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    3 views17 pages

    Ansi C29.1 - CS

    Uploaded by

    Hudson Resende

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    IPT - COPIA VALIDA SOMENTE PARA PESQUISA — ANSI C24.3 68 MM O724350 ooaqazO : beat! ANSI C29.1-1988 ‘ais The Under Ropty rare for electrical power insulators — test methods s i SoM RL ML Pe oe me) ‘td tom Gout crencenns eewer HE Me be rg 2A (lg MLAs. ag we Copyright by the American National Standards Institute Sat Feb 03 11:54:45 2001 IPT - COPIA VALIDA SOMENTE PARA PESQUIEA ANSI®. €29,1-1988 nition of Nei cza.1-1082 American National Standard for Electrical Power Insulators — Test Methods Secretariat National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved August 23, 1088 American National Standards Instituto, Inc Copyright by the Sat Feb 03 4 IPT - COPIA VALIDA SOMENTE PARA PESQUISA ANSI (25.1 88 Mm C72U150 0029822 0 mm American A7ovlot an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the re National Standard Pubiihed by quirements for due process, consensus, and other critera for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, n the Judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Réview, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests, Subs stantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanim. lty, Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. ‘The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; thet existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from ms facturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not con- Forming to the standard ‘The American Natlonal Stendards Institute doss not develop standards and will in no cit- ‘cumstances give ay interpretation of any American National Standard, Moreover, no per- son shall have the right or authority to Issue an interpretation of an American National ‘Standard in the nams of the American National Standards Institute, Requests for inter- Pretations should be addressed to the secetatiat or sponsor whose name appears on the lle poge of ths standard. ‘CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn: ‘any time, The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American Netlonal Standards fnstitute, ‘American National Standards Institute 1430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018 ‘Copyright © 1989 by American Natlonal Standards Insitute, Ing All rights reserved. ‘No past of tha publication may be reproduced in ary form, ‘nn alectonieretieral system or otherwise, without {he peor waiten permisdion ofthe pelle, ‘Printed in the United States of America atciso/i2 Copyright by the American Natlonal Standards Inatitute ‘Sat Feb 03 44:55:10 2001 IPT - COPIA VALIDA SOMENTE PARA PESQUISA rr a724as0 0029823 2 Foreword Ferwors isnot pact of American Nation! Stintard 29.1.1988) ‘This standard comprises a manual of procedures to be followed in making tets to deter- ‘mine the characteristics of tngulators used on electric power systoms, This standard is ‘not an insulator specification, but rather a test method to be used in conjunction with inmulator specifications. American National Standard C29,1-1988 i a revision of American National Standard, ‘Tost Methods for Electrical Power Insulators, ANSI C29.1-1972. Tha present revision ‘was prepared by Accredited Standards Committee on Insulators for Electr Power Lines, (€29, which is fn charge of this work. ‘Suggestions for improvement of ths standard will be welcome, They should be sent to ‘The Manager of Engineering, National Electrical Manufacturers Astociation, 2101 Lt, NW, Washington, DC 20037, Attn: Secretary, ASC C-29, ‘This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by Accredited Stan- dards Committes C29. Committee approval does not necessarily imply that all commnlt- ‘tee members voted for its approval. At tho time It approved this standard, the.C29 Com. aittee hed the following members: J... Nicholls, Chairman, €. White, Secretary Orgentzation Reprerented ‘Name of Reprerentative ‘Assclaion of Amaiiean Ronde. Bonnevlle Power Adialrteton Blac Light end Power Group. Institute of Hota and Pteetronle Engnoers [National Bleotieal ManufactorersAstolatoh Satibary Co. . . ‘Stone Wobate Unginering n ‘US. Departmentof the Army (Lion, wit Copyright by the American National Standards Institute Sat Feb 03 11:55:16 2001 "T - COPIA VALIDA SOMENTE PARA PESQUISA Contents sero . Seope « 2 6. Galvantaing Tost — . Routine Tests « 8. Table 1 Rate of Increase of Load . . }- Test Specimen Mounting for Blecteeal Tests. . Mechanical Tests. . O72uuso on27ee4 4 ANSI C29-1 88 A Definitions. ‘21 Insulators end Parts... 22 Low-Frequoncy Voltages. 23° Impulse Voltayes ...... 24° Mechanical Strength 23. Miscellaneous ‘Suspension Insulator. Line Insulator (Pin, Post) : Apparatus intulators (Cap and Pin, Post) Simin insulators. Spool Insulators « 42. Low-eoquency Dry Fishover Voltage Tete 43° Low-Frequency Wet Flashover Voltage Tests 44 Low-Frequency Dry Withstand Voltage Tests 45 Low-Frequency Wet Withatand Voltage Tests 46 Low-Frequency Dew Withstand Voltage Tests - 4.7. Impulte Flashovor Voltage Tests... 4... 48 Impolte Withstand Voltage Tests. 49 Radio-inftuence Voltage Tests . 1. 4.10 Visual Corona Tett. 4... 4.11 Puncture Tests, 7 Se Ultimate Mechanical Strength Tests. - : : 5:2 Combined Mechanical and Electricai-Steength Test (Suspension Insulators) .. 13 ‘5.3 Time-Lond-Withstand Strength Test 54 Porosity Test , 5S.S° Thermal Test || 56 Pinhole-Gaging Test - 71 Blectical Tests . 72. Mechanical Tests seh peal Revislon of American National Standards Referred to in This Document « Figure 1 Low-Frequency Humidity Correction Factores... .cceceeeeeeeeeee 9 Figure 2 Impulse Humidity Correction Factors... ....- Copyright by the American National Standards Institute ‘Sat Feb 03 11:55:22 2004 T - COPIA VALIDA SOMENTE PARA PESQUISA 2 ANSI C24-3 88 American Nai nal Standard o724iso o02q82s & for Electrical Power Insulators — Test Methods 1. Scope ‘This standard compeises a manual of fet methods to be followed in making tests to determine the character- Isis of lectelcl power insulators as defined erin, Individual tests shall be made oly when specified. 2. Definitions ‘NOTE: Defhatons a ivan hereln apply specify #0 th ‘ublet treated le this standard. Per eddllonaldefnitionseee ‘American National Standard Dictlonary of Beteicl end lec ‘tones Terms, ANSI/IEEE 100-1986, 2.4 Inmdstors and Parts 2.1 Insoletor. An insulator i vice intended to give flexible or rigid suppor to electric conductor ‘or equipment and to insulat these conductors or equipment from ground or from other conductors or equipment. ‘An Inmulator comprises one or more invulating parts {o whlch connecting devices (metal fittings) ae often ‘permanently attached. 2.1.2 Shell. A shell ita sagle insulating member, having askirt oF akics without cement or ather con necting device, intonded to form x part ofan insulator ‘or an Insulator astembly. 2.1.3 Pin Inguator. A pin inmustor ian Insulator ‘having means for rig mounting on parable pin. 2.14 Post insulator. A pest insulator ian insulator of gonerally colurinar shape, having eens for dvect and rgld mounting. 2.1.5 Cap and Pin Inmuator. A cep and pin insulator 4s an ansambly of one or more shale with motalle cap and pin, having muri for direct end sgld mounting. 2.16 Lise lsulator Pin, Pst), A line inulator is an asembly of one or more shell, having means for semitgily supportifg line conductors. 2.1.7 Apparatus Lnslstor (Cap and Pin, Post). An apparatus insulator is an assembly of one of more appa: ratusinsulator units, having means for rigdly support. ing elect equipment. 2.1.7.1 Unit, An apparatusinsulator unit sah assembly of one or more shells with ateched metal pacts, the function of which is to support raidly « conductor, bus, or other conducting elements on a structure or bate member. 2.1.7.2 Stack. An apphratusinsulaor stack ia ‘gd astembly of two of more apparatus insulator waits, 2.1.8 Suspension Insulator. A suspension Insulator ‘san insulator with stached metal parts heving means for nonrihdly sippoting eleatste conductors, 2.1.8.1 Unit, A suspensioninsuator unt isan + assembly of 2 shell and hardware, having meant for nor- ‘igi coupling to other unlts or terminal hardware. 2.1.82 String. A suspension-nmultor string isan assembly of two or more suspension Insulators in tan- ein. 2.1.9 Strain tntulato. Astin ngulator it an insu lator genarally of elongated shape, with two teansverse holes or stots, 21.10 Spool Insolator. A spool insulator san Insu- lator of generally eylindrcal form having an axal mount: inghole and aciscumferontal groove or grooves for the attachment of a conductor. 2AM Wire Holder, A wir holder ian insulator of senerally cylindrical or pear shape, having ahole for securing the conductor and a sew or bolt for mount: sng. 22. Low-Frequency Voltages 22.1 Low Frequency. Low frequency, as used in this tandard, meant any foquency between 1S.and 100 hertz. 22.2 Low-Frequency Flashover Valtage A low- frequency fshover voltage ofan emulator lathe root- value of the low-frequency voltage that, 3d conditions, causes a sustained daruptive ditcharge through the eurrounding media. 2.2.2.1 Dry fashover voltage tests are testsas eworbed in 4.2, 2.2.2.2 Wet fashover voltage tests are teste a2 Adescrbed in 43. 2.2.3 Low-Frequency Withstand Voltage. A low frequency withttand voltage of an Insulator is the root- 5 Copyright by the American National Standards Institute Sat Feb 03 41:55:24 2001 IPT - COPIA VALIDA SOMENTE PARA PESQUISA ANSE C29.2 88 MM 0724250 Go2782b 6 mm AMERICAN NATIONAL STANGARD C29,-1988, mean-square value of the low-frequency voltage that, under specified conditions, ean be applied without cauting ashover or puncture. 22.3.1 Dry withstand voltage tests are ass a8 described in 44, 22.3.2 Wet withstand voltage tests ar tests os dcseibed in 4 2.2.33 Dow withstand voltage tsts are tests as described in 4.6. 2.2.4 Low-Frequency Puncture Voltage. A low. frequency puncture voltage ofan insulator isthe root- mean-square value of the low-frequency voltage that, ‘under specified conditions, eaues dlruptve discharge through any part ofthe insulator. Puncture tests are tests a devctbed in 4,11, 2.3 Impulse Voltages 2.3.1 Impulse Wave. An impulse wave ls uniive tional surge gonorated by the release of elecisicaleneray into an impedence network. 23.2 Impulse Flashover Voltage. An impute fash- over voltage ofan insulators the eres value of the Impulse wave tht, under specified conditions, causes ‘Machover through the surrounding inedium, 2.3.3 Cultieal Impulse Flashovee Voltage. The ot- cal impulse flashover voltage ofan insulator isthe crast value of the impulee wave that, under specified condl- ‘tong, extsesflashover through the surounding modium ‘on SO% of tho applications. Timpulse flashover voltage tests are tests as described ina, 2.3.4 Impulse Withstand Voltage. The mapulse with- stand voltage ofan insulator i the erst value of an ap plied impulse votiags thet, under spcifed conditions, doesnot cause a ashover, puncture, or disruptive ds: charge on the tet specimen: Impulte withstand voltage tots ao tests is described in4. : 24 Mechanical Strength ‘2.4.1 Untimate Mechanial Strength, The ultimate sechanieal strength of an insulators tho load at which any part of th insulator fist padfoun 1 Tuaetion of providing a mechanical mipport without regard to slectrca faire. ‘timate mechanicalstrangth ests ar teat at de sera in 5: 2.4.2 Combined Mechanleal and Electrical Strength (Suspension insulator). The combined mechanloal and lectleal strength of Insulators the me- chandéal load at whick the inoator falls to peeforn its function ether electrically or mochenlealy, when vlt- ‘ge and méchanial stress are applied simullannoutly, ‘Acombined mechanlca- and eloctecabstength test {sa test andowerbed in 5.2. 6 Copyright by the American National Standards Institute, ‘Bat Feb 03 11:55:26 2004 24.3 Time-Load Withstand Strength. The time load withstand strength of an insulator is the mechanical oad that, under specified conditions, can be contiau- ‘ously applied without mechanical or electrical allure. ‘A timerond withstand tert is test as described in 33. 244 Mechanieal-Impact Strength. The mechenical- Ampact strength of sn insulator isthe impsct which, ‘under specified conditions, the insulator ean withstand without damage. ‘A mechanioa-impact strength test is tet as de- sesibed in $1.22. 2.5 Miscellancout 25.4 Test Specimen. A test specimen isan insulator which i opreentative ofthe product being testa dan apecimen that Is undamaged in any way which ‘would Influence the result of the tes. 2.5.2 Leakage Distance. The leckage distance of sn Insulator isthe sum of the shortest dlstancermeazured along th insulating surfaces between the conductie pars, ax arranged for dry fashover test. (Surfaces coated with semiconducting glaze thall be contideced as effective leakage surface, and leakage datance over such surfaces shall be includsd inthe leakage distance.) 2.5.3 Dry-Arcing Distance. Tho dry-arcing distance ofan ingulator isthe shortest distance through the sur- rounding medium between terminal electrodes, o the sum ofthe distances between intermediate electrodes, ‘whichever isthe shorter, with the insulator mounted for dry Nashover test. 254 Radio-nfluence Voltgs. The radosnfuence voltage of an insulators the radio-requency voltage ‘measured under specified conditions. Racionfiuence voltage tests are ttt s desctbod n49, 3. Test-Specimen Mounting for Electrical Tests 3.1. Suspension Insulators "3.1.1 Mounting Arrangement. Unies! othérwité speci! ‘ed, the test specimen (unit or sting) shall be suspended vertically atthe end of a grounded conductor 20 that the verted distance from the uppormost point ofthe insulator hardware to the supporting structure shall be not loss than 3 feot (914 mm). 3.1.2 Energized Blectrode, The energzed or bottom clectrode or conductor shall be asteeight, smooth rod oc tube having an outside dlameter not less than 3/4 {nch (19 mam) nor more than 1-1/2 inches (38 mn). It shall be coupled to the lower intogeal fitting ofthe test specimen so that the distance from the lowest edgé of the insulator shel to the upper surface ofthe electrode ANSI C29. 88 MM O724250 0029527 T mm shall be between 0.5 and 0.7 of the diameter of the lowest insulator. The conductor shall be horlzontal and at right anglos to tho axis of the test specimen. The con- ductor shal be of such length that ashover will not be initiated atthe electrode ends. 3.13 Proximity of Other Objects, No objects, other dun parts of the test assembly, shall be nearer the test specimen or energized electrodes than 1-1/2 times the testspeclmen dry arcing distance, with a minimum al- lowable dstsnce of 3 fest (914 mm). 3.2 Line Insulators (Pin, Post) 3.2.1 Mounting Arrangement (Crostarm). Unless sitherwise apecifiod, the supporting crossarm shall be « ‘horizontal, straight, smooth, grounded, metallic tube oc structucel member having a horizontal width not lest than 3 inches (76 mm) nor more than 6 inches (152 sn). I hal be of auch length that fleshover will not bo initiated a is ends, 3.2.2 Mounting Pin (If Required). When a soparable pin is required, the test specimen shall be mounted ver- tally ona Linch (25-mm) diameter metal pin of ruch length that the shortest dry-arcing distance fram the ‘upper electrode and connected metalic part to the supporting crosrarm shall be 25% greater than the slmi- lar distance to the pn The pin shall be coaxial with the test specimen. Inslators having intogrally assombled means for mounting on acrossarm shall be miouated vratially and directly on th test erossarm. 3.2.3 Bnengized Electrode, The energized or tap slectrode or conductor shall be a horizontal round rod ‘or tube placed at rght anges to the supporting cross sam, and ofa diameter not less than 1/2 neh (13 mm). [i tall be of suck Length that flashover wil not be Inielated at ts ends. The conductor shall be placed in the top conductor groove ofthe test specimen. When there ts no top conductor groove, the conductor shall be placed inthe other means provided forthe con- Aductor support. Ifa tle wire isto be used, the conduc- tor shall bo secured by metns of ot least two tums of we not smaller than No. 8 AWG (Amecican Wire Gage), the ends belng closely wrapped atound the conductor ‘on each slde of the Insulator. 3.2.4 Proximity of Other Objects. No objects, thor than parts of the test assembly, shall be nearer te test. specimen or onergzed electrodes than 1-1/2 times the teat-spectmon dry-arcag distance, with aminiaum al- lowable distance of 3 feet (914 mm). 3.3 Apparatus Inwulators (Cap and Pn, Post) 33.1 Mounting Arcangement. leis othocwio specified, the test speclmen shall be mounted vertically Upright on a horizontal, grounded 10-1ch (254-mm) channel, with the chanael flanges projecting down. A subbase shal be used Ifthe insulator characteristics ao AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD C29.1.1908 predicated on its use. Tho supporting channel shall be ‘of such length that Maskover will not be initiated at its ‘nds, and is top surface shall be not less than 3 feet ©14 mm) above tho ground. 3.32 Energized Electrode, The enecpzed or top ‘ectrode or condustor shal be « horizontal round rod ‘or tube at right angles to the supporting channel, and ‘fa diameter approximately 5% of the testapecimen ‘ry.arelng dstanes within th limits of 4-1/2 inches (114 mm) maximum and 1/2 ineh (13 mm) minimum, ‘The length of the conductor shal! be sick that 2ashover ‘ull not be Initiated at its ends. It shall be mounted di- ‘eotly in contact withthe top integeal fitting ofthe test ‘peckmen, and with its horizontal axis in the same verti- cal plano asthe vertical axis of the test specimen, 3.33 Proximity of Other Objects, No objects, other than parts of the test assembly shall be nearer the tert specimen of éndrflied eletroden than {-1/2 times the testapecimen dry-arcing distance, with a minimum allowable distance of 3 feet (914 mm). 3.4 Strain Inmulators 3.4.1 Mounting Arrangement, Unless otherwise spec- ified, the test specimen shall be mounted in a postion. ‘with its major axis at 45 degrees from the vertical (foe ‘wet flashover tot, tha major axis hall bo at eight angles to the spray direction, and the exis of the upper con- ductor hole or sot shall be horizontal), using fexdble metal conductors of approxtinetely 50% of the hole ‘ameter. The conductors shall be clamped with guy ‘lamps, spaced from the text epsciman ata distance not {ess than the test

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