PDF COMPILED BY SAAD PEARSON EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL A LEVEL PHYSICS Student Book 2Publishes by Pearson Education Linitad, 60 Sard, London, WO2R ORL son peartonglobatsclens.cort Cops ffl spafcatns or a Pearson Edexcel cuafctons maybe fund ‘ont webst: te/avalteatins poasoncom “Tox © Pearson Eovetion ited 2019 Designed by Tech Set Lid, Gatesood, UK Esa by Kate Baca, san Lyne and Jane Reset “ype by Tach Sat Li, Gateshaad, UK (rial uttons Pearson Eaueaton United 2019 (Cour design by Pearson Eee Lined 2019 Pitre esearch by rte ‘Cover photo Visuls Unite. cr Robert Gandir hide font cover photo: Omtry Lobanov ‘he igh Mes Hudson tobe enti autor of ths wor hs Bean asserted by him in acoréanc wth he Copyright, Dass an Patnts Act 1088. Fret pss 2019 22212019 ‘igh Library Cataloguing in Publation Data ‘Nontloa recor for rs book i aval Fam the Beh Uitrary ISON 970 12902 467 Copyright notice ‘Anghi reserve. No pat of hs pubicaen may be reproduced in ary form by fy tans Gretudegplocopyng or storing Min any neu by sacri an and whether or ot Vansionty ornceetal to come other use rs publeabon) ‘uct the wen parson othe copyright une, except in accordance wih ‘he rons of he Cop. Dion and Poors Act 1888 of ure he ors of aloorceseued by the Copyright Uoenong Agency, Baar in, 86 Foto ino, London EGAA TEN tia.cla.co.) ADplcatons forte copygnt owners ‘writen pomissn shou’ be aderessod oho pubsher ented by Neogrsiin Slovakia brovcer fe ensure that this resource oles high-quality suppor forthe associates Pearson aualfcaton, thea boon tyeugharevew process bythe awarding ‘od This process contre that ths esoures uly covers he teaching ard ‘aering content ofthe spoctioaon al whic tis area alo comme at k emanates i spproprate btine betwen the deve of sje ll roofodge and uncersondina, nation oprapraton for acest Endorsement 608 nt cover any gudanoe on etotemort acta or process {e9 practice questons or ace on how fo answer assessment qiesbons) IRetused ta esoues, or dose pescrbe ary parc approach tothe teaching or Gaver ofa relates course. Wl the pushers have mati very trp oer that avon onthe ‘uaifleson ands ateserentis aeourate the fea epoctizaton ad ‘isola assent guidance materalsar the on aubeative soace of Frtomaton and shoul aways bo retove o for deitve guidance. Pearson examers have rt conta to any action thi recurs leat ‘tarnaton piers or wien tay have repos, assessment et by Pearson Endorsement of rescues dons not man thatthe ‘resource trequted octave the Pearson qualfetion, nr dacs oan Pal isthe ony state mata avalble fo support he qua ication and any ‘eaoute lists produced bythe evar body shal clue th and her soporte resources Text Grits: 10 The Planetary Society: Kin Or The Panctary Sty 22 Theodore W. Halt Fron a webpage to acute ate gravy tae by To Hale Hal, “hoodere W 2012). SpmCal; An atfcal- Gravy Cacuator in avaScnot ati comisurSpinCae Spina a 26 October 201) National Space Society Saco Satiomant Popusion Rotation Tlance. ‘A Gitos, Tesocore Hal ne 2018, National Space Socty 201622 NASA: GnNAGA Sjnposun an Te Roe the Vestn Organ the Expeation ‘of Spoce, Portland, OF, USS, Sptarber30-October 8, 2002, Jour of Vestnua Raseare, vol. 73 no. 4-6, 9p. S210, 2003 0S Press ne 2003, 48 Lonnevile Power Administration: Secon 1 a Appendix E, ‘ctcal ets, of 1G EDDY - KNIGHT S0D-kV TRANSMISSION PROJECT, by T Dan Bracken for Boanvil Power Anniston, date Mach 200, itp/inwbpagovefwAcalyeeMMEPADocumentsnmoaia Eddy Knighi ‘Apoondxe Slocealfecsconbid 2a 6 AP Publishing: Reprosied om “Paperbasea uvacapactors mth exon rantubes-qaprene composts’ Jowral of Appl Pytes, Vol. 115, oe 16 Cl, Chang, X, Sun Brand, ‘Gh Sheaturn A Reaves, Man Kalan M. 2094) he peasant AP Planing 68 Mina Electonics: rom a paper unten rane Cana, Chit ‘Scions, Mina Electonics, manufacturer of metal detectors tps Inve conv hea OIAMETAL DETECTOR BASICS AND THEORY pa ‘0 Guardion News and Media Limited: © Giacan News ans Maca Lite, 2018 06 OP Publching: Exact fem an eres ate by Tem Fooman tt ‘ot meciebysiseb posted on 24 February 2084 a tp./nedieaeyaesueb. ‘rows/eteopmanisee, © [OP Publtng. Reproduced wth pam, [vig esr. 12 NASA: Ext orn tw NASA web, p/m rnata,goulortorssenntecmclgy/varbantstat. mi posted on 2 May 2008, “he aril has sce boon updated wha focus on warpeaive techy. 128 National Geograph Society: Bharat, Amaro, fr Crosing Pace, Recor Seting Bloons Land Of Baa Coast, or Natonal Geographic, Jan 31, 2015, [atens Geogrpne Paes, LLG, 2015 146 Amerean Instuteof Physi: ‘Guyer, Peer, cial maging Faces Shorlage of Key Raoactve Mata rode Sieco, Nov 2016. © Arutianiattut of Pyaes 2016 168 Taped Financial Centr Cor: Best nthe Werd Wed Dap, TAPE! 109 © Tape Francia Conte Corp. 2014 164 Amusing Panet Patan, Kaushik, Th 728Ton Tuned Mos Oumpeof Tape! 101 © Aubng Pane 2014174 Dunedin Academie ross From pages B87 ar page 29h Chapters) of Invedusig Voloaology ‘yr Dougal Jaa, SBN 078-1-9067-822-6,pubfened by Dunedin Acadomic Press (201) 200 Michel © Nel: Wich! O ell, 2078 The Unerse or KidsCONTENTS COURSE STRUCTURE iv ABOUT THIS BOOK vi PRACTICAL SKILLS viii ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW x TOPIC 5 2 TOPIC 6 26 TOPIC 7 72 TOPIC 8 116 TOPIC 9 132 TOPIC 10 150 TOPIC 11 168 MATHS SKILLS 204 PREPARING FOR YOUR EXAMS 210 SAMPLE EXAM ANSWERS 212 COMMAND WORDS 218 GLOSSARY 220 INDEX 224Desai TOPIC 5 FURTHER MECHANICS SA FURTHER MOMENTUM 1 ENERGY IN COLLISIONS 2 MORE COLLISIONS THINKING BIGGER: ASTEROIDS EXAM PRACTICE 5B CIRCULAR MOTION 1 CIRCULAR MOTION BASICS 2 CENTRIPETAL FORCE THINKING BIGGER: ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY EXAM PRACTICE 22 24 TOPIC 6 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS GA ELECTRIC FIELDS 26 1 ELECTRIC FIELDS 28 2 RADIAL ELECTRIC FIELDS 33 3 COULOMB'S LAW 35 THINKING BIGGER: POWER LINE PROBLEMS 38 EXAM PRACTICE 40 6B CAPACITORS 42 1 CAPACITOR BASICS 44 2 CHARGING AND DISCHARGING CAPACITORS 46 3 CAPACITOR MATHEMATICS 49 THINKING BIGGER: ULTRACAPACITORS 52 EXAM PRACTICE 54 6C ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS 56 1 MAGNETIC FIELDS 58 2 ELECTRIC MOTORS 60 3 MAGNETIC FORCES 62 4 GENERATING ELECTRICITY 65 THINKING BIGGER: ‘METAL DETECTIVES 68 EXAM PRACTICE 70 TOPIC 7 NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS 7APROBING MATTER = 72 1 ANUCLEAR ATOM 74 2 ELECTRONS FROM ATOMS 78 THINKING BIGGER: XENON-XENON 80 EXAM PRACTICE 82 7B PARTICLE ACCELERATORS AND DETECTORS 84 1 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS 86 2 PARTICLE DETECTORS 90 3 THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER 93 THINKING BIGGER: MEDICAL PARTICLE ACCELERATORS: 96 EXAM PRACTICE 98 7C THE PARTICLE ZOO 100 1 PARTICLE INTERACTIONS 102 2 THE PARTICLE ZOO 104 3 PARTICLES AND FORCES 106 4 PARTICLE REACTIONS — 108 THINKING BIGGER: ANTI-MATTER MATTERS 112 EXAM PRACTICE 114Maced 0 TOPIC 8 THERMODYNAMICS 8A HEAT AND TEMPERATURE 116 1 HEAT AND TEMPERATURE 118 2 HEAT TRANSFER 120 3 INTERNAL ENERGY 123 4 IDEAL GAS BEHAVIOUR = 125 THINKING BIGGER: REACH FOR THE SKY! 128 EXAM PRACTICE 130 TOPIC 9 NUCLEAR DECAY 9A RADIOACTIVITY 132 1 NUCLEAR RADIATION 134 2 RATE OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY 138 3 FISSION AND FUSION 141 THINKING BIGGER: MEDICAL TRACERS 146 EXAM PRACTICE 148 TOPIC 10 OSCILLATIONS 10A OSCILLATIONS 1 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (SHM) 150 2 SHM MATHEMATICS 155 3 SHM ENERGY 157 4 RESONANCE AND DAMPING 159 THINKING BIGGER: TAIPEL 101 164 EXAM PRACTICE 166 TOPIC 11 ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY 11A GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS 168 1 GRAVITATIONAL FORCES 170 2 GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS 172 THINKING BIGGER: MONITORING VOLCANOES 174 EXAM PRACTICE 176 11B SPACE 178 1 STARSHINE 180 2 STELLAR CLASSIFICATION 182 3 DISTANCES TO THE STARS 187 4 THE AGE OF THE UNIVERSE 192 5 THE FATE OF THE UNIVERSE 196 THINKING BIGGER: DARK ENERGY 200 EXAM PRACTICE 202 MATHS SKILLS 204 PREPARING FOR YOUR EXAMS 210 SAMPLE EXAM ANSWERS 212 COMMAND WORDS 218 GLOSSARY 220 INDEX 224DCU AC Ing ABOUT THIS BOOK This book is written for students following the Pearson Edexcel international Advanced Level (VAL) Physics specification. This book covers the second year of the International A Level course, ‘The book contains full coverage of IAL units (or exam papers) 4 and 5. Unit 4 in the specification has three topic areas; Unit 5 has four topic areas. The topics in this book, and their contents, fully match the specification. You can refer to the Assessment Overview on pages x-x for further information. Students can prepare for the written Practical Skills Paper (Unit 6) with the support of the IAL Physics Lab Book (see pages vill and ix ofthis book). Each Topic is divided into chapters and sections so that the content is presented in manageable chunks. Each section features a mix of learning and activities supported by features explained below. Leaming objective ‘Specification reference Exam hints ‘Worked examples Each chapter starts with | The exact specication Tips on how to answer exam-style quests and | These show you how to Ait of key earning references covered inthe {Quelance for exam preperation, melding how to | Work trough questions objectives Section ae ist, Fespord fo command words. Content whion you | and set out ealeuiatons. ‘donot nood to revisa for your exams i indicated by rad Exam Hint: Extra content bowes. 1 Th aming Ups ‘Subject vocabulary Checkpoint ese help you to focus your Key terms are highlighted in blue inthe {Questions atthe end ofeach section check ring and avold common eros text. Clear defniions are provided atthe Understanding of the key learning points. fn of each section for easy reference, Certain questions allow you to develop ‘and are abo colated Inthe glossary at ‘kl which wil be valuable for further the back of the book ‘Study and in the workolace