WHAT IS A NETWORK
Interconnection of Computers/Equipments
Purpose:
• To share resources
•Communication
•Speed in communication
•Reduced long term Cost
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Example of a Network
• Two or more PCs with additional resources
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More Complex Network
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BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
•Computers
•Network interface cards
•Network devices
•Networking media
•Network Peripheral devices
•NOS
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• STP=sh
• UTP unshielded
• SFTP Shielded Foil Twisted Pair
Standards
A documented set of procedures for doing things to
ensure interdependency between different manufacturers
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Types of Standards
A standard is a generally agreed-upon technology, method or format for a
given application.
• Official standards, also known as de jure standards, are overseen by one of
a number of governing bodies that exist to promote their development and
confirm their status. The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), for
example, is a standards organization that defines Internet
operating protocols such as TCP/IP.
• Standards that are endorsed by the IETF and similar organizations are
known as de jure standards.
• De facto standards, on the other hand, gain prominence because they are
widely used. Examples of de facto standards
include Microsoft’s Windows operating system and the QWERTY
keyboard layout.
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Standards are made to determine;
• How the physical network is built
• How computers connect to the network
• How the data is formatted for transmission
• How data is sent
• How to deal with errors
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Common Network Terminology
• Peer to Peer(no hierarchy)
• Client Server
• Hub and Switch
• NIC (ISA/PCI)
• LAN and WAN
• NOS
• Protocol
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More Network Terminologies
• Unicast
• Multicast
• Broadcast
• Bandwidth
• Attenuation
• Baseband
• Broadband
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Some More Terminologies
• Node
• Host
• Segment
• Noise
• Simplex
• Half Duplex
• Full Duplex
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Hosting
• ISPs
• Mail Servers
• Web Servers
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Network Devices
•Hub/Switch
•Bridge
•Router
•Gateway
•Repeater
•Modem
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LAN TOPOLOGIES
• Star
• Bus
• Ring
• Star-Bus/Tree
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STAR TOPOLOGY
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BUS TOPOLOGY
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•Internet
•Intranet
•Extranet
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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNET, INTRANET, AND
EXTRANET
• Intranet: collection of private computer networks within an
organization
• An "extranet" is a computer network that allows controlled
access from the outside for specific business or educational
purposes
• Internet: A global network connecting millions of computers
OSI Reference Model
• The International Organization for standardization (ISO)’s
Open Systems Interconnectivity (OSI) Reference Model.
It provided vendors with a set of standards that ensured
greater compatibility and interoperability between the
various types of network technologies that were produced
by the many companies around the world
The OSI reference model is the primary model for
network communications.
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OSI Layers
• Application
• Presentation
• Session
• Transport
• Network
• Data Link
• Physical
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OSI Reference Model Summary
• The OSI reference model is the primary model for network
communications.
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QUESTIONS TIME
