90  in semi-circle
CDE = 90 tangent ⊥ radius
∴ ACB = CDE
ABC = CED ext. , cyclic quad.
In △ABC,
BAC + ABC + ACB = 180  sum of △
BAC + ABC + 90 = 180
BAC = 90 − ABC
In △CDE,
ECD + CED + CDE = 180  sum of △
ECD + CED + 90 = 180
ECD = 90 − CED
∵ ABC = CED
∴ BAC = ECD
∴ △ABC ~ △CED AAA
(b) ∵ △ABC ~ △CED proved in (a)
AB CA
∴ = corr. sides, ~△s
CE DC
2 R CA
=
CE r
∴ CA  CE = 2Rr

© Oxford University Press 2023 6 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

13. D C
E
H K
A
M
N B

Join DH and CK. Produce DH and CK to meet

AB at M and N respectively.
∵ H is the orthocentre of △ABD.
∴ AMD = 90
∵ K is the orthocentre of △ABC.
∴ ANC = 90
∴ DM // CN corr. s equal
i.e. DH // CK
∵ CEK = BNK
∴ B, C, E and N are concyclic. converse of s in the same segment
NBK = ECK s in the same segment
NBK = ECD s in the same segment
DHC = ECK alt. s, DH // CK
∴ DHC = ECD
∴ DH = CD sides opp. eq. s
∵ AMH = DEH
∴ A, D, E and M are concyclic. converse of s in the same segment
MAH = EDH s in the same segment
MAH = EDC s in the same segment
EDH = CKE alt. s, DH // CK
∴ EDC = CKE
∴ CD = CK sides opp. eq. s
∵ DH = CD and CK = CD
∴ DH = CD = CK
∵ DH = CK and DH // CK
∴ CDHK is a parallelogram. 2 sides equal and //
∴ DC = HK opp. sides of //gram
∵ DH = CD = CK and DC = HK
∴ DH = CD = CK = HK
∴ CDHK is a rhombus.

© Oxford University Press 2023 7 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

14. TAQ = DAQ tangent properties

TAP = BAP tangent properties
Let TAQ = DAQ = a and TAP = BAP = b.
ADB = 45 property of square
In △ADR,
DRQ = DAR + ADR ext.  of △
= a + 45
BRQ + DRQ = 180 adj. s on st. line
BRQ + (a + 45) = 180
BRQ = 135 − a
BAD = 90 property of square
TAQ + DAQ + TAP + BAP = 90
a + a + b + b = 90
2(a + b) = 90
a + b = 45
ATP = 90 tangent ⊥ radius
In △APT,
APT + TAP + ATP = 180  sum of △
APT + b + 90 = 180
APT = 90 − b
QRS + SPQ
= (135 − a) + (90 − b)
= 225 − (a + b)
= 225 − 45
= 180
∴ P, Q, R and S are concyclic. opp. s supp.

© Oxford University Press 2023 8 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

15. BEC = BDC given

∴ B, C, D and E are concyclic. converse of s in the same segment
Let CBE = x.
ADE = CBE ext. , cyclic quad.
=x
A

E F
D
O
C
B

Join OC. Let F be the point of intersection of

OA and ED.
AOC = 2ABC  at centre twice  at circumference
= 2x
∵ OA = OC radii
∴ OAC = OCA base s, isos. △
In △OAC,
OAC + OCA + AOC = 180  sum of △
2OAC + 2x = 180
2OAC = 180 − 2x
OAC = 90 − x
In △ADF,
OAC + ADE + AFD = 180  sum of △
(90 − x) + x + AFD = 180
AFD = 90
∴ OA ⊥ ED

© Oxford University Press 2023 9 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

16. (a) In △ACM and △DBM,

CAB = DBA = 90 tangent ⊥ radius
CAB + DBA = 90 + 90
= 180
∴ AC // BD int. s supp.
AMC = DMB vert. opp. s
CAM = BDM alt. s, AC // BD
ACM = DBM alt. s, AC // BD
∴ △ACM ~ △DBM AAA
In △ADC and △MDE,
∵ △ACM ~ △DBM
AC AM
∴ = corr. sides, ~△s
DB DM
CE AM
= tangent properties
DE DM
CE AM
+1= +1
DE DM
CE + DE AM + DM
=
DE DM
CD AD
=
ED MD
ADC = MDE common angle
∴ △ADC ~ △MDE ratio of 2 sides, inc. 
CAD = EMD corr. s, ~△s
∴ EM // CA corr. s equal
i.e. EF // CA

(b) ∵ △ACM ~ △DBM proved in (a)

AC AM CM
∴ Let = = = r.
DB DM BM
∵ △ADC ~ △MDE proved in (a)
CA AD
∴ = corr. sides, ~△s
EM MD
AM + MD
=
MD
AM
= +1
MD
=r+1
In △ABC and △FBM,
BCA = BMF corr. s, EF // CA
BAC = BFM corr. s, EF // CA
ABC = FBM common angle
∴ △ABC ~ △FBM AAA

© Oxford University Press 2023 10 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

AC BC
∴ = corr. sides, ~△s
FM BM
BM + MC
=
BM
MC
= +1
BM
=r+1
CA AC
∴ =
EM FM
∴ EM = MF

17. A
C
D
F

E B C2

C1
Join BD.
CAD = ABD  in alt. segment
ABD = BED  in alt. segment
∴ CAD = BED
∴ AC // BE alt. s equal
DBF = BAD  in alt. segment
DBF = CEF s in the same segment
∴ BAD = CEF
∴ AB // CE alt. s equal
∵ AC // BE and AB // CE
∴ ABEC is a parallelogram.
∴ AE and BC bisect each other. diagonals of //gram
i.e. BF = CF

© Oxford University Press 2023 11 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

18. (a) A
G
F
E
O D

C
B
Join OA and OB.
OAD = 90 tangent ⊥ radius
OBD = 90 tangent ⊥ radius
OAD + OBD
= 90 + 90
= 180
∴ O, A, D and B are concyclic. opp. s supp.

(b) AFD = ACB corr. s, CB // GD

ABD = ACB  in alt. segment
∴ AFD = ABD
∴ A, F, B and D are concyclic. converse of s in the same segment
(c) Let X be the circle passing through O, A, D and B,
and Y be the circle passing through A, F, B and D.
Note that both X and Y pass through the three
non-collinear points A, B and D.
∵ There is only one circle that can pass through three
non-collinear points.
∴ X and Y represent the same circle, where the circle
passes through O, B, D, A and F.
i.e. O, B, D and F are concyclic.
OBD + OFD = 180 opp. s, cyclic quad.
90 + OFD = 180
OFD = 90
∴ OF ⊥ DG

© Oxford University Press 2023 12 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

19. (a) In △ADE and △COE,

DAE = OCE = 90 tangent ⊥ radius
AED = CEO tangent properties
ADE = 180 − DAE − AED  sum of △
= 180 − OCE − CEO
= COE  sum of △
∴ △ADE ~ △COE AAA
(b) Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
AD = BD (tangent properties)
= 6 cm
BE = CE (tangent properties)
= 4 cm
OE = OC 2 + CE 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= r 2 + 42 cm
= r 2 + 16 cm
∵ △ADE ~ △COE (proved in (a))
DA DE
∴ = (corr. sides, ~△s)
OC OE
6 6+4
=
r r 2 + 16
5r = 3 r 2 + 16
25r2 = 9(r2 + 16)
25r2 = 9r2 + 144
16r2 = 144
r2 = 9
r=3
Area of the circle
= 32 cm2
= 28.27 cm2, cor. to 2 d.p.
> 28 cm2
∴ The claim is agreed.

© Oxford University Press 2023 13 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

20. (a) In △ABD and △CAD,

ADB = CDA common angle
AD 9
=
CD 3
=3
BD BC + CD
=
AD AD
24 + 3
=
9
=3
AD BD
=
CD AD
∴ △ABD ~ △CAD ratio of 2 sides, inc. 
∴ ABD = CAD corr. s, ~△s
∴ AD is the tangent to the circle at A. converse of  in alt. segment
(b) B

C
A D

Let O be the centre of the circle. Join AO.

Radius of the circle
BC
=
2
24
= cm
2
= 12 cm
DAO = 90 (tangent ⊥ radius)
In △ADO,
AD
tan AOD =
AO
9
=
12
AOD = 36.87, cor. to 2 d.p.
AOD
ABC = ( at centre twice  at circumference)
2
36.87
=
2
= 18.43, cor. to 2 d.p.
< 20
∴ The claim is disagreed.

© Oxford University Press 2023 14 4B12 Consolidation Exercise 12F Solution