Lesson Embedded 1. What is a wave? 2. What is the wave ‘speed equation? 3. What is the Doppler effect? 4, What is the electromagnetic spectrum? 5. What is refiection? 6. What is refraction? 7. What is the critical angle? 8. What is sound? Topic 3a 32 38 34 38 36 37 38 39 3.10 at 3.14 315 3.16 37 318 319 320 321 3.22 323 P3. Waves Learning objective Before After Use the following units: degree (o), hertz (Hz), metre (m), metre/second (m/s) and second (6) Explain the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves. Know the definitions of amplitude, wavefront, frequency, wavelength and period of a wave. Know that waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter, Know and use the relationship between the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave: wave speed = frequency x wavelength, v= Use the relationship between frequency and time peri Use the above relationships in different contexts including sound waves and electromagnetic waves Explain why there is a change in the observed frequency and wavelength of a wave when its source is moving relative to an observer, ‘and that this is known as the Doppler effect. Explain that all waves can be reflected and refracted. Know that light is part of a continuous electromagnetic spectrum that includes radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray and gamma ray radiations and that all these waves travel at the same speed in free space, yuency = 1 / time period, f= 1/7 Know the order of the electromagnetic specturm in terms of decreasing wavelength and increasing frequency, including the colors of the visible spectrum. Explain some of the uses of electromagnetic radiations, including: radio waves broadcasting and communications, microwaves cooking and satelite transmissions, infrared heaters and night vision equipment, visible light optics fibers and photography, ultraviolet escent lamps, x-rays observing the internal structure of objects and materials, including or medical apy ing food and medi equipment. Explain the detrimental effects of excessive exposure of the human body to electromagnetic waves, including: microwaves internal heating of body tissue, infrared skin bur describe simple protective measures against the risks. Know that light waves are transverse waves and that they can be reflected and refracted. Use the law of reflection (the angle of incidence equais the angle of reflection) strate reflection and refraction. itraviolet damage to surface cells and blindness, gamma rays cancer, mutation and Draw ray diagrams to Practical: investigate the refraction of light, using rectangular blocks, semi-circular blocks and triangular prisms. Know and use the relationship between refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of refraction: n = sin i/ sin r Practical; investigate the refractive index of glass, using a glass block. Describe the role of total Explain the meaning of critical angle c. Know and use the relationship between critical angle and refractive index: sin ¢ = 1/n Know that sound waves are longitudinal waves which can be reflected and refracted. 1l reflection in transmitting information along optical fibers and in prisms.Knowledge organiser IGCSE Physics: 3. Waves Quantity Unit Wave speed. v mis (rs) Frequency, Heortisie4 Time pevod, T . Wavelength, x m Puier ‘Amplitude, A m Fler Refractive index, 9 Dimensions neelv=sini/sine sorradians Proractor orradéans sine= 1/1 Description hase) pats of a wave moving together Plane Afiat sutace Macium The matertala wave raves trough (99. a eck) Noma! eal image Visual image Frequency is how many waves ‘90 past a point each second, Wave speed is this troquency xthe wavelength ‘and leaves diferent media PARAS Frequency Is measured in Hz or waves per second. ‘wave due to relative motion. ‘The image in a plane mirrors Virtual, upright and laterally Wen the angi of ineidnce postr enti et angi teRevision Questions for Section 2 8) What isthe ciference between ac. and de? oa o oo ooo Waves Can Be Transverse or Longitudinal Most wnves oe TRANGVERSE: 1) ght and al ther EM saves (one p28.) Waves on cing. 2) Aoi ps0 wed up and down. 4) es on water Electrical Safety and Energy in Circuits (p.20-22) 10) 1 20 of charge are pat erin poi in 8 wir in 2 show much cue i Rowing? 0000 0 0 ooo000n00Wave Behaviour and EM Waves Uses of Electromagnetic Waves It aechuoeten! noe oes e sue The Doppler Effect Makes Waves Longer or Shorter 4) Th quency of Etat wi aaah he ee pce ~"Weves er iit — there's wo much you can do with » wove. Gols ew clover look a fhe uses of Ei Radio Waves are Used Mainly for Communications ‘Conaicted to oer pat (we pages 42-4) ofthe foe Infrared Radiation is Used for Heating and to Monitor Temperature20 a Uses of Electromagnetic Waves Dangers of Electromagnetic Waves “ht ight — ye ante pge onthe ue EM eas (tebe drei, Kong td wa in ‘iy, so you naw how wei eectromsgnetic radian oan be — well can es be petty anges {Go probaly be banned ove of hese day. sigh) The ined UR) range of equencias can make the eurace moos of any substance Bile tne mize hee eg ft Bot ned a os region 20 # earns more enargy than moron radiation. 1 Yh hursn posed to toa ch ara reiton, can une soe nasty SKM BURN. You can You chould waereuncorean with UV ters whenever you out nthe evn, 3 sen ot fan eet yr en en Section 3 —Waves2 Reflection and Refraction of Waves ‘A woven canbe fis refed. Refeoon happen when Bg ces of an even surface, tnd occurs whan a wen sows down spends up a sounder between ho mei Reflection of Light Lets Us See Things 1) Vila tc ornare weve (ee page 77, Hes EM woves 2) aflaction of vl hte what lowe u ove moet jets. ght bounes off them no our ays. 8) Who it reflect fram en ann aitine such uw pice of paper the bt seh sive) oir icagitienmeet | ipwrarivemnert | means a e Satie accoacierae TI ee ert ne ae De net tesa saat Fp bred dec Lager tl me ee een Waves Can be Refracted 1) Wave rove at ifrant apaade in eubetances which hove diferent darailis. EM wane hovel more (osc More About Refraction of Waves Didn't got your il of rftecion fram the lst page? 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