POLITY

Preamble

Q. Explain how Preamble of the Indian Constitution provides a blueprint about the goals
of the Constitution. [69th BPSC]

Q. “The Indian Constitution postulates in its Preamble that India shall be a socialist,
secular, democratic republic.” What are the constitutional provisions to enforce this
declaration? [BPSC/ 2019]

Q. Evaluate the nature and significance of the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. [2002]

Q. Examine the relevance and significance of the philosophy enshrined in the preamble of
the Constitution of India. [1999]

DPSP

Q. The positive directions in the constitution of India are as a charter of social and
economic democracy in the country. Explain with example. [68th BPSC ]

Q. Are fundamental rights and DPSP complementary and supplementary to each other?
Give reasons in support of your answer. [AAO 2022]

Q. “The Directive Principles of State Policy are not a mere pious declaration but clear
directions for the guidance of State Policy.” Comment and show how far they have been
applied in practice. [2018]

Q. Discuss the Directive Principles of State Policy enshrined in the Indian Constitution
and state their importance. [1995]

Q. Discuss various ‘Directive principles’. How were these implemented in Bihar after
1950? [2012]

Fundamental Rights and Duties

Q. Do you agree with the view that our Constitution has given Fundamental Rights by one
hand and taken them back by another hand? [65th BPSC/2020]

Q. Discuss the Fundamental Rights as enshrined in the Indian Constitution. How have the
judicial interpretations of Article 21 expanded the scope of the Right to Life? [2016]
Q. Make a critical evolution of the right to property as it exists today. [2001]

Q. Describe the fundamental duties as enumerated in the Constitution of India. [1993]

 Judiciary

Q. Explain the judicial review jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India. [68th BPSC]

Q. Do you agree with the view that “The desire for post-retirement jobs by judges
influences pre-retirement judgments”? [CDPO 2022]

Q. An independent judiciary, having the power of ‘judicial review’, is a salient feature of

the Constitution of India. Do you think ‘judicial activism’ has further added to the powers
of the Supreme Court? Explain with examples. [67th BPSC]

Q. What is judicial review? Critically examine the doctrine of basic structure as enunciated
by the Supreme Court of India. [2016]

Q. “Judicial activism is a recent phenomenon in Indian governance.” Comment and bring

out the main arguments in favour and against judicial activism. [2019]

Q. Comment on ‘Judicial Activism – Meaning and Evaluation’. [2002]

Q. Comment upon “Judicial Action is a double-edged weapon in a parliamentary

democracy”. [1999]

Parliament

Q. Critically describe about the amendment process of the Indian Constitution. [69th
BPSC]

Q. Discuss the composition and powers of the Rajya Sabha and identify its role as the
Second Chamber of Parliament? [68th BPSC]

Q. “The Indian Parliament is not a sovereign legislature. It has vast but not unlimited
powers.” Comment on this statement and highlight why the Indian Parliament cannot be
equated with its British counterpart. [67th BPSC]

Q. Indian Parliament is a non‐sovereign law-making institute.” Evaluate this statement.

[65th BPSC‐2020]

Q. What is the meaning of “Parliamentary Sovereignty”?

Q. Do you consider the Indian Parliament a “Sovereign” a non-sovereign or both? Give

your views. [1995]
Q. The Parliament of India is an effective forum for national integration. Discuss.
[66th‐BPSC]

President

Q. Discuss the institutional relationship between the President and the Prime Minister as
per the Indian Constitutional text. Discuss their changing role in the present context. [69th
BPSC]

Q. The role of the President of India is like an old man in the family who has all the
authority, however, he cannot do anything effectively if the naughty‐young members of
the family do not listen to him.” Evaluate. [66th BPSC/2021]

Q. Examine the system of election of the Indian President [1997]

Governor

Q. “A Governor should discharge his/her duty in accordance with the spirit of the
constitution and not just act as an agent of the Centre.” Discuss the role of the governor in
light of this statement. [CDPO 2022]

Q. Critically examine the role of Governor in the State politics in India, particularly in
Bihar. Is he a mere puppet? [BPSC‐2019]

Q. Discuss the powers and actual position of the Governor in Bihar politics. [BPSC‐
2018
Q. Discuss the power and functions of the Governor and his role in Bihar. [BPSC‐2012]

Q. Discuss the powers of the Governor and explain his role with reference to the recent
developments in Bihar. [BPSC‐1997]

Q. Examine the status and powers of the Governor of an Indian State. [BPSC‐1993]

Chief Minister

Q. How the Chief Minister of State is appointed? Critically examine the powers, functions,
and achievements of the present Bihar Chief Minister. [2002]

Election and Election Commission

Q. Election Commission of India has played an important role in conducting the elections.
Critically examine its role in making the elections free and fair over the decades.
Compliment your answer with reference to the conduct of elections in pre-Sheshan and
post Sheshan era in Bihar. How does it contribute to the strengthening of democracy?
[68th BPSC]

Q. Why a state funding of elections is not a good idea? Discuss [CDPO 2022]

Q. Critically examine the role of the Election Commission of India in the conduct of free
and fair elections. What purpose does the Electoral Identity Card serve in this regard?
[2019]

Q. Examine the power and working of the Election Commission of India and its role in free
and fair elections. [2012]

Q. Discuss the role of bureaucracy in conducting free and fair elections under the
guidance of the Election Commission of India. [2005]

Q. Comment on the ‘Election Commission of India’. [2002]

Q. Elections are like the heartbeats of a democracy. If they happen too fast or too
irregularly, democracy collapses. “Explain your views on mid‐term polls in the context of
India Politics. [2007]

Q. What do you understand by an election campaign? Throw light on the important

methods of the election campaigns in Bihar. [2005]

Political Parties and Politics

Regional Parties
Q. Regional political parties play its role in India. Explain. [68th BPSC]

Q. Account for the emergence of regional political parties in India. Do you think the
existence of regional political parties is good for satisfying regional aspirations and
national unity? Give reasons in support of your answer. [67th BPSC]

Q. What are the implications of growing regional political parties on Indian party politics in
recent times? [2019]

Q. “Too many political parties are the bane of Indian politics.” Explain this fact in the
context of Bihar. [2019]

Q. “The system of Indian Political Parties is not nationalistic but it is individualistic.”

Explain this fact in the context of Bihar State. [65th BPSC‐2020]
 Factors Affecting Elections

Q. Bihar has witnessed improvement in its political culture in the last decades. Give
examples. [68th BPSC]

Q. Do you agree that Indian Politics today primarily revolves around development politics
rather than ascriptive politics? Discuss with reference to Bihar. [2019]

Q. By and large, Indian political parties have become more pragmatic than ideological,
which makes party boundaries highly flexible and permeable. Comment. [AAO 2022]

Q. Identify the major pressure groups in Indian politics and examine their role in it. [2018]

Role of Caste

Q. Describe how caste census is going to influence the politics of Bihar. [69th BPSC]

Q. Caste plays a role in Indian politics. There is a change in its functioning over the
decades. How do you look at its changing role over the last many decades? Does the
logic of development subside the character of caste? Give your reasons [68th BPSC]

Q. Examine the role of Caste in the electoral politics of India. To what extent did the caste
factor play a role in the 2015 Bihar election? [2016]

Q. Caste politics has acquired a dominating and enduring mode of politics in India.
Explain this phenomenon with special reference to contemporary political developments
in Bihar. [AAO 2022]

Q. Discuss the role of caste in Indian Politics. [1997]

Q. ‘Caste and Class play important role in Indian politics.’ Explain the statement with
special reference to Bihar. [2009]

Q. Write a brief and critical essay on “Caste as a factor in Bihar Politics since 1977” and
highlight the special reasons for the present state of affairs. [1999]

Politics and Criminal

Q. Write an essay on the politician-criminal nexus with special reference to Bihar. [2007]

Reservation and Politics

Q. Is reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) justified? Comment.[69th
BPSC]

Q. Issue of Reservation is nothing but the consolidation of Vote-banks of political parties.

What do you suggest other than the reservation for providing social justice to the
depressed class? [2007]

Role of Language

Q. Discuss the role of language in Indian Politics. Enumerate the provisions for linguistic
minorities in Bihar. [2005]

Coalition Politics

Q. Discuss and analyze the fundamental principles of coalition politics in Bihar from the
point Of view Of the fulfilment Of the national interests specifically. [69th BPSC]

Q. What are the main reasons for the emergence of coalition politics in India? Discuss the
prospects of these coalitions. [2002]

Q. Due to coalition politics and economic liberalization, federalism has become a key
feature of the Indian political system. Comment. [AAO 2022]
Q. “Coalition politics in India has become a remarkable feature, but it is yet to provide a
stable Government”. Comment. [2009] Comment on ‘Regionalism in Indian Politics’.
[2002]

Q. “The coalition experiment at the Centre has neither strengthened democracy nor has it
made conditions conducive for participatory and cooperative federation”. Do you agree?
[1999]

Constitution and Constitutionalism

Q. Critically examine the basic structure theory regarding the Indian Constitution. [69th
BPSC]

Q. Analyse critically the dynamic secularism in India. [68th BPSC]

Q. “Re-promulgation of ordinances is a fraud on the constitution and a subversion of

democratic legislative processes.” Evaluate this observation of the Supreme Court
regarding the promulgation of ordinances. [CDPO 2022]

Q. What is the difference between the Constitution and Constitutionalism? Critically

discuss the doctrine of ‘basic structure’ as enunciated by the Supreme Court of India.
[BPSC/2019]

Q. Examine the concept of ‘Hindutva’. Is it against secularism? [2018]

Q. Analyze the emerging trends in Indian democracy.[2001]

Q. Comment on ‘India is a liberal democratic state’. [2001]

Centre State relations

Q. "Indian federalism is fundamentally rooted in two simultaneous pursuits of nationhood :

an embrace of state-based cultural diversities and a commitment to the larger Indian
political community." Examine critically the nature of Indian model of federalism in the light
of the above statement. [69th BPSC]

Q. Paramountcy of National Interest is enshrined in the Zonal Councils in the country.”

Examine critically, the nature and working of the Zonal Councils in India, in the light of the
above statement. [68th BPSC]

Q. Discuss the problem of Centre-State relations in India and its prospects in the future,
with special reference to Bihar. Examine how the problem can be constructively handled
in tune with cooperative federalism. [67th BPSC]
Q. Analyze tension areas between the Centre and States in the Indian federal system.

Q. Describe the current state of relations between the Union government and Bihar State.
[2016]

Q. Explain the recent trends in Indian federalism. Do the states need more autonomy?
[2009]

Q. Indian federal structure is constitutionally oriented towards the Central Government.

Explain. [66th BPSC/2021]

Q. Centrally Sponsored Schemes have always been a point of contention between the
Centre and States. Discuss by citing relevant examples. [2019]

Q. What is the difference between central sector schemes and centrally sponsored
schemes?

Q. Analyze the emerging trends in Indian Federalism. [1997]

Q. Discuss the Indian Federal System and centre-state Administrative Relations with
special reference to National Counter‐Terrorism Centre [NCTC ]. [2012]

Q. Comment upon “Article 356 of the Constitution should be read with article 355 to
appreciate its spirit.” [1999]

Q. Why is the Constitution of India called quasi-federal? [1993]

 Local Government

Q. Elucidate and evaluate the local government and its working from the point of view of
the empowerment of the Panchayat Raj and the City Institutions with the examples from
the grassroot level in Bihar. [69th BPSC]

Q. Analyze the functioning of the rural local governments in India since 1991 with special
reference to Bihar. [2009]

Q. Describe the basic provisions of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act. [2005]

Q. What is the amendment procedure in India? What are the main contents of the 73rd
Amendment? How many amendments have been done in the Indian Constitution? [2002]

Q. Describe the objectives and features of the Panchayat Raj in India. [1993]

Miscellaneous

Q. Logically analyze the effectiveness of the executive policy of the present NITI Aayog
as compared to that of the earlier Planning Commission. [CDPO 2022]

Q. Suggest methods other than the reservation for providing social justice to the
depressed class. [2007]

Q. What is the role of caste in class formation in India? [2001]

Q. What do you understand about E‐governance? Discuss the position of E‐governance

implementation in Bihar. [65th BPSC‐2020]

Q. How is human development measured? What are the seven commitments of the Bihar
Government for achieving the human development agenda? Explain the schemes of the
Government for achieving these goals. [66th BPSC‐2021]
 ECONOMY

Bihar Economy

Development

Q. Write a note on the role of technology in sustainable development. [69th BPSC]

Q. Write a note on Technology-driven modernization of Bihar. [68th BPSC]

Q. Discuss the level of urbanization in Bihar. Explain at least two reasons for the low level
of urbanization in the State. What are the recent initiatives taken by Bihar Government to
push urbanization in the State? [68th BPSC]

Q. What are the main constraints in the rapid economic development of Bihar? How can
these constraints be removed? [65th BPSC/2020]

Q. What do you mean by regional development? How far has regional planning been
successful in the economic development of Bihar? Discuss. [56‐59 BPSC/2016]

Q. With all the possibilities of development, Bihar is considered one of the backward
states of India. Discuss fully. [43 BPSC/2001]

Resources and Industries

Q. What are the sources of energy in India? Are they sufficient to meet domestic needs?
What are the possible altemative sources of energy for India? Present a critical review.
[69th BPSC]

Q. On the basis of raw materials, divide Bihar into forest-based industries, agro-based
industries and mineral-based industries. Substantiate your answer with neat sketches
depicting the location of those industries. [68th BPSC]

Q. Write short notes on the following:

Bihar, as the Rice Bowl of India
 Madhubani Handicraft Cottage Industry of Bihar
Impact on the economy of Bihar for returning of Bihar’s migrant labourers from
other states as a result of Covid-19.

Q. Write the name of major natural resources existing in Bihar State. Out of these, select
any two and show the pockets where they are found and narrate their importance in
Bihar’s economic development. [67th BPSC]

Q. Examine the resource potentials, planning, and development of industries in Bihar. [42
BPSC/1999]

Q. Present the picture of industrial development in Bihar and compare it with the industrial
development of India. Indicate the causes of industrial backwardness in this State and
illustrate the recent remedial steps taken by the Government of Bihar to improve the
situation. [67th BPSC]

Schemes and Policies

Q. ‘It is said that ‘JEEVIKA (BRLPS) is a tool of women empowerment’. Give an

introduction to this project and describe its objectives. Evaluate the role of ‘JEEVIKA
SCHEME’ in the context of women empowerment in Bihar. [67th BPSC]

Q. As per ‘NITI Aayog Health Index, 2021’, Bihar ranks 18th out of the 19th larger States
of India. List the factors responsible for this pity situation in this State. What steps have
been taken to improve the health situation in Bihar? Are they sufficient? Support your
answer with facts and figures. [67th BPSC]

Natural Disasters

Q. There is no proper plan for Bihar State to get the expected relief over natural disasters.
In this regard, present a plan with justifications. [CDPO 2022]

Q. Bihar is a flood-prone State. How can modern technology help to control floods and
manage this kind of disaster? Give your explanations with suitable examples. [67th
BPSC]

Q. Bihar continues to experience natural disasters like floods and drought on a regular
basis. What role can science and technology play in disaster forecasting and
management? Explain your answer with practical examples. [65th BPSC‐2020]

Q. “Natural disasters are the main causes of poverty in Bihar”. Do you agree with this
statement? Comment your views. [47 BPSC/2007]

Agriculture India and Bihar

Q. Evaluate the production and productivity trends in Indian agriculture since 1991. What
practical measures should be adopted to enhance agricultural production and productivity
in Bihar? [65th BPSC/2020]

Q. Why is per hectare production of agriculture stagnant in Bihar? Explain their basic
causes and also suggest important measures to remove them. [6 BPSC/2005]

Q. Explain the growth and productivity trends of agriculture in India. Also, suggest
measures to improve productivity and increase farm income in the country. [60‐62
BPSC/2018]

Q. What important trends have emerged in Indian Agriculture as a result of liberalization!?

[44 BPSC/2002]
Q. In the context of productivity and income of farmers in Bihar as well as in India, assess
the role of Science and Technology. [CDPO 2022]

Q. Quality of life and health of any nation is directly linked to food and dietetic security.
India has made appreciable achievements in terms of production, productivity, availability
of food grains, horticultural produce, etc. In view of the above perspective, discuss the
role of technology in the agricultural development of Bihar. [67th BPSC]

Q. Presently highlight the major problems of Indian agriculture and suggest ways to
remove them and discuss the major programs being run by the Government for the
development of Indian agriculture. [63 BPSC/2019]

Q. How far does the variable nature of the Indian monsoon adversely affect the planning
of agricultural development in India? Discuss it with special reference to Bihar. [53‐55
BPSC/2012]

Q. Critically examine the role of the Green Revolution in the development of agriculture in
India. [AAO 2022]

Q. Describe ‘agricultural marketing’ in India and write the defects in the ‘agricultural
marketing system’. What measures have been taken by the Government of Bihar to
improve the system of the marketing of agricultural products? [56‐59 BPSC/2016]

Q. “Agricultural diversification and organic farming are the better options for food security
in India.” Comment critically with special reference to Bihar. [53‐55 BPSC/2012]

Q. Give a geographical account of Sugarcane cultivation in Bihar and highlight its future
prospects in the state. [AAO 2022]

Indian Economy

Industrial Growth

Q. Discuss the role Of science and technology in industrial development of Bihar. [69th
BPSC]

Q. Discuss the state of tourism industry in India and analyze its future in the country. [69th
BPSC]

Q. Decentralization of Industries towards rural areas will not only ensure balanced
regional growth but will also reduce the exceeding population pressure in and around the
metropolis and urban centres. Do you agree? [CDPO 2022]
Q. What is the new definition of micro, small and medium enterprises? Critically evaluate
the role of MSMEs in boosting industrial growth and ensuring the success of
Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan in India. [65th BPSC/2020]

Q. What is meant by ‘small industries’? What role do small industries play in the Indian
economy in respect of exports and employment? [45 BPSC/2001]

Q. Discuss the importance of the small-scale sector in the industrial structure. [43
BPSC/2001]

Economic Development and Growth

Q. Explain 'trickle-down' theory of economics, its major elements, benefits, limitations and
crificisms in context to Indian planning. [69th BPSC]

Q. Blue economy is identified as one of the ten core dimensions for national growth.” In
the light of the above statement, discuss its significance for the economy and list the
steps taken by India to promote the blue economy. [68th BPSC]

Q. Economic growth and population growth are reversely related to each other. Why and
how? Is it true in the case of India also? [CDPO 2022]

Q. Critically explain the achievements of New Economic Reforms in India. [45

BPSC/2002]
Q. “Physical diversity in India has led to an uneven economic development.”‐ Elucidate
with suitable examples. [48‐52 BPSC/2009]

Poverty and Population

Q. How are cities classified by the Directorate of Population in India? Throw light on the
total populafion and their rate Of growth as per 2011 Census of various classified cities.
Discuss the population of Bihar as per 2011 Census and also throw light on the trend of
working population in the State. [69th BPSC]

Q. Describe the distribution of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population in Bihar
and comment on their level of socio-economic conditions. [69th BPSC]

Q. Discuss the incidence and effects of Rural-Urban digital divide in India. Examine the
steps taken by the government to reduce it. [68th BPSC]

Q. Discussing the estimation of poverty in India, explain the factors responsible for
poverty. Which programs are being run by the Indian government to remove poverty? [63
BPSC/2019]

Q. “Poverty is a matter of deprivation from basic needs of human life.” Explain it and
suggest measures to reduce it. [47 BPSC/2007]

Q. What do you mean by the concept of poverty? Explain the incidence of poverty and the
various poverty alleviation programs introduced in India. [44 BPSC/2002]

Skill Development

Q. Not just providing employment but increasing the employability of the labour force is
the main issue of a long‐term employment policy in India.” Discuss this statement with
special reference to knowledge and skill development through quality education and
training. Also, explain the trends and implications of sector-wise employment generation
in the country after 2000. [60‐62 BPSC/2018]

Environment

Q. Misuse of technology and its wrong application lead to pollute the environment and
cause climatic changes. Discuss with suitable examples, how misuse Of technology has
become a curse to the environment of India. [69th BPSC]

Q. What is the relationship between ‘Environmental Protection’ and ‘Sustainable

Development”? Write a short note on economic growth and environmental degradation in
India. [56‐59 BPSC/2016]

Q. “Technology being more of a curse than a blessing.” Justify the statement in the
context of environmental pollution. [67th BPSC]

Q. The Green Revolution has increased the food grains production in India but has
created several environmental problems.”‐ Elucidate with examples. [48‐52 BPSC/2009]

Q. Manifold increase in population and non‐planning has led to disproportionate garbage

generation. Discuss the different types of waste. How can the country eradicate this
problem with the help of science and technology? Describe in detail. [64 BPSC/2018]

Q. Comment on saying, “The world would submerge in water in coming future by the
mistakes committed by the human beings of this planet”. [63rd BPSC/2018]

Q. What do you understand about environmental pollution? Mention the various kinds of
pollution. Also, explain their effects on human health in India. [42 BPSC/2001]

Q. Most of the towns and cities in India become full of big garbage dumps, dusty broken
roads, and chaotic traffic. What role can scientific management and technology play in
overcoming these problems? Explain with examples. [53‐55 BPSC/2012]
 Miscellaneous

Q. Explain India’s global trade engagements in 2022. What are the various initiatives
taken by India to enhance trade? Suggest some ways to increase India’s global trade
engagements in future. [68th BPSC]

Q. Review the effects of the plunging value of the Indian rupee compared to the US dollar
on the economy of India and suggest possible measures to regain the value of the rupee.
[CDPO 2022]

Q. Explain the role of WTO in the context of the Indian economy. [64 BPSC/2019]