Santarin, Aniel John A.

BESC106
CPE23 November 17, 2011

1. What is Sociology?
- $4.44 is the study of society. t is a social sciencewhich uses various
methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of
knowledge about human social activity. ts traditional focuses have
included social stratification, social class, social
mobility, religion, secularization, law, and deviance.

2. What are the sociological perspectives?
a. Symbolic nteractionism-Use of symbols; Face-to-face interactions.
b. Functionalism-Relationship between the parts of society; how aspects of
society are functional.
c. Conflict Theory-Competition for scarce resources; how the elite control the
poor and weak.

3. History of sociology as a science and its forerunners.
- Sociology emerged from enlightenment thought, shortly after the French
Revolution, as a positivist science of society. ts genesis owed to various key
movements in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of knowledge.
Social analysis in a broader sense, however, has origins in the common stock
of philosophy and necessarily pre-dates the field. Modern academic sociology
arose as a reaction to modernity, capitalism, urbanization, rationalization,
and secularization, bearing a particularly strong interest in the emergence of
the modern nation state; its constituent institutions, its units of socialization,
and its means of surveillance. An emphasis on the concept of modernity,
rather than the Enlightenment, often distinguishes sociological discourse from
that of classical political philosophy. Within a relatively brief period of time the
discipline greatly expanded and diverged, both topically and methodologically,
particularly as a result of myriad reactions against empiricism. Historical
debates are broadly marked by theoretical disputes over the primacy of
either structure or agency. Contemporary social theory has tended toward the
attempt to reconcile these dilemmas. The linguistic and cultural turns of the
mid-twentieth century led to increasingly interpretative, and
philosophic approaches to the analysis of society. Conversely, recent
decades have seen the rise of new analytically and computationally rigorous
techniques. Quantitative social research techniques have become common
tools for governments, businesses and organizations, and have also found
use in the other social sciences. This has given social research a degree of
autonomy from the discipline of sociology. Similarly, social science has
come to be appropriated as an umbrella term to refer to various disciplines
which study society or human culture.

4. How sociology started in the Philippines?
F r. Valentin Marin O! introduced sociology as a subject in the academe of the University of Santo
Tomas in 1896.t was initiated in the University of the Philippines in1911 by Prof. Murray Bartlet. The
Siliman University was one of the first to include sociology in their curriculum.
Sociology started as a social philosophy perspective that continued up to the
1950`s.Serafin Macaraig-the first Filipino to receive a PhD n sociology in 1920 from the
University of Wisconsin. He introduced the social problem orientation. Modern Sociology
started in the Philippines after the World War . Many Filipinos Went to Europe and America to study
sociology and went back to the Philippines as Fulbright professors, stirring the social interest
of the people. There was strengthening of course offerings in universities like: University of the
Philippines, Ateneo de Manila and Xavier University. Other universities took sociology as a part of their
curriculum. n 1952 Philippine Sociological Society was organized. t published the journal !hilippine
Sociological Review.
5. How is sociology similar and different from other social and behavioral sciences?
- The similarities of sociology is that They deal with human behavior on a
person to person, individual basis compared to the more academically based
sociologists who are more theory-oriented and study human behavior as a
whole. The difference between sociology and other social sciences is that
sociology is the study of human society and social interaction as a whole. t
takes the broad approach to helping us understand the different societies in
which we live. Other social sciences dig deeper into specific areas of our
social surroundings.