| “i nn | = (3,45), genera Gren Real nes, &® a RE = a(t, oot BCD) 110) + c (0,0, } E } 42. In Po CB?) the see fl 2 272 SH embat y, oe ! To > pou: degree Rip cet of reat noWzyd. « ie 4 I “ty oe Py te)= § arba+4et 52 cubie poeynennns [4 3a 20% 40? its ‘ ! 8n gener C.d.0) va 910A 438 ats Sy | Ba a 03% 00%} a4 Sa sen .cgies eh, 4 { peste ¥ . in eanty Independent 2 ath al ann. ox +02> ike | Wee ys OF LOR 402? " Lia) 4 egg tes Uh? t 3 of ony oni 17 6 0 °unit mate bas Aa]. 7 apt Ae! ‘ho ee oY tule le 0) Nase, a a e ea (e)= ay ta Bt 97% 9¢ 2% fy q Mf [ay ,as, a3 84460 “aC a2 Ct) aycp) 7 tha, en » an ci) Ly a eae... a> eed bagu aT fo an Bi gear Combina to « a ee) poeeg 0382902) NY F { Ma RB vy Get BRD MaAbh t= BD Real na6 p> mabTr. Bete) fie *) [ oseaee'y, Pe ages veEEDE dzeprt> § = 0 ‘ll sino ‘here Gee ne ! Listy gaat roe s og out anh 29K sabe tem Baye fe bhi). var commpinatTors * Could be unitten dene Po ae ga die Deer conics |r vopfeaelesd aha | 4 ° a b ibe Witten & Ce Ht) “ (: sae inear Gite binarhoy, ne a ~ — peberrtine % fas 4 clr: sey dimension “« |, Ye ks aa 5 f Minin (6) tet €% denote the mali whose nls. 1 } Mon- Zw entry a) vy the Taw gj inet.) hen prove bee ? EU petem,sjfeny ba tasu fF Mean (p, 52 ¥ . v dim¥) ¢ Pet ce Ge” Mari? gays? matices Ky. mate By fed eee [ies] ees) eth ast he vector spact {oy fas ducaeal 216 “Jagyn | joc ek een dimension mal §41,/ 2 ») ies ct aaa + Nhmoxa (£? has djroeh st ve ; " yf Siero has na over ye conp lee Nos a econ 1 ee nc gue Ove fice 4 fad nos the wecbr me dent die, ‘Son 8)5 where. debe! Fil 5 5 f fon ary as at as) € FFfatastas = 0,03- 44) s i tne dimension of W Where 5 us {Car ta 209104 wyasso} | ge lr oth, fo, t=) Ye, de ataste of : Aint) = % pure He ass & dimension of homegenaous vim» protethan ea) > afr of Con tn Beene: Ste ng pares Ue | eet ts BGR 223 Ag F ATW EH cee)Rs > Baths | Rg 2 2- Ro * Doon to Atl ending on Gores Zap Rig 2 BRA Re | scher# - ¥ Ras Rot Gq ue > gow echton fom. 4 +%2-2239-26 20 = Fi) stake 3th 6 0° ee 2 8g 4325-0 ° + bys: ; t- 4 ee 4g +45 = ddentify ree Vanaues, - Ch) No. of Voniabtess 5° % 4 CW No! oLegns 2 3.o a 4 ae mn wm A Nant) nto a B,-.| * ‘ _e a mr ~ ty - Bd 9 pirat variates eoicaarta AU peel we ove peyote? sh Yt, ag. depend OM free renee spat, FAEO He tHE an 6, Gi “hae rin ita oo (nee | “ ayae =a). -\7° -344 = © para a Atte Ae) - en ye I. yt Ws 4 ae felted) © y, —- w Basis 2 4 (-ty1, 0,0) 0 ae foamy Ces fo vines cr in az (eb4. Fee vamaltes 2 Cob rer ae a oo ated ra leavo SRT tviero o> yond o acge. ae inean Transfiematton- het vg Ww be Vetter spac oy T. We Hinear foansfrmaton fron vtow Ur cot aw Uy eY con ( ary aieT (24+ TDe7 P Tay) = 19+ tly) Sed oe a re pH ; ‘ then “1? Saved | Nore: Spit safe above ten condone ie minced —— these two eds vay that Sr preccanee, adding A eton : Boc.' T "preserves alge bat vate Cer an) Two condens aa can. be combined into ing ‘sonidtrr 8s a gr fy aioe dejo | A Ranction V2H ie tones transforma tion of vinto wip 1 (x2epy)e ATID+ PTD PEND SBR ne T fe dined Bren T{x-4)= Tey Thy) gr all HY Give ; eh et T & Drn'eoe (fh for my. 2 7 OY ty By 52-05-00. ee [o Bers o t[ ean | a pee - a ie ay ev N 7 si Linear if Bony i Ace. 6T! 1 is Hineos ERE ae defined E> GIS ~ 1+ 2 "3 oo . ! T lay 42)= pee (tata). SS al yea_ T(Ch4ar, Cbarday, (OD (chtdn Chaka). ypu ay van 3 2(@ CenysdiAebardds Ch gary 9 © Bayteayay, © stn Ath om ade oye ON das ad us- eros ry) : CC abit bs BD. {ade } oe ie wfacbisens atdp inde oy C4 8D = (8 (eras cha tda 9 Gye) & : = hey s= Rus : T Sh dines. _[ kernel 4 Ce eee Spaces TF wit y ve ny Ee Qioeos, the null apace — We fa brey y tvow: bh FS oc xomel) NCU ToT Putas AS tN pak spe 3 Vv suck that er T()=° n(n: fevered: Vet a of ' al Shae Dimension 4 Jineot banefornann 4 "p me st null eypace (Kernel). ulhty dimension 7Range or Image ren om Range an fe q f ) of veouse const sting . of all image Cunaer 1) of cd 3 ting of all 9 hv gee ef TCH), oa ae nie a riots. Qype ce. 3 Se , eo fa mapped to ¢ on" Rank: Fann X33 ; pape o> he dank of -hnean tans formation ie the Ped to a. cua dmension its range Cound at ¢ t ‘ * elite Reange set hey No@ ) , fa } A Aromo necphiem. TF transformation het -t tren Tis cated rmonomorpes Linea 7% f-t Ap TB one 4f i TWO. Vetby. Apaces I} thee eriats an isfrorphe a. wt: He gonty T & called Veter spacasiz alco called as thew TB Called epirno pie Sree’ t def ‘Wormetp se © ‘ Ge V6W oe baud & be foomarpine te. cm T fom V bows we Write I ‘ y 2h I Try DF D Amer funcional 9 pt ” } One ~ tp -one onto fir ’ ! Cy every elme th B fas at . Gin Qeast one in : of ED elas a a >) a AviagaD) 7 provides disthnck sip fer er LoeaGirvow defined . pon digied by Tee ralvey ta by he? Bvt (meay 857" debined : Vhs Sabre ce YW Alle VEV ia tee idetiny t bineos, Gransfornat gv itefine’ O[¥) =o for all KEV Ht Zo brand nosy depined by T(VDe Daw fer at] EF tanto Ff trancfordatton = thom nent _ Sd a) qty ve) = Wt (yy) _ ee eee n oC jen vg W be Vecker Spacers A der 1: VestW the dinein, xy NCD &ROD axe finitc- dimensoval then «We Teall Cx: Sabie anh dye “Hhe nullity &f T, denoted, T, denoted by Aark(D fe the dimenstond of" SY ey Hes 5 5 Naality (1) din (NOD on ae Rank (1) = die (000). atl Fontan Inte’ [ane Het THRE ge iow ra ae pacer dee Tes fer V SW be yA fini, dimenstorsl 1 ERE 4 OC a rutliey (A) AARC = dn 1, : \ ¥ Wi 4 7 : r ev dion (ACT) 'g-oM (ougt) } 2d, meg ee STP at 48 Th) « fned yr” H UWS sh gress Age RY Daeg gn OE f ¥ Ud ann fh.Basis aa Given wfc . VAs fimte dimenstonat, wba gag fa ee dim (v= 9: fh ca ta ee " Ren eat onen bination : ya gid of) ood ae ) pimene bs, A GTC ata eo = [po of teat ak soy 4 het dine (NOIN) = ke Wéndrand bet Se $2) yan. tay & dase GF NCD . Se i ’ uy a Seo ewer) Myr... ty & NCD» Feri ose pce Cae Since Sprasrase of NOD j ; § : , { ia 2 ty cee wie Baa, elite of % * Evo eunt of WCT) Bw Eset otic on eo €s As dimcv)= 0 gal sgl le Sn Value de or gv ) oth = ined $6 Tk Aineosty andep endent” 5) Chery elt; of V a bigear cmbecerg genera sod a aks, | noid 5 jon to prove Rant (N= ot 8) TS (I= od quer toRs ma tineony tndependent vedi) Me Vey dtr Ig ay) + 43V9.t43 Va 2 0 + Qe Maas oO ya Pat Tae begs Tega) t-« whee bea. --- ba € F- qrdines, eae TRADE T (OT) | | HRS = chy, oak has single fin: [bray Maat + Baers Meee 7 Ae angta % Soe €° Nullispace « an owt 2A lsd sae b , A ext NP OE sea a ce a parent compinarion of %! sat Teter)? 9 [RO ea 1 beat ayn + Daa Teyr ibn tot. eS 4) sith Colnale emcee ce 340292 Teale tes i, Gi “ponebinatsowt 2 Sa)-4\ ond “ ape oe mye M wey 1} 7) panties ake? nase * ano Bry bag 20. bw e® ayo 9&8 Vincent) Faden dt ne Ty Yon Ten) 2 8 by tn | #0, T(n=0- *(amage fC % 09 + (bia Be TC bara: Ze) + - rt alge bere’ € ur),I I i el Bray etme of eedids a tinea combination of € yeti) 2 ev 4 egn @ | bane Le HUT MT St ate t Anti teal t, non, F faqsy ten + 74 Tx) ~T. mee tone ts + nm) r rT(4 qe Ta) + 42 TB) Fo ayt (22) Aeet (ese . a OnT (an). By egr-(D Bub vain ae sili Ta) = © Tlr) so. - Tlayso! tn T(t): q* Cobreaglal 220d as 4 Ze Linear Crmbination g emt. $ o Ptaadphe, bot Fd ca 05 S9= [Tasty rege Dt “4 nk elt rf Cyt im(e(1)) = diem tv) dim (NC Ps ea AoC) ae tho [ uC) 4d Int et Korn () gnu < ° 2 geldimention Enedtem fic BT: Rope defined — (ay 92) (a; tao ,0,2a,-a.) | és pimension Snesem! NE ins es SDN atttty (14+ Rank (r= DimCv) %, : DimtY) = & yung? edm( w(t), N@D= FLEV ST Tho] we aya € N(T)- yo, T(a,a2) = 0° Uy (0p $0207 2a Cary =f. > ee ayt4as 0° PAPot . ates o- Rank - 4) ae ’ ’ SH \igih>— 1 } Convert tt tote elon em * > Np. ce mon ZHAO AWS DLs fajrash fae pane othe (a) 42) enaa) ov o be Mi et v6 0 be finite dhmpensioval ove! Fergie MOM Pe Simea } Then following are equivalent °- : ae a ct ae ay gant (= deel D yp aoe aren . om VImIT CH snek +O By dimension Theorem, Rank (1) nullity (1)= dim Ve TT 1-1 & w(t) oye ae ~ — . utiles (19 2% leet ; Te sy ae 4 4 XLEN(T) thera TLU= 0 ia O yp ii dataeaGlO) 30, ( } Taps To)! SJ eo sing TH lat, Bigot an Gates dim v- 1 A\vhee frie tm ited A mabey CO \ ero dim (C79) > dt : a oa on ise ew win same R()= W a) ' “Te on ko © ane, 4 ‘Tas Co ‘Mewhsa! TR Re Linear, 6 TC mais eth then Anat & Tl (2,3)« a (yo) + BO whos (219)Pet CO TOAS O91), (nue ye, OY ay dais of. KS fo, (oy de ® Tier of ‘(e 9) Pee Gis) tio o> Dee (o,%).. jo pte Seas Binet combinatoe OF Bean Bw Mba i (tip + me = ees t _ i: “1, Ci }7 V(1e)4 © (or) = TEE 1200/9. 0 ie) 5a = (gioDe. o ? (\,0) + (outa Copipieie:, 2) Coepti cent wath si, Toa a ° o- 6 TP > BP ghen oe pei eee Baio Tlaybs ede [ath 2e-a Qe (yp dernain = (Dc aiae rosit -$t)06) (010) je cree . i cor erty i 4 se (atby 20-a). 1 ginfa tfarbrds (ate 22-9 bweffcert of athe =) \f as Sy) confident f 26-092 tae fi) Basit “gn Ka, Dray ve (to-demainul [sta bate f(y ci) Fors ,CodY (tro ody. {Cords Crody Gsb, 20-4) Linear Grob ination Tt oe Xy 70, = (Cryo, ata-v Eso Nee Cr, 0), (0,-24C's 2°C%,-D. Er iGusaly t= (2 , Dep (ears 2 ca) 0) IDA 13 2 Tle, d= (1-9) “on PCa Cay (orderly 02 (0, -1 (¥1 2D Gtr eumt ov Gide alot bt Ona Oy -3) 7 @,a)+lbr o) (1) -3)= (614), bs 40 a=-3. (0) = a(o)) 4 b Ciro). } (1!) > (@,4) x(b ods h (an) = fora (b=2 aat | (D2 acer 04 bcuseae : (0, a) + (/°) Cp (=r) ca) | (eer ell[3 1 ee Gt dy per yee ot y poh ‘ NC) = Corp mat) % ' 4 i 1S Find Glee ts R2> A dened ay 1100) favsgiy o1 20 oe wot a (0,1, 01 foro. By Jer 8d, CoD) 8, PA? CaN | Cee i Sen fina [13 - Si i domain (WV. "gg demain CO). lar} a spose =f C10) + OiDY opyate 2 OY 5), (0)1 0X29, e Bs | (ayrseon bs atin Ok i T (18) = ( 1430, Oy ai- 4(0)) Ro sat c(i, 0 ean) Tlon) = (or stv, 0, 9-40) (3,0, -4) » p fincas canboratio® q P| +0 “ Oe: & (ry 0,0) b (0/190) + cla, 0,). % = (a; 0,0) t (616) 64 (0,0)9¢) E (¥,0,48) = (asbiac), i wy Das boo Crt fi = t o : nt tons et i) ( a (30-4) + a beam fa 11am t cag ee [2 AD to ee Lk <9 3 ° 4,Lee TE 25 R? be ae Plocar transformation, defined p, we Ty [ates Tay Dhntin | Codaroat ee Fra mata F the transformotion, wre back B= LY, 2} for R™ By dus Voy Vapor e bree ane 4] weft] LW (| va (= | (5] ay Sole, ali | Y Ps = (s), Ha SE Care! H(Z Fle 5 u a took " = [staat |> |) ] ey pe 166) 12) -3| dae te symte HE. as incon @mbination ss wu) 5f3 ai eee ° > [4% a = K iv ) ee [; : [3 ety eae % Pode as an apatl 4 aie ‘ Codomnar® Re bade = (:).6) ie \ 3 .2) = ay ape math fot Es I] st, aye ust} ob: ed a Liev L nd pel ks stein ape the -2 oe Ast: “s Asi = acpi ! ar} Pd ; Asa en ph tk ¥ A] i a ; Pa - ‘a > i As = SAL FP RR Ape — «BY x) HY ota Y f fi A Bal ety -1 & ve weg oe oe