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WELCOME
Lecture on.
~FIRST AID TO THE IN1URED
By :
M.M. Gupta
ASSTT. COMMISSIONER
S1AB.
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at is FIRST AID ?
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FIRST AID IS..
A matter of Common Sense
Application of mind
Swift Response
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DEFINITION
First AID is the help given to a person in case oI SUDDEN
INJURYor SICKNESS so that the INJURY/SICKNESS does
not AGGRAVATE FURTHER and due to swiIt action Iurther
DETERIORATION is checked, same condition is maintained
& recovery promoted till the arrival oI Medical Help.
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SCOPE OF FIRST AID
From te definition four tings are apparent :
PREVENT furter deterioration
PRESERVE in te same condition
PROMOTE recovery
To arrange for regular Medical AID
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METHOD OF FIRST AID
Diagnosis
Treatment
Disposal
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DIAGNOSIS BASED ON
Circumstantial Evidence
Signs
Symptoms (Patient tells)
(you observe)
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PRIORITIES OF FIRST AID
Ceck Breating
Ceck Blood loss
Treat Sock
Treat Fracture
Look For Simple Injuries
Disposal
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BREATHING PROCESS
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CHECK BREATHING
Can Hear It
Can Feel It
Can Observe It
(Normal Person Breates 15-18 Times In One Minute)
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ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
Mout To Mout
Mout To Nose
10 Breats Per Minute
&
Ceck Pulse
Give 2 ventilations if tere is no breating
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CHEST COMPRESSION
(Give 30 Compression if tere is no Circulation)
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RECOVERY POSITION
(In case of unconscious casualty)
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BLEEDING (HAMEORRAGE)
Blood Contains
About 5 Litres in a normal body
- Red cells
- ite cells
- Plasma
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BLOOD CIRCULATES THROUGH
Arteries Carry Blood from Heart to body
Capillaries Small Blood Vessels
Veins Carry Blood Back to Heart
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CIRCULATORY PROCESS
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CIRCULATORY PROCESS
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CIRCULATORY PROCESS
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CIRCULATORY PROCESS
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CIRCULATORY PROCESS
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CYCLE OF FLO OF BLOOD
LV Body RA RV
RV
L1
L2
LA LV
(LUNGS)
(HEART)
(HEART)
(72-80 Times in one minute)
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HO TO CHECK BLEEDING ?
(HAEMORRHAGE)
Direct Pressure
Indirect Pressure
a) Press Near te wound
b) Apply dressing
a) Press Te Pressure Point
Temporal Region - 2 Back of Ear - 2 Jaw - 2
CoIIar Bone - 2 Armpit - 2 Upper Arm - 2
Wrist - 2 EIbow-2 Sides of Abdomen - 2
Groin - 2 Back of Knee - 2 Ankle - 2
Pressure bandage
a) Use a roller bandage (preferably crepe bandage)
b) Give support to te limb
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INTERNAL BLEEDING
Bleeding from Nose/Ears.
Bleeding from Lungs wit coug
From Stomac wit Vomiting
Troug Urine (Bladder,Unitary track, Kidney)
Troug Rectum wit Stool (injury in intestines)
TREATMENT
Handle Carefully and transport for Medical
AID
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Impairment of Normal Functioning of Body, is
Sock.
SHOCK
Two Types
a) Establised Sock
b) Nervous Sock
Aspyxia
Bleeding
Sickness
Bad/Good News
Heat/Cold/Hunger
Injury to Brain/Spine
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SHOCK : SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Discolourisation of Face
Loss of Power
Slow/weak Pulse
Cold Sweating
Irregular Breating/Sallow breating
Nausea & Giddiness
Clammy & Sandy Skin
Fall in Temperature
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SHOCK TREATMENT
Remove Cause From Effect
Lay down te Patient & Loose Cloting
Let Fres Air Come
Reassure te Patient
Try to Maintain Temperature
Resort toArtificial Respiration
Arrange Medical Aid
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$CK TREATMENT
DO NOT GVE ANYTHNG ORALLY
GVE NORMAL HOT OR COLD
WHEN PATENT S CONSCOUS OR
REGANS CONSCOUSNESS
ALWAYS SEEK MEDCAL ADVCE
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$keIeton
$stem
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SKELETON
HEAD CAVTY : BRAN/EYES/EARS
MOUTH/JAWS.
CHEST ACAVTY : LUNGS/HEART/
SPLEEN/LEVER/
KDNEYS
STOMACH : DGESTVE SYSTEM/
EXCRETARY SYSTEM
SMALL LMBS : HANDS/ARMS/
FEET/LEGS ETC.
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BONES IN BODY
206 - Bones in Human Body
Skull (8 + 14) 22
Collar Bones CLAVICLE) 2
Cest (7 + 3 + 2) x 2 24
Spine ( 7 + 12 + 5 + 5 + 4) 33
Soulder Blade SCAPULA) 2
Upper Arm HUME RUS) 2
Lower Arm RADUS - ULNA) 4
rist CARPALS) 16
Palm META CARPALS) 10
Fingers PHALANGES) 28
Pelvis ------- 2
Tig FEMUR) 2
Knee Cap PATELLA) 2
Lower Leg TBBA FABULA) 4
Ankle TARSUS) 14
Foot META TARSUS) 10
Fingers PHALANGES) 28
NECK - BACK - WAI$T - IP - TAIL)
(CERVICAL / DR$AL / LUMBAR / $ACRAL / TAIL / CCCYGIAL)
Breast bone(sternum) 1
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JINT$
MVEABLE
PARTIALLY MVEABLE
IMMVEABLE
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TYPE$ JINT$
INGE JINT$
PIVTAL JINT$
BALL & $CKET JINT$
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FRACTURE
Any Breaking, Bending, Dislocation or Cracking
of Bone is called Fracture.
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TYPE$ RACTURE
$IMPLE R CL$ED
CMPUND
CMPLICATED
CMMINUTED
DEPRE$$ED
IMPACTED
GREEN$TICK
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CAU$E$ RACTURE
DIRECT INJURY
INDIRECT INJURY
MU$CULAR CNTRACTIN
R EXPAN$IN
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FRACTURE : SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Pain
Swelling
Tenderness
Loss of Power
Deformity
Unnatural Movement
Irregularity
Crapitus
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FRACTURE TREATMENT
Make Te Patient Comfortable
Prevent Any Movement
Ceck Bleeding
Treat for Sock
Immobilize te Limb
Give Support
Transportation.
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MuscuIar
$stem
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MuscuIar
$stem
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OUNDS
Any cut in te outer surface of te body is a
wound or impairment in te blood vessels.
ounds are of two types:
OPEN
CLOSED (mostly ead injuries)
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OUNDS
TYPES / CLASSIFICATIONS
INCISED
PUNCTURED
LACERATED
CONTUSED
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OUNDS
TREATMENT
LAYDON THE PATIENT OR ASK HIM TO SIT
DON
LIFT THE LIMB IF POSSIBLE
APPLY PRESSURE - ON THE OUND
- ON PRESSURE POINT
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OUNDS
TREATMENT
In te case of INTERNAL BLEEDING:
APPLY COLD FORMULATIONS
APPLY TOURNIQUET (All precautions)
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BURNS & SCALDS
Burn is an injury to te body by excessive eat or excessive
cold.
Burns : Dry Heat (fire, flame, metal, sun, electricity etc
and friction
Scalds : Moist Heat (steam, boiling water, milk, tea, oil etc)
Cemical
Burns : Acids : H2SO4 , Nitric Acid, Hcl
Alkalis : Caustic Soda, Potas, Ammonia or
quick lime
Gases : Liquid O2 or Nitrogen
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BURNS & SCALDS
Area and not te degree of burn is important
(Rule of - 9)
BURN CAUSES
Intense Pain
Sock
Infection
Scars after Healing
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BURNS & SCALDS
MANAGEMENT
Reassure te patient
Clean wrap te wound
Cover te wound
as wit fres water
Keep te patient warm
Keep ands above te eart & feet elevated
Keep te face prop & observe continuously
Cold pack may also be applied (not excessive cold)
Do not remove cloting
Do not break blisters
Treat for sock
Move quickly to ospital
Remove ring, watc, bangles, belt & boots
Can give weak soda & salt solution if patient is conscious
and not vomiting.
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BURNS & SCALDS
FOR MINOR BURNS
Clean te Area
Submerge in water
Give soda & salt solution
Cover Dry
arm drinks
as well for cemical corrosive burns
Can also neutralize and dilute
Remove contaminated cloting
as te face/eye sideways
No rubbing of eyes
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POISON
Poison is any suc ting wic after coming into contact or
entering te body is capable of causing arm or leads to deat
It can be:
Accidental or
Intentional
Can enter te Body:
Troug mout (solid or liquid)
Troug skin (injection or sting etc)
Troug nose (gases or toxic fumes)
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POISON
Poison may be:
Corrosive or burning (acids, alkalis, insecticides)
Non-Corrosive (decomposed food, fungus etc)
Depressants (opium, datura, sankiya etc)
Signs and Symptoms
If troug mout (nausia, vomiting, lose motions,
and stomac-ace)
Burning of lips, tongue, mout and troat
Affect te brain (can cause aspyxia, deep sleep, fits,
unconsciousness and giddiness
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POISON
TREATMENT
Call te doctor immediately
Keep samples, if possible, of poison, bottle, box or vomit
If Unconscious
-Do not induce vomiting
-Keep te patient in recovery position
-Artificial respiration, if needed
If Conscious
-Give enoug water to drink
-Do not induce vomiting if acid, alkali or any oter cemical
is taken
-Induce vomiting in oter cases
(a) By luke warm salty water
(b) By irritating tongue/troat
Give antidote if available
Keep te patient warm
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SIMPLE IN1URY
Disinfect te wound
as wit water
Cover wit any clean ting
Don`t apply any lotion except
diluted mercurocrome Tincture
Iodine etc.
Use disinfectant sprays if available
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Transportation
Seek for Ambulance
(local Hospital or Nursing home)
Use Stretcer
Handle te spine fracture victim
wit utmost care and Caution
OR
Place te patient under proper care
Ambulance
Cats
(Improvise if not available)
(Bicycle, coil, shirt or Blanket etc,)
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MODES OF CARRYING
Single Person
(One First Aiders)
Cradle
Human Crutc
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MODES OF CARRYING
Pick a Back Fire man`s lift
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MODES OF CARRYING
Hand Seat
(Two First Aiders)
Four Handed Seat
Two Arm Seat
(When The Casualty is Co-operating)
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MODES OF CARRYING
wen not conscious or can`t assist Use Hand lock
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MODES OF CARRYING
en space does not permit
two and seat
Improvised chair)
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MODES OF CARRYING
Carrying Stretcer
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TRIANGULAR BANDAGE
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(Preferably Marcin clot)
e get Two Triangular Bandages
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TRIANGULAR BANDAGE
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FIRST AID BOX
Large : 17 x 10 x 6
Medium : 16 x 7 x 4
Small : 5 x 3 x 2
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FIRST AID BOX
Equipment
CONTENTS
Dressings
Medicine for Local
Application
Medicine for Oral
Application
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FIRST AID BOX
Safety Pins
Equipment
Scissors
Pad & Pen
Measuring Cup
Torc
Splints
Bamboo Sticks
Cotton ool
Dressings
Sterilised Dressings
Eye Pad
Adesive Plaster
Roller Bandages
Triangular
Bandages
Gauze
Band-aids
Stretc Bandage
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FIRST AID BOX
Savlon/Dettol
For Local Application
Eye drops/
Ointment
Tincture Iodine
Tincture Benzoin
Iodex etc.
Salt
For Oral Application
Sugar
Sodamint
Aspirin
(250-350 mg.)
Medicines
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EYE
REIGN BJECT$
LCAL INJURY
BLEEDING$
InternaI
ExternaI
;er exposure
An infIammation or infection
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DNT'$
D NT RUB TE EYE$
D NT PANIC
D NT U$E ANY MEDICINE
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D'$
KEEP CALM
REMOVE FOREGN OBJECTS F
POSSBLE
GVE COLD COMPRESS N CASE OF
NTERNAL BLEEDNG
WASH THE EYE WTH FRESH WATER
FOR
ANY CEMICAL BURN
$MALL REIGN BJECT
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REIGN BJECT IN EYE
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REIGN BJECT IN EYE
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Te End