Section A

Question 1 m)
Relative sotopic Mass 54 56 57 58
Relative ntensity 5.8 91.6 2.2 0.4

The table above shows the information of element X.
a) Define the relative isotopic mass of element X. m)
b) Calculate the relative atomic mass of element X, and identify X. m)
c) Draw and label the axes of the mass spectrum produced when X is analyzed with a
mass spectrometer. m)
d) How many times is one atom of X lighter than one atom of carbon-12? m)

Question 2 m)
a) The standard reduction potentials, E for some half-cells at 298 K are shown below:

H
2
O
2
(l) + 2H
+
(aq) +2e
-
2H
2
O (l) E = +1.77 V

2
(aq) + 2e
-
2
-
(aq) E = +0.54 V
S
4
O
6
2-
(aq) + 2e
-
2S
2
O
3
2-
(aq) E = +0.09 V

i) Arrange H
2
O
2
,

2
and S
4
O
6
2-
in descending order of the tendency of being
reduced in aqueous solutions. m)
ii) What is observed if a few drops of acidified aqueous hydrogen peroxide are
added to excess aqueous potassium iodide? Explain. m)
iii) What is observed if tetrachloromethane is added to the products of the
reaction mixture in (ii), which is shaken? m)

b) n salt analysis, ammonia (aq) is used to distinguish AgBr from PbBr
2
precipitates.

i) State the colour of PbBr
2
precipitate. m)
ii) When aqueous ammonia is added into a test tube containing AgBr precipitate
and into another test tube containing PbBr
2
precipitate, only the AgBr
precipitate dissolves. State the condition of the aqueous solution of ammonia
used, and write a balanced equation for the reaction. m)

Condition of the aqueous solution of ammonia used: ___________________
Balanced equation: _____________________________________________

iii) State why AgBr dissolves in aqueous ammonia. m)

c) Ammonia can be reacted with aluminium chloride to form structure Y.

i) Draw the Lewis structure of structure Y. m)

ii) State the change in the orbital hybridization of aluminium in the above
reaction. m)
Question 3 m)
a) Aspartic acid is used to prepare the artificial sweetener, aspartame. The structure of
aspartic acid is shown below:

i) State the UPAC name of aspartic acid. m)
ii) Draw the structures of dipeptides formed from aspartic acid. m)
iii) Besides H-bond, name the bond found in dipeptide molecules. m)
iv) State one method of separating a mixture of glycine and aspartic acid. m)

b) Benzene, toluene and nitrobenzene each undergoes chlorination in the presence of
ferrum () chloride.

i) Write the equation for the chlorination of toluene. m)
ii) State the function of ferrum () chloride in the reaction. m)
iii) Write the mechanism of chlorination of toluene. m)

Question 4 m)
a) Cyclopropane decomposes into propene via ring opening of cyclopropane as follows.
The rate constant for the reaction is 15.12 s
-1
at 673 K.
C
3
H
6
(g) CH
2
=CHCH
3
(g)
i) State the rate equation for the decomposition of cyclopropane. m)
ii) Calculate t
1/2
of cyclopropane. m)
iii) f 1.0 mol of cyclopropane is introduced into a 1 dm
3
container, what is the
concentration of cyclopropane at 673 K after 2 half-lives? m)
iv) What is the relationship between cyclopropane and propene? m)
v) State one reagent used to distinguish cyclopropane from propene. m)
vi) Name a chemical compound, besides cyclopropane, which can be used to
produce propene. m)

b) 18 elements in Period 4 of Moseley's Periodic Table can be classified into the 8, 5
and /-block elements.

i) Why are the elements Ga to Kr classified as 5-block elements? m)

ii) Why is the 3
rd
ionization energy of Mn higher than that of Fe? m)