Question

Part I
Cakes come in a variety oI Iorms and Ilavours and are among Iavourite desserts served during special occasions such as birthday parties, Hari
Raya, weddings and etc. Cakes are treasured not only because oI their wonderIul taste but also inthe art oI cake baking and cake decorating.
Find out how mathematics is used in cake baking and cake decorating andwrite about your Iindings.
Answer:
Geometry To determine suitable dimensions Ior the cake, to assist in designing and decorating cakes that comes in many attractive shapes
and designs, to estimate volume oI cake to be produced
Calculus (diIIerentiation) To determine minimum or maximum amount oI ingredients Ior cake-baking, to estimate min. or max.amount oI
cream needed Ior decorating, to estimate min. or max. size oI cake produced.
Progressions To determine total weight/volume oI multi-storey cakes with proportional dimensions, to estimate total ingredients needed Ior
cake-baking, to estimate total amount oI cream Ior decoration.
Part II
Best Bakery shop received an order Irom your school to bake a 5 kg oI round cake as shownin Diagram 1 Ior the Teachers` Daycelebration.
(Diagram 11)

1)
II a kilogram oI cake has a volume oI 3800c
3
, and the height oI the cake is to be 7.0cm, calculate the diameter oI the baking tray
to be used to Iit the 5 kg cake ordered by your school.

|Use a 3.142|
Answer:
Volume oI 5kg cake Base area oI cake x Height oI cake

3800 x 5 (3.142)(
d
2
) x 7


19000
7
(3.142) (
d
2
)

863.872 (
d
2
)

d
2
29.392

d 58.784 cm

2)The cake will be baked in an oven with inner dimensions oI 80.0 cm in length, 60.0 cmin width and 45.0 cm in height.
a)II the volume oI cake remains the same, explore by using diIIerent values oI heights,hcm, and the corresponding values oI diameters oI the
baking tray to beused,d cm. Tabulate your answers



Answer:
First, Iorm the IormulaIor d in terms oI h by using the above Iormula Ior volume oI cake, V 19000, that is:

19000 (3.142)(d/2)h
19000
(3.142)h

d
4


24188.415
h
d

d
.
X


Height,h (cm) Diameter,d(cm)
1.0 155.53
2.0 109.98
3.0 89.80
4.0 77.77
5.0 68.56
6.0 63.49
7.0 58.78
8.0 54.99
9.0 51.84
10.0 49.18

(b)Based on the values in your table,
(i)state the range oI heights that is%suitable Ior the cakes andexplain your answers.
Answer:
h< 7cm is % suitable, because the resulting diameter produced is too large to fit into the oven. Furthermore, the cake would be
too short and too wide, making it less attractive.


(ii) Suggest the dimensions that you think most suitable Ior the cake. Give reasons Ior your answer.
Answer:
h 8cm, d 54.99cm, because it can fit into the oven, and the size is suitable for easy handling.

(c)
(i) Form an equation to represent the linear relation betweenhand d. Hence, plot a suitable graph based on the equation that you haveIormed.
|You may draw your graph with the aid oI computersoItware.|
Answer:
19000 (3.142)(
d
2
)h
19000/(3.142)h
d
4

24188.415
h
d
d
155.53
h

d .h
-1
2

log d log .h
-1
2

log d
-1
2
log h log 155.53
Log h 0 1 2 3 4
Log d 2.19 1.69 1.19 0.69 0.19

(ii)
(a) II Best Bakery received an order to bake a cake where the height oI the cake is 10.5 cm, use your graph to determine the diameter oI the
round cake pan required.
Answer:

h 10.5cm, log h 1.021, log d 1.680, d 47.86cm

(b) II Best Bakery used a 42 cm diameter round cake tray, use yourgraph to estimate the height oI the cake obtained.
Answer:
d 42cm, log d 1.623, log h 1.140, h 13.80cm
3)Best Bakery has been requested to decorate the cake with Iresh cream. The thicknessoI the cream is normally set to a uniIorm layer oI
about1cm
(a)Estimate the amount oI Iresh cream required to decorate the cake using thedimensions that you have suggested in 2(b)(ii).
Answer:

h 8cm, d 54.99cm
Amount oI Iresh cream VOLUME oI Iresh cream needed (area x height)
Amount oI Iresh cream Vol. oI cream at the top surIace Vol. oI cream at the side surIace

Vol. oI cream at the top surIace
Area oI top surIace x Height oI cream
(3.142)(
54.99
2
) x 1
375 cm

Vol. oI cream at the side surIace
Area oI side surIace x Height oI cream
(CircumIerence oI cake x Height oI cake) x Height oI cream
2(3.142)(54.99/2)(8) x 1
138.3 cm

ThereIore, amount oI Iresh cream 2375 1382.23 3757.3 cm

(b)Suggestthreeother shapes Ior cake, that will have the same height andvolume as those suggested in 2(b)(ii). Estimate the amount oI Iresh
cream tobe used on each oI the cakes.

Answer:


1 - Rectangle-shaped base (cuboid)











19000 base area x height
base area
19000
2

length x width 2375
By trial and improvement, 2375 50 x 47.5 (length 50, width 47.5, height 8)

ThereIore, volume oI cream
2(Area oI leIt/right side surIace)(Height oI cream) 2(Area oI Iront/back side surIace)(Height oI cream) Vol. oI top surIace
2(8 x 50)(1) 2(8 x 47.5)(1) 2375 3935 cm
- %riangle-shaped base









19000 base area x height
base area 2375
1
2
x length x width 2375
length x width 4750
By trial and improvement, 4750 95 x 50 (length 95, width 50)
Slant length oI triangle \(95 25) 98.23
ThereIore, amount oI cream
Area oI rectangular Iront side surIace(Height oI cream) 2(Area oI slant rectangular leIt/right side surIace)(Height oI cream) Vol. oI top
surIace
(50 x 8)(1) 2(98.23 x 8)(1) 2375 4346.68 cm

3 - Pentagon-shaped base







19000 base area x height
base area 2375 area oI 5 similar isosceles triangles in a pentagon
thereIore:
2375 5(length x width)
475 length x width
By trial and improvement, 475 25 x 19 (length 25, width 19)

ThereIore, amount oI cream
5(area oI one rectangular side surIace)(height oI cream) vol. oI top surIace
5(8 x 19) 2375 3135 cm

(c)Based on the values that you have Iound which shape requires the leastamount oI Iresh cream to be used?

Answer:

Pentagon-shaped cake, since it requires only 3135 cm of cream to be used.


Part III

Find the dimension oI a 5 kg round cake that requires the minimum amount oI Iresh cream todecorate. Use at least two diIIerent methods
including Calculus.State whether you would choose to bake a cake oI such dimensions. Give reasons Ior youranswers.

Answer:

ethod 1: Differentiation
Use two equations Ior this method: the Iormula Ior volume oI cake (as in Q2/a), and the Iormula Ior amount (volume) oI cream to be used Ior
the round cake (as in Q3/a).
19000 (3.142)rh (1)
V (3.142)r 2(3.142)rh (2)
From (1): h
19000
(3.142)r
(3)
Sub. (3) into (2):
V (3.142)r 2(3.142)r(
19000
(3.142)r
)
V (3.142)r (
38000
r
)
V (3.142)r 38000r
-1


(
dV
dr
) 2(3.142)r (
38000
r
)
0 2(3.142)r (
38000
r
) --~~ minimum value, thereIore
dV
dr
0
38000
r
2(3.142)r
38000
2(3.142)
r
6047.104 r
r 18.

Sub. r 18.22 into (3):
h
19000
(3.142)(18.22)

h 18.
thereIore, h 18.cm, d r (18.) 36.44cm

ethod : Quadratic Functions
Use the two same equations as in Method 1, but only the Iormula Ior amount oI cream is the main equation used as the quadratic Iunction.
Let I(r) volume oI cream, r radius oI round cake:
19000 (3.142)rh (1)
I(r) (3.142)r 2(3.142)hr (2)
From (2):
I(r) (3.142)(r 2hr) --~~ Iactorize (3.142)
(3.142)| (r
2h
2
) (
2h
2
) | --~~ completing square, with a (3.142), b 2h and c 0
(3.142)| (r h) h |
(3.142)(r h) (3.142)h
(a (3.142) (positive indicates min. value), min. value I(r) (3.142)h, corresponding value oI x r --h)

Sub. r --h into (1):
19000 (3.142)(--h)h
h 6047.104
h 18.

Sub. h 18.22 into (1):
19000 (3.142)r(18.22)
r 331.894
r 18.
thereIore, h 18. cm, d r (18.) 36.44 cm

I would choose not to bake a cake with such dimensions because its dimensions are not suitable (the height is too high) and therefore
less attractive. Furthermore, such cakes are difficult to handle easily.

FUR%R PLRA%I
Best Bakery received an order to bake a multi-storey cake Ior Merdeka Day celebration, asshown in Diagram 2.
The height oI each cake is 6.0 cm and the radius oI the largest cake is 31.0 cm. The radius oI the second cake is 10 less than the radius oI
the Iirst cake, the radius oI the third cake is10 less than the radius oI the second cake and so on.(a)
Find the volume oI the Iirst, the second, the third and the Iourth cakes. By comparingall these values, determine whether the volumes oI the
cakes Iorm a number pattern?Explain and elaborate on the number patterns.
Answer:

height, h oI each cake 6cm

radius oI largest cake 31cm
radius oI 2
nd
cake 10 smaller than 1
st
cake
radius oI 3
rd
cake 10 smaller than 2
nd
cake

31, 27.9, 25.11, 22.599.
a 31, r
9
10

V (3.142)rh
Radius oI 1
st
cake 31, volume oI 1
st
cake (3.142)(31)(6) 18116.77
Radius oI 2
nd
cake 27.9, vol. oI 2
nd
cake 14674.585
Radius oI 3
rd
cake 25.11, vol. oI 3
rd
cake 11886.414
Radius oI 4
th
cake 22.599, vol. oI 4
th
cake 967.995

18116.77, 14674.585, 11886.414, 967.995, .

a 18116.77, ratio, r %

%
1
%
3
%

. 0.81

(b) II the total mass oI all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg, calculate the maximumnumber oI cakes that the bakery needs to bake. VeriIy
your answer using othermethods.
Answer:
S
n

(a(1 - rn))
(1 - r)

S
n
57000, a 18116.772 and r 0.81
57000
(18116.772(1 - (0.81)n))
(1 - 0.81)


1 0.81
n
0.59779

0.40221 0.81
n


og
0.81
0.40221 n

n
Iog 0.40221
Iog 0.81




n 4.322

thereIore, n - 4


RFL%I
In the making of this project, I have spent countless hours doing this project.I realized that this subject is a compulsory to me.
Without it, I can`t fulfill my big dreams and wishes..
I used to hate Additional athematics.
It always makes me wonder why this subject is so difficult.
I always tried to love every part of it.
It always an absolute obstacle for me.
%hroughout day and night.
I sacrificed my precious time to have fun.
From..
onday,%uesday,Wednesday,%hursday,Friday
And even the weekend that I always looking forward to.





(Cover the top part oI the phrase '1 28ve 980
From now on, I will do my best on every second that I will learn Additional Mathematics
1 28ve 980
ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS