Lab Report 1

Measurement

Name: Tan Bo Boon Experiment Date: 21.09.2011
Partner`s Name: AzIar Asadullah
Lab Section: 4

Result and Discussion




Part A

Temperature (C)
1 Tap Water 23
2 Boiling Water 100
3a Ice Slush 3
3b Ice Slush Sodium Chloride -1

What is the purpose of adding Sodium Chloride?
Sodium chloride is added to include impurities in the water, thus bringing the melting
or Ireezing point oI the water lower.




















Part C

Measured weight
(g)
Weight of 10 ml water
(g)-show Calculation
Average weight for 10
ml water (g)
Beaker 60.46 -- --
Beaker (1
st
) 10 ml
water
(graduated cylinder)
70.13

(70.13-60.46)

9.67

Beaker (2
nd
) 10 ml
water
(graduated cylinder)
79.83 (79.83-70.13)

9.70
(9.679.709.70)
3
9.69
Beaker (3
rd
) 10 ml
water
(graduated cylinder)
89.53 (89.53-79.83)

9.70

Beaker (1
st
) 10 ml
water
(volumetric pipet)
70.34 (70.34-60.46)

9.88

Beaker (2
nd
) 10 ml
water
(volumetric pipet)
80.11 (80.11-70.34)

9.77
(9.889.779.70)
3
9.78
Beaker (3
rd
) 10 ml
water
(volumetric pipet)
89.81 (89.81-80.11)

9.70



Which measurement provides a more accurate measurement? Explain why?
The volumetric pipet yields a more accurate measurement as the volume oI water obtained is
closer to the desired 10ml.

Which measurement is more precise? Explain your answer.
The volumetric pipet is more precise as the three measurements deviate less Irom each other
in comparison to using the graduated cylinder.


Discussion:

1. In this experiment, in order to avoid errors that might aIIect the outcomes, certain
precautions have been taken. The two major errors that can occur in this experiment
are zero error and parallax error. To avoid zero error which may happen when taking
weight oI water droplets and copper weights, we calibrated the electronic scale to zero
every time beIore we take any readings. As Ior parallax error, the error is mitigated by
ensuring that our eye level is same as the level oI the lower meniscus.

2. In this experiment, accuracy can be deIined as how close a measurement is to the true
value oI the measured quantity while precision can be deIined as how closely two or
more measurements oI the same quantity agree with each other.

3. In part (a), while the temperature observed Ior tap water and boiling water agreed
with the expected value, this was not the case Ior ice water. The temperature oI tap
water was observed at 23C can be attributed to the temperature oI the lab at that
moment. However, the temperature oI ice water was observed as 3C. This deviation
Irom its theoretical value which is 0C may be attributed to the ice used was taken
Irom tap water, thus may contain impurities which can aIIect the melting point oI the
ice and thereIore the temperature oI the ice slush.

4. In part (c), three measurements were taken and the average calculated is to reduce the
probability oI error Ior a particular measurement.

5. The experiment should be repeated iI the readings vary greatly so that a more accurate
and precise readings can be obtained.



Conclusion:
!art A:
In this experiment, the temperature oI water is shown can be measured by using
thermometer.

!art C:
Volumetric pipet is more accurate and precise in measurement compared to graduated
cylinder.