Paper 1

PART: A Political Theory

1. Western Political Thought:

a. Plato
1. Discuss and explain platonic concept of Philosopher King (PMS 2021)
2. Plato’s concept of Justice (2015) CSS 2022
https://cssprepforum.com/explain-platos-theory-of-justice-how-he-tries-to-
implement-it-through-the-education-system/
https://cssprepforum.com/discuss-in-detail-the-platos-concept-of-justice/

b. Aristotle
1. Analyze Aristotle’s notions regarding “Constitutionalism” and “Distributive
justice” (PMS 2020)
2. Explain Aristotelian Classification of government in detail (PMS 2019)
https://cssprepforum.com/what-is-the-aristotelian-classification-of-state/

c. Machiavelli
1. The Prince resulted from Machiavelli’s concern with the development and
maintenance of Italian unity. Discuss it.(PMS 2021)
2. Note the Prince by Machiavelli (PMS 2017)
3. Machiavelli’s Philosophy is the product of his time. Discuss with reference to
“The Prince” (PMS 2015)
d. Hobbes
1. Why Hobbes is in favour of Absolute government? Give your comments.
(PMS 2016)
2. Illustrate the Hobbesian concept of a limited right to revolution (CSS 202)
https://cssprepforum.com/illustrate-the-hobbesian-concept-of-a-limited-right-to-
revolution/

e. Locke
1. Compare Locke’s views on nature of man with Rousseau’s views on the
same. (PMS 2016)
f. Rousseau
 1. Rousseau’s theory of general will is the base of true democracy in modern
times. Discuss (PMS 2020)
2. Critically Examine Social Contract Theory (PMS 2017)
g. Marxism
1. Discuss Marxism in terms of
a. Theory of Surplus Value
b. Proletarian Dictatorship (PMS 2020)
2. Describe in detail Karl Marx’s views on class, state, and religion. (CSS 2022)
https://cssprepforum.com/describe-in-detail-karl-marxs-views-on-class-state-
and-religion/

h. Leninism
i. Maoism
Note (PMS 2021)

2. Muslim Political Thought:

a. AI-Farabi
1. Ideal State by Al-farabi (PMS 2019)
b. AI-Mawardi
1. Explain the concept of Islamic Theology as presented by Al-
Mawardi ( PMS 2017)
2. Compare and contrast the concepts of the executive
presented by the Muslim thinkers Al-Farabi, Al-Mawardi, and
Shah Waliuulah. (CSS 2022)
https://cssprepforum.com/compare-and-contrast-the-concept-of-
executive-presented-by-muslim-thinkers-al-farabi-al-mawardi-and-
shah-wali-ullah/

c. AI-Ghazali
1. Give an account of Alghazali’s theory of Khilafat (PMS 2019)
2. What are Al-Ghazali's prerequisites for becoming a Khalifa?
(CSS 2023)
https://cssprepforum.com/what-are-al-ghazalis-prerequisites-for-
becoming-a-khalifa/
 d. Ibn-e-Khaldoon
1. Critically evaluate Ibn-e-Khaldun’s Cycle of Rising and Fall of
Civilization (PMS 2021)
2. Critically examine the theory of “Rise and Fall of Dynasties”
given by Ibn-e-Khaldoon (PMS 2016)
https://cssprepforum.com/ibn-e-khaldun-while-acknowledging-the-
external-factors-emphasizes-more-on-the-internal-systemic-factors-
as-decisive-for-the-decline-of-states-elaborate/

e. Allama Iqbal
1. Discuss the contribution of Allama Muhammad Iqbal as an
exponent of the political philosophy of Islam in the modern age.
(PMS 2021)
2. Iqbal epitomized the phenomenon of self-actualization. How far
it is relevant for Muslims in the present age? (PMS 2020)
3. Discuss Allama Iqbal’s Concept of Self. Does this have similarity
with Nietzsche or Goethe? (PMS 2016)
4. Note Iqbal’s Concept of Khudi (PMS 2015)
5. Expound Iqbal's vision for raise of Muslims in South Asia in the
era of colonialism. (CSS 2023)

PART: B State and Individual

1. Welfare State Perceptions:

1. Note Function of welfare state (PMS 2019)
a. Western
b. Islamic
1. Write in detail the comparative analysis between Islamic and
Western concept of Sovereignty. (PMS 2020)
2. In an Islamic State, Islam is considered a complete code of life,
which provides guidelines for proper management of political
power. Elaborate. (CSS 2023)
2. Basic Concepts:
a. Sovereignty
1. Note on popular sovereignty ( PMS 2020)
2. The rise of modern sovereign state negates the concept of
absolute sovereignty. Discuss (PMS 2017)
3. Discuss the Islamic Concept of sovereignty? Elucidate. (PMS
2015)
b. Constitutionalism
1. Single Member and Multi Member Constituency (PMS 2016)
c. Power Distribution
d. Law
1. Note Rule of Law (PMS 2016)
e. Liberty
1. Note relationship between law and liberty (PMS 2019)
2. What are the safeguards of Liberty? Elaborate (PMS 2016)
f. Equality
g. Rights and Duties
1. Note Right Implies Duty (PMS 2021)
2. Discuss basic human rights in Islam with reference to Holy Quran
and Hadith-e- Nabvi (PMS 2019)
3. What are the rights of minorities in an Islamic State? (PMs 2016)
4. Note Collective responsibility of the Cabinet (PMS 2015)
5. Rights and duties are the two facts of the same coin. Elaborate.
(CSS 2023)

3. Modes of Participation:
1. Explain different mode of Political Participation in the present
democratic states. (PMS 2021)
a. Demands
b. Decisions
1. Demands and decisions are linkage between Input-Output.
Explain. (PMS 2017)
 2. Public Opinion
1. Note on modes of Public Opinion (PMS 2020)
2. Note Public Opinion and Propaganda (PMS 2016)
3. Does mass media play any role in the formation of public
opinion? (PMS 2015)
3. Political Parties
1. Critically examine the role of political parties in political
development (PMS 2017)
https://cssprepforum.com/discuss-the-role-of-regional-and-
nationalist-political-parties-in-pakistani-politics-how-far-these-
parties-are-necessary-for-the-political-system/

4. Pressure Groups
1. Pressure group have significant role in democratic states.
Elaborate your answer with few examples (PMS 2020)
2. Pressure group plays a key role in the articulation of a basic
function of political system (PMS 2019)
5. Representation
1. Note Proportional representation (PMS 2019)
2. Proportionate representation (PMS 2016)

4. Institutions and Leadership:

i)
a. Legislature
1. Note Bicameral Legislature (PMS 2015)
b. Executive
c. Judiciary
1. Note on Judicial Review ( PMS 2020)
2. Existence of an independent Judiciary is essential for political
development. What type of measures can be adopted of the
independence of judiciary in a democratic state (PMS 2019)
3. What is judicial activism? Discuss its merits and demerits (PMS
2015)
 4. Judicial Activism is the natural corollary of poor governance in
Pakistan. Do you agree? (CSS 2023)

ii) Competing Elites:

a. Political
Role of Political Leadership- Note (PMS2021)
b. Military
1. Critically examine the role of military in the political system of
third world countries (PMS 2021)
2. The military's political role had undermined civilian institutions
and the growth of demographic political culture. Analyze civil
military relations in Pakistan. (CSS 2023)
https://cssprepforum.com/in-what-circumstances-might-a-
democratic-country-turn-to-a-military-dictatorship-or-totalitarian-
rule-narrate-it-with-a-case-study/

c. Bureaucratic
1. Critically examine the role of bureaucracy in a political system
(PMS 2019)

5. Forms of Government:
1. Charismatic leadership has some extra abilities than the elite.
Discuss (PMS 2020
a. Monarchy
1. Note monarchy as form of government (PMS 2017)
2. King is dead. Long live king. Explain with reference to British
Monarchy. (PMS 2015)
b. Democracy
c. Dictatorship
1. Even the worst form of Democracy is better than the best form
of dictatorship. Elaborate. (PMS 2015)
d. Unitary
e. Federation
 1. What are the problems in the Federal System of Pakistan?
Elucidate. (PMS 2016)
f. Confederation
1. Differentiate federation from confederation. Is federal system
feasible for heterogeneous states? (PMS 2020)
2. Differentiate between federation and Confederation. Discuss
their merits and demerits. (PMS 2015)
g. Parliamentary
h. Presidential
1. Discuss the Parliamentary and Presidential form of government
highlighting their merits and demerits. Which political system
suits Pakistan? (PMS 2021)
2. Make out a case of Presidential system in Pakistan. Discuss its
merits and demerits. (PMS 2015)
i. Authoritarian
1. Note Authoritarian Political System (PMS 2017)

Paper 2
PART: A Political Systems

1. Concept of Political System:

1. Discuss in detail the evolution of different political systems in the
world. (PMS 2021)
a. Easton on Behaviorism
1. Highlight the salient features of Behaviouralism given by David
Easton ( of political system) (PMS 2021+ 2020)
2. Write a critical note on the model of David Easton ( of political
system) (PMS 2017+2015)
b. Almond on Functionalism
1. What is political system? Discuss the functions of a political
system according to G. Almond? (PMS 2019)
 2. Explain in detail characteristics and functions of a political system
according to Functionalist Theory of Almond. (PMS 2016)

3. Developed Political Systems:

Main constitutional features of USA, UK, France and former USSR
1. The Cabinet has assumed Dictatorial powers in the British Political
System. Discuss the executive and Legislative powers of the British
cabinet in the light of this statement (PMS 2021)
2. Judicial Review in the US (PMS 2021 + 2020)
3. The most prominent features of American Political System in the
Mechanism of Checks and Balances. Explain (PMS 2020)
4. Discuss the utility of the institution of Monarchy in the British
Political System. (PMS 2020)
5. Write down law making procedure under the American
Constitution (PMS 2019)
6. The British PM is a shining moon among the starts. In the light of
this statement, discuss the position and powers of the English PM?
(PMS 2019)
7. American president can play an effective role in the law making.
Critically examine law making process in USA? (PMS 2017)
8. How British Cabinet overpowers the Parliament; explain with
critical evidence. (PMS 2017)
9. Note Political Parties of France (2017)
10. Discuss various salient features of Constitution of France (PMS
2016)
11. Procedure of Election of US president (PMS 2016)
12. Compare the powers of American President with that of British
Prime Minister (PMS 2015)
13. Explain the theoretical foundation of the former USSR (PMS 2015)

4. Developing Political Systems:

Main constitutional features of Turkey, India and China
 1. Critically analyze the powers and functions of the State of Council
of China (PMS 2021)
2. Discuss the fundamental principles of Turkish Political System.
How these principles are constitutionally protected? (PMS 2020)
3. New Political Trends in the PR China ( PMS 2020)
4. Discuss the role of Chinese communist party in the political
system of China (PMS 2019+2017)
5. Explain the significance of Military in the constitution of Turkey.
(PMS 2017)
6. Note Role of Indian Election Commission (PMS 2017)
7. The national people’s Congress is the highest organ of the state
authority in the PR China. Discuss (PMS 2016)
8. The American Constitution is a system of checks and balances.
Explain and illustrate the statement. (PMS 2016)
9. Current Policy Challenges of China- note (PMS 2016)
10. Comment on the legacy of Kamal Ataturk on Turkish Politics (PMS
2015)
11. Note- Power of Indian PM (PMS 2015)
12. Note- New political trends in China (PMS 2015)
13. What are the main characteristics of the Chinese political system?
How it differs from the communist political system of the USSR.
(CSS 2022)

PART: B Pakistan

1. Pakistan as a Nation-State:
Rise of Muslim Nationalism in South Asia under the dynamic
leaderships of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam
Mohammad Ali Jinnah
1. The ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity ultimately became Quaid e
Azam of Muslims only. Discuss in detail the factors responsible for
this change. (PMS 2020)
2. How far Sir Syed Ahmed Khan succeeded in creating a sense of
nationalism in the Muslims of India? (PMS 2019)
3. Evaluate the role of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in paving the path for
separate Muslims identity in politics of Sub-Continent. (PMS 2017)
4. Critically evaluate the political services of Quaid-e-Azam for Muslims
of the sub-continent (PMS 2016)
5. Critically evaluate the politics of Muslim nationalism during the
period of 1947 (PMS 2015)
6. Note-Political service by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan for the Muslims of the
sub-Continent (PMS 2015)

7. Political System of Pakistan:

Comparative and critical analysis of the Constitutions of 1956, 1962
and 1973 (with amendments)
1. Discuss the important features of the 1962 Constitution in Pakistan.
How did this constitution strengthen the office of the president?
(PMS 2021)
2. Structure and power of the senate in Pakistan (PMS 2021)
3. Describe the organization and jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of
Pakistan under the Constitution of 1973. ( PMS 2021)
4. Major Problems of 1973 Constitution of Pakistan- NOTE (PMS 2021)
5. The Election Commission – Note (PMS 2021)
6. Compare the Islamic provision of 1973 constitution with those of
1956 and 1962 (PMS 2020)
7. Evaluate the concept of provincial autonomy under 18th
amendment (PMs 2020)
8. Note CCI (PMS 2020)
9. Evaluate the role of Judiciary in the constitutional development of
Pakistan (PMS 2019)
10. Discuss the structure and power of National Assembly of Pakistan
(PMS 2019)
11. Provincial Chief Minister NOTE (PMS 2019)
12. Attorney General Note (PMS 2019)
 13. Separation of Power NOTE (PMS 2019)
14. How far 18th amendment has affected the powers of Senate in the
1973 Constitution of Pakistan? (PMS 2017)
15. Committee System in the Parliament of Pakistan (PMS 2017)
16. Describe the principles of Policy as enunciated in the 1973
constitution (PMS 2016)
17. Discuss in detail the power and working of Judiciary under the
Constitution of 1971** (PMS 2016)
18. Note- Legislative powers of the president of Pakistan (PMS 2016)
19. Note- Causes of failure of 1962 Constitution (PMS 2016)
20. Discuss the nature of centre province relationship under the
constitution of 1973 after the 18th amendment (PMS 2015)
21. Despite the enactment of 18th amendment in the constitution of
Pakistan, the question of political devolution is as yet largely
unresolved. Discuss. (CSS 2023)
22. Discuss the history of constitutional development in Pakistan since
1947. How the Amendment is taken as a revolutionary step toward
provincial autonomy in Pakistan? (CSS 2022)
https://cssprepforum.com/discuss-the-federal-structure-of-1973-
constitution-of-pakistan-after-18th-amendment-why-criticism-on-
18th-amendment-started-recently/

https://cssprepforum.com/how-far-has-the-nature-of-centre-
province-relations-changed-under-various-amendments-to-the-
1973-constitution/

https://cssprepforum.com/constitutional-amendments-in-pakistan-
in-brief/