Chemistry

Question 1:

The reaction 2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2 in the metallurgical process of zinc
is called:

a. Calcination

b. Roasting

c. Smelting

d. Cupellation

Question 2:

In the long form of the periodic table, the valence shell electronic configuration of
5s 5p corresponds to the elements present in _____.
2 4

a. Group 16 and period 6

b. Group 17 and period 5

c. Group 16 and period 5

d. Group 17 and period 6

Question 3:

In which of the following molecules, the shown hydrogen bond is not possible?

a.

b.
 c.

d.

Question 4:

Calculate the energy required for the process

+ 2+ −
He (g) → H e (g) + e

−18
The ionization energy for the H atom in the ground state is 2.18 × 10 J atom −1
.

−18
a. 5.72 × 10 J

−18
b. 6.72 × 10 J

−18
c. 7.72 × 10 J

−18
d. 8.72 × 10 J

Question 5:

The first ionisation potential in electron volts of nitrogen and oxygen atoms are
respectively given by:

a. 14.6, 13.6

b. 13.6. 14.6

c. 13.6, 13.6

d. 14.6, 14.6

Question 6:
The pair of compounds which cannot exist together in solution is:

a. NaHCO3 and NaOH

b. Na2 CO3 and NaHCO3

c. Na2 CO3 and NaOH

d. NaHCO3 and H2 O

Question 7:

Chlorine acts as a bleaching agent only in the presence of:

a. dry air

b. moisture

c. sunlight

d. pure oxygen

Question 8:

Hydrogen gas will not reduce:

a. heated cupric oxide

b. heated ferric oxide

c. heated stannic oxide

d. heated aluminium oxide

Question 9:

CO2 is isostructural with _____.

a. SnCl2

b. HgCl2

c. SCl2

d. ZnI2

Question 10:
Which of the following compounds possesses the C-H bond with the lowest bond
dissociation energy?

a. 2, 2-Dimethylpropane

b. Benzene

c. Toluene

d. n-Pentane

Question 11:

Which of the following statements are correct with reference to the ferrous and ferric
ions?

2+
a. Fe gives a blue precipitate with potassium ferricyanide.

3+
b. Fe gives a red colour with potassium thiocyanate.

2+
c. Fe gives brown colour with ammonium thiocyanate.

d. Both (A) and (B)

Question 12:

A B
CH3 CH2 CONH2 ⟶ CH3 − CH2 − NH2 ⟶ CH3 − CH2 − OH

In the above-given reaction, A and B respectively are:

a. Br2 /KOH, NaOH

b. Br2 /KOH, HNO2

c. KMnO4 , KOH

d. HNO2 , Br2 /KOH

Question 13:

The correct IUPAC name of the following compound is:

 a. 4 - methyl - 3 - ethylhexane

b. 3 - Ethyl - 4 - methylhexane

c. 3,4 - ethyl methylhexane

d. 4 - ethyl -3 - methylhexane

Question 14:

Which of the following pairs give positive Tollen's test?

a. Glucose, sucrose

b. Fructose, sucrose

c. Hexanal, acetophenone

d. Glucose, fructose

Question 15:

When acetaldehyde is heated with Fehling's solution, it gives a precipitate of:

a. Cu2 O

b. Cu + Cu2 O + CuO

c. Cu

d. CuO

Question 16:

In the aluminothermic process, aluminium acts as:

a. An oxidising agent

b. A flux

c. A reducing agent
 d. A solder

Question 17:

PV
The given graph represents the variation of Z (compressibility factor = nRT
)
versus P, for three real gases A, B and C . Identify the only incorrect statement.

a. For the gas A, a = 0 and its dependence on p is linear at all pressure.

b. For the gas B, b = 0 and its dependence on p is linear at all pressure.

c. For the gas C, which is typical real gas for which neither a nor b = 0, By
knowing the minimum and point of the intersection, with z =1, a and b can
be calculated.

d. At high pressure, the slope is positive for all real gases.

Question 18:

p-Chloroaniline and anilinium hydrogen chloride can distinguished by:

a. Sandmeyer reaction

b. Liebermann's nitroso reaction

c. AgNO3

d. Carbylamine test

Question 19:

Among the following compounds, the one that is most reactive towards electrophilic
nitration is:

a. Toluene

b. Benzene
 c. Benzoic acid

d. Nitrobenzene

Question 20:

Which of the following compounds will exhibit cis-trans (geometrical) isomerism?

a. Butanol

b. 2-Butyne

c. 2-Butenol

d. 2-Butene

Question 21:

During nuclear explosion one of the products is 90 Sr with half-life of 28.1 yr. If 1μg
of 90 Sr was absorbed in the bones of a newly born body instead of calcium, how
much of it will remain after 60 yr, if it is not lost metabolically?

Question 22:

−2
Consider a certain reaction A → Products with k = 2.0 × 10 s
−1
. Calculate the
−1
concentration (in mol L ) of A remaining after 100 s if the initial concentration of
−1
A is 1.0 mol L .

Question 23:

Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25mg of

∘
K2 SO4 in 2 litre of water at 25 C, assuming that K2 SO4 is completely
−3
dissociated. (Answer_________ ×10 atm)

Question 24:

What is the wavelength (in nm) of a photon emitted during a transition from n = 5
state to the n = 2 state in the hydrogen atom?

Question 25:

Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl to give CaCl2 and CO2 according to
the reaction,
 CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2 O(l)

What mass of CaCO3 is required to react completelv with 25 mL of 0.75 M HCl?

Answers

1 : (b) 2 : (c) 3 : (c) 4 : (d) 5 : (a) 6 : (a)

7 : (b) 8 : (d) 9 : (b) 10 : (c) 11 : (d) 12 : (b)
13 : (b) 14 : (d) 15 : (a) 16 : (c) 17 : (b) 18 : (c)
19 : (a) 20 : (d) 21 : 0.228 22 : 0.14 23 : 5.27 24 : 434
25 : 0.9375

Explanations

Question 1 :

Roasting is the process of heating a sulfide ore to a high temperature in presence of air. It is a
step in the processing of certain ores. More specifically, roasting is a metallurgical process
involving gas-solid reactions at elevated temperatures with the goal of purifying the metal
component(s). Often before roasting, the ore has already been partially purified, e.g. by froth
flotation. The concentrate is mixed with other materials to facilitate the process. The
technology is useful but is also a serious source of air pollution.

Roasting consists of thermal gas-solid reactions, which can include oxidation, reduction,
chlorination, sulfation, and pyrohydrolysis. In roasting, the ore or ore concentrate is treated with
very hot air. This process is generally applied to sulfide minerals. During roasting, the sulfide is
converted to an oxide, and sulfur is released as sulfur dioxide, a gas. For the ores Cu2 S
(chalcocite) and ZnS (sphalerite), balanced equations for the roasting are:

2Cu2 S + 3O2 → 2Cu2 O + 2SO2

2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2

Question 2 :

The electronic configuration provided in the question is 5s2 5p4 . So, from the electronic
configuration, we can say that the principal quantum number of elements is 5 and the valence
electrons are 6.

The principal quantum number of 5 corresponds to the fifth period of the modern periodic table
and 6 valence electrons correspond to group 16 of the periodic table.

So, we can conclude that the electronic configuration provided in the question is the same as
the electronic configuration of tellurium.

The atomic number of tellurium is 52 and its electronic configuration is as below:

10 2 4
[Kr]4d 5s 5p

We know the Tellurium element belongs to group 16 and lies in period 5.

So, the element is Tellurium (Te).

Thus, we can conclude that in the long form of the periodic table, the valence shell electronic
configuration of 5s2 5p4 corresponds to the elements present in group 16 and period 5.

Question 3 :

Hydrogen bonds can exist between atoms in different molecules or in parts of the same
molecule. A hydrogen bond is the electrostatic attraction between polar groups that occurs
when a H atom bound to highly electronegative atom (N, O, F), the electrostatic attraction
occur in nearby electronegative atom with H. In para nitro-phenol Hydrogen bonding is not
possible due to greater distance between H and O of NO2 group.

Question 4 :

Energy associated with hydrogen-like species is given by,

2
−18 Z
En = −2.18 × 10 ( )J
2
n

For ground state of hydrogen atom,

△E = E∝ − E1

2
(1)
−18
= 0 − [−2.18 × 10 { }] J
2
(1)

−18
△E = 2.18 × 10 J

For the given process,

+ 2+ −
He (g) → He (g) + e

An electron is removed from n = 1 to n = ∞.

△E = E∝ − E1
 2
(2)
−18
= 0 − [−2.18 × 10 { }]
2
(1)

−18
△E = 8.72 × 10 J

−18
∴ The energy required for the process is 8.72 × 10 J.

Question 5 :

Consider the electronic configurations of Nitrogen and Oxygen.

2 2 1 1 1
N7 = 1s , 2s , 2px , 2py , 2pz

2 2 2 1 1
O8 = 1s , 2s , 2px , 2py , 2pz

If oxygen loses one electron, it will attain a half-filled configuration. Thus, it can lose an electron
easily. Also, nitrogen is already in a half-filled configuration and thus losing an electron will
require more energy than that of oxygen.

Question 6 :

NaHCO3 and NaOH compounds cannot exist together in solution as:

NaHCO3 + NaOH ⟶ Na2 CO3 + H2 O

Neutral salt

If acid and base present in same solution then they would react and NaHCO3 is a slightly
acidic compound, while NaOH is a base. H-atom of NaHCO3 replace by base, i.e., NaOH,
give Na2 CO3 and water.

Question 7 :

Chlorine bleaches by the process of oxidation. It needs moisture for its bleaching action.
Chlorine reacts with water to form hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids.

Cl2 + H2 O → HCl + HClO

Hypochlorous acid is unstable, and it easily dissociates to form nascent oxygen.

HClO → HCl + [O]

Nascent oxygen is a more powerful oxidising agent. Its formation is responsible for the
bleaching nature of chlorine in the presence of moisture.

Question 8 :

According to the electrochemical series,

Al is more electropositive than H so it can not be reduced by hydrogen gas. Fe and Sn are also
 4+ 2+
more electropositive than H but they are reduced from Fe3+ to Fe2+ ; Sn to Sn a lower
oxidation state.

Question 9 :

Carbon dioxide is a covalent compound having 3 atoms. One carbon atom and two oxygen
atoms. These are arranged linearly. The two oxygen atoms are present on either side of the
carbon and are doubly bonded to the carbon atom. This gives carbon dioxide a linear structure.
∘
The bond angle of O = C = O is 180 .

In the case of H gCl2 , it is also a linear molecule with the Cl − H g − Cl bond angle being
∘
180 .

Other molecules mentioned in the question are non-linear molecules.

Thus, the carbon dioxide is isostructural with HgCl2 .

Question 10 :

Bond dissociation energy for C − H are given below in the given molecules:

Toluene C6 H5 CH3 − 85kcal/mol

Benzene C6 H6 − 110kcal/mol

n-Pentane CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 − 98kcal/mol

2, 2-Dimethylpropane C(CH3 )4 − 92kcal/mol

The C-H bond of the methyl group in toluene has the lowest bond dissociation energy (both for
homolytic and heterolytic cleavage) as benzyl carbocation, as well as benzyl free radical, are
highly stable due to resonance or hyperconjugation.

Question 11 :

2+
The blue, precipitate of Fe ions with potassium ferricyanide is due to formation of Turnbull's
II III
blue KFe [Fe (CN)6 ].

2+ II III +
Fe + K3 [Fe(CN)6 ] ⟶ KFe [(Fe (CN)6 ] + 2 K

potassium ferro

ferricyanide

3+
The red colouration of Fe ions with potassium thiocyanate is due to the formation of
[Fe(CNS)3 ].
 3+ +
Fe + 3KCNS ⟶[Fe(CNS)3 ] + 3 K

ferric thiocyanate

(red colour)

Question 12 :

The first step is the Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction in which an amide
(propanamide) is converted to an amine (ethylamine) containing one carbon atom less.
Reagent A is the bromine in presence of KOH. In the second step, aliphatic primary amine
(ethylamine) reacts with nitrous acid (reagent B) to form aliphatic primary alcohol (ethyl
alcohol).

Question 13 :

Rules for nomenclature:

(i) Pick up the longest carbon chain.

(ii) Start numbering from the nearest branch.

(iii) In case two branches are at the same distance from the terminal carbon, the branch having
higher molecular weight is on priority.

rd
In this case, the longest chain is with six carbons, the closest carbon with the branch is 3
th
carbon. The next carbon with branch is 4 carbon.

Thus, the correct IUPAC name of the following compound is 3 - Ethyl - 4 - methylhexane.

Question 14 :

Glucose and fructose give positive Tollen's test.

The Tollen's test gives positive results only when aldehyde and α−hydroxy ketone is present.
Glucose contains an aldehyde group on top so glucose gives a positive test, and fructose
contains a α− hydroxy ketone. The Tollen's reagent oxidises the aldehyde or α−hydroxy
ketone and the silver ions are reduced to metallic forms which get deposited on the sides of the
test tube.
Question 15 :

Fehling's solution is a widely used reagent to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones.
Fehling's solution is prepared by mining Fehling A (Deep blue aqueous solution of copper (II)
sulphate) and Fehling B (a colourless solution of aqueous Potassium Sodium tartrate, also
known as Rochelle salt) and then made strongly alkaline with potassium hydroxide. The deep
blue active ingredient in Fehling's solution is the bis complex of Cu2+ . The net reaction
between an aldehyde and the copper (II) ions in Fehling's solution may be written as:

2+ − −
RCH O + 2Cu + 5OH → RCOO + Cu2 O + 3H2 O

Thus, the red precipitate formed when Fehling's solution reacts with an aldehyde is Cu2 O.

Question 16 :

The aluminothermic process is the process used for the production of alloys of iron. These
reactions are exothermic in nature which means that heat is released in these reactions.

The reaction of Aluminium with Iron(III) Oxide is a type of aluminothermic reaction. The
equation follows:

Fe2 O3 + 2Al → 2Fe + Al2 O3

Oxidation state of Aluminium on reactant side: 0

The oxidation state of Aluminium on the product side: +3

As the oxidation state of aluminium is increasing. Thus, it is considered a reducing agent

because it is undergoing an oxidation process.

Question 17 :

From the graph, it is clear that the value of z decreases with the increase in pressure. We can
explain as follows on the basis of van der Waals' equation.

At high pressure, when 'p' is large, V will be small and one cannot ignore 'b' in comparison to V.
a
However, the term be considered negligible in comparison to 'p' in van der Waals' equation:
2
V

a
(p + 2
) (V − b) = nRT
V

p(V − b) = nRT

pV − pb = nRT

pV pb
or = 1 +
nRT nRT

pb
or z = 1 +
nRT

Here z is greater than one and it increases linearly with pressure.

Question 18 :

p-Chloroaniline and anilinium hydrogen chloride can be distinguished by AgNO3 . anilinium

hydrogen chloride will give white ppt of AgCl on reaction with AgNO3 but p- chloroaniline will
not react with it because Cl is directly attached to benzene nucleus.

Question 19 :

The presence of electron releasing group like -R, -OH etc., increases the electron density at the
o/p position and thus, makes the benzene ring more reactive at (o/p position) towards
electrophile. On the other hand, electron-withdrawing group like -COOH, −N O2 etc. If present
reduces electron density and thus, reduces the activity of the benzene nucleus towards
electrophile. Thus, the order of the given compounds towards electrophilic nitration is:

Thus, toluene is most reactive towards electrophilic nitration.

Question 20 :

Cis-trans isomerism is exhibited by compounds having C = C, C = N and N = N groups, due to

restricted rotation around the double bond. Among the given options only 2-butene qualifies to
exhibit geometrical isomerism.

Question 21 :

Half-life

t1/2 = 28.1yr
 0.693 0.692 −1
k = = yr
t1/2 28.1

For first order reaction,

2.303 a
t = log
k (a−x)

0.693 −1
a = 1μ, t = 60yr, k = yr
28.1

2.303 a
60yr = × log
0.693/28.1 (a−x)

−1
(60yr)×0.693/28.1yr )
a
log = = 0.642
(a−x) 2.303

a
= antilog 0.642 = 4.385
(a−x)

a 1μg
(a − x) = = = 0.2280μg
4.385 4.385

Amount left after 60yr = 0.2280μg.

Hence, the correct answer is 0.228 μg.

Question 22 :

Given:

−2 −1
k = 2.0 × 10 s

T = 100 s

−1
[A]0 = 1.0 mol L

−1
Since the unit of k is s , the given reaction is a first order reaction.

2.303 [A]0
Therefore, k =
t
log
[A]

−2 2.303 1.0
⇒ 2.0 × 10 = log
100 [A]

−2 2.303
⇒ 2.0 × 10 = (− log[A])
100

−2
2.0×10 ×100
⇒ − log[A] =
2.303

−2
−2.0×10 ×100
⇒ [A] = antilog ( )
2.303

−1 −1
⇒ 0.135 mol L ≈ 0.14 mol L

−1
Thus, the remaining concentration of A is 0.14 mol L .

−1
Hence, the correct answer is 0.14 mol L .
Question 23 :

Given that:

Mass of K2 SO4 , w = 25mg = 0.025 g

Volume V = 2L

∘
Temperature T = 25 C = (25 + 273)K = 298K

The reaction of dissociation of K2 SO4 :

+ 2−
K2 SO4 → 2K + SO
4

Number of ions produced = 2 + 1 = 3

So, van’t Hoff factor i = 3

Use the formula of Osmotic pressure as:

n w 1
π = iCRT = i
v
RT = i × ×
v
RT ----(1)
M

−1 −1
where R = Gas constant = 0. 0821 L atm K mol

Molar mass of K2 SO4 , M = 2 × 39 + 1 × 32 + 4 × 16 = 174g/mol

Substituting all values in equation (1),

0.025g 1 −1 −1
= 3 × × × 0.0821 L atm K mol × 298 K
−1
174 g mol 2 L

−3
= 5.27 × 10 atm

−3
Hence, the correct answer is 5.27 × 10 atm.

Question 24 :

The Rydberg equation for hydrogen atom is given by,

1 1
ΔE = RH [ − ]
2 2
n n
1 2

Where, RH is the Rydberg constant of hydrogen, n1 is the initial state of transition and n2 is the
final state of transition.

Given:

The initial state of transition, n1 = 5

The final state of transition, n2 = 2

−18
The Rydberg constant of hydrogen, RH = 2.18 × 10 J
 −18 1 1
∴ ΔE = 2.18 × 10 J[ − ]
2 2
(5) (2)

−18 1 1
⇒ ΔE = 2.18 × 10 J[ − ]
25 4

−19
⇒ ΔE = −4.58 × 10 J

∴ It is emission energy.

The frequency of the photon (taking energy in terms of magnitude) is given by,

ΔE
Frequency v =
h

−34
Where h = Planck's Constant = 6.626 × 10 J sec

−19
4.58×10 J
⇒ v =
−34
6.626×10 J sec

14
⇒ v = 6.91 × 10 Hz

c
Now, wavelength λ =
v

8 −1
3.0×10 ms
⇒ λ =
14
6.91×10 Hz

⇒ λ = 434 nm

Hence, the correct answer is 434 nm.

Question 25 :

0.75M of HCl = 0.75 mol of HCl are present in 1 L of water

−1
= [(0.75 mol) × (36.5 g mol )] HCl is present in 1 L of water

= 27.375 g of HCl is present in 1 L of water

Thus, 1000 mL of solution contains 27.375 g of HCl.

∴ Amount of HCl present in 25 mL of solution

27.375g
= × 25mL
1000mL

= 0.6844 g

From the given chemical equation,

CaCO3(s) + 2HCL(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2 O(l)

2 mol of HCl (2 × 36.5 = 73 g) react with 1 mol of CaCO3 (100 g)

100
∴ Amount of CaCO3 that will react with 0.6844 g = × 0.6844
73
= 0.9375 g

Hence, the correct answer is 0.9375 g.