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Date=2024/2/29 Day=Thursday
Operating System Terminology

Multiprogramming
The Process Of Maximum Utilization Of CPU Keeping It Busy Is Called Multiprogramming
Or Concurrent Programming.In This Environment Processor Processes Many Programs At A
Time.For This Purpose Multiprocessing Is Used.We Know That CPU Is Much Faster Than
Peripheral Devices So It Remains Ideal After The Processing Of Program.To Utilize The
Cpu In Maximum Way This Concept Is Used.
Main Concepts
All the programs are in waiting as the cpu processes one task automatically
another task is processed so that cpu don’t get time to ideal and productivity
will not be reduced.
Multitasking
A system able to processes a number of tasks at a time is
called Multi-Tasking.It is also called Real Time System.This
concept is used in higher level operation of computer system
such as industries or in supercomputers.This concept focuses
on performing more than one task based on prioritize
tasks.This enables computers to use more user friendly
interfaces based on the graphical representation of input and
output.
Main Concepts
In this concept cpu processes all the program for a fraction
of second so that time division is equal and user feels that all
processes are running simultaneously.
Multiprocessing
Multi Processing is the synchronize processing of programs by
more than one processor.It performs same functions as single
processor OS.It divides the works into different subtasks and
assigned it to the different cpu. It uses a clear communication
computer architecture to accomplish the task. It rely on parallel
processing, each processor involved in a task but they should
inform to other one how tasks is progressing.This inform
reduces the time delay and other problems are minimized.
Main Concepts
It divides the work into different subtasks and assign to
different processor and it rely on parallel processing so
that time delay is minimized and productivity increases.
Distributed
Distributed Operating System is a collection of computer
programs that utilize computational resources across multiple,
separate computation nodes to achieve a common, shared
goal.It manages the system shared resources during multiple
processes.The processor in a distributed system may varying in
size and function in different computers such as workstations,
minicomputers etc.
Main Concepts
It is a extension of network operating system which supports
higher level of communication in network and it manages
the system shared resources during multiple processes.
Spooling
There are large differences between speed of processors and peripheral devices.The
difference in speed causes processor idles for some time.This idle time is manage by
spooling in OS.
S=Simultaneous
P=Peripheral
O=Operation
O=On
L=Line
This technique is used in multiprogramming environment to offers first chance to the
higher priority and reduce processor idle time.Each application output files are spooled
to separate disk file is called spool files and spooling system (spool is a buffer for
holding output for I/O devices )make queue for output process.

Main Concepts
It offer first chance to the higher priority task and reduce processor
 Thank You!
Created By Agrim Paudel
Colleagues: Mandip Tharu , Sishan Bista