Light Sources of light Objects that produce their own visible light are called Selfluminous sources E g : The

e Sun, the stars, the filament of a bulb, hot gases in a flame Objects that do not make their own light, but are visible because they reflect light from luminous source are called Non- luminous sources Eg:- The: moon, book, chair, paper We see the lamp by the light it emits; we see the book by the light it scatters. Some surfaces are better at reflecting Light than others. White surfaces reflect a high proportion of light where as black surfaces reflect hardly any light Light which is not reflected are either absorbed, or in the case of transparent material like glass, it is transmitted Glass is transparent, greaseproof paper is translucent The direction of the path in which light is travelling is called a Ray. This is represented by a straight line with an arrow head. A beam of light comprises of a large number of individual rays.

It could be Parallel

Converging

Diverging.

Reflection Bouncing back of light from a surface is known as Reflection Most surfaces reflect light in all directions

Nature of light Light transfers energy from one place to another Light is a form of radiation which can be detected by human eye Light is a form of wave motion Light travels in a straight line Light can travel through vacuum at a speed of 3 x 108 Light is an electromagnetic Light is a transverse wave

Very smooth surfaces like mirrors, polished metal or glass reflect light in a regular manner and the reflection is described as regular

Light reflected from rough surfaces like sheet of paper is scattered in all directions and the reflection is described as Diffuse. Most of the objects being rough are seen by diffuse reflection and this helps reduce glare often caused by regular reflection from a mirror If the surface does not reflect any light at all, it looks dull black When a ray of light strikes a reflecting surface it is reflected as shown in the figure below

LAWS OF REFLECTION The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection The incident ray, the reflected ray and the Normal lie on the same Plane

EXPERIMENT TO ILLUSTRATE THE LAWS OF REFLECTION

Apparatus: White paper, Protractor, Plane mirror, Ray box

Procedure I The ray of Light striking the surface is known as the Incident ray The ray of light leaving the surface after reflection is known as the Reflected ray The point at which the ray of light is incident on a surface is known as the Point of incidence The line drawn at right angles to the surface at the point of incidence is known as the Normal The angle between the incident ray and the Normal is called the Angle of incidence The angle between the reflected ray and the Normal is called the Angle of reflection Draw a Line AB on the paper and mark point C, the point of incidence Using a protractor, mark angle of incidence = 30, 40' and 50' Place a plane mirror vertically on line AB Adjust the ray box so that a narrow beam of light travels along the Line where, i = 30' Mark the path of the reflected ray with crosses Draw the reflected ray and measure the angle of reflection The experiment is repeated for various angles of incidence to obtain the corresponding angles of reflection

Conclusion

Angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane