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Glycolysis

The document outlines various metabolic pathways including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, HMP, citric acid cycle, fatty acid synthesis, and beta-oxidation, detailing their locations, rate-determining steps, stimulation, inhibition, and occurrence. Each pathway is characterized by specific regulatory factors such as hormones and metabolites that influence their activity. The information is organized in a comparative format, highlighting the differences and similarities among these metabolic processes.

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Marione Thea Rodriguez
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36 views1 page

Glycolysis

The document outlines various metabolic pathways including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, HMP, citric acid cycle, fatty acid synthesis, and beta-oxidation, detailing their locations, rate-determining steps, stimulation, inhibition, and occurrence. Each pathway is characterized by specific regulatory factors such as hormones and metabolites that influence their activity. The information is organized in a comparative format, highlighting the differences and similarities among these metabolic processes.

Uploaded by

Marione Thea Rodriguez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Glycolysis Gluconeogenesis Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis HMP Citric acid cycle Fatty acid synthesis B-oxidation

Location Cytosol Cytosol Cytosol Mitochondria Cytoplasm: liver, Mitochondria: liver,


Mitochondria adipose, lactating adipose, muscle
mammary glands
RDS Phosphofructokinase-1 Fructose-1,6- Glycogen synthase Glycogen phosphorylase Glucose-6- Isocitrate Acetyl-CoA Carnitine
bisphosphatase phosphate dehydrogenase carboxylase palmitoyltransferase I
dehydrogenase
Stimulation Insulin (in the liver): indirect Glucagon Phosphorylates glycogen Phosphorylates glycogen Calcium ions Insulin Glucagon (indirect)
stimulation synthase – decreased phosphorylase – increased ADP High glucose
AMP activity activity ATP
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate - Insulin - Glucagon Citrate
Glucose-6-phosphate - Epinephrine
Cortisol - Muscle
contraction –
calcium/
calmodulin
complex
AMP
Inhibition Glucagon (in the liver): Insulin Dephosphorylates glycogen Dephosphorylates glycogen ATP Glucagon Malonyl-CoA
indirect inhibition synthase – increased activity synthase – decreased activity NADH Low glucose Insulin (indirect)
ATP - Glucagon - insulin Acetyl-CoA Epinephrine
Citrate - Epinephrine ATP Citrate AMP
Glucose Succinyl-CoA Cathecholamine
Acyl-CoA
Palmitoyl-CoA
Occurrenc Stimulated in postprandial Fasting state Precursor: acetyl-CoA Precursor: acyl-CoA
e state Transporter: citrate Transporter: carnitine
Occurs independent of shuttle shuttle
postprandial state in some End product: Palmitic End product: Acetyl-CoA,
cells (eg RBCs) acid, NADP ketone bodies, NADH,
FADH2
Required: ATP, biotin, Required: NAD+, FAD,
CO2, NADPH H2O

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