WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Abhishek World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

SJIF Impact Factor 2.786

Volume 3, Issue 7, 496-507. Review Article ISSN 2278 – 4357

SCIENTIFIC EVALUATION OF TRADITIONAL PLANTS HAVING

ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL -A REVIEW

*Dr. Abhishek Gupta and Prof. Vk Joshi

Sri Sai Ayurvedic Medical College, Aligarh U.P.

ABSTRACT
Article Received on
09 May 2014, Diabetes mellitus is a universal problem affecting human societies at
Revised on 01 June
2014, all stages of development. It is a condition where sufficient amount of
Accepted on 24 June 2014
insulin is either not produced or the body is unable to use the insulin
that is produced, leading to excess glucose in the blood. Insulin is the
*Correspondence for Author
hormone that enables glucose uptake and utilization by the body cells
*Dr. Abhishek Gupta
for energy supply. Now a days, it is the most complicated syndrome
Sri Sai Ayurvedic Medical
College, Aligarh U.P and everyone wants something differerent, effective without hazards
for this problems. From the beginning plants were the only source for
curing any disease. India has a rich tradition of plant-based knowledge on healthcare. A large
number of plants/plant extracts/decoctions or pastes are equally used by tribals and folklore
traditions in India for treatment of diabetes. The present review thus attempts to analyze the
ethnobotanical knowledge base for treatment of diabetes which includes a usage of plants,
methods employed by tribals and folklore practices prevailing in India. A large number of
plants used in tribal and folklore with enormous potential have not been validated for their
antidiabetic potential. This review therefore attempts to bridge the lacunae in the existing
literature and offers immense scope for researchers engaged in validation of the traditional
claims and development of safe and effective and globally accepted herbal drugs for diabetes.

KEYWORDS: Diabetes, Ayurveda, Herbal drugs, Prameha.

1.INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is the single most important metabolic disease that affects nearly every organ/
system in the body. Today diabetes affects more than 135 million people worldwide and that
number is expected to increase to 300 million by 2025. To tackle diabetes effectively, a
comprehensive treatment is required. Now, attention is diverted to herbal formulations due to

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their versatile role in diabetes without side effects, especially in treating type 2 diabetes or
NIDDM[1]. Since ages, plants have remained important sources of medicines in our country
which is evidenced through their uses in traditional system of medicine i.e. Ayurveda. At
present Over 80,000 species of plants are in use throughout the world. Realizing the
importance of medicinal plants as a natural source of newer medicines, now the world is
moving towards the plant based medicine or phytomedicines that repair and strengthening
bodily systems (especially the immune system, which can then properly fight foreign
invaders) and help to destroy offending pathogens without toxic side effects. Owing to
various side effects of allopathic/synthetic medicine, plant based medicines are gaining
popularity in world market as a whole. In the last few decades there has been a global
upsurge in the use of traditional medicine and complementary and alternative medicines in
both developing and developed countries.

Medicinal plants are being used since time immemorial, for treatment of various diseases.
Diabetes as a medical problem was first discussed by Maharishi Agnivesh in Agnivsha
Samhita (later known as Charaka Samhita) as Prameha[2]. Besides the classical systems of
Indian Medicine, the folk and the tribal medicine also employ a number of plants and animal
products for treatment of diabetes and many other diseases. Some of these plants have been
screened scientifically for the evaluation of their antidiabetic activity in different
pharmacological models and human subjects, but the potential of most of the plants remain
unexplored. Ethno-botanical information on plants used in India for treatment of diabetes is
widely scattered and only few papers have reported ethno-medicinal uses of plants for
diabetes. The present paper will present a review of plants used in tribal and folklore people
for their Antidiabetic potential.

2.OBSERVATION
Here we discuss about most of the plants used in Diabetes, about there habit, part used,
phytochemical constituents and type of study wheather it is experimental or clinical trial and
the presence of antioxidant activity. These are mentioned in Table 1 and 2.

3. DISCUSSION
DM is a very common health problem; almost 3% of the world population or 100 million
people suffer from it. [77]. In this review we discuss about those plants which having highest
antidiabetic potential. Antidiabetic potential of these plants due to their phenolic, flavnoid
and glycosids contents. Theses contents have potential to increase the insulin secretion. Some

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of plants those are discuss here having potential to increase the insulin secreation from
pancrease due to their phenolic and flavanoid contents are Acacia Arabica[78], Aegle
marmelos[79], Aloe vera[80], Eugenia jambolana[25], Ficus bengalensis, Gymnema
sylvestere[81], Pterocarpus marsupium[82], Tinospora cordofilia[25] Some plants having
beta cell rejuvenating, regenerating and beta cell stimulating property like Aegle marmelos,
Vinca rosea, Pterocarpus marsupium, Gymnema sylvestre[83]. Some plants having high fiber
contents that inhibit carbohydrate digestive enzymes and stimulate the insulin secreation like
Trigonella foenum graecum seeds[84]. In pathogenesis of diabetes free radicles are the mazor
cause for diabetes and its complication as many studies says [85,86]. Reactive oxygen species
are reported to be formed in different tissues in diabetes that will cause oxidative damage to
DNA of different cells[87]. All the plants having antioxidant activity which decrease reactive
oxygen species in tissues and also support for the regeneration of beta cells of pancrease that
leads to increase insulin secreation. Now a days there are so many modern medicine are
under use for the management of diabetes like sulfonyle urease derivatives, biguanides,
thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibiters etc. but all have some its side effects, so now
a days people are attracting towards herbal plants for its management. In this article we
explore those life saving plants with scientific parameters.

Table 1: Ethno-botanical information on Indian plants used in treatment of Diabetes.

Plant
Phytochemical
S.No. Plant name Family Habit part Type of Study
Constituents
used
Acacia arabica SD, BK, Gallic acid, catechin,
1 Fabaceae Tree Experimental[4]
Willd. FR, LA chlorogenic acid[3]
Aegle BK, LF, Skimmianine, aegelin,
2 Rutaceae Tree Experimental[6]
marmelos Corr. RT, FR Lupeol[5]
Azadirachta RB, BK, terpanoids like nimbin and
3 Meliaceae Tree Experimental[8]
indica A.Juss. SD, LF nimbidin[7]
mono and polysaccharides
(pectins, hemicelluloses,
glucomannan, acemannan, Experimental[10]
4 Aloe vera Linn. Alliaceae Herb LF
and mannose Clinical[11]
derivatives)[9],
glycoprotein[10] .
Leafs contains: alkaloids,
coumarins, flavonoids,
Alstonia
leucoanthocyanins,
5 scholaris R. Apocynaceae Tree LF, BK Experimental[13]
reducing sugars, simple
BR.
phenolics, steroids,
saponins and tannins[12]

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Root Alkaloids: berbamine,

Berberis Experimental[16,
6 Barberidaceae Shrub RT, FR berberine, oxycanthine,
aristata DC. 17]
epiberberine[14,15]
Catharanthus LF, RT,
7 Apocynaceae Herb Flavonoids [18] Experimental[19]
roseus Linn. SH
epiafzelechin, (-)
epiafzelechin-3-Oglucoside,
(-) epicatechin, procyanidin
Cassia fistula B2, biflavonoids,
8 Fabaceae Tree Leaf, FP Experimental[ 21]
Linn. triflavonoids, rhein,
rhein glucoside, sennoside
A, sennoside B,
chrysophanol, physcion[20]
Highest amount of Vitamin
C (ascorbic acid), low and
high molecular weight
tannins 30%, phyllembin
(2.4%), phyllemblic acid
(6.3%), gallic acid (1.32%),
Embelica
ellagic acid in natural form
9 officinalis Euphorbiaceae Tree FR Experimental[23]
and cytokine like
Geartn.
substances identified as
Zeatin, Z riboside, Z
nucleotide. Amla fruit ash
contains chromium, 2.5;
zinc, 4; and copper, 3
ppm[22]
Eugenia
SD, FR, Seed having Phenolic and Experimental[25 -
10 jambolana Myrtaceae Tree
LF, BK Flavonoid contents[24] 28]
Linn.
Leaves contains: quercetin-
3-galactoside, rutin, and
Ficus
LF, FR, beta-sitosterol, Experimental[ 30,
11 bengalonsis Moraceae Tree
BK and its bark contains 31]
Linn.
leucoanthocyanin and two
flavonoids[29]
Gymnema Experimental[33 -
12 sylvestre R. Asclepiadaceae Climber LF, RT gymnemic acids[32] 35]
BR. Clinical[36,37]
Mahanimbine ,
Murraya Murryacinine,
13 Rutaceae Tree LF Experimental[38]
koengii Linn. Mahanimbicine[ 38]

Pterocarpus
Experimental[ 39]
14 marsupium Fabaceae Tree BK, LA Epicatechin[39]
Clinical[40]
Roxb.
isoflavonoids, terpenoids,
Pterocarpus
and related phenolic
15 santalinus Santalaceae Tree HW,OIL Experimental[42]
compounds, β-sitosterol,
Linn.
lupeol, (-) epicatechin [ 41]

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peels contain tannins,

Punica anthocynins, flavo-noids
16 Punicaceae Tree FR, RB Experimental[45]
granatum Linn. ,pectins[43],
luteolin, querc-etin and
kaempferol[44]
alkaloids, cardiac
Rubia glycosides, tannins,
17 Rubiaceae Climber RT Experimental[47]
cordifolia Linn. flavonoids and
phenols[ 46]
Trigonella
carotene, vitamins, and Experimental[49]
18 foenumgraecum Fabaceae Herb WP, SD
saponins.[48] Clinical[50,51]
Linn.
Berberine,
Palmatine,Tembetarine,
Tinospora
Magnoflorine,
19 cordofilia Menispermaceae climber ST Experimental[54]
Choline , Tinosporin,
Willd.
Isocolumbin,
Tetrahydropalmatine[52,53]
Withania Withanolides: withaferin A
20 Solanaceae Herb RT Experimental [56]
somnifera Linn. and withanolide D[55]
BD-Bud; BK-bark; FL-flower; FR-fruit; INF-inflorescence; LA-latex; LF-leaf; PE-petiole;
RH-rhizome; RT-root; SH-shoot;
TU-tuber; WP-whole plant; SD-Seeds; ST-Stem; HW-Heart wood; FP-Fruit pulp; SB-Stem
Bark;

Table 2: Presence of Antioxident Activity

Presence of Antioxident
S.No. Plant name
Action
1 Acacia arabica Willd. +[57]
2 Aegle marmelos Corr. +[58]
3 Azadirachta indica A.Juss. +[59]
4 Aloe vera Linn. +[60]
5 Alstonia scholaris R. BR. +[61]
6 Berberis aristata DC. +[62]
7 Catharanthus roseus Linn. +[63]
8 Cassia fistula Linn. +[64]
9 Embelica officinalis Geartn. +[65]
10 Eugenia jambolana Linn. +[66]
11 Ficus bengalonsis Linn. +[67]
12 Gymnema sylvestre R. BR. +[68]
13 Murraya koengii Linn. +[69]
14 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. +[70]
15 Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. +[71]
16 Punica granatum Linn. +[72]

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17 Rubia cordifolia Linn. +[73]

18 Trigonella foenumgraecum Linn. +[74]
19 Tinospora cordofilia Willd. +[75]
20 Withania somnifera Linn. +[76]

4. CONCLUSION
In this review we saw that all the plants have antidiabetic potential. But it is proved only on
Experimental level not on clinical level except some, So it is necessity of present era
researchers to do mostly clinical trial on the basis of experimental datas.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT

We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

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