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Title: Testing of Bituminous Mixture

Series: Bituminous Materials and Mixture Sub-Series
Four test procedures
 IMMERSION
COMPRESSION
TEST
 SIGNIFICANCE AND USE

This test method is useful as an indicator of

the susceptibility to moisture of compacted
bitumen-aggregate mixtures.
 REQUIREMENTS
TEST
TESTS REQUIREMENTS
METHOD

IMMERSION/COMPRESSION TEST, KPA

DRY 1400 MIN

AASHTO
T165
WET -

INDEX OF RETAINED STRENGTH, % 70 MIN

Apparatus needed :Molds

The apparatus to be used are the following:

Molds, Collar, Supports or Two Arched Steel Plates,
Bottom Plunger, Top Plunger and Injection Bar
Testing machine

Testing Machine
Oven

Oven capable of being set

to maintain any desired
temperature from room to
Water bath capable of maintaining a temperature of 25±1 0C,
Balances,
Spatulas,
and Timer
Place in large pan

Place the bituminous mix in a

large flat pan and warm to
110±5 0C until it can be
handled or mixed.
Scrape the sample with a scoop or shovel from the bottom to top
at 180 degrees from each other and reduce the required size by
Reduce size of sample
remixing or quartering.
Weigh 2000 g. of sample

Weigh at least
2000 g of the
sample.

- Note that the

mass of the mix
is dependent on
the required size
of the cylindrical
specimen, 4" x 4".
Place sample in oven

The bituminous mix shall be brought to a

molding temperature of a temperature
slightly above 3 to 5 0C compacting temperature
Wipe molds and plungers

Wipe the molds and plungers with

a clean cloth with few drops of oil
on it.
Place ½ of mixture in cylinder

As soon as the
materials have
reached the required
temperature, place
one-half (1/2) of the
mixture in the
pre-heated molding
cylinder.
(at least 2 hrs. in an
oven maintained at
0
93.3 - 135 C)
 With the
Bottom plunger in place
bottom
plunger in
place and the
molding
cylinder
supported
with
two arched
steel plates .
 Spade the mixture vigorously 25 times with 15 of the blows
delivered around the perimeter of the mold to reduce
Spade the mixture
honeycombing, and the remaining ten at random over the mixture
Transfer quickly the remaining half

Transfer quickly the remaining half of the mixture to the

molding cylinder and repeat similar spading action.
Use of spatula

The spatula should penetrate the mixture as deeply as possible.

Compress mixture

Compress the
mixture between
the top and bottom
plungers with an
initial load of 150
psi (1 MPA) to set
the mixture against
the sides of the
molds.
 Remove the support bars to permit
full double-plunger action and apply
the entire molding load of 3000 psi
(20.7 MPA) for 2 minutes.
 Remove specimen from mold

Then, remove
the specimen
from the mold
with an ejection
device.
Make 4 specimens

Make at least six (6) specimens.

Oven cure specimen

After removal from the mold, specimens shall be oven-cured at

0
60 C for 24 hours and allow to cool at room temperature.
4th test : Bulk Specific Gravity

BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OF COMPACTED BITUMINOUS
MIXTURES USING SATURATED
SURFACE – DRY SPECIMEN
 After molding and curing the test specimens,
you are now ready for the next test procedure,
"BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF COMPACTED
BITUMINOUS MIXTURES USING SATURATED
SURFACE-DRY SPECIMENS." It is used in
calculating the unit weight of the mixture and
the degree of compaction of the pavement
 You need
the
following
apparatus
in
conducting
the test:
Balance,
Water bath,
and Timer.
 To perform the
Test procedures: Determine mass of
test, you do the
following:
specimen
Determine the
mass of the
specimen in
air and
designate as, A.
 Immerse specimen in water

Immerse the
specimen in
0
water at 25 C
for 3 to 5
minutes and
record the
immersed
mass, C.
 Remove the specimen
from the water, surface
Remove specimen and dry dry by blotting with a
damp towel or cloth, and
determine the surface
dry mass, B.
Formula : Bulk Specific Gravity, Gmb
Bulk Specific A
Gravity, Gmb =
B-C

where:
A = weight in air, g
B = weight of saturated surface-dry
specimen in air, g
C = weight in water, g
No. AIR WATER SSD S.G.

1 1223.3 722.4 1225.3

2 1218.0 715.4 1220.4

3 1224.1 723.3 1225.9

4 1224.0 720.0 1226.9

5 1231.4 725.7 1233.6

6 1224.4 721.6 1224.9

No. AIR WATER SSD S.G.

1 1223.3 722.4 1225.3 2.43

2 1218.0 715.4 1220.4

3 1224.1 723.3 1225.9

4 1224.0 720.0 1226.9

5 1231.4 725.7 1233.6

6 1224.4 721.6 1224.9

No. AIR WATER SSD S.G.

1 1223.3 722.4 1225.3 2.43

2 1218.0 715.4 1220.4 2.41

3 1224.1 723.3 1225.9

4 1224.0 720.0 1226.9

5 1231.4 725.7 1233.6

6 1224.4 721.6 1224.9

No. AIR WATER SSD S.G.

1 1223.3 722.4 1225.3 2.43

2 1218.0 715.4 1220.4 2.41

3 1224.1 723.3 1225.9 2.44

4 1224.0 720.0 1226.9

5 1231.4 725.7 1233.6

6 1224.4 721.6 1224.9

No. AIR WATER SSD S.G.

1 1223.3 722.4 1225.3 2.43

2 1218.0 715.4 1220.4 2.41

3 1224.1 723.3 1225.9 2.44

4 1224.0 720.0 1226.9 2.41

5 1231.4 725.7 1233.6

6 1224.4 721.6 1224.9

No. AIR WATER SSD S.G.

1 1223.3 722.4 1225.3 2.43

2 1218.0 715.4 1220.4 2.41

3 1224.1 723.3 1225.9 2.44

4 1224.0 720.0 1226.9 2.41

5 1231.4 725.7 1233.6 2.42

6 1224.4 721.6 1224.9

No. AIR WATER SSD S.G.

1 1223.3 722.4 1225.3 2.43

2 1218.0 715.4 1220.4 2.41

3 1224.1 723.3 1225.9 2.44

4 1224.0 720.0 1226.9 2.41

5 1231.4 725.7 1233.6 2.42

6 1224.4 721.6 1224.9 2.43

Sort each set of six specimens into two equal groups so that the
specific gravity in Group 1 is essentially the same as in Group 2.
Group 4 specimen into two
No. S.G. AVERAGE
1 2.43
2 2.41 2.43
3 2.44
4 2.41
5 2.42 2.42
6 2.43
No. S.G. AVERAGE

1 2.43

4 2.41 2.42

6 2.43

2 2.41

3 2.44 2.42

5 2.42
Group 1 or Dry Stability

In Group 1 or Dry Stability (2,3,5), bring the test specimens to

room temperature for not less than four hours and determine
their dry stability.
 Test the specimens in axial compression
without lateral support at a uniform rate of vertical deformations
Test specimen in axial compression
of 0.05in./min.in. (0.05mm/min.) of height, For specimen 4 in.
(101.6mm) in height, use a rate of 0.2in./min (5.08mm/min).
 Group 2 or Wet Stability

In Group 2 or Wet Stability (1,4,6), immerse the test specimens in

0
water for 24 hours at 60±1 C. Then, transfer them to the second
0
water bath maintained at 25±1 C and store them for two hours
Determine wet stability

Determine now the wet stability of the specimens.

Formula : Index of Retained Strength,%
Index of S2
retained = x 100
S1
strength, %

Where :
S1 = dry stability, kpa
S2 = wet stabilty, kpa
 LOAD,KPA LOAD,KPA
3210
DRY 3300 3253.33
3250
2280
WET 2300 2291.67
2295

IRS = (2291.67/3253.33) X 100

IRS = 70.44%
 LOAD,KPA LOAD,KPA
3350
DRY 3420
3400
2400
WET 2500
2450

IRS = (WET/DRY) X 100

IRS = ____%
 LOAD,KPA LOAD,KPA
3350
DRY 3420 3390.00
3400
2400
WET 2500 2450.00
2450

IRS = (WET/DRY) X 100

IRS = 72.27%