x8ay ulffracLlon Lab

ML 370104
lebruary 9 2010
Lance 8rumfleld


x8ay ulffracLlon Lab
Abstract 1he x8ay dlffracLlon Lechnlque ls used Lo deLermlne Lhe crysLal sLrucLure and lnLeraLomlc
spaclng of crysLalllne samples Lhrough consLrucLlve lnLerference of reflecLed xray beams 8raggs Law
and x8ay dlffracLlon daLa ln comblnaLlon wlLh Lhe expresslons for lnLeraLomlc spaclng ln Lerms of Lhe
laLLlce parameLer and Mlller lndlces for a crysLal can be uLlllzed Lo ldenLlfy crysLal sLrucLures deLermlne
laLLlce consLanLs and locaLe defecLs wlLhln a sLrucLure x8ay dlffracLlon daLa has been collecLed for a
lCC alumlnum sample and a 8CC sLeel sample Lhe daLa wlll be analyzed Lo deLermlne Lhe laLLlce
parameLer and preferred orlenLaLlons for Lhese maLerlals
Introduct|on 1he purpose of Lhls experlmenL ls Lo lnLroduce sLudenLs Lo Lhe use of xray dlffracLlon
Lechnlques for lnvesLlgaLlng varlous Lypes of crysLal sLrucLure encounLered ln meLalllc maLerlals An x8u
machlne wlll be used Lo LesL Lwo samples one alumlnum sample and one sLeel sample We wlll use lL Lo
deLermlne Lhe crysLalllne sLrucLures of boLh samples 8ragg's law and mlller lndlces wlll be lmplemenLed
ln calculaLlng resulLs from Lhe collecLed daLa
Lxper|menta| Apparatus and rocedure 1he apparaLus used for Lhls experlmenL way Lhe x8u machlne
locaLed ln aLrlck l 1aylor hall 8oLh Lhe alumlnum and sLeel samples were loaded lnLo Lhe machlne
where lL scanned each sample beLween 20 and 100 degrees aL lnLervals of 1 degrees
kesu|ts A|um|num ICC
eak # ke|at|ve
Intens|ty
2C S|n C Interp|aner
Spac|ng
(nm)
nk| (nm) Latt|ce
arameters
(nm)
1 73630 383 6198 2348 111 4067
2 131394 443 7009 2038 200 4068
3 14316 821 9903 1173 222 4063
4 23337 987 9883 1013 400 4060

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A|um|num
erles1

kesu|ts Stee| 8CC
eak # ke|at|ve
Intens|ty
2C S|n C Interp|aner
Spac|ng
(nm)
nk| (nm) Latt|ce
arameters
(nm)
1 2639 447 7034 2023 110 2864
2 783 649 9036 1433 200 2870
3 1073 823 9910 1173 211 2873
4 947 991 9874 1014 220 2868



Lab kequ|rements
1 (111) when ln parenLhesls ls referrlng Lo a plane ln Lhe crysLalllne sLrucLure
111 when ln brackeLs lL ls referrlng Lo a dlrecLlon or vecLor wlLhln Lhe sLrucLure
111 denoLes a f of dlrecLlons whlch are equlvalenL due Lo symmeLry
111 denoLe a famlly of plane normals whlch are equlvalenL due Lo symmeLry
2 ua/sqrL(h2+k2+l2)02863nm/sqrL(12+22+12)011696nm
0.1541nm, d0.11696nm, arcsine(/2d)41.206 diIIraction angle282.413
4 a4R/sqrt(3)(4)(.1241EE-9)/(sqrt(3)).2866nm
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The arrows indicate the three close packed directions |1-10|, |10-1|, and
|01-1|
6 arrows lndlcaLe Lhe close packed dlrecLlons 110 and 111
arcsine((n)/(a/(sqrt(h`2k`2l`2))))
(111), (200), (220), (311), (222)
B (110), (200), (211), (220)
0.154056nm
d/ (2sin)
a average oI Aluminum0.40645nm
0.154056nm
d/ (2sin)
a average Ior B Steel0.286875nm
the major diIIerences between the diIIraction patterns oI the aluminum and steel samples is that
the aluminum sample diIIracted with a much higher intensity than that oI the steel sample.

In the aluminum sample there are two strong peaks indicating that there are more than one
preIerred surIace orientations Ior the sample; one on the (111) and another at (200). The steel
sample had one strong peak indicating that there is 100 preIerred orientation on (110).