166 2. No haked lights, o smoking must be allowed in the battery room. 3. All ventilator caps in the battery must allow gas to escape or be removed during charging period. ‘The fumes from lead-acid cells are very corrosive so that any metalwork in the vicinity of the cells should be protected by a coat of acid-resistant bitu- mistic paint. The terminals of cells should be kept lightly coated with petroleum jelly (or a suitable proprietary compound) in order to prevent corro~ Sion. The outside of the cell should also be kept clean and dry. Tn cases of burns or spills, the following neutra- lising agents should be available: 1, boric acid for accidents with alkaline cells, 2 washing soda and ample water for accidents with lead-acid cells. Be fighig equipment mus also be readily avail- ‘Containers for mixing electrolyte must be of the non-corrosive type, all tables and stands should be Iead-covered and suitable protective clothing, such as rubber aprons and gloves should be worn. In ‘dition, separate hydrometers should be used for Specific gravity tests on lead-acid and nickel- kaline cells. phase i Tost ek Electrical installation Emergency power stand-by _ supplies a Certain installations, such as cinemas, public build {ngs and hospitals have statutory regulations which ings Mthat in the event of a mains power failure, {have must be a stand-by source of electric power. “This supply can be provided by ns supply from the soph ly 1. an alternativ Juthority, that is, it can be switched to anot feeder cable direct from the substations 2. a diesel, petrol or gas-fuelled engine to drive an alternator or a d.c. generator; 3. a battery system connected to a thyristor con- yertor to give an a. supply; 4, a battery system to supply dic. only, where this supply is suitable; 5. lighting fittings which, for emergency lg only, can be obtained with a built-in battery an thyristor-inverter and change-over switch, so that they automatically change over to this power pack on failure of supply. During the Eupply-on period, the battery is trickle-charged from the mains. These are known as self contained luminaires and are quite expensive, When a diesel, gas or petrol engine is used, the ‘engine will take some time to run up 10 speed, so that there is a delay of two or three minutes before the supply is restored. The engine can be st automatically by the switching of a starter motor roe ‘supply i kt al ew ot nage tse corte coal tage poet [ LAT iret omer ey be sed & & Zz nose boo) sumer batery Figure 9.24 Engine (prime mover) stand-by supply.Special installations and bates « supply fails, but there must bea delayed ‘of the load to the generator until the sees up 10 speed. Ie cans alternatively, be #64 manually, in which ease the delay willbe ipger. See Figure 9.24. Math the stand-by battery system, the change- yer will be almost instantaneous. During the poly-on period, it must be ensured thatthe ba- sere kept in a fully charged condition from a mins rectifier set ote: In all battery installations, good ventilation ind acid-proof surfaces are necessary and there must be no naked flames (see ‘Battery main- cena!) ave nite Emergency lighting Thisis divided into two categori non-maintained. See Figure 9.25. maintained and Maintained. To mains supply To emergency supply ‘emergency and mains supply on together Non-maintained Siete {a —to . emergency To mains supely samp temergency supply wien mains supply fis Separate emergency lighting 4 ghtng Tome [rote 7 oe oo To enone ee Figure 9.25 Emergency lightina SYS 167 Maintained lighting Thisis an inion rear required for buildings suct cine and operng tates whee Ee a ate on the premises, andthe emergency lighting is on all the time whether the mains have file or not. Tt usually consis of two lps inthe same fing each connected os own deren supply Non-maintained lighting This is used where the emergency lighting is only supplied when the mains supply fails [Bi CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING © Hazardous areas include placed, where flam snable, explosive liquid, vapours or dusts are pres- ent. 0 In hazardous areas, solid drawn conduit, MIC, frmoured cables fitted with flameproof temmina- tions should be used, where practicable switchgear ‘should be installed in clean areas, @ Some hospital areas where ether vapours and rubber sees (ees) present require the tse of non-spatk switches. aceon horticultural premises need non: 9 Fath types of instalatons, manly the 5 of PVC conduits and acessories, where possible out Fy thr of livestock andy Where ees)» Pro tected against damage. fe Electric fences use vol uration that are non-leth SF Cathodic protection inv tage pulses of very short ves passing curent in econ otha ick ol . OF (oeunderground pipewod exo, anodes) pres ar, ug ond roe # x aN acre or ose he re —. aoe ejouds, to avoid damage (0 ulna btm cui ocak wiring sy we opensicuit wiring oF my way Lonion ci wary buzzes and se inde ul ae zo used; Automat fre entre ampere changes oF OMe exe ets and ae infeed of u-vlet bution Pe decors wse pressure pat itor cays. vet pronmiy swtees, PIR radiation. Sg dng of alarm crete shoul be spurte wing Chg cteuits, se of compartments in from oho Sng sysems and preferably of low voltage.