Smooth muscle spasm

One type of antispasmodics is used for smooth muscle contraction, especially in tubular organs of
the gastrointestinal tract. The effect is to prevent spasms of the stomach, intestine or urinary bladder.
Both dicyclomine and hyoscyamine are antispasmodic due to theiranticholinergic action. Both of these
drugs have general side effects and can worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease.
[3]

Mebeverine, which is a muscolotropic spasmolytic with a strong and selective action on the smooth
muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly of the colon. t does not have the acetylecholine
side effect commonly seen in an anticholinergic antispasmodic.
Papaverine is an opium alkaloid used to treat visceral spasms, erectile dysfunction and investigated
as antipsychotic drug due to it's potency to inhibit phosphodiesterase PDE10A.
Peppermint oil has been traditionally used as an antispasmodic, and a review of studies on the topic
found that it "could be efficacious for symptom relief in BS"
[4]
(as an antispasmodic) although more
carefully controlled studies are needed. A later study showed it is an effective antispasmodic when test-
applied topically to the intestine during endoscopy.
[5]

The flower Liatris, also called blazing star, has also been used as an antispasmodic
[citation needed]
. Another
old common name for this plant is Colic Root, alluding to its medicinal use as an antispasmodic for
the intestines.
Most forms of Cannabis ndica are a highly effective antispasmodic.
[citation needed]

Bamboo shoots have been used for gastrointestinal and antispasmodic symptoms.
[edit]Skeletal muscle spasm
Pharmacotherapy may be used for acute musculoskeletal conditions when physical therapy is unavailable
or has not been fully successful. Another class of antispasmodics for such treatment
includes cyclobenzaprine, carisoprodol, orphenadrine, and tizanidine.
[6]
Effectiveness has not been
clearly shown for metaxalone, methocarbamol, chlorzoxazone, baclofen, or dantrolene.
[6]
Applicable
conditions include acute back or neck pain, or pain after an injury.
Spasm may also be seen in movement disorders featuring spasticity in neurologic conditions such
as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, andspinal cord disease. Medications are commonly used for spastic
movement disorders, but research has not shown functional benefit for some drugs.
[7][8]
Some studies
have shown that medications have been effective in decreasing spasticity, but that this has not been
accompanied by functional benefits.
[7]
Medications such as baclofen, tizanidine, and dantrolene have
been used.
[6]