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Question 1
Which inIormation is carried in an OSPFv3 intra-area-preIix LSA?
A. IPv6 preIixes
B. link-local addresses
C. solicited node multicast addresses
D. IPv6 preIixes and topology inIormation
Explanation
The OSPFv3's new LSA, the Intra-area PreIix LSA (type 9), handles intra-area network
inIormation that was previously included in OSPFv2 type 2 LSAs. It is used in order to advertise
one or more IPv6 preIixes. The preIixes are associated with router segment, stub network
segment or transit network segment.
Intra-area preIix LSAs (type 9) & Inter-Area-PreIix-LSA (type 3) carry all IPv6 preIix
inIormation, which, in IPv4, is included in router LSAs and network LSAs.
Note: An address preIix is represented by three Iields: preIix length, preIix options, and address
preIix. In OSPFv3, addresses Ior these LSAs are expressed as preIix, preIix length instead oI
address, mask.
Question 2
Which one oI these statements is true oI OSPF type 5 LSAs?
A. They are used to summarize area routes to other areas.
B. They are used in not-so-stubby areas to propagate external routes.
C. They are used to notiIy areas oI the ASBR.
D. They are Ilooded to all areas (external route).
Explanation
Type 5 external link LSAs are used to advertise external routes originated Irom an ASBR. They
are Ilooded through the whole OSPF domain.

(Note: The dashed arrows show the directions oI LSAs in this example)
Below is a summary oI OSPF Link-state advertisements (LSAs)
Router link LSA (Type 1) Each router generates a Type 1 LSA that lists its neighbors and the
cost to each. LSA Type 1 is only Ilooded inside the router`s area, does not cross ABR.
Network link LSA (Type 2) is sent out by the designated router (DR) and lists all the routers
on the segment it is adjacent to. Types 2 are fooded within its area only; does not cross ABR.
Type 1 & type 2 are the basis oI SPF path selection.
Summary link LSA (Type 3) ABRs generate this LSA to send between areas (so type 3 is
called inter-area link). It lists the networks inside other areas but still belonging to the
autonomous system and aggregates routes. Summary links are injected by the ABR Irom the
backbone into other areas and Irom other areas into the backbone.
Summary LSA (Type 4) Generated by the ABR to describe routes to ASBRs. In the above
example, the only ASBR belongs to area 0 so the two ABRs send LSA Type 4 to area 1 & area 2
(not vice versa). This is an indication oI the existence oI the ASBR in area 0. Note: Type 4 LSAs
contain the router ID oI the ASBR.
External Link LSA (LSA 5) Generated by ASBR to describe routes redistributed into the area
(which means networks Irom other autonomous systems). These routes appear as E1 or E2 in the
routing table. E2 (deIault) uses a static cost throughout the OSPF domain as it only takes the cost
into account that is reported at redistribution. E1 uses a cumulative cost oI the cost reported into
the OSPF domain at redistribution plus the local cost to the ASBR. Type 5 LSAs Ilood
throughout the entire autonomous system but notice that Stubby Area and Totally Stubby Area
do not accept Type 5.
ulticast LSA (Type 6) are specialized LSAs that are used in multicast OSPF applications.
NSSA External LSA (Type 7) Generated by an ASBR inside a NSSA to describe routes
redistributed into the NSSA. LSA 7 is translated into LSA 5 as it leaves the NSSA. These routes
appear as N1 or N2 in the ip routing table inside the NSSA. Much like LSA 5, N2 is a static cost
while N1 is a cumulative cost that includes the cost upto the ASBR
(ReIerence:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologieswhitepaper09186a0080094e9e.shtml#ap
pa1)
Question 3
Which OSPF LSA type does an ASBR use to originate a deIault route into an area?
A. LSA 1
B. LSA 3
C. LSA 4
D. LSA 5
E. LSA 7
Explanation
By deIault, the OSPF router does not generate a deIault route into the OSPF domain. In order Ior
OSPF to generate a deIault route, you must use the default-information originate command.
With this command, the router will advertise type 5 LSA with a link ID oI 0.0.0.0.
(ReIerence:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologiesconIigurationexample09186a00801ec9I0
.shtml)
Question 4
ReIer to the exhibit. Routers A and B are directly connected and running OSPF, but they are
unable to Iorm a neighbor relationship. What is the most likely cause?
Router A relevant configuration:
interIace Ia0/0
ip address 10.10.1.1 255.255.252.0
ip ospI cost 512
router ospI 1
network 10.10.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router B relevant configuration:
interIace Ia0/0
ip address 10.10.2.2 255.255.252.0
ip mtu 512
router ospI 10
network 10.10.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
A. The routers are not on the same network.
B. The network statements do not match.
C. The process number does not match.
D. The MTU does not match.
E. The OSPF cost does not match.
F. There is a physical issue with the cable.
Explanation
OSPF sends the interIace MTU in a database description packet. II there is a MTU mis-match,
OSPF will not Iorm an adjacency and they are stuck in exstart/exchange state. The interIace
MTU option was added in RFC 2178. Previously, there was no mechanism to detect the interIace
MTU mismatch. This option was added in Cisco IOS SoItware Release 12.0.3 and later.
II the router with the higher MTU sends a packet larger that the MTU set on the neighboring
router, the neighboring router ignores the packet and the neighbor state remains in exstart.
Note: By deIault, the MTU Ior Ethernet is 1500 bytes. We can check the OSPF adjacency
process with the command 'show ip ospI neighbor.
(ReIerence:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologiestechnote09186a0080093I0d.shtml)
Question 5
Which two oI these steps are minimum requirements to conIigure OSPFv3 under IPv6? (Choose
two)
A. ConIigure a routing process using the command ipv6 router ospI |process-id|.
B. Add the network statement Ior the interIaces on which OSPF will run.
C. ConIigure OSPF on the interIace that it will run on.
D. Use the passive-interIace command on the interIaces on which OSPF should not run.
E. Enable routing.
Explanation
The Iirst step to conIigure OSPFv3 under IPv6 is to enable IPv6 unicast routing:
R1(conIig)# ipv6 unicast-routing
Also we need to enable the OSPF process:
R1(conIig)# ipv6 router ospf 1
There are a Iew changes in conIiguring OSPFv3 vs OSPF Ior IPv4. Instead oI using the
'network and 'area commands in ospI router conIiguration mode you now conIigure OSPFv3
on a per interIace basis using the ipv6 ospf
area
command in interIace conIiguration mode. For example:
R1(conIig)# interface fa0/0
R1(conIig-iI)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
Note: The 'network command does not exist in OSPFv3.
Question 6
ReIer to the exhibit. How would you get the 1.1.1.1 network into the OSPF database?

A. ConIigure RTA as an ASBR.
B. Redistribute connected routes on RTA into OSPF.
C. Set up a virtual link between area 1 and area 0.
D. Set up a virtual link between area 1 and area 2.
E. Add a static route into RTB and enter it into OSPF.
F. Place a network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 command into RTB.
G. Set up a unique router ID on RTA using an RFC 1918 address.
H. Change area 0 on RTB to area 1
Explanation
Recall that in OSPF, area 0 is called backbone area and all other areas connect directly to it. In
the exhibit above, area 1 is not directly connected with area 0 so we need to set up a virtual link
between area 1 & area 0 so that the networks in area 1 can be recognized in area 0. The virtual-
link conIiguration is shown below:
RTB(conIig)#router ospf 1
RTB(conIig-router)#area 2 virtual-link 1.1.1.1
RTA(conIig)#router ospf 1
RTA(conIig-router)#area 2 virtual-link 2.2.2.2
Notice that the router-id in the 'area . virtual-link command is the router-id oI the
neighboring router.
Question 7
The core oI a network has Iour routers connected in a square design with Gigabit Ethernet links
using /30 subnets. The network is used to carry voice traIIic and other applications. Convergence
time is taking more than expected. Which three actions would you take to improve OSPF
convergence time? (Choose three)
A. Increase MTU oI the interIaces to accommodate larger OSPF packets.
B. Change the network type to point-to-point on those links.
C. Reduce SPF initial timer.
D. Increase hello interval to avoid adjacency Ilapping.
E. Enable OSPF.