Stock Trading Game

Architecture Details
1. Components Needed

For the stock trading game application, you’ll need the following components:

 User Interface (UI): Separate interfaces for web and mobile.

 Authentication Service: For user login and session management.
 Game Management Service: Manages game creation, joining, and leaving.
 Order Management System: Handles buy and sell orders.
 Transaction Management System: Manages financial transactions, including buying
virtual currency.
 Price Feed Handler: Retrieves and updates stock prices in real-time from NSE.
 Notification Service: Sends alerts and game updates to users.
 Reporting and Analytics: Generates reports on games, user activities, and financial
standings.
 Database: Stores user data, transaction records, order history, and game details.

2. High-Level Architecture

Here’s a high-level architecture outline:

 Front End: Web and Mobile Apps

 API Gateway: Routes requests to appropriate backend services.
 Services:
o Authentication
o User Management
o Game Management
o Order Processing
o Transaction Processing
o Notification
o Reporting
 Data Storage:
o SQL Database for transactional data
o NoSQL or In-memory databases for real-time data handling
 External Integrations:
o Real-time data feed from NSE

3. Technologies

 Frontend: React for web, React Native or Swift/Kotlin for mobile apps
 Backend: Node.js or Java with Spring Boot
  API Gateway: NGINX or AWS API Gateway
 Database: PostgreSQL for relational data, Redis for session management and real-
time game state
 Messaging and Streaming: Kafka for handling price feeds and asynchronous
communication
 Cloud Provider: AWS or Azure for hosting and scaling

4. Flow Diagrams/Interaction Diagrams

You might want to use tools like Lucidchart or draw.io to create these diagrams. They should
illustrate how components like the User Interface, API Gateway, and backend services
interact, particularly during:

 User registration and login processes

 Game creation and participation flow
 Order placing and processing

5. Class Design

 Classes:
o User
o Game
o Order
o Transaction
 Methods:
o User.login(), User.logout()
o Game.create(), Game.join(), Game.leave()
o Order.place(), Order.cancel()
o Transaction.process()
 Class Hierarchy:
o User could be a base class, with Trader as a derived class that interacts with
the game and order systems.

6. Functional Test Cases

 User Registration: Test successful registration and error handling for duplicate
emails.
 Login/Logout: Ensure proper authentication and session management.
 Game Lifecycle: Creation, joining, leaving, and deletion of games.
 Order Processing: Accurate placement, updating, and cancellation of orders.
 Real-time Updates: Test the latency and accuracy of price feed updates and
notifications.
HLD

1. System Overview

The application architecture will be split into several microservices, each handling a specific
segment of the system's functionality. This microservices approach allows for better
scalability, easier updates, and maintenance.

2. High-Level Components

 Client Applications: Web and mobile platforms providing the user interface.
 API Gateway: Central entry point that manages and routes all client requests to
appropriate backend services.
 Microservices:
o Authentication Service: Manages user authentication and authorization.
o User Management Service: Handles user data and activities.
 o Game Management Service: Manages game lifecycle, including creation,
participation, and tracking.
o Order Management Service: Processes and manages stock orders.
o Transaction Service: Handles financial transactions and virtual currency.
o Notification Service: Sends real-time updates to users.
o Price Feed Service: Integrates with NSE to fetch real-time stock prices.
 Data Stores:
o Relational Database: Stores structured data such as user details, transaction
logs, and game results.
o NoSQL Database: Manages session data, real-time game states, and fast-
retrieving needs.
 External Interfaces:
o Stock Exchange API: Connects to NSE for real-time price updates.

3. Component Interaction Diagram

This diagram would typically show:

 User interactions with the client applications, which then communicate through the
API Gateway.
 API Gateway routing requests to different microservices based on the request type.
 Microservices interacting with each other where necessary, e.g., User Management
and Game Management for joining a game.
 Microservices accessing the Data Stores for retrieval and storage of data.
 Real-time data flow from the Stock Exchange API to the Price Feed Service, which
then updates relevant game data.

4. Data Flow

 User Operations: Actions like login, register, place orders, and game participation
generate data flows from the client applications through the API Gateway to
respective services.
 Real-Time Updates: The Price Feed Service continuously receives stock price
updates, which are then propagated to games and users based on the current game
state and user subscriptions.
 Notifications: The Notification Service listens to various triggers (like game events or
stock price changes) and pushes notifications to the users.

5. Scalability and Performance Strategies

 Load Balancers: Placed before the API Gateway and also before major services to
distribute traffic evenly.
 Caching: Use Redis for caching frequently accessed data like session information,
game states, and user profiles.
 Database Sharding: Implement sharding for the relational database to distribute data
across multiple servers to enhance load management and query performance.
 Asynchronous Processing: Utilize Kafka for managing asynchronous
communications between services, especially for order processing and notifications.
6. Security Measures

 HTTPS Everywhere: All communication between clients and the server is encrypted
using HTTPS.
 JWT for Authentication: Securely manage user sessions and requests authorization
using JSON Web Tokens.
 Data Sanitization: Ensure all user inputs are sanitized to prevent SQL injections and
XSS attacks.

LLD

1. Class Design

Here’s a breakdown of some of the key classes along with their attributes and methods:

User Class

 Attributes:
o userId (String)
o username (String)
o email (String)
o passwordHash (String)
o accountBalance (Float)
 Methods:
o register(email, password)
o login(email, password)
o updateProfile(details)
o depositAmount(amount)

Game Class

 Attributes:
o gameId (String)
o gameRules (String)
o participants (List<User>)
o gameStatus (String) // e.g., active, completed
 Methods:
o createGame(user)
o joinGame(user)
o leaveGame(user)
o endGame()
Order Class

 Attributes:
o orderId (String)
o userId (String)
o stockId (String)
o orderType (String) // buy or sell
o quantity (Int)
o price (Float)
o timestamp (DateTime)
 Methods:
o placeOrder()
o cancelOrder()

Transaction Class

 Attributes:
o transactionId (String)
o userId (String)
o type (String) // deposit, withdrawal, payment, receipt
o amount (Float)
o timestamp (DateTime)
 Methods:
o executeTransaction()

2. Database Schema Design

Here’s a simplified view of the database schema:

Users Table

 userId (Primary Key)

 username
 email
 passwordHash
 accountBalance

Games Table

 gameId (Primary Key)

 gameRules
 gameStatus

Participants Table

 gameId (Foreign Key)

 userId (Foreign Key)
 joinedAt
Orders Table

 orderId (Primary Key)

 userId (Foreign Key)
 stockId
 orderType
 quantity
 price
 timestamp

Transactions Table

 transactionId (Primary Key)

 userId (Foreign Key)
 type
 amount
 timestamp

3. API Design

Defining some RESTful APIs that the system will expose:

User Management

 POST /users/register - Register a new user

 POST /users/login - Authenticate a user
 PUT /users/{userId} - Update user profile

Game Management

 POST /games - Create a new game

 POST /games/{gameId}/join - Join an existing game
 POST /games/{gameId}/leave - Leave a game

Order Management

 POST /orders - Place a new order

 DELETE /orders/{orderId} - Cancel an order

Transaction Management

 POST /transactions - Execute a financial transaction

4. Security and Validation

 Input Validation: All inputs via APIs will undergo thorough validation to prevent SQL
injection, XSS, and other common security vulnerabilities.
 Authentication and Authorization: Use JWTs for managing sessions and securing endpoints.
Each API that requires user identity will validate the provided JWT.
5. Error Handling and Logging

 Global Error Handler: Implement a global error handling mechanism to catch and respond to
exceptions uniformly.
 Logging: Use logging libraries like Log4j (Java) or Winston (Node.js) to log important events
and errors, which helps in debugging and monitoring the system.

6. Integration Points

 External Stock Price Feed: Ensure robust error handling and retry mechanisms for the
integration with the NSE API to handle downtime or data inconsistencies.