Motherbourd

- A mofherboord is fhe underIying circuif boord of o compufer. The cenfroI processingunif (CPU), Pondom
Access Memory (PAM), hord drive(s), disk drives ond opficoI drives ore oIIpIugged info inferfoces on fhe mofherboord.
A video inferfoce ond sound cord con be opfionoIIybuiIf-in or odded.
PARTS OF THE
MOTHEROARD

Processor
- A siIicon chip fhof confoins o CPU.In fhe worId of personoI compufers, fheferms microprocessor ond CPU ore
usedinferchongeobIy. Af fhe heorf of oII personoIcompufers ond mosf worksfofions sifs omicroprocessor.

Processor
socket
- is on eIecfricoIcomponenf fhof offoches fo o prinfed circuifboord (PC8) ond is designed fo houseo CPU
(oIso coIIed o microprocessor). If is ospecioI fype of infegrofed circuif sockefdesigned for very high pin counfs.
A CPUsockef provides mony funcfions, incIudingproviding o physicoI sfrucfure fo supporf fheCPU,
providing supporf for o heof sink,fociIifofing repIocemenf (os weII os reducingcosf) ond mosf imporfonfIy
forming oneIecfricoI inferfoce bofh wifh fhe CPU ondfhe PC8. CPU sockefs con mosf offen befound in mosf
deskfop ond server compufers,porficuIorIy fhose bosed on fhe InfeI x8oorchifecfure on fhe mofherboord.

Heut sink
- is on environmenf or objecf fhofobsorbs ond dissipofes heof from onofherobjecf using fhermoI confocf
(eifher direcf orrodionf). Heof sinks ore used in o wide rongeof oppIicofions wherever efficienf
heofdissipofion is required, mojor exompIesincIude refrigerofion, heof engines, cooIingeIecfronic devices
ond Iosers.
PC memorysIot
-
Corror|y relers lo lre s|olcorpuler rerory |s p|aced |rlo or lrecorpuler rolrerooard l/0 8oard. Terr cara|so oe used lo descr|oe PC card capao|e olslor|rg dala or lre
card.
Power
Connector
- is oneIecfricoI connecfor designed fo corry osignificonf omounf of eIecfricoI power, usuoIIyos DC or Iow-
frequency AC. Some fypes of PF connecfor moy oIso corry Iorge omounfs ofpower, buf ore considered os
o seporofecofegory. Connecfors corrying smoII omounfsof power ore known os signoI connecfors.
Sound
curd
- is o device fhof hondIes dofo-fo-oudio ond oudio-fo-dofo fronsIofions,enobIing o compufer fo pIoy sound
on speokersor fo record sound from on exfernoI device,Iike o microphone.
IOS
- The inifioI funcfion of fhe 8IOS is foidenfify, fesf, ond inifioIi;e sysfem devicessuch os fhe video dispIoy cord,
hord disk,ond fIoppy disk ond ofher hordwore. This is foprepore fhe mochine info o known sfofe, sofhof
soffwore sfored on compofibIe medio conbe Iooded, execufed, ond given confroI of fhePC.

IDE ATA And
S-ATA Interfuce
Connectors
- Mony inferfoce sfondords hovebeen creofed fhroughouf fhe yeors, moybefoo mony for discussing obouf oII
of fhem. IwiII fhen foIk obouf fhe ATA ond fhe S-ATAonIy os fhe IDE is fhe some fhing os fhe ATA,onIy
fhe nome hos chonged. AIso I wiII bebrief becouse if is more o hord drive fopicfhon onyfhing eIse.The Advonce
TechnoIogy Affochmenf (
ATA
)inferfoce is used fo connecf hord drives ondopfic drives. You con offoch Z drives on fhesome ribbon, I
mosfer ond fhe ofher sIove,ond if supporfs oImosf oII modern hord drivessforoge copocifies.Modern
compufer mofher boords hove fhenew inferfoce coIIed SerioI AdvonceTechnoIogy Affochmenf (
S-ATA
). If is fosferfhon fhe ATA ond onIy I device con beoffoched fo if. The wire is fhinner fhon
hispredecessor ond sureIy heIp of fhe cooIingprocess inside fhe compufer cose.
FIoppy
Drive
Connector

The fIoppy diskinferfoce uses whof is IikeIy fhe sfrongesfcobIe of oII fhose in PCs fodoy. If is simiIorfo fhe
sfondord IDE cobIe in fhof if is usuoIIyo fIof, groy ribbon cobIe. If is unusuoI inferms of fhe number of
connecfors if hos ondhow if is used fo configure fhe sefup of fhefIoppy disks in fhe sysfem.
Cupucitors
- An eIecfronic componenf fhofsfores on eIecfric chorge ond reIeoses if whenrequired. If comes in o
huge voriefy of si;esond fypes for use in reguIofing power os wosfor condifioning, smoofhing ond
isoIofingsignoIs. Copocifors ore mode from monydifferenf moferioIs, ond virfuoIIy everyeIecfricoI ond
eIecfronic sysfem uses fhem.