12.
2
*m
12.1 wtal4lr
3637 (Inner Product)
12.3 ' f f t G s T ~ ~
12.4 (Orthogonality)
12.5 FlTdT
12.6 Wf/V37
12.7 YlWldt
L
I
12.2 * (Inner Product)
I
I
W* * d
mtiitmmywm*
m.mrr*mmr+wwj:~
d21PJrm$JrRn-&?ni3~1
b* 3hi &3 W?i 1 W (XI,x2, x3) ( y ~y2,
, y3), R3
L
(XI,x2, X3). (y1, yz, y3) = X l Y l + xzyz + x3y3.
ii) W T < u , u > = O *xI2+x22+x?=o +XI = o , x ~ = o , x ~ = O , ~ ~
- - * m h ~ * * * * * * ~ * * ~
*I
.: u = 0.
**u= O*Xl = 0 = x2= Xj. :. < u , u > = o .
5 m 5 ~ ~ m 6 b < , > 1 ~ 2 + * 3 ; m * 1
m RnV7 WTV WkK (standard inner product) d 1
~ ~ ~ I P I - YI i Pa TS y ~ v ~w d & v y m t
~ ~ : W ~ ( v . < , > ) ~ ~ ~ * ~ , ~ ? r i r x ,, ~ * z
ff,F EC&M
4
) <ax'+py,z>=a<x,z>+p<y,z>.
8) < x , a y + p e > = a < x , y > + j i < x , z >
T) <O.x> =<x, O>=O.
V) <x-y,z>=<x,z>-<y,z>
3) <x.z>=<y,z>VzEV =x=y.
JwPir:viisi~*(F)dk(T)*~*,dk~dm~3~
**I
F) < a x + by, z > = < ax, z > + < py, z > UP3 %
=a<x,z>+p<y,z> (1~43)
II am: Ilxll = -./,
(nonnalised form) W& $1
* * x
(proportional)
*
x=cry~a€F*Ckpa:*0
Y .
8 *
~
'9Rz=a+ib€~,$
q) z ~ e m a m % ,
w~ez*!FGI*m.
%,
t) z + I = 2 R e z ,
rl) Rez < 121.
12.4 (Orthogonality)
7&F 7A * YTI'WIW (orthonormal) & 8 & ( ( x ( (= 1 V x E A.
n n 1
-
-2 P ai l, < Xi, xj >
, = I ,=I
wm m * m ~ m ~ v T r
y *
WrFfrbrq (v,, ...,v n ) , V T r mTl7tl
yr
~
m (w1,w2,..., w"]mJitit I
Sifi v 3 = C I W I + C ~ W Z+ w 3 , C I . CZ, cj EF.
m*d*dsm
9. Sm+l = CIWI + CZWI + ... + CmWm + Wm+1, = 0,..., II - I& mI
I -
< af, t,s > = $, (an) (x) g(~1) = fi= 1
-
aSf(xi)g(xi)
1
= V2 -
< VZ, W l > W l . ,
WZ
<WI, WI > /
3Fr < vz, W l > =<
i=v2,,41> =2 + 0 + 3 = 5.
*<wl,wl>= c l l , v , > = lo,mf$;llwlll =a
12.7 3-
3TimyVmf inner product
srim~* inner product space
mlr~r* orthonormal
ww
Wm
normalised form
norm
~~ unit vector
~frRv6 orthogonal
FhkmT orthogonality
P
i
fPs
r
m complex conjugate
