Lesson Embedded 1. What is energy? 2. What is efficiency? 3, What is Conduction? 4. Whats 65, Whats radiation? Embedded 6. How do we reduce energy ‘wanster? 7. What s work? 9. Whats kinetic energy? 10. How do relate Epand Ex? 11. What is power? Topic ar 48 4a 4.10 an 42 414 416 4a7 Before After rewton (N}, second (6) and watt (W) Describe energy tans fastic, thermal, magnetic, electrostatic, nuctear energy it and sound) Use the principle of conservation of energy. (0036) Including know and use the relationship efficiency, useful energy output and total energy output: efficiency = useful energy output / total energy out anstfer of the input energy n terms of the above relationshi lly of everyday and scientific devices and situations, explaining th representation by Sankey diagrams. Describe how therrral energy transfer may take place by conduction, convection and radiation. Explain the role of convection in everyday phenomena, Explain how emission and absorption of radiation are related to surface and temperature. Practical: investigate thermal energy transfer by conduction, convection and radiation Explain ways of reducing unwanted energy transfer, such as insulation, Know and use the relationship between work done, force and distance moved in the dection of the force: work done = force x distance moved, W = Fa now that work done is equal to energy transferred. fationship between change in gravitational potential energy, mass, gravitational field strength and change in height: change in nal potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength x height, AE» = mgAh Know and use the relationship: kinetic energy = ¥ x mass x speed?, Ek = Yarnv? Understand how conservation of energy produces a link between gravitat tal potential energy, kinetic energy and work. Describe power as the rate of transfer of energy or the rate of doing work. Use the relationship between power, work done (energy transferred) and time taken: power = work done / time taken, P = WitKnowledge organiser IGCSE Physics: 4. Energy resources and energy transfers Quentty Unit Joules, J or kg(m/ kinetic energy, Ex os joules, J or kg(N/ gravitational kg)m potential energy, E> power,P watt, Wor u/s (Js?) e joule, J iy watt, W PA eticenon net energy raters, ues, Jorkgmnest aE (kgmes-2 = mgdh P=Wh=Et W=Fd=AE Execties = Mt P=Wh=Et Patsctica = IV (96) = (100 x) W=Fd=AE ‘The energy an Ex = Yemve = mv2/2__ object has due to its motion The energy an object has due to its height The rate of transfer of energy Useful energy output Total energy input Useful power output Total power input How well a machine transfers energy The work done by an object is equal to the energy transferred Chemical, kinetic, thermal, magnetic, electrostatic, nuclear Energy stores: there are & ‘energy stores. ‘Thermal conduction is the process by which vibrating particles transfer energy from their E, store to the E; store of ‘neighbouring particles. ‘Shiny and white surfaces emit Mechanically, electrically, by heating, by radiation (light and sound) Energy transfers: there are 4 methods of transferring energy. fs bounces to half its height ie 150 % efficient. A Convection occurs when the ‘more energy particles move from the hotter region to the ‘cooler region. 3. two reduce energy transfor we keep the object the same ‘temperature. 7 ‘Movement means energy in an ‘objects kinetic energy store [As the object falls, it converts Ep into Ex and accelerates jem, ‘The width of the Sankey ‘diagram is proportional to the ‘nergy being transferred. ‘A more powerful lamp transfers ‘more energy per second: itis, brighter.38 Revision Questions for Section 3 Phew, hush, yay — made it tothe end ofthis section. Now it's tf got stuck nfo some revision quastons.. + Try these quctons and fick off each one whan you go ih. “+ When you've done lth qusetions fra topic and re comely happy with i, fk of the top Oo Gg Oo a oO o Qo o a 12} Draw edgar to chow the path oa ray of ih tht rl frm nt a rectangle bck of _ se. then ets the block beck info a on the other side (uee an angle of incidence larger than 0). [_) o o QO o a 18) Dette an eprinen o meas th saad of end i a Section 3 —Waves Section 4 Energy Resources and Energy Transfer 2 _Conservation of Energy ‘ara rom the Sun reaching Ewrth gh. There is a Principle of Conservation of Energy "or yo nf ey rs ee a A cant i ete coconut un ened onlay ‘on sown, without any instr bong exchanged wih the suroundnge. Most Energy Transfers Involve Some Losses, Often by Heating » ‘Another arian prninle you ned 4 know es‘You Need to be Able to Describe Energy 7: a {nthe exam, hay can ak you sbout vu desos oF ene learn the examples hare and on the st page — you need Yo rargy moves baheen stores diferent ouatoe ‘offen spreads out and becomes less concenireled — we say it dissipates ” 2) Recording oth princi of conteraton fanaa (6 page 99) the fia amount of We Generally Can't Do Anything Useful with Wasted Energy ‘The wasted ene tha’ output bya deve hanced fo ess useful stores — normally by ts aye the some 60 the anary it ther, but # un ey ue o cule corbin! or sound. A the energy onefered may fom the device fe suroundings, the tesa ity wanted by hat to the fo meieg] ernest, In card ny by Ia Sankey Diagrams Energy Transfer aes “hice anthar pportoty for @ MATHS qonson. Ferien Svar ob hatred 5: fom «Rater jc oe Bo beat prepare ger —hor’s wba howe Serie Sap l bout. The Thickness of the Arrow Represents the Amount of Energy ‘ho ea of Sask sara tsar! dans io mek ea lo soa nes how much of the nut segs bore lynn compared wit ow mach Bing st ‘Transfer by Heating can Happen in Th thicker the aro he move rary W represents SmaI =o you ee big tick sm gong, then eevee tls gre going of Yo chow the Geren ora restoration aking place proportonal fo the nonber of Judes repress Example — Sankey Diagram for a Simple Motor: ina yatta) teins — andere aaa way Sentiioegae cigars Tyinmi niin a B90“4 Convection ‘ass ed ius we wey ef ah aa — end hat allows them fo rane ney by conection. woh much noe pass ten contin Convection of Heat — Liquids and Gases Only Cacti sin sa aan tlds ote te pro ea nav (pt tm vr, pgs 4). The Immersion Heater Example deta Section 4 — Energy Resources and Energy Transler“6 a ‘Work and Power Kinetic and Potential ERBISY: Stores — ‘When hk of ana, |b fo sop mye om tng wet donning et ‘Work Done'is Just ‘Energy Transferred? Power is the ‘Rate of Doing Work’— i.e. How Much per Second sot agai! ll fing objects — it uoee48 4s Non-Renewable Energy and Power Stations Nuclear, Wind and Geothermal Power "Wel he'd have thought. ther’ energy king abt nie toms, on he Beez rl ‘Nuclear Reactors are Just Fancy Boi There re lore yes of eer scares. Tey if wo broad pes nsunble and e-eneunl [”Mantoneate gy sur Wt an Ot Oe Bay anc ens rs 48 3 Ente : 1) They wit al-tun at ne day. 1b) Thy al do damage fo the event, ‘Musa fl (0. uranium and putonum), ave p49, ©) But they Provide most of ur energie ‘Most Power Stations Use Steam to Drive a Turbine “Fossil Fuels are Linked to Environmental Problems uring fsa ful (al nslrl gap ond oa) causes «tof problems, miny oni But othe rcment we el rely on thm the ost Yo provide the energy needed to ADVANTAQED: ‘of buldng 2 powerplant soften high compared tothe amunt of energy we can ge oof 7) Bo there re vary few pases where thie seeme fo bean exonoie enon (or nxt Section 4 — Energy Resources and Energy Translor Section 4 — Energy Resources and Energy Transfer50 st Solar and Wave Power Generating Electricity Using Water __ Sunshine and waves —« perfect beach holdey AND two sources of re You Can Capture the Sun's Energy Using Solar Cells OLAR WATE oT Seder bang pr moe sa tan lo — ha ely | (mats) 7 Section 4— Energy Resources and Energy Transfer Section 4 —Energy Resources and Energy Transfer82 Section § — Solids, Liquids and Gases 53 Revision Questions for Section 4 Density and Pressure Ph. what raf, you've made othe end of yet ancther nice lng ection. Tis one's boon fi De Sai Unit Volume Oo oO Q Oo Oo o QO Q oO 0 Oo o tush the srr, at ler ih up nth mao han def the ah Seana ee epee) QO QO o 17) Deserve the anerzy heafrs hat take ple whan the flowing renewable re sre ad fo seer sotcy: ‘J get energy 8) wavet—_o) the fide oO 16) tae ne average and one andvantage for ech rasoures or meted in gueston 1. Bo Section 4 — Energy Resources and Energy TransferJe J 045 Buy Jo ABs9U9 JeNUaTOd jeuoNeWAeL6 ayy AIS [,01 x $°¢ si A610U9 2nEUPy SIY g qUIOd sayreaI By UaYM (2) ‘adojs a4 UMOp Wy S93e19]999e A!AeIB Jo BD105 ay, “LL ujod ye sa Woy sye3s JaKAs aU \ AQ J ‘adojs days Kuan e umop Bulpis N O€8 14BI9M Jo Jop}s e SMoys WeiBeIp Oy. “2% (sysew y = uosenb 403 }2301) = gndyno A6.9ue 3y61) ‘sn Jo sunoy 0°6 U! dwe| ayy Aq jndyno ABiaua 3YBy Jo uNoWe ayy azein>}e> '%0'S SI giNg 3461) ayy Jo Adua!sJa BYL “M ZS SI ging 3461) By) Jo JaMod ndu! YL ‘AB10U2 1461] OU} A619Ua [e>19I9 SYaAUOD SeWOY UI pasn ging Y61 V ‘10 SUOIISONO“429 By} Jo 9103S 3BUL} Buy 0} JoxJad ay) Jo B10} eI]WOYD ay} Woy) Atinyasn ABsoua siajsues y>|ym ‘jonad suing 4e> e Jo au|Bue aUL (a) Ajjesueyauw a Ae 2 0 uonelpes hq @ 6Bunesy Aq vO éS]22YM 57! 07 489 e Jo au|GuD a4) Wo, AlINJasN paisajsuey ABIBUA S! MOH (C) 'S pue y ‘0 ‘d SED Ino} seye6NSeAU! yUapNys y “pg SSou> & YM demsue meu unof yxeW UEY3 pue 5g Xoq 43 YBNo4Y3 euY] e 3nd ‘Aemsue Ue jnoge PUW 4nok aBueyp nok 31 *q 3224409 5] YUIYZ NOA Xoq e43 UI SsO4D e YIM UOIJSeNb ea JeEMsUY €0. (s\4eu! ¢ = uoRsenb 40; 12301) “= a2u0) ueaW “d 0} @ Woy SaAOU Ja!¥S 94) Se 92/0) |eUONNDLy URAL ayy aIeINDIe5 (1!) “aD40) U1 JO UO!DAJIP 24) Ul PaACW BDUE}SIP PUe 22/04 ‘UOP 910m UsaMIaq dIYsUO!IeIa/ a4} 2323S (1) “WEL SI d 0) @ WOU a2URISIP OYL “Uor14 0} anp d quiod ye sdoys saps aYL (a) ABiaua jenuayod jeuoneynes6 ‘ado}s ayy UO YON] OU 5} as943 aUuNsse pinoUs NO,paads winwiixew pue ssew "yndjno Jamod jnyasn uaanjag sdiysuoneja ayy ssnasip ‘a/qe} ayy Wo} UOWeLLIOsU! BuISn, 89 9221 861 Ss z St6 v6 4 ts tril 2 } ip tz iy d My ut pecs are oa anno samod i Inyesn ou6u3 “eyep 49y smous a1qe3 YL spaeds wnwxew Jrey pue SasseU J19U) ‘saU|GUa 41943 Jo yndyno Jamod jnjasn ay sp10d91 aus 'S pue y ‘O ‘d S129 10) eVep BuNDaII09 Aq UONBIASAAU! 19y spuaya qUApNys ay! (2) = Aouapyye ‘auiBua s,q 129 Jo Adualsyya aya aqein3|eD josyad aug Jo a1oys jes1Wey> 8u} Woy paxiaysuesy S| AB19Ud Jo [ OT x 0'Z ‘Poluad ayNuIW ST ayy BUN ({N!) andyno AByaua {e710} pue 3ndyno AByaue |njasn ‘ADUaIDyJ9 Buryul| ein} 943 2203S (1!) = andyno A6,aue |njasn ‘pouiad aynuiw ¢T e Bulinp aui6ua 5,4 4e9 Jo 3ndyno AGaua jnyasn ayy azeinD|e20 (!) “MA Li S| au|Gua 5,q 4e9 Jo ndyno samod injasn ayL's96e)5 aSaU} Je SA40]S ABJaUa UaaMyaq S1BJsUes} Se ||aM Se S2107s ABJ8Ue 0} 19J94 Pinoys No, 4004, ua UY Sey y Jaye 03 paddoup s} YBnop ayy UaYM Woy adeid Bure) suaJsUeN AB1OUa ayy aquUISEG “punogas you saop pue Jooy a43 S314 UBNop Jo |1eq BUL (a) =ad9 Jooy ayy anoge s} 3] UaYM YBnop Jo |Jeq BU} U! paoys (345) AByoUA jeNWUa}Od jeuoNeyAeI6 U! aseasoU! ay} aze|N2|e> uz ‘ybnop “‘4ooy ayy anoge WD ZG JO IYBIaY & Je play ‘6 OG Sew Jo ‘yBNop Jo jJeq e SMoys WesBeIp aU (e) “vd (syzew TT = uoRsanb 404 12301)-dno ayy moys Yjoq WesBeIp uo|ADas-ssou9 pue YdeBoyoyd ayy JOY AULP 843 daay 0} pauBisap dnd e ul yuUIp au sINd oH juUp yoy e sexe Jeyseay y sO (syzew Z = uoysenb 405 12301) Jooyy 243 au Sey YGNop ayy s2ye « 400y 243 SI1Y YENop ay} as0jaq ysNI « paddoup s} yBnop ay aoyaq «“yamsue sno ul Jaysues ABaua Jo spoyjaW 04 19J9y oy JuUP ay sdaax dno ayy Jo UBisap ay} Moy Ule|dx3 {r--"\ a> ens sauU | \\ feyous Auiys fA Senn Jeng, \\ > teyaw Auys \t \\ \| \\ winnoen \ a“yeys je2,4aA ayy Jo doy ayy ye aNjen 51] 0) paredwo> uaym awues ayy SKejs Jo sasealzap ‘SaSeasDU! g JBUBeU jo 2103 pee Ul ABs0Ud Jo UNCLE ayy JayISYM MOYS 0} S9XOg 99.1109 BY U! (A) S¥DN INd “g yauBeW Uy sai0)s A619Ua Atos smoys a/qe3 a4, “uMoYS Uo}y!Sod 843 3 UleBe 3S9J 07 LOD 07 1! Bu|sNe> y JaUBew kg parjada: si g Ube "3884 Wo) 1 Saseafey pue YeYs [eI!1aA auy Jo do} ay) Ie g aUBEW sa2eId uapMs Y “YeYS [EDA ayy Jo Woy}oq a4} edu Yoddns e uo sysau y JeUBEW (e) LydesBoroyg yioddns y yeubew. gieubew yeys jeonuan “YeyYs /221U9A e UO syauBew om} sey Ao} BU *Ao} $,pI1y> @ smoys T Ydes6oy0ud 90 (sqseu 9 = uoRsenb 405 12301)pauinbay uawidinba Buunseaw ayy « 03 49494 pinoys nos ‘samsue sNoA u} pappe aie SesseW a10W se sabueY> aoueys|p 943 Moy 89s 03 UO!JeBASAAU! Ue yno SaLLIED aH "sasealdap sjauBew ayy usamjaq eoueysip ayy Jeuy saviesgo pue y JoUBeW! anoge Aseuone3s si 3! uaym g JaUBeUW Jo doy uo ssew 6 OT e sppe quapnys ay, (2) “a yeubew uo Gun2e 32104 19430 ay MoYs 0} WeJGEIp ayy UO Mowe pallaqe| Jay}OUe mesg “umous Si g JauBeW Uo Bune s9210) ay o BuO | yraubew WA i 2.27.) gyeubew | ‘anu0y uo}sjndaa >peubew “T ydesGoroyd ul umoys Ao} ayy Jo WeiBelp e s! si, (q) onaury onaubew! Jeuonewaes6 atp skers saseaeg seseasul gyeuBew uy a10}s A6s0uzZT ydesboj0yg yieubew qaeubew - Deubeut “YeUs 1e9N19A By} 0} UO > yaUB]W sppe Udy) aH “g youbew Woy sassew ay) sanowial yuapnys ayL (P) “~JaMSUE INOK day 07 WesBeIp e Mes ACW NOA BeP B43 Jo Ariqenas ayy x9949 03 AEMe sojgeuien quapuadep pue quapuadapul ayy «wo. paseas3ap S! 9210 94) UDYM DBueYD |}IM UO|SUa}XS a4} MOY MOYS 0} DUI] JYJOUE YEAS (1!) Buds a4) Jo WUH!] 2seI9 34 MOUS 0} aU) 243 UO SsoID e MEIC (!) a4 « : oO uossuayg “uoNy2as panind e puke VoNDas IYBleNs e sey aul) ay, Wul| 2352/9 $31 Sed papuayxs ud—q sey Buuids ay yeUy smoys Ydes6 ey] UO DUI] O4L “Buds 8y) 0} paljdde s} 2240) & UayM saLIeA BuLuds e jo uo}suayxe ay Moy Smoys Ydes6 aYL (e) “Buuds e Buryoqa.ys ynoge s| uonsanb siyL “10 (sysew ET = UoRsenb 40; 12301) pasea.dep sey g yeuBbew pue y yeUBeW UdaMyaq aoueysIP a4} AYm Ule|dxg Be 3S, 7e SI}! |gUN yeys ay; UMOP JauLny snow g yUBew ‘pappe s! 3 aUBeW UayM yeu sMoYs Z YdesBOI0Ud-‘uinBuad e syuasaidas aqny ys0) y>eg “smyesedde siyy sasn ays “sdnou6 ul 4943260} pod ayy Uaym payaye s! uInBued e jo aunjeiadwiay ayy Moy ae6)3saAU! 07 Sue jUapnas v (e) suin6uad Auew jo sdnou6 ut J043@603 pmour osje suin6uad "3. 6€ JO ainyeiaduiay Apog yueysUOD e UIE IUIEW 07 WAY? djay suonerdepe ay, “SUo!|PUO> pjo> UI AAIAINS 0} paydepe aie suInbUag (sew g = uosenb 404 12301) uoneipes Aq Aujeaiueysous Buleay Aq Ayjeaure}a “80 ao ao vo {Guuds 243 0} pasajsues ABsOUa SIU S! MOH (1!) “}UdI| D19Se|9 Sz! Yea, Jou Sa0p Buds 043 ownssy ‘paysIas 5} 3] UBYM saseasoU! Buds ayy Jo a107s AGUA YDIYM A325 (1) (4) ‘0 0) 49eq aNjen WnwIxeW 33!Puy “319e} 494 0) s6ulpeay aiqeuins ppy °S}[NS@J JY P10I4J 0} B/Ge] e SMEJP JUBPNIS ay (|!) ‘S@INUIU S| 40} EVeP P10da ‘aqna 35a) aJ6uys pue agni say app oy WU! siayaWOUNEL Ind Saqny 358) |] U! Ja1eM Jo sAWNJOA jenba arejd aynuny Aana sainyeiaduiay atp ayer z 3.06 03 110M By eIY L sayya6or saqm sai / ant 53qn1 1591 OM BY Jo aIMeIadWaH ayy ayer 8 ajqe) e Ul eep ayp piovar 29p19 squeweres “NOK 404 @uop uBaq aney aLIOS “sexoq ayy BuLequunu hq Japi0 ye1109 ay OW! WALA Ind “4aps0 BuoiMm ay} U! ase syuaWaze}s ay) “asn pinoys ays poyyaw ayy aquosap sjuawiayeys asa (1) uinbued suinBuad ¢ Gus e squasaidas Jo ajppny e squasaidas [fh eam aso ajous seqniisai se}QWIOWEY JaoWOWDyDaunyesodway Apog qUe}SuO> e UleyU!eW 0} SUINBuad djay JeUY SuoNeIdepe omy ale a19H (Q) “uaysuen A6saua jewuaUy ynoge seap! Bulsn uo!TDIPpeud anok uJe|dxa (A) ‘mojaq Saxe ay} asn pue jaqe7 “uleygo jm quapnys By} }DIPad NOK syjnsay ayy Jo Ydeb YDIeys e MeIG (Al) *saqny 4s2} Jo dnou6 ayy 10) aBuey> aumeradusey ayy Woy JayIp |JIM 2g} 3Sa} a/GuIs ayy 405 @BUEY> aunjeradwuay a4] MOY I>1PALd_(|!!)(syzeui 9T = Uosanb 404 |e301) + srayjeay Bulddepeno 3e14 ye} Jo suakeq ‘aumesaduiay Apoq JUe}su0d & UleqUIEW 0} sUINBuad diay sinyea) asau AYM Ue|dxa ssoyjeas Bulddeyiano yey aney Kaul 18} JO SuBKe] YIM Pa1aNOd ave SaIpoq 414) JO ISOM «